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Men of marar caste are called Mārar and ladies are called Mārasyar or Amma. |
Men of marar caste are called Mārar and ladies are called Mārasyar or Amma. |
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Paani, the indispensable part of high tantric rituals of temple such as ulsavabali, sreeboothabali etc. is another main hereditory temple profession of Marar.<ref>https://malayalimanasu.com/us-news/arivinte-muthukal-7/ PMN namboothiri</ref> They were also known for their playing of chenda (valam thala represents deva vadyam (usually play inside the nalambalam) and edam thala represents asura vadyam) and idakka<ref name=": |
Paani, the indispensable part of high tantric rituals of temple such as ulsavabali, sreeboothabali etc. is another main hereditory temple profession of Marar.<ref>https://malayalimanasu.com/us-news/arivinte-muthukal-7/ PMN namboothiri</ref> They were also known for their playing of chenda (valam thala represents deva vadyam (usually play inside the nalambalam) and edam thala represents asura vadyam) and idakka<ref name=":2" /> (deva vadyam) in temples<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vishnu |first1=Achutha Menon |date=2020 |title=The Rhythmic Structure of Melam |journal=The Chitrolekha Journal on Art and Design |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.21659/cjad.42.v4n202 |s2cid=242270596 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2015 |title=On a journey with the edakka |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/tripunithura-krishnadas-ensured-edakka-is-heard-on-new-platforms/article7226962.ece |accessdate=29 March 2023 |via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> ''Sopanadwani''<ref>{{Cite web |title=SOPANADHWANI |url=https://www.readwhere.com/magazine/marar-sabha/SOPANADHWANI/32407 |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=Readwhere - India's Largest Digital Newsstand}}</ref> is the monthly publication of ''Akhila Kerala Marar Kshema Sabha''. |
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== Social status == |
== Social status == |
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Marar of Kerala maintained a high ritual life akin to [[Malayali Brahmin|Brahmins]] and other [[Ambalavasi]] castes. The social status of Ambalavasi and Marar varies with region. |
Marar of Kerala maintained a high ritual life akin to [[Malayali Brahmin|Brahmins]] and other [[Ambalavasi]] castes. The social status of Ambalavasi and Marar varies with region. |
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In [[Malabar District|North Kerala]], they were popularly known as antharala jathikal, with a ritual rank lying between [[Nair |
In [[Malabar District|North Kerala]], they were popularly known as antharala jathikal, with a ritual rank lying between [[Nair]]s and Brahmins. They formed [[Akhila Kerala Marar Maha Sabha.|Akhila Kerala Marar Maha Sabha]] for the welfare of Marars.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thurston |first=Edgar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t6gm2K6VMwAC&dq=Travancore%2C+at+any+rate%2C+the+N%C4%81yars+are+considered+to+be+higher+in+the+social+scale+than+the+M%C4%81r%C4%81ns.&pg=PT1537 |title=Castes and Tribes of Southern India (Complete) |date=2020-09-28 |publisher=Library of Alexandria |isbn=978-1-4655-8236-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Aj1ZAAAAMAAJ&q=M%C4%81r%C4%81ns |title=Kerala Brahmins in Transition: A Study of a Namputiri Family |date=2000 |publisher=The Society |isbn=978-951-9380-48-3 |language=en}}</ref> |
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In [[Travancore|South Kerala]], Marar and Pathamangalakkar, along with other temple-related Ambalavasi castes, were considered as Auxiliary Nair subcaste. Despite being Ambalavasi, they were also known as Nair-Marar, and were part of Akhila Kerala Marar Maha Sabha along with the [[Nair Service Society]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thurston |first=Edgar |url=https://books.google. |
In [[Travancore|South Kerala]], Marar and Pathamangalakkar, along with other temple-related Ambalavasi castes, were considered as Auxiliary Nair subcaste. Despite being Ambalavasi, they were also known as Nair-Marar, and were part of Akhila Kerala Marar Maha Sabha along with the [[Nair Service Society]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thurston |first=Edgar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t6gm2K6VMwAC&dq=Travancore%2C+at+any+rate%2C+the+N%C4%81yars+are+considered+to+be+higher+in+the+social+scale+than+the+M%C4%81r%C4%81ns.&pg=PT1537 |title=Castes and Tribes of Southern India (Complete) |date=2020-09-28 |publisher=Library of Alexandria |isbn=978-1-4655-8236-2 |language=en}}</ref> |
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== Notable People == |
== Notable People == |
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* [[Peruvanam Kuttan Marar]], artist. |
* [[Peruvanam Kuttan Marar]], artist. |
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* [[K. Karunakaran]], ex-chief minister. |
* [[K. Karunakaran]], ex-chief minister. |
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* [[Annamanada Parameswara Marar]], artist. |
* [[Annamanada Parameswara Marar]], artist. |
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* [[Shadkala Govinda Marar]], musician. |
* [[Shadkala Govinda Marar]], musician. |
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* |
* |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Latest revision as of 22:03, 11 July 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2011) |
| Marar | |
|---|---|
| Classification | Temple musicians, Musicians caste |
| Religions | Hinduism |
| Land | Indien |
Marar is the name given to the caste of hereditary temple musicians[1] of Travancore, Cochin and Malabar region in the state of Kerala, whose primary duty was to provide the traditional temple Sopanam music.[citation needed] They belong to the Ambalavasi caste.[1][2]
Etymology
[edit]The word 'Marar' comes from the tamil word 'mar', which means 'beat' and marar meaning the one who beat instruments like chenda and idakka in temples.
Men of marar caste are called Mārar and ladies are called Mārasyar or Amma.
Paani, the indispensable part of high tantric rituals of temple such as ulsavabali, sreeboothabali etc. is another main hereditory temple profession of Marar.[3] They were also known for their playing of chenda (valam thala represents deva vadyam (usually play inside the nalambalam) and edam thala represents asura vadyam) and idakka[2] (deva vadyam) in temples[4][5] Sopanadwani[6] is the monthly publication of Akhila Kerala Marar Kshema Sabha.
Social status
[edit]Marar of Kerala maintained a high ritual life akin to Brahmins and other Ambalavasi castes. The social status of Ambalavasi and Marar varies with region.
In North Kerala, they were popularly known as antharala jathikal, with a ritual rank lying between Nairs and Brahmins. They formed Akhila Kerala Marar Maha Sabha for the welfare of Marars.[7][8]
In South Kerala, Marar and Pathamangalakkar, along with other temple-related Ambalavasi castes, were considered as Auxiliary Nair subcaste. Despite being Ambalavasi, they were also known as Nair-Marar, and were part of Akhila Kerala Marar Maha Sabha along with the Nair Service Society.[9]
Notable People
[edit]- Peruvanam Kuttan Marar, artist.
- K. Karunakaran, ex-chief minister.
- Kuttikrishna Marar,writer.
- Kizhakkoottu Aniyan Marar, artist.
- Aparna B. Marar, classical dancer.
- Annamanada Parameswara Marar, artist.
- Shadkala Govinda Marar, musician.
References
[edit]- ^ a b Bodies of Silence, Floods of Nectar: Ritual Music in Contemporary Brahmanical Tantric Temples of Kerala. Yale Journal of Music & Religion: Vol. 7: No. 2, Article 2.
- ^ a b "It is God's own instrument". The Hindu. 27 December 2018.
- ^ https://malayalimanasu.com/us-news/arivinte-muthukal-7/ PMN namboothiri
- ^ Vishnu, Achutha Menon (2020). "The Rhythmic Structure of Melam". The Chitrolekha Journal on Art and Design. 4 (2): 1–14. doi:10.21659/cjad.42.v4n202. S2CID 242270596.
- ^ "On a journey with the edakka". 21 May 2015. Retrieved 29 March 2023 – via www.thehindu.com.
- ^ "SOPANADHWANI". Readwhere - India's Largest Digital Newsstand. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
- ^ Thurston, Edgar (28 September 2020). Castes and Tribes of Southern India (Complete). Library of Alexandria. ISBN 978-1-4655-8236-2.
- ^ Kerala Brahmins in Transition: A Study of a Namputiri Family. The Society. 2000. ISBN 978-951-9380-48-3.
- ^ Thurston, Edgar (28 September 2020). Castes and Tribes of Southern India (Complete). Library of Alexandria. ISBN 978-1-4655-8236-2.