Marar (caste): Difference between revisions

Marar
Marar
Classification	Temple musicians, Musicians caste
Religions	Hinduism
Land	Indien

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Marar is the name given to the caste of hereditary temple musicians^[1] of Travancore, Cochin and Malabar region in the state of Kerala, whose primary duty was to provide the traditional temple Sopanam music.^{[citation needed]} They belong to the Ambalavasi caste.^[1]^[2]

Etymology

The word 'Marar' comes from the tamil word 'mar', which means 'beat' and marar meaning the one who beat instruments like chenda and idakka in temples.

Men of marar caste are called Mārar and ladies are called Mārasyar or Amma.

Paani, the indispensable part of high tantric rituals of temple such as ulsavabali, sreeboothabali etc. is another main hereditory temple profession of Marar.^[3] They were also known for their playing of chenda (valam thala represents deva vadyam (usually play inside the nalambalam) and edam thala represents asura vadyam) and idakka^[2] (deva vadyam) in temples^[4]^[5] Sopanadwani^[6] is the monthly publication of Akhila Kerala Marar Kshema Sabha.

Social status

Marar of Kerala maintained a high ritual life akin to Brahmins and other Ambalavasi castes. The social status of Ambalavasi and Marar varies with region.

In North Kerala, they were popularly known as antharala jathikal, with a ritual rank lying between Nairs and Brahmins. They formed Akhila Kerala Marar Maha Sabha for the welfare of Marars.^[7]^[8]

In South Kerala, Marar and Pathamangalakkar, along with other temple-related Ambalavasi castes, were considered as Auxiliary Nair subcaste. Despite being Ambalavasi, they were also known as Nair-Marar, and were part of Akhila Kerala Marar Maha Sabha along with the Nair Service Society.^[9]

Notable People

Peruvanam Kuttan Marar, artist.
K. Karunakaran, ex-chief minister.
Kuttikrishna Marar,writer.
Kizhakkoottu Aniyan Marar, artist.
Aparna B. Marar, classical dancer.
Annamanada Parameswara Marar, artist.
Shadkala Govinda Marar, musician.

References

^ ^a ^b Bodies of Silence, Floods of Nectar: Ritual Music in Contemporary Brahmanical Tantric Temples of Kerala. Yale Journal of Music & Religion: Vol. 7: No. 2, Article 2.
^ ^a ^b "It is God's own instrument". The Hindu. 27 December 2018.
^ https://malayalimanasu.com/us-news/arivinte-muthukal-7/ PMN namboothiri
^ Vishnu, Achutha Menon (2020). "The Rhythmic Structure of Melam". The Chitrolekha Journal on Art and Design. 4 (2): 1–14. doi:10.21659/cjad.42.v4n202. S2CID 242270596.
^ "On a journey with the edakka". 21 May 2015. Retrieved 29 March 2023 – via www.thehindu.com.
^ "SOPANADHWANI". Readwhere - India's Largest Digital Newsstand. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
^ Thurston, Edgar (28 September 2020). Castes and Tribes of Southern India (Complete). Library of Alexandria. ISBN 978-1-4655-8236-2.
^ Kerala Brahmins in Transition: A Study of a Namputiri Family. The Society. 2000. ISBN 978-951-9380-48-3.
^ Thurston, Edgar (28 September 2020). Castes and Tribes of Southern India (Complete). Library of Alexandria. ISBN 978-1-4655-8236-2.

[:1-1] Bodies of Silence, Floods of Nectar: Ritual Music in Contemporary Brahmanical Tantric Temples of Kerala. Yale Journal of Music & Religion: Vol. 7: No. 2, Article 2.

[:2-2] "It is God's own instrument". The Hindu. 27 December 2018.

[3] ttps://malayalimanasu.com/us-news/arivinte-muthukal-7/ PMN namboothiri

[4] Vishnu, Achutha Menon (2020). "The Rhythmic Structure of Melam". The Chitrolekha Journal on Art and Design. 4 (2): 1–14. doi:10.21659/cjad.42.v4n202. S2CID 242270596.

[5] "On a journey with the edakka". 21 May 2015. Retrieved 29 March 2023 – via www.thehindu.com.

[6] "SOPANADHWANI". Readwhere - India's Largest Digital Newsstand. Retrieved 28 October 2022.

[7] Thurston, Edgar (28 September 2020). Castes and Tribes of Southern India (Complete). Library of Alexandria. ISBN 978-1-4655-8236-2.

[8] Kerala Brahmins in Transition: A Study of a Namputiri Family. The Society. 2000. ISBN 978-951-9380-48-3.

[9] Thurston, Edgar (28 September 2020). Castes and Tribes of Southern India (Complete). Library of Alexandria. ISBN 978-1-4655-8236-2.

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+{{Short description|Caste of temple musicians of Kerala, India}}
 {{about|a Hindu caste|the UAE tribe namesake|Marar (tribe)|the place namesake|Marar, Ramgarh|other uses|Marar (disambiguation)}}
 {{more citations needed|date=May 2011}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
 {{infobox caste
 | caste_name     = Marar
@@ Line 10: / Line 9: @@
 | country        = India
 }}
-'''Marar''', ({{lang-ml|മാരാർ}}; [[IAST]]:Mārār), is the name given to the caste of hereditary temple musicians<ref name=":1">Bodies of Silence, Floods of Nectar: Ritual Music in Contemporary Brahmanical  Tantric Temples  of Kerala. Yale Journal of Music & Religion: Vol. 7: No. 2, Article 2.</ref> of [[Travancore]], [[Kingdom of Cochin|Cochin]] and [[Malabar District|Malabar]] region in the state of [[Kerala]], whose primary duty was to provide the traditional temple ''[[Sopanam]]'' music.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}} .They live in the vicinity of temples; and are related with the temples and temple customs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thurston |first=Edgar |title=Castes and Tribes of Southern India}}</ref> They belong to [[Ambalavasi|ambalavasi caste]]<ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=April 2019 |title=THE INDIGENOUS MUSIC OF KERALA 'SOPANA SANGEETHAM |url=https://anandfoundation.com/indigenous-music-kerala-sopana-sangeetham/}}</ref> <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/idakka-the-folk-instrument-of-kerala/article25840844.ece | title=It is God's own instrument | newspaper=The Hindu | date=27 December 2018 }}</ref>(Forward caste).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web |first1=malayalasangeetham |title=Articles On Shadkala Govinda Marar and Sopanasangeetham |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/20480169/Articles-on-Shadkala-Govinda-Marar-am-Sopanasangeetham |website=scribd.com/}}</ref> Marar ladies are called Marasyar.
+'''Marar''' is the name given to the caste of hereditary temple musicians<ref name=":1">Bodies of Silence, Floods of Nectar: Ritual Music in Contemporary Brahmanical  Tantric Temples  of Kerala. Yale Journal of Music & Religion: Vol. 7: No. 2, Article 2.</ref> of [[Travancore]], [[Kingdom of Cochin|Cochin]] and [[Malabar District|Malabar]] region in the state of [[Kerala]], whose primary duty was to provide the traditional temple ''[[Sopanam]]'' music.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}} They belong to the [[Ambalavasi]] caste.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/idakka-the-folk-instrument-of-kerala/article25840844.ece | title=It is God's own instrument | newspaper=The Hindu | date=27 December 2018 }}</ref>
+== Etymology ==
+The word 'Marar' comes from the tamil word 'mar', which means 'beat' and marar meaning the one who beat instruments like [[chenda]] and [[idakka]] in temples.
+Men of marar caste are called Mārar and ladies are called Mārasyar or Amma.
+Paani, the indispensable part of high tantric rituals of temple such as ulsavabali, sreeboothabali etc. is  another main hereditory temple profession of Marar.<ref>https://malayalimanasu.com/us-news/arivinte-muthukal-7/ PMN namboothiri</ref> They were also known for their playing of chenda (valam thala represents deva vadyam (usually play inside the nalambalam) and edam thala represents asura vadyam) and idakka<ref name=":2" /> (deva vadyam) in temples<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vishnu |first1=Achutha Menon |date=2020 |title=The Rhythmic Structure of Melam |journal=The Chitrolekha Journal on Art and Design |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.21659/cjad.42.v4n202 |s2cid=242270596 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2015 |title=On a journey with the edakka |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/tripunithura-krishnadas-ensured-edakka-is-heard-on-new-platforms/article7226962.ece |accessdate=29 March 2023 |via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> ''Sopanadwani''<ref>{{Cite web |title=SOPANADHWANI |url=https://www.readwhere.com/magazine/marar-sabha/SOPANADHWANI/32407 |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=Readwhere - India's Largest Digital Newsstand}}</ref> is the monthly publication of ''Akhila Kerala Marar Kshema Sabha''.
+== Social status ==
+Marar of Kerala maintained a high ritual life akin to [[Malayali Brahmin|Brahmins]] and other [[Ambalavasi]] castes. The social status of Ambalavasi and Marar varies with region.
+In [[Malabar District|North Kerala]], they were popularly known as antharala jathikal, with a ritual rank lying between [[Nair]]s and Brahmins. They formed [[Akhila Kerala Marar Maha Sabha.|Akhila Kerala Marar Maha Sabha]] for the welfare of Marars.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thurston |first=Edgar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t6gm2K6VMwAC&dq=Travancore%2C+at+any+rate%2C+the+N%C4%81yars+are+considered+to+be+higher+in+the+social+scale+than+the+M%C4%81r%C4%81ns.&pg=PT1537 |title=Castes and Tribes of Southern India (Complete) |date=2020-09-28 |publisher=Library of Alexandria |isbn=978-1-4655-8236-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Aj1ZAAAAMAAJ&q=M%C4%81r%C4%81ns |title=Kerala Brahmins in Transition: A Study of a Namputiri Family |date=2000 |publisher=The Society |isbn=978-951-9380-48-3 |language=en}}</ref>
-Paani, the indispensable part of high tantric rituals of temple such as ulsavabali, sreeboothabali etc. is  another main hereditory temple profession of marar.<ref>kshethra chaithanya rahasyam, 1988, madhav. kerala kshethra samparakshana samithi</ref><ref>https://malayalimanasu.com/us-news/arivinte-muthukal-7/ PMN namboothiri</ref> They were also known for their playing of [[chenda]] (valam thala reprasents deva vadyam (usually play inside the nalambalam) and edam thala reprasents asura vadyam) and [[idakka]]<ref>Sopana sangeetham, Ooramana Rajendra marar</ref> <ref name=":2" />(deva vadyam) in temples<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vishnu |first1=Achutha Menon |title=The Rhythmic Structure of Melam |journal=The Chitrolekha Journal on Art and Design |date=2020 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.21659/cjad.42.v4n202 |s2cid=242270596 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=On a journey with the edakka |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/tripunithura-krishnadas-ensured-edakka-is-heard-on-new-platforms/article7226962.ece}}</ref> <ref>http://hinduwayoflife2016.blogspot.com/2018/04/blog-post_14.html-</ref>''. Sopanadwani'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=SOPANADHWANI |url=https://www.readwhere.com/magazine/marar-sabha/SOPANADHWANI/32407 |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=Readwhere - India's Largest Digital Newsstand. |language=en-US}}</ref>is the monthly publication of ''Akhila Kerala Marar Kshema Sabha''. Marars were considered as antharala jathikal (between brahmin and Sudra)<ref>Keralolpathi</ref><ref>Kerala mahatmyam</ref>
+In [[Travancore|South Kerala]], Marar and Pathamangalakkar, along with other temple-related Ambalavasi castes, were considered as Auxiliary Nair subcaste. Despite being Ambalavasi, they were also known as Nair-Marar, and were part of Akhila Kerala Marar Maha Sabha along with the [[Nair Service Society]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thurston |first=Edgar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t6gm2K6VMwAC&dq=Travancore%2C+at+any+rate%2C+the+N%C4%81yars+are+considered+to+be+higher+in+the+social+scale+than+the+M%C4%81r%C4%81ns.&pg=PT1537 |title=Castes and Tribes of Southern India (Complete) |date=2020-09-28 |publisher=Library of Alexandria |isbn=978-1-4655-8236-2 |language=en}}</ref>
-==Customs and Temple arts==
-==See also==
+== Notable People ==
+* [[Peruvanam Kuttan Marar]], artist.
-*[[Ambalavasi]]
+* [[K. Karunakaran]], ex-chief minister.
+* [[Kuttikrishna Marar]],writer.
+* [[Kizhakkoottu Aniyan Marar]], artist.
+* [[Aparna B. Marar]], classical dancer.
+* [[Annamanada Parameswara Marar]], artist.
+* [[Shadkala Govinda Marar]], musician.
+*
 ==References==