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Che oder cheem (چ‎) is a letter of the Persian alphabet, used to represent [t͡ʃ], and which derives from ǧīm (ج‎) by the addition of two dots. It is found with this value in other Arabic-derived scripts. It is used in Persian, Urdu, Pashto, Kurdish, Kashmiri, Azerbaijani, Ottoman Turkish, Malay (Jawi), Java (Pegon), and other Iranian languages. Modern Standard Arabic lacks this letter as there is no romanization of the letter C in Arabic.

Position in word	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial
Glyph form: (Help)	چ‎	ـچ‎	ـچـ‎	چـ‎

In Arabic

The letter چ‎ can be used to transcribe [t͡ʃ] of Persian Gulf: Gulf Arabic and Iraqi Arabic, where they have that sound natively. In these countries and the rest of Arabic-speaking geographic regions, the combination of tāʾ-šīn (تش‎) is more likely used to transliterate the /t͡ʃ/ sound which is often realized as two consonants ([t]+[ʃ]) elsewhere; this letter combination is used for loanwords and foreign names, including those of Spanish origin in Moroccan Arabic. (In the case of Moroccan Arabic, the letter ڜ‎ is used instead to transliterate the Spanish /t͡ʃ/ sound;^[1] this letter derives from šīn (ش‎) with an additional three dots below.)

In Egypt, this letter represents [ʒ], which can be a reduction of /d͡ʒ/, It is called gīm be talat noʾaṭ (جيم بتلات نقط "Gīm with three dots") there. The /ʒ/ pronunciation is also proposed for South Arabian minority languages, like Mehri and Soqotri.

In Israel, where official announcements are often trilingual, this letter is used as the letter gīm on roadsigns to represent [ɡ], when transcribing Hebrew or foreign names of places, since Palestinian Arabic does not have a /g/ in its phonemic inventory. It has also been used as /g/ in Lebanon for transliteration such as "چامبيا" (Gambia)^[2]

Character encodings

Character information
Vorschau	چ
Unicode name	ARABIC LETTER TCHEH
Encodings	decimal	hex
Unicode	1670	U+0686
UTF-8	218 134	DA 86
Numeric character reference	چ	چ

Character information
Vorschau	ڜ
Unicode name	ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH THREE DOTS BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE
Encodings	decimal	hex
Unicode	1692	U+069C
UTF-8	218 156	DA 9C
Numeric character reference	ڜ	ڜ

References

^ José de Lerchundi: Rudimentos del árabe vulgar que se habla en el Imperio de Marruecos, Madrid 1872, S. 5, 26, 95.
^ أطلس دول العالم الكبير Archived 2017-06-30 at the Wayback Machine

This article related to the Arabic script is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[1] José de Lerchundi: Rudimentos del árabe vulgar que se habla en el Imperio de Marruecos, Madrid 1872, S. 5, 26, 95.

[2] أطلس دول العالم الكبير Archived 2017-06-30 at the Wayback Machine

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Letter of the Persian alphabet}}
 {{Contains special characters|Perso-Arabic}}
-{{More references|date=December 2009}}
+{{More citations needed|date=December 2009}}
 {{Arabic-script sidebar|Persian}}
 {{Arabic alphabet}}
-'''Che''' or '''cheem''' (<big>{{Script/Arabic|چ}}</big>), is a letter of the [[Persian alphabet]], used to represent {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}}, and which derives from {{transl|ar|DIN|[[ǧīm]]}} (<big>{{Script/Arabic|ج}}</big>) by the addition of two [[dot (diacritic)|dots]]. It is found with this value in other Arabic-derived scripts. It is used in [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Urdu]], [[Pashto language|Pashto]], [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]], [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]], [[Ottoman Turkish language|Ottoman Turkish]], [[Malay language|Malay]] ([[Jawi alphabet|Jawi]]), and other [[Iranian languages]]. [[Modern Standard Arabic]] lacks this letter.
+'''Che''' or '''cheem''' (<big>{{Script/Arabic|چ}}</big>) is a letter of the [[Persian alphabet]], used to represent {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}}, and which derives from {{transliteration|ar|DIN|[[ǧīm]]}} (<big>{{Script/Arabic|ج}}</big>) by the addition of two [[dot (diacritic)|dots]]. It is found with this value in other Arabic-derived scripts. It is used in [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Urdu]], [[Pashto language|Pashto]], [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]], [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]], [[Ottoman Turkish language|Ottoman Turkish]], [[Malay language|Malay]] ([[Jawi alphabet|Jawi]]), [[Javanese language|Java]] ([[Pegon alphabet|Pegon]]), and other [[Iranian languages]]. [[Modern Standard Arabic]] lacks this letter as there is no romanization of the letter C in Arabic.
 {{Arabic alphabet shapes|چ}}
 ==In Arabic==
-[[Image:Givat shmuel sign.png|thumb|right|200px|The initial form of the Persian ''Che'' used to represent {{IPAblink|ɡ}} in an [[Israel]]i road sign on the road to [[Giv'at Shmuel]].]]
 [[Image:Welcome sign to the village of Çardağlı.jpg|thumb|left|200px|A bilingual road sign at a Turkmen village in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq. The letter Che is used to represent the sound {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}}.]]
+[[Image:ToNofHagalil (cropped road sign).jpg|thumb|left|200px|In this trilingual road sign in Israel, however, the letter Che is used to represent the sound {{IPAblink|g}} in [[Nof HaGalil]].]]
-The letter {{Script/Arabic|چ}} can be used to transcribe {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}} of [[Persian Gulf]]: [[Gulf Arabic]] and [[Iraqi Arabic]], where they have that sound natively. In these countries and the rest of Arabic-speaking geographic regions, the combination of ''{{transl|ar|DIN|[[taw#Arabic tā|tāʾ]]-[[Shin (letter)#Arabic šīn/sīn|šīn]]}}'' ({{Script/Arabic|تش}}) is more likely used to transliterate the {{IPAslink|t͡ʃ}} sound which is often realized as two consonants ({{IPAblink|t}}+{{IPAblink|ʃ}}) elsewhere; this letter combination is used for loanwords and foreign names, including those of [[Spanish language|Spanish origin]] in [[Moroccan Arabic]]. (In the case of Moroccan Arabic, the letter  {{Script/Arabic|[[ڜ]]}} is used instead to transliterate the {{IPAslink|t͡ʃ}} sound aside from {{Script/Arabic|چ}};{{citation needed|date=December 2019}} this letter derives from ''[[Shin (letter)#Arabic šīn/sīn|šīn]]'' ({{Script/Arabic|ش}}) with an additional three dots below.)
+The letter {{Script/Arabic|چ}} can be used to transcribe {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}} of [[Persian Gulf]]: [[Gulf Arabic]] and [[Iraqi Arabic]], where they have that sound natively. In these countries and the rest of Arabic-speaking geographic regions, the combination of ''{{transliteration|ar|DIN|[[taw#Arabic tā|tāʾ]]-[[Shin (letter)#Arabic shīn/sīn|šīn]]}}'' ({{Script/Arabic|تش}}) is more likely used to transliterate the {{IPAslink|t͡ʃ}} sound which is often realized as two consonants ({{IPAblink|t}}+{{IPAblink|ʃ}}) elsewhere; this letter combination is used for loanwords and foreign names, including those of [[Spanish language|Spanish origin]] in [[Moroccan Arabic]]. (In the case of Moroccan Arabic, the letter {{Script/Arabic|[[ڜ]]}} is used instead to transliterate the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] {{IPAslink|t͡ʃ}} sound;<ref>José de Lerchundi: [https://digibug.ugr.es/bitstream/handle/10481/7866/b-017-316%20%281%29.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y ''Rudimentos del árabe vulgar que se habla en el Imperio de Marruecos''], Madrid 1872, S. 5, 26, 95.</ref> this letter derives from ''[[Shin (letter)#Arabic shīn/sīn|šīn]]'' ({{Script/Arabic|ش}}) with an additional three dots below.)
-In Egypt, this letter represents {{IPAblink|ʒ}}, which can be a [[Cluster reduction|reduction]] of {{IPAslink|d͡ʒ}}, It is called ''{{transl|arz|gīm be talat noʾaṭ}}'' ({{lang|arz|جيم بتلات نقط}} "''Gīm'' with three dots") there. In native words, the sound occurs as the voiced allophone of sh.<ref> Wikipedia contributors. "Egyptian Arabic phonology." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 20 Mar. 2022. Web. 5 Apr. 2022.</ref> The {{IPAslink|ʒ}} pronunciation is also proposed for South Arabian minority languages, like [[Mehri language#Writing system|Mehri]] and [[Soqotri language#Writing system|Soqotri]].
+In Egypt, this letter represents {{IPAblink|ʒ}}, which can be a [[Cluster reduction|reduction]] of {{IPAslink|d͡ʒ}}, It is called ''{{transliteration|arz|gīm be talat noʾaṭ}}'' ({{lang|arz|جيم بتلات نقط}} "''Gīm'' with three dots") there. The {{IPAslink|ʒ}} pronunciation is also proposed for South Arabian minority languages, like [[Mehri language#Writing system|Mehri]] and [[Soqotri language#Writing system|Soqotri]].
 In [[Israel]], where official announcements are often trilingual, this letter is used as the letter '''gīm''' on roadsigns to represent {{IPAblink|ɡ}}, when transcribing Hebrew or foreign names of places, since [[Palestinian Arabic|Palestinian]] Arabic does not have a {{IPAslink|g}} in its phonemic inventory. It has also been used as {{IPAslink|g}} in Lebanon for transliteration such as "{{lang|ar|چامبيا}}" (Gambia)<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/adakm/atlasda#page/n385/mode/1up أطلس دول العالم الكبير] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630154707/https://archive.org/stream/adakm/atlasda |date=30 يونيو 2017}}</ref>
@@ Line 28: / Line 29: @@
 ==See also==
-*[[Ve (Arabic)|ڤ - Ve (Arabic)]]
+*[[Ve (Arabic letter)|ڤ - Ve]]
-*[[Pe (Persian)|پ - Pe (Persian)]]
+*[[Pe (Persian letter)|پ - Pe]]
-*[[Gaf|گ - Gāf (Persian)]]
+*[[Gaf|گ - Gaf]]
-*[[Že|ژ - Zhe (Arabic)]]
+*[[Že|ژ - Že]]
 ==References==
@@ Line 37: / Line 38: @@
 [[Category:Persian letters]]
-[[Category:Arabic alphabet]]
+[[Category:Urdu letters]]
+[[Category:Arabic script]]