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{{Infobox royalty
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Tauke Khan
| name = Tauke Muhammad Khan <br> {{lang|kk|Тәуке Мұхаммед хан}} <br> {{lang|kk-Arab|تاۋكە مۇحاممەد حان}}
| title = Khan
| title = Khan<br>Khanzada<br>Shah-i-Turan
| image =
| image =
| caption =
| caption =
Line 15: Line 15:
| predecessor = [[Batyr Khan|Bahadur Khan]]
| predecessor = [[Batyr Khan|Bahadur Khan]]
| successor = [[Kaip Khan]]
| successor = [[Kaip Khan]]
| spouse =
| spouse = Salima Zuhra Begum
| issue = [[Bolat Khan]]<br/>[[Sameke Khan]]
| issue = [[Bolat Khan]]<br/>[[Sameke Khan]]
| house = [[House of Borjigin]]
| house = [[House of Borjigin]]
| dynasty = Tore<br/>[[Urus Khan|House of Urus Khan]]
| dynasty = Tore<br/>[[Urus Khan|House of Urus Khan]]
| father = [[Salqam Jangir Khan|Jahangir Khan]]
| father = [[Salqam Jangir Khan|Jahangir Khan]]
| mother = Banu Khanum
| mother = Gulnaz Banu Khanum
| full name = Abū'l-Fath Tauke Mūhammad bin Salqām-Jahangīr Khan
| full name = {{lang|kk-Arab|أبو الفتح طاوق محمد بن سلقم جهانجير خان}} <br>
Abū'l-Fath Tauke Mūhammad bin Salqām-Jahangīr Khan
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
}}
}}
'''Abū'l-Fath Tauke Mūhammad bin Salqām-Jahangīr Khan''', commonly known as '''Tauke Khan''', ({{lang-kk|Táýke Han}}) (1635 – 1715, r. 1680 – 1715)<ref>Erofeeva, 79.</ref> was a [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]] [[Khan (title)|khan]] of the [[Kazakh Khanate]].
'''Abū'l-Fath Tauke Mūhammad bin Salqām-Jahangīr Khan''' ({{lang-kk|Әбілфат Тәуке Мұхаммед бин Салқам-Жаһанғыр хан}}, {{lang|kk-Arab|ٵبىلفات تاۋكە مۇحاممەد بين سالقام-جاھانعىر حان}}, [[romanized]]: ''Äbılfat Täuke Mūhammed bin Salqam-Jahanğyr han'') (1635 – 1715, r. 1680 – 1715)<ref>Erofeeva, 79.</ref> ruled as a [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]] [[Khan (title)|khan]] of the [[Kazakh Khanate]].
In 1652 after the death of his father [[Salqam-Jangir Khan|Jahangir Khan]], the son of [[Esim Khan|Esim Khan]], the ruler of [[Jungars]] Erdeni Batyr had strengthened the military pressure on [[Kazakh Khanate]]. Eventually he died in 1670. Kaldan Boshakty replaced him (1670–1699, in some sources 1670–1697), who was later succeeded by Seban Rabtan (1699–1729). All through these invasions, a weak Kazakh ruler named Bahadur Khan had taken the throne. He was quickly deposed, allowing Tauke Muhammad to take the Kazakh throne.
In 1652 after the death of his father [[Salqam-Jangir Khan|Jahangir Khan]], the ruler of [[Jungars]] Erdeni Batyr had dramatically increased his military pressure on the [[Kazakh Khanate]] in an attempt to conquer it. Eventually, he died in 1670. [[Galdan Boshugtu Khan]] replaced him (1670–1699, in some sources 1670–1697), and was later succeeded by [[Tsewang Rabtan]] (1699–1729). Throughout these invasions, a weak Kazakh ruler named Bahadur Khan had taken the throne. He was quickly deposed by the Kazakhs, allowing Tauke Muhammad to take the Kazakh throne.


The hardest time for the Kazakhs started from 1698. When the Kazakhs divided their khanate into Juzes, maintaining unity became a complicated task. Tauke Muhammad, who remained the khan of all three Juzes, managed to keep the unity of Kazakhs.
The hardest time for the Kazakhs started from 1698, when the Kazakhs divided their khanate into Juzes, as a result maintaining unity became a complicated task. Tauke Muhammad, who remained the khan of all three Juzes, managed to keep the unity of Kazakhs, earning him the honorific title "''Shah-i-Turan''" ([[Persian language|Persian]] for "King of [[Turkestan|Turan]]") like his father before him.

In 1692 Tauke Muhammad connected with [[Peter I of Russia]]. Eventually, the Russian Empire lowered the trade taxes (also known as bazh tax).
In 1710 by uniting 3 juzes in the place Kuntobe (near the city of [[Tashkent]]), Tauke Muhammad fought Jungars in the place named Augyr and gained a victory.
In 1692, Tauke Muhammad connected with [[Peter I of Russia]]. Eventually, the Russian Empire lowered the trade taxes (also known as ''bazh'' tax). In 1710, by uniting 3 juzes in the place Kuntobe (near the city of [[Tashkent]]), Tauke Muhammad fought the Jungars in the place named Augyr and gained a victory over them.


With Tauke Khan's death in 1715,<ref>Erofeeva, 80–81.</ref> the three "jüzes" of the Kazakh Khanate — the Great jüz, the Middle jüz and the Little jüz — were no longer able to pursue a unified political policy. [[Abulkhair Khan|Abu'l Khair Khan]] of the Little jüz was nominally the senior khan of the entire Kazakh Khanate, but in practice each jüz was ruled independently by its own khan.<ref>Viatkin, 154.</ref>
With Tauke Khan's death in 1715,<ref>Erofeeva, 80–81.</ref> the three "jüzes" of the Kazakh Khanate — the Great jüz, the Middle jüz and the Little jüz — were no longer able to pursue a unified political policy. [[Abulkhair Khan|Abu'l Khair Khan]] of the Little jüz was nominally the senior khan of the entire Kazakh Khanate, but in practice each jüz was ruled independently by its own khan.<ref>Viatkin, 154.</ref>


Tauke Khan is also known for refining the Kazakh code of laws, and reissuing it under the title [[Zheti zhargy|"Жеті Жарғі"]] (transliterated, "Jeti Jarg'i" —"Seven Charters").
Tauke Khan is also known for refining the Kazakh code of laws, and reissuing it under the title [[Zheti zhargy|"Жеті Жарғі"]] (transliterated: "Jetı Jarğı" — "Seven Charters").


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
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*{{cite book|last1=Viatkin|first1=M. P.|title=Batyr Srym|date=1947|publisher=Akademiia Nauk SSSR|location=Moscow}}
*{{cite book|last1=Viatkin|first1=M. P.|title=Batyr Srym|date=1947|publisher=Akademiia Nauk SSSR|location=Moscow}}
*Kazakh Khanate is described in historical texts such as the Tarikh-i-Rashidi (1541–1545) by Muhammad Haidar Dughlat, and Zhamigi-at-Tavarikh (1598–1599) by Kadyrgali Kosynuli Zhalayir.
*Kazakh Khanate is described in historical texts such as the Tarikh-i-Rashidi (1541–1545) by Muhammad Haidar Dughlat, and Zhamigi-at-Tavarikh (1598–1599) by Kadyrgali Kosynuli Zhalayir.

*Test materials for History of Kazakhstan


[[Category:Kazakh khans]]
[[Category:Kazakh khans]]

Latest revision as of 08:46, 12 July 2024

Tauke Muhammad Khan
Тәуке Мұхаммед хан
تاۋكە مۇحاممەد حان
Khan
Khanzada
Shah-i-Turan
Khan of the Kazakh Khanate
Reign1680-1715/1718
Coronation1680
PredecessorBahadur Khan
SuccessorKaip Khan
Born1625
Kazakh Khanate
Died1715/1718
Turkistan, Kazakh Khanate
Burial
Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, Turkistan, Kazakh Khanate
SpouseSalima Zuhra Begum
IssueBolat Khan
Sameke Khan
Names
أبو الفتح طاوق محمد بن سلقم جهانجير خان
Abū'l-Fath Tauke Mūhammad bin Salqām-Jahangīr Khan
HouseHouse of Borjigin
DynastyTore
House of Urus Khan
FatherJahangir Khan
MotherGulnaz Banu Khanum
ReligionSunni Islam

Abū'l-Fath Tauke Mūhammad bin Salqām-Jahangīr Khan (Kazakh: Әбілфат Тәуке Мұхаммед бин Салқам-Жаһанғыр хан, ٵبىلفات تاۋكە مۇحاممەد بين سالقام-جاھانعىر حان, romanized: Äbılfat Täuke Mūhammed bin Salqam-Jahanğyr han) (1635 – 1715, r. 1680 – 1715)[1] ruled as a Kazakh khan of the Kazakh Khanate. In 1652 after the death of his father Jahangir Khan, the ruler of Jungars Erdeni Batyr had dramatically increased his military pressure on the Kazakh Khanate in an attempt to conquer it. Eventually, he died in 1670. Galdan Boshugtu Khan replaced him (1670–1699, in some sources 1670–1697), and was later succeeded by Tsewang Rabtan (1699–1729). Throughout these invasions, a weak Kazakh ruler named Bahadur Khan had taken the throne. He was quickly deposed by the Kazakhs, allowing Tauke Muhammad to take the Kazakh throne.

The hardest time for the Kazakhs started from 1698, when the Kazakhs divided their khanate into Juzes, as a result maintaining unity became a complicated task. Tauke Muhammad, who remained the khan of all three Juzes, managed to keep the unity of Kazakhs, earning him the honorific title "Shah-i-Turan" (Persian for "King of Turan") like his father before him.

In 1692, Tauke Muhammad connected with Peter I of Russia. Eventually, the Russian Empire lowered the trade taxes (also known as bazh tax). In 1710, by uniting 3 juzes in the place Kuntobe (near the city of Tashkent), Tauke Muhammad fought the Jungars in the place named Augyr and gained a victory over them.

With Tauke Khan's death in 1715,[2] the three "jüzes" of the Kazakh Khanate — the Great jüz, the Middle jüz and the Little jüz — were no longer able to pursue a unified political policy. Abu'l Khair Khan of the Little jüz was nominally the senior khan of the entire Kazakh Khanate, but in practice each jüz was ruled independently by its own khan.[3]

Tauke Khan is also known for refining the Kazakh code of laws, and reissuing it under the title "Жеті Жарғі" (transliterated: "Jetı Jarğı" — "Seven Charters").

Preceded by
Batyr Khan
 Khan of the Kazakhs
1680–1718 		Succeeded by

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Erofeeva, 79.
  2. ^ Erofeeva, 80–81.
  3. ^ Viatkin, 154.
  • Erofeeva, I. V. (2014). Epistoliarnoe nasledie kazakhskoi praviashchei elity, 1675–1821 godov. Almaty: Abdi co.
  • Viatkin, M. P. (1947). Batyr Srym. Moscow: Akademiia Nauk SSSR.
  • Kazakh Khanate is described in historical texts such as the Tarikh-i-Rashidi (1541–1545) by Muhammad Haidar Dughlat, and Zhamigi-at-Tavarikh (1598–1599) by Kadyrgali Kosynuli Zhalayir.
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