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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
[[File:Maasai people and a tourist lighting a fire in a Maasai village on the A109 road, Kenya.jpg|thumb|[[Cultural tourism]] in [[Kenya]] in 2005]]
[[File:Maasai people and a tourist lighting a fire in a Maasai village on the A109 road, Kenya.jpg|thumb|[[Cultural tourism]] in [[Kenya]] in 2005]]
[[File:Roman Ruins In The east Region Of Algeria.jpg|thumb|Roman Ruins In The east Region Of Algeria]]
[[File:Roman Ruins In The east Region Of Algeria.jpg|thumb|Roman Ruins In The east Region Of Algeria]]
[[Tourism]] is an important [[Economy of Africa|economic sector]] for many countries in [[Africa]]. There are many countries that benefit heavily from [[tourism]] like [[Uganda]], [[Algeria]], [[Egypt]], [[South Africa]], [[Kenya]], [[Morocco]], [[Tunisia]], [[Ghana]] and [[Tanzania]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=WhiteOrange|title=Homepage|url=https://www.ghana.travel/|access-date=2020-09-03|website=Ghana Tourism Authourity|language=en}}</ref> The touristic particularity of [[Africa]] lies in the wide variety of points of interest, diversity and [[Geography of Africa|multitudes of landscapes]] as well as the [[Cultural heritage|rich cultural heritage]]. Also, an [[Ecotourism|ecotourist industry]] is present in some [[List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa|African countries]] (e.g., [[Ecotourism in South Africa|South Africa]], [[Ecotourism in Kenya|Kenya]], [[Tourism_in_Namibia|Namibia]], [[Tourism in Rwanda|Rwanda]], [[Tourism in Zambia|Zambia]], [[Tourism in Uganda|Uganda]], [[Ecotourism in Mozambique|Mozambique]], etc.).<ref>[https://blogs.worldbank.org/nasikiliza/africa-can-benefit-from-nature-based-tourism-in-a-sustainable-manner Africa can Benefit from Nature-based Tourism in a Sustainable Manner]</ref>
[[Tourism]] is an important [[Economy of Africa|economic sector]] for many countries in [[Africa]]. There are many countries that benefit heavily from [[tourism]] like [[Uganda]], [[Algeria]], [[Egypt]], [[South Africa]], [[Kenya]], [[Morocco]], [[Tunisia]], [[Ghana]] and [[Tanzania]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=WhiteOrange|title=Homepage|url=https://www.ghana.travel/|access-date=2020-09-03|website=Ghana Tourism Authourity|language=en}}</ref> The touristic particularity of [[Africa]] lies in the wide variety of points of interest, diversity and [[Geography of Africa|multitudes of landscapes]] as well as the [[Cultural heritage|rich cultural heritage]]. Also, an [[Ecotourism|ecotourist industry]] is present in some [[List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa|African countries]] (e.g., [[Ecotourism in South Africa|South Africa]], [[Ecotourism in Kenya|Kenya]], [[Tourism in Namibia|Namibia]], [[Tourism in Rwanda|Rwanda]], [[Tourism in Zambia|Zambia]], [[Tourism in Uganda|Uganda]], [[Ecotourism in Mozambique|Mozambique]], etc.).<ref>[https://blogs.worldbank.org/nasikiliza/africa-can-benefit-from-nature-based-tourism-in-a-sustainable-manner Africa can Benefit from Nature-based Tourism in a Sustainable Manner]</ref>


==Overview==
==Overview==
Countries in Africa started investing in their tourism markets since the late 1960s and 1970s and are at different levels of tourism development. Countries in the continent of Africa are typically categorized using Butler's 1980 Tourist Area Life Cycle (TALC) model which is a common model that describes six specific stages of tourism development for all countries worldwide: exploration, involvement, development, consolidation and stagnation. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://tourismteacher.com/butlers-tourism-area-life-cycle-model/ | title=Butler's Tourism Area Life Cycle Model: A simple explanation 124; Tourism Teacher }}</ref>
Countries in Africa started investing in their tourism markets since the late 1960s and 1970s and are at different levels of tourism development. Countries in the continent of Africa are typically categorized using Butler's 1980 Tourist Area Life Cycle (TALC) model which is a common model that describes six specific stages of tourism development for all countries worldwide: exploration, involvement, development, consolidation and stagnation.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://tourismteacher.com/butlers-tourism-area-life-cycle-model/ | title=Butler's Tourism Area Life Cycle Model: A simple explanation &#124; Tourism Teacher }}</ref>


However, a World Bank study in 2011 classified also African countries in to 4 categories based on performance. These performance groupings were based on indicators such business environment; tourism regulation, infrastructure, resources, tourism income, number of visitors and the potential growth of the market.
However, a World Bank study in 2011 classified also African countries in to 4 categories based on performance. These performance groupings were based on indicators such business environment; tourism regulation, infrastructure, resources, tourism income, number of visitors and the potential growth of the market.


*'''“pre-emergent”''': Somalia, Sudan, Eritrea, Comoros, Togo, Guinea, Chad, Guinea Bissau, Niger, Central African Rep., Congo D.R., Liberia, Somalia, Sudan, Congo, Rep., Equatorial Guinea
*'''“pre-emergent”''': Somalia, Sudan, Eritrea, Comoros, Togo, Guinea, Chad, Guinea Bissau, Niger, Central African Rep., Congo D.R., Liberia, Congo Rep., Equatorial Guinea
*'''“potential”''': Madagascar, Ethiopia, and Gabon, Mauritania, Mali, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Benin, São Tomé and Príncipe, Sierra Leone, Burundi, Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria, Lesotho, Angola, Swaziland,Cameroon, and Gabon
*'''“potential”''': Madagascar, Ethiopia, Mauritania, Mali, Benin, São Tomé and Príncipe, Sierra Leone, Burundi, Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria, Lesotho, Angola, Swaziland, Cameroon, and Gabon
*'''“emerging”''': Rwanda and the Seychelles, Zambia, Uganda, Rwanda, The Gambia, Senegal, Zimbabwe, Burkina Faso, Malawi, and Mozambique, Seycehlles
*'''“emerging”''': Seychelles, Zambia, Uganda, Rwanda, The Gambia, Senegal, Zimbabwe, Burkina Faso, Malawi, and Mozambique
''“consolidating”''': Morocco, South Africa, Mauritius, Tanzania, Kenya, Cape Verde, Ghana, Namibia, Botswana tourism destinations.<ref> {{Cite web |last=Signé |first=Landry |date=2019-03-05 |title=Africa’s tourism: A global destination for investment and entrepreneurship |url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2019/03/05/africas-tourism-a-global-destination-for-investment-and-entrepreneurship/ |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=Brookings |language=en-US}}</ref><ref> World Bank, 2011, The Africa Region Tourism Strategy: Transformation through Tourism, https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/883cf00a-5c7d-5d41-b91a-ddaa24e050ea/content </ref>
*'''“consolidating”''': Morocco, South Africa, Mauritius, Tanzania, Kenya, Cape Verde, Ghana, Namibia, Botswana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Signé |first=Landry |date=2019-03-05 |title=Africa's tourism: A global destination for investment and entrepreneurship |url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2019/03/05/africas-tourism-a-global-destination-for-investment-and-entrepreneurship/ |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=Brookings |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>World Bank, 2011, The Africa Region Tourism Strategy: Transformation through Tourism, https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/883cf00a-5c7d-5d41-b91a-ddaa24e050ea/content</ref>


== Tourism Sectors ==
== Tourism sectors ==


=== Ecotourism ===
=== Ecotourism ===
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[[File:Map latitudinal gradient of biodiversity mannion 2014.png|thumb|upright=1.5|Map latitudinal gradient of biodiversity (Mannion 2014), indicating the biodiversity richness of the African continent]]
[[File:Map latitudinal gradient of biodiversity mannion 2014.png|thumb|upright=1.5|Map latitudinal gradient of biodiversity (Mannion 2014), indicating the biodiversity richness of the African continent]]


<div>[[Ecotourism]] is the concept of responsible trips and travel to areas that might be protected and especially fragile. The intent is to create as little detrimental impact on the [[Natural environment|environment]] as possible. In some locations (such as [[Gorongosa National Park]]) where the [[wildlife]] has previously been decimated, [[Rewilding (conservation biology)|rewilding]] has been done and much of the [[wildlife]] has been brought back (along with [[vegetation]], thus allowing the [[Natural environment|environment]] to [[Carbon sequestration|sequester more carbon]] then what was previously the case). This return of [[wildlife]] has created [[tourism]] opportunities ([[wildlife]] viewing, [[safari]] trips) allowing to bring in financial [[revenue]]. It also requires personnel such as [[park ranger]]s, to be present, thus creating local [[employment]] opportunities.</div><div>
[[Ecotourism]] is the concept of responsible trips and travel to areas that might be protected and especially fragile. The intent is to create as little detrimental impact on the [[Natural environment|environment]] as possible. In some locations (such as [[Gorongosa National Park]]) where the [[wildlife]] has previously been decimated, [[Rewilding (conservation biology)|rewilding]] has been done and much of the [[wildlife]] has been brought back (along with [[vegetation]], thus allowing the [[Natural environment|environment]] to [[Carbon sequestration|sequester more carbon]] then what was previously the case). This return of [[wildlife]] has created [[tourism]] opportunities ([[wildlife]] viewing, [[safari]] trips) allowing to bring in financial [[revenue]]. It also requires personnel such as [[park ranger]]s, to be present, thus creating local [[employment]] opportunities.
=== Historical Sites and Monuments ===
</div><div>Africa has a great historical architectural structures that survived over several years from ancient civilizations and other structures that are more recent. Ancient historical sites include the [[Pyramids]] and temples in both [[Egypt]] and [[Sudan]]; The [[Obelisk of Axum]] from Ethiopia; the ruins of ancient Zimbabwe's trading city, [[Great Zimbabwe]]; and the Palace of [[Fasil Ghebbi|Emperor Fasilides]] in Ethiopia. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20160104-the-pyramids-few-tourists-have-seen | title=The pyramids few tourists have seen }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/sudan-archaeology-pyramdis-kush-nubia | title=These mighty pyramids were built by one of Africa's earliest civilizations | website=[[National Geographic Society]] | date=28 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/apr/20/italy.ethiopia | title=Obelisk returned to Ethiopia after 68 years | newspaper=The Guardian | date=20 April 2005 }}</ref><ref> https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/116 https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/364/</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.siyabona.com/a-travel-guide-to-great-zimbabwe.html | title=Zimbabwe Travel Guide - A Travel Guide to Great Zimbabwe }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/facts-lifehacks/463019-15-famous-buildings-africa-showcase-continents-iconic-architecture/ | title=15 famous buildings in Africa that showcase continent's iconic architecture | date=27 August 2022 }}</ref>
More recent structures that attract tourism includes the old slave castles in Ghana, [[Elmina Castle]] and [[Cape Coast Castle]], which are also sited for heritage tourism. It also includes the highest monument in the world, the [[African Renaissance Monument]] in Senegal.<ref> {{Cite web |last=Underwood |first=Joseph L. |date=2022-09-26 |title=Authorship & Authority: The Contested Origins of Dakar’s African Renaissance Monument |url=https://www.artnews.com/art-in-america/features/african-renaissance-monument-dakar-1234640489/ |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=ARTnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-08-20 |title=Ghana cashes in on slave heritage tourism |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-africa-slavery-tourism-idUKKCN1VA11V |access-date=2023-05-09}} </ref>
</div>


=== Historical sites and monuments ===
<div>
Africa has many historic structures that have survived from ancient civilizations as well as more recent structures of interest to tourists. Ancient historical sites include the [[Pyramids]] and temples in both [[Egypt]] and [[Sudan]]; The [[Obelisk of Axum]] from Ethiopia; the ruins of ancient Zimbabwe's trading city, [[Great Zimbabwe]]; and the Palace of [[Fasil Ghebbi|Emperor Fasilides]] in Ethiopia.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20160104-the-pyramids-few-tourists-have-seen | title=The pyramids few tourists have seen }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/sudan-archaeology-pyramdis-kush-nubia | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228150606/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/sudan-archaeology-pyramdis-kush-nubia | url-status=dead | archive-date=December 28, 2022 | title=These mighty pyramids were built by one of Africa's earliest civilizations | website=[[National Geographic Society]] | date=28 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/apr/20/italy.ethiopia | title=Obelisk returned to Ethiopia after 68 years | newspaper=The Guardian | date=20 April 2005 }}</ref><ref>https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/116 https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/364/</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.siyabona.com/a-travel-guide-to-great-zimbabwe.html | title=Zimbabwe Travel Guide - A Travel Guide to Great Zimbabwe }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/facts-lifehacks/463019-15-famous-buildings-africa-showcase-continents-iconic-architecture/ | title=15 famous buildings in Africa that showcase continent's iconic architecture | date=27 August 2022 }}</ref>
===Marijuana Tourism ===
More recent structures that attract tourism includes the old slave castles in Ghana, [[Elmina Castle]] and [[Cape Coast Castle]], which are also sited for heritage tourism. It also includes the highest monument in the world, the [[African Renaissance Monument]] in Senegal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Underwood |first=Joseph L. |date=2022-09-26 |title=Authorship & Authority: The Contested Origins of Dakar's African Renaissance Monument |url=https://www.artnews.com/art-in-america/features/african-renaissance-monument-dakar-1234640489/ |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=ARTnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-08-20 |title=Ghana cashes in on slave heritage tourism |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-africa-slavery-tourism-idUKKCN1VA11V |access-date=2023-05-09}}</ref>
Africa is home to a large [[marijuana]] industry and is famed for [[Marijuana tourism]] destinations that were part of the African "[[hippie trail]]" which saw many young people in the 1970s and 1960s traveling there for marijuana use, largely in North Africa ([[Morocco]]) but some made it to southern parts of Africa to countries like [[Malawi]]. In more contemporary times, many countries in Africa are still destinations known for their marijuana.<ref>https://www.richardgregory.org.uk/history/hippie-trail.htm </ref><ref> {{Cite web |title=When the Peace Corps Was Young |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/00/06/18/specials/theroux-peace.html |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=archive.nytimes.com}} </ref>
[[South Africa]] is considered the gate way to Africa's marijuana tourism industry due to the popularity of "[[Cannabis in South Africa|Durban Poison]]" Marijuana there is legal for private recreational use<ref> {{Cite web |last=Week |first=Africa Travel |date=2022-12-02 |title=High time for cannabis tourism to take off in Africa |url=https://atwconnect.com/high-time-for-cannabis-tourism-to-take-off-in-africa/ |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=Africa Travel Week |language=en-ZA}} </ref><ref> {{Cite web |date=2023-01-18 |title=Demand on the rise for cannabis tourism |url=https://www.tourismupdate.co.za/article/demand-rise-cannabis-tourism |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=Southern & East African Tourism Update |language=en}} </ref> Malawi is another country that is known for its marijuana industry and tourists there are known to shop for marijuana or "[[Malawi Gold]]". The quality of Malawian cannabis has led it to out-perform marijuana sales in other markets that its been introduced in.<ref>https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/business/924968-will-cannabis-legalization-in-malawi-have-positive-impact-on-economy </ref> Morrocco is a country that is also world renowned for its marijuana and attracts tourists in search for its [[Cannabis in Morocco|popular marijuana]].<ref> {{Cite web |last=Sapiens |date=2017-04-12 |title=Inside a Moroccan Marijuana Farm |url=https://www.sapiens.org/culture/moroccan-marijuana-farm-inside/ |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=SAPIENS |language=en-US}}</ref>


=== Medical Tourism ===
===Marijuana tourism ===
Africa is home to a large [[marijuana]] industry{{says who?|date=March 2024}} and is famed for [[Marijuana tourism]] destinations that were part of the African "[[hippie trail]]" which saw many young people in the 1970s and 1960s traveling there for marijuana use, largely in North Africa ([[Morocco]]) but some made it to southern parts of Africa to countries like [[Malawi]]. In more contemporary times, many countries in Africa are still destinations known for their marijuana.<ref>https://www.richardgregory.org.uk/history/hippie-trail.htm</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=When the Peace Corps Was Young |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/00/06/18/specials/theroux-peace.html |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=archive.nytimes.com}}</ref> [[South Africa]] is considered the gate way to Africa's marijuana tourism industry due to the popularity of "[[Cannabis in South Africa|Durban Poison]]" Marijuana there is legal for private recreational use<ref>{{Cite web |last=Week |first=Africa Travel |date=2022-12-02 |title=High time for cannabis tourism to take off in Africa |url=https://atwconnect.com/high-time-for-cannabis-tourism-to-take-off-in-africa/ |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=Africa Travel Week |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-18 |title=Demand on the rise for cannabis tourism |url=https://www.tourismupdate.co.za/article/demand-rise-cannabis-tourism |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=Southern & East African Tourism Update |language=en}}</ref> Malawi is another country that is known for its marijuana industry and tourists there are known to shop for marijuana or "[[Malawi Gold]]". The quality of Malawian cannabis has led it to out-perform marijuana sales in other markets that its been introduced in.<ref>https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/business/924968-will-cannabis-legalization-in-malawi-have-positive-impact-on-economy</ref> Morocco is a country that is also world renowned for its marijuana and attracts tourists in search for its [[Cannabis in Morocco|popular marijuana]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sapiens |date=2017-04-12 |title=Inside a Moroccan Marijuana Farm |url=https://www.sapiens.org/culture/moroccan-marijuana-farm-inside/ |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=SAPIENS |language=en-US}}</ref>
Due to advance in technologies, techniques and best practices and lower costs, Africa has experienced a surge in [[medical tourism]] and health tourism. Countries that are destinations for medical and health tourism packages include Algeria, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania and Tunisia. The top destinations for European visitors include Egypt, Tunisia, and South Africa. South Africa is the top destination for both international tourists and regional tourists from other African countries. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.polity.org.za/article/medical-tourism-in-africa-sun-sea-scalpel-and-safari-2013-08-26 | title=Medical tourism in Africa: Sun, sea, scalpel and safari }}</ref> <ref> Mogaka JJ, Tsoka-Gwegweni JM, Mupara LM, Mashamba-Thompson T. Role, structure and effects of medical tourism in Africa: a systematic scoping review protocol. BMJ Open. 2017 Jun 23;7(6):e013021. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013021. PMID: 28645947; PMCID: PMC5541447. </ref>


=== Tea Tourism ===
=== Medical tourism ===
Due to advance in technologies, techniques and practices and lower costs, Africa has experienced a surge in [[medical tourism]] and health tourism. Countries that are destinations for medical and health tourism packages include Algeria, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania and Tunisia. The top destinations for European visitors include Egypt, Tunisia, and South Africa. South Africa is the top destination for both international tourists and regional tourists from other African countries.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.polity.org.za/article/medical-tourism-in-africa-sun-sea-scalpel-and-safari-2013-08-26 | title=Medical tourism in Africa: Sun, sea, scalpel and safari }}</ref><ref>Mogaka JJ, Tsoka-Gwegweni JM, Mupara LM, Mashamba-Thompson T. Role, structure and effects of medical tourism in Africa: a systematic scoping review protocol. BMJ Open. 2017 Jun 23;7(6):e013021. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013021. PMID 28645947; PMCID: PMC5541447.</ref>


=== Tea tourism ===
African has a rich history of tea cultivation which is giving rise to several countries having a growing tea tourism destinations. Malawi was the first country to grow tea in Africa and has many tea estates that are decades ole. Countries like Morocco, Kenya, Malawi, South Africa are large tea-producing countries which are frequented by tea tourists. South Africa's tea tourism market is focused on rooibos tea. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://wander-lush.org/tea-tourism-travel/ | title=20+ Best Destinations for Tea Tourism Around the World }}</ref> <ref>Phori, Madiseng & Mathole, Lebo & Henama, Unathi & Mokoena, Lehlohonolo. (2022). Tea tourism in the global south: An African perspective.</ref>

Africa has a rich history of tea cultivation which has given rise to several countries becoming growing tea tourism destinations. Malawi was the first country to grow tea in Africa, and has many tea estates that are decades old. Countries like Morocco, Kenya, Malawi, South Africa are large tea-producing countries which are frequented by tea tourists. South Africa's tea tourism market is focused on rooibos tea.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://wander-lush.org/tea-tourism-travel/ | title=20+ Best Destinations for Tea Tourism Around the World }}</ref><ref>Phori, Madiseng & Mathole, Lebo & Henama, Unathi & Mokoena, Lehlohonolo. (2022). Tea tourism in the global south: An African perspective.</ref>


==Tourism by arrivals==
==Tourism by arrivals==
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{{Notelist}}
{{Notelist}}


== Visa policies to visit ==
==See also==
{{See also|Travel visa#Visa policies}}
*[[African_Union#Africa-EU_relations|Africa-EU partnership]]: [[sustainable growth]] and jobs
{{Main|African Continental Free Trade Area}}
*[[Climate change in Africa]]
{{Div col}}
*[[Climate change adaptation]]
* [[Visa policy of Algeria|Algeria]]
*[[Eco_hotel#Additional_initiatives|Eco hotel]]
* [[Visa policy of Angola|Angola]]
*[[Economic_Community_of_West_African_States#Tourism|ECOWAS ECOTOUR]]
* [[Visa policy of Benin|Benin]]
*[[Ecosystem restoration]]
* [[Visa policy of Botswana|Botswana]]
*[[European Tourism Manifesto]]
* [[Visa policy of Burkina Faso|Burkina Faso]]
*[[UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration]]
* [[Visa policy of Burundi|Burundi]]
*[[Safari lodge]]
* [[Visa policy of Cameroon|Cameroon]]
* [[Visa policy of Cape Verde|Cape Verde]]
* [[Visa policy of Central African Republic|Central African Republic]]
* [[Visa policy of Chad|Chad]]
* [[Visa policy of Comoros|Comoros]]
* [[Visa policy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
* [[Visa policy of the Republic of the Congo|Republic of the Congo]]
* [[Visa policy of Djibouti|Djibouti]]
* [[Visa policy of Egypt|Egypt]]
* [[Visa policy of Equatorial Guinea|Equatorial Guinea]]
* [[Visa policy of Eritrea|Eritrea]]
* [[Visa policy of Eswatini|Eswatini]]
* [[Visa policy of Ethiopia|Ethiopia]]
* [[Visa policy of Gabon|Gabon]]
* [[Visa policy of Gambia|The Gambia]]
* [[Visa policy of Ghana|Ghana]]
* [[Visa policy of Guinea|Guinea]]
* [[Visa policy of Guinea-Bissau|Guinea-Bissau]]
* [[Visa policy of Ivory Coast|Ivory Coast]]
* [[Visa policy of Kenya|Kenya]]
* [[Visa policy of Lesotho|Lesotho]]
* [[Visa policy of Liberia|Liberia]]
* [[Visa policy of Libya|Libya]]
* [[Visa policy of Madagascar|Madagascar]]
* [[Visa policy of Malawi|Malawi]]
* [[Visa policy of Mali|Mali]]
* [[Visa policy of Mauritania|Mauritania]]
* [[Visa policy of Mauritius|Mauritius]]
* [[Visa policy of Morocco|Morocco]]
* [[Visa policy of Mozambique|Mozambique]]
* [[Visa policy of Namibia|Namibia]]
* [[Visa policy of Niger|Niger]]
* [[Visa policy of Nigeria|Nigeria]]
* [[Visa policy of Rwanda|Rwanda]]
* [[Visa policy of São Tomé and Príncipe|São Tomé and Príncipe]]
* [[Visa policy of Senegal|Senegal]]
* [[Visa policy of Seychelles|Seychelles]]
* [[Visa policy of Sierra Leone|Sierra Leone]]
* [[Visa policy of Somalia|Somalia]]
* [[Visa policy of South Africa|South Africa]]
* [[Visa policy of South Sudan|South Sudan]]
* [[Visa policy of Sudan|Sudan]]
* [[Visa policy of Tanzania|Tanzania]]
* [[Visa policy of Togo|Togo]]
* [[Visa policy of Tunisia|Tunisia]]
* [[Visa policy of Uganda|Uganda]]
* [[Visa policy of Zambia|Zambia]]
* [[Visa policy of Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]]
{{Div col end}}

== See also ==
* [[Economy of Africa]]
* [[Economic Community of West African States#Tourism|ECOWAS ECOTOUR]]
* [[Africa Travel Association]]
* [[African Continental Free Trade Area]]
* [[Rail transport in Africa]]
* [[Single African Air Transport Market]]
* [[CARICOM passport]] (Caribbean Community)
* [[UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration]]
* [[Safari lodge]]
* [[UN Tourism]]


==References==
==References==
{{Wikivoyage|Africa}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Africa}}
{{Commons category-inline|Tourism in Africa}}
* {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Travel_and_Tourism}}
{{Commonscat-inline|Tourism in Africa}}


* [https://www.inspiringvacations.com/south-africa-tours South Africa Tours] - Official travel operator in Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom.
{{Tourism in Africa}}
{{Tourism in Africa}}


Revision as of 04:32, 12 July 2024

Cultural tourism in Kenya in 2005
Roman Ruins In The east Region Of Algeria

Tourism is an important economic sector for many countries in Africa. There are many countries that benefit heavily from tourism like Uganda, Algeria, Egypt, South Africa, Kenya, Morocco, Tunisia, Ghana and Tanzania.[1] The touristic particularity of Africa lies in the wide variety of points of interest, diversity and multitudes of landscapes as well as the rich cultural heritage. Also, an ecotourist industry is present in some African countries (e.g., South Africa, Kenya, Namibia, Rwanda, Zambia, Uganda, Mozambique, etc.).[2]

Übersicht

Countries in Africa started investing in their tourism markets since the late 1960s and 1970s and are at different levels of tourism development. Countries in the continent of Africa are typically categorized using Butler's 1980 Tourist Area Life Cycle (TALC) model which is a common model that describes six specific stages of tourism development for all countries worldwide: exploration, involvement, development, consolidation and stagnation.[3]

However, a World Bank study in 2011 classified also African countries in to 4 categories based on performance. These performance groupings were based on indicators such business environment; tourism regulation, infrastructure, resources, tourism income, number of visitors and the potential growth of the market.

  • “pre-emergent”: Somalia, Sudan, Eritrea, Comoros, Togo, Guinea, Chad, Guinea Bissau, Niger, Central African Rep., Congo D.R., Liberia, Congo Rep., Equatorial Guinea
  • “potential”: Madagascar, Ethiopia, Mauritania, Mali, Benin, São Tomé and Príncipe, Sierra Leone, Burundi, Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria, Lesotho, Angola, Swaziland, Cameroon, and Gabon
  • “emerging”: Seychelles, Zambia, Uganda, Rwanda, The Gambia, Senegal, Zimbabwe, Burkina Faso, Malawi, and Mozambique
  • “consolidating”: Morocco, South Africa, Mauritius, Tanzania, Kenya, Cape Verde, Ghana, Namibia, Botswana.[4][5]

Tourism sectors

Ecotourism

Map latitudinal gradient of biodiversity (Mannion 2014), indicating the biodiversity richness of the African continent

Ecotourism is the concept of responsible trips and travel to areas that might be protected and especially fragile. The intent is to create as little detrimental impact on the environment as possible. In some locations (such as Gorongosa National Park) where the wildlife has previously been decimated, rewilding has been done and much of the wildlife has been brought back (along with vegetation, thus allowing the environment to sequester more carbon then what was previously the case). This return of wildlife has created tourism opportunities (wildlife viewing, safari trips) allowing to bring in financial revenue. It also requires personnel such as park rangers, to be present, thus creating local employment opportunities.

Historical sites and monuments

Africa has many historic structures that have survived from ancient civilizations as well as more recent structures of interest to tourists. Ancient historical sites include the Pyramids and temples in both Egypt and Sudan; The Obelisk of Axum from Ethiopia; the ruins of ancient Zimbabwe's trading city, Great Zimbabwe; and the Palace of Emperor Fasilides in Ethiopia.[6][7][8][9][10][11] More recent structures that attract tourism includes the old slave castles in Ghana, Elmina Castle and Cape Coast Castle, which are also sited for heritage tourism. It also includes the highest monument in the world, the African Renaissance Monument in Senegal.[12][13]

Marijuana tourism

Africa is home to a large marijuana industry[according to whom?] and is famed for Marijuana tourism destinations that were part of the African "hippie trail" which saw many young people in the 1970s and 1960s traveling there for marijuana use, largely in North Africa (Morocco) but some made it to southern parts of Africa to countries like Malawi. In more contemporary times, many countries in Africa are still destinations known for their marijuana.[14][15] South Africa is considered the gate way to Africa's marijuana tourism industry due to the popularity of "Durban Poison" Marijuana there is legal for private recreational use[16][17] Malawi is another country that is known for its marijuana industry and tourists there are known to shop for marijuana or "Malawi Gold". The quality of Malawian cannabis has led it to out-perform marijuana sales in other markets that its been introduced in.[18] Morocco is a country that is also world renowned for its marijuana and attracts tourists in search for its popular marijuana.[19]

Medical tourism

Due to advance in technologies, techniques and practices and lower costs, Africa has experienced a surge in medical tourism and health tourism. Countries that are destinations for medical and health tourism packages include Algeria, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania and Tunisia. The top destinations for European visitors include Egypt, Tunisia, and South Africa. South Africa is the top destination for both international tourists and regional tourists from other African countries.[20][21]

Tea tourism

Africa has a rich history of tea cultivation which has given rise to several countries becoming growing tea tourism destinations. Malawi was the first country to grow tea in Africa, and has many tea estates that are decades old. Countries like Morocco, Kenya, Malawi, South Africa are large tea-producing countries which are frequented by tea tourists. South Africa's tea tourism market is focused on rooibos tea.[22][23]

Tourism by arrivals

All of the data presented here is from the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and from "Reviewing Africa in the Global Tourism Economy."[24] The following table shows the number of arrivals in each country:

Country[a] Arrivals (2015)
 Ägypten 17,443,000
 Angola 210,000
 Botswana 1,559,000
 Burundi 148,000
 Kamerun 210,000
 Kap Verde 198,000
 Democratic Republic of the Congo 61,000
 Dschibuti 30,000
 Algerien 4,244,000
 Eritrea 83,000
 Gambia 111,000
 Guinea 45,000
 Lesotho 304,000
 Mali 143,000
 Mauritius 934,827 (2020)[25]
 Marokko 9,409,000
 São Tomé and Príncipe 11,000
 Senegal 769,000
 Seychellen 129,000
 Sierra Leone 40,000
 Südafrika 7,518,000
 Eswatini 839,000
 Togo 81,000
 Tunesien 6,378,000
 Uganda 1,468,000 (2017)
 Simbabwe 1,559,000

Tourism by receipts

The following map and data depict the income from tourism in US dollar equivalent:

Country[b] Receipts (2020) in US$
 Botswana $562,000,000
 Burundi $2,000,000
 Kap Verde $123,000,000
 Ägypten $16,851,000,000
 Eritrea $66,000,000
 Kenia $879,000,000
 Lesotho $30,000,000
 Malawi $26,000,000
 Marokko $4,617,000,000
 Mosambik $130,000,000
 Namibia $348,000,000
 Réunion $384,000,000
 Seychellen $192,000,000
 Sierra Leone $83,000,000
 Südafrika $7,327,000,000
 Sudan $89,000,000
 Uganda $1,400,000,000
 Tunesien $2,063,000,000
 Tansania $4,468,000,000
 Simbabwe $1,559,000

Notes

  1. ^ No data is available for Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania and Zambia.
  2. ^ No data is available for Algeria, Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Libya, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Togo, Swaziland and Zambia.

Visa policies to visit

See also: Travel visa § Visa policies
Main article: African Continental Free Trade Area

See also

References

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Africa.
  1. ^ WhiteOrange. "Homepage". Ghana Tourism Authourity. Retrieved 2020-09-03.
  2. ^ Africa can Benefit from Nature-based Tourism in a Sustainable Manner
  3. ^ "Butler's Tourism Area Life Cycle Model: A simple explanation | Tourism Teacher".
  4. ^ Signé, Landry (2019-03-05). "Africa's tourism: A global destination for investment and entrepreneurship". Brookings. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
  5. ^ World Bank, 2011, The Africa Region Tourism Strategy: Transformation through Tourism, https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/883cf00a-5c7d-5d41-b91a-ddaa24e050ea/content
  6. ^ "The pyramids few tourists have seen".
  7. ^ "These mighty pyramids were built by one of Africa's earliest civilizations". National Geographic Society. 28 December 2022. Archived from the original on December 28, 2022.
  8. ^ "Obelisk returned to Ethiopia after 68 years". The Guardian. 20 April 2005.
  9. ^ https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/116 https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/364/
  10. ^ "Zimbabwe Travel Guide - A Travel Guide to Great Zimbabwe".
  11. ^ "15 famous buildings in Africa that showcase continent's iconic architecture". 27 August 2022.
  12. ^ Underwood, Joseph L. (2022-09-26). "Authorship & Authority: The Contested Origins of Dakar's African Renaissance Monument". ARTnews.com. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
  13. ^ "Ghana cashes in on slave heritage tourism". Reuters. 2019-08-20. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
  14. ^ https://www.richardgregory.org.uk/history/hippie-trail.htm
  15. ^ "When the Peace Corps Was Young". archive.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
  16. ^ Week, Africa Travel (2022-12-02). "High time for cannabis tourism to take off in Africa". Africa Travel Week. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
  17. ^ "Demand on the rise for cannabis tourism". Southern & East African Tourism Update. 2023-01-18. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
  18. ^ https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/business/924968-will-cannabis-legalization-in-malawi-have-positive-impact-on-economy
  19. ^ Sapiens (2017-04-12). "Inside a Moroccan Marijuana Farm". SAPIENS. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
  20. ^ "Medical tourism in Africa: Sun, sea, scalpel and safari".
  21. ^ Mogaka JJ, Tsoka-Gwegweni JM, Mupara LM, Mashamba-Thompson T. Role, structure and effects of medical tourism in Africa: a systematic scoping review protocol. BMJ Open. 2017 Jun 23;7(6):e013021. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013021. PMID 28645947; PMCID: PMC5541447.
  22. ^ "20+ Best Destinations for Tea Tourism Around the World".
  23. ^ Phori, Madiseng & Mathole, Lebo & Henama, Unathi & Mokoena, Lehlohonolo. (2022). Tea tourism in the global south: An African perspective.
  24. ^ Rogerson, Christian (2017). "Reviewing Africa in the global tourism economy", Vol. 24 No. 3 United Nations World Tourism Organization. September 2017.
  25. ^ "Tourist arrival 2020 (mauritius)" (PDF). Retrieved 7 January 2012.

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