Pinoy hip hop: Difference between revisions

Pinoy hip hop
Pinoy hip hop
Stylistic origins	Hip hop, Pinoy pop
Cultural origins	1980s, Manila, Philippines
Other topics
	Pinoy rock; Pinoy pop; Pinoy reggae;

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Filipino hip-hop or Pinoy hip hop (also known as Pinoy rap) is hip hop music performed by musicians of Filipino descent, both in the Philippines and overseas, especially by Filipino-Americans.

The Philippines is known for having the first hip hop music scene in Asia^[1] since the early 1980s, largely due to the country's historical connections with the United States where hip hop originated. Rap music released in the Philippines has appeared in different languages or dialects such as Tagalog, Bicolano, Chavacano, Cebuano, Ilocano and English. In the Philippines, Gloc-9, Francis Magalona and Andrew E. are considered among the most influential rappers in the country, being the first to release mainstream rap albums. Apl.de.ap of the Black Eyed Peas, Cassie Ventura, Chad Hugo of the Neptunes, N.E.R.D. and Ez Mil are among the contemporary Filipino-American hip-hop artists.^[2]^[3]

History

Origins

The towns surrounding the numerous American military bases in the Philippines, such as Clark Air Base in Angeles City and Subic Bay Naval Base in Olongapo, were among the earliest to be exposed to the culture. Contact with African-American, Filipino-American and Latino servicemen resulted in some of the earliest exposure the locals had to the new musical genre.

1980s: Seeds of a movement

In 1980, the earliest rap recording came from Dyords Javier's single "Na Onseng Delight", a parody of "Rapper's Delight" by the Sugarhill Gang,^[4] released under Wea Records. It is considered the first known rap track out of Asia, making the Philippines the first to dabble in hip-hop in the region.^[3] That same year, pioneer Vincent Dafalong released the singles, "Ispraken-Delight" and "Mahiwagang Nunal".^[5]

Influential hip hop films such as Wild Style (1982), Breakin' (1984) and Krush Groove (1985) were influences. In 1982, local breakdancing crews like the Angeles City-based Whooze Co. International, with members consisting primarily from Clark Air Base, The Eclipse (whose former members included Francis Magalona, Dance 10 1983 champion Darwin Tuason and current Federation Sounds' Glenn "Kico" Lelay), Info-Clash Breakers and Ground Control (whose members included Rap Master Fordy, later to be known as Andrew E.), and Jay "Smooth" MC of Bass Rhyme Posse became popular in local parks and malls in and around the Metro Manila area such as the Glorietta mall, which was an early hotspot for breakers. Several mobile DJ crews of the era included such names as the Rock All Parties Crew which emerged onto the scene only to produce future Pinoy rap pioneers such as Andrew E. and Norman B.^[6]

1990s: Old School hip hop

The genre soon entered the mainstream with Francis Magalona's debut album, Yo! (1990), which included the nationalistic hit "Mga Kababayan" ("My Countrymen"), which brought Magalona to prominence.

More artists followed in Magalona's footsteps. The list includes Andrew E. who released his first single, "Humanap Ka ng Pangit" ("Look for Someone Ugly") in 1990^[7] and Michael V. with the release of his first song "Maganda ang Piliin" ("Pick Someone Pretty") in 1991, a companion piece to Andrew E.'s "Humanap Ka ng Pangit".^[8]

Known as the "golden age" of Pinoy hip hop, the 1990s marked the beginning of many rapid stylistic innovations beginning in 1991 with the establishment of the Disco Mix Club Philippines which was one of the earliest platforms for Philippine DJ mixing battles. Early innovators of the style included DJs Carlo Yalo, Noel Macanaya, Rod "DVS" Torres and Omar Lacap, among others.^[9]

Following the path set forth by their Bass Rhyme predecessors, the tri-lingual rap group Rapasia released their self-titled debut record in 1991, garnering the hit "Hoy! Tsismosa". One of the earliest Filipino hip hop groups to embrace such an abstract format, the album's lyrical content often contained a mixture of various Philippine languages (including Tagalog and Chavacano) along with English.^[10]

The pioneering Pinoy hip hop act Bass Rhyme Posse released their self-titled debut album on VIVA Records in 1991, which spawned the cult hits "Let the Beat Flow", "Buhay Estudyante" ("Student Life") and "Juan T.", becoming the genre's first rap group to release a record.^{[citation needed]}

1992 marked a turning point for Pinoy rap with the release of Francis M's influential second album, Rap Is Francis M, which is regarded as one of the greatest Pinoy rap albums ever.^{[by whom?]} Ushering in a socially awoken wave not seen in the Philippine music industry since the heyday of Juan De La Cruz, Sampaguita and 1970s Pinoy rock, Magalona's tracks dissected the various cultural, social and political problems that plagued his country such as drug addiction in "Mga Praning" ("The Addicts"), political corruption and instability in "Halalan" ("Election") as well as the detrimental effects of a colonial mentality to Filipino culture in "Tayo'y Mga Pinoy" ("We Are Filipinos"). The record's complexity and socially sentient message quickly earned it its classic status and became the standard by which future albums of the genre were to be compared to.^{[citation needed]} Magalona's enduring contributions to the genre was recognized in the All Music Guide to Hip-Hop: The Definitive Guide to Rap and Hip-Hop (2003) published by Backbeat Books;^[11] as well as in the U.S.-based hip hop publication The Source (May 2004).

In 1994, going against the wave of radio-friendly rap tracks that dominated at the time, the group Death Threat, founded by rappers Beware and Genezide, released the first Filipino gangsta rap album which told tales of the daily lives and struggles impoverished Filipino youth faced growing up in the slums of Metro Manila titled Gusto Kong Bumaet (I Want to Be Good).^[12]

In 1997, the underground Pinoy rap group Pamilia Dimagiba released their album Broke-N-Unsigned on Tenement Records, marking the re-emergence of the conscious emcee in Pinoy rap. A coalition of sorts, Pamilia Dimagiba composed itself of several underground Pinoy rappers and crews such as 8th Messenger, Shadowblyde, Spoon, Murder-1 of Khan's Assassins, and Young Galaxy of Iron Triangle, among others. The raw seven-track, politically minded album was a breath of fresh air at the time, as Pinoy rap during the era had taken a more hardcore, gangster persona. Known for their coarse lyrics, serious subject matter complemented by heavy beats fused within traditional Filipino folk music, the camp's records "Duelo", "Manila's Finest", "Reality Hurtz" and "Brainstorming" among others were largely in essence a throwback to the early, nationalistic Francis M inspired days of the genre.^[10]

The same year, the very first Filipino Rap record label Dongalo Wreckords was established.

The widespread popularity of Pinoy rap in and around the islands has resulted in the spawning of a new breed of Pinoy emcees: junior "rapistas". Far from being a new trend, Jaymie "Baby" Magtoto and her 1991 hit single "Eh! Kasi Bata" ("Cause I'm a Kid") was an early example of Pinoy kiddie rappers. The single was also included in the soundtrack for Magtoto's motion picture debut of the same name released later that year.^[13]

The 2000s saw the resurgence of grade school rappers in Filipino hip hop. In 2001, Rap Group Salbakuta (under Dongalo Wreckords) became a phenomenal through its first single, Stupid Luv and was later adapted to a movie. 2005 was a breakthrough for kid rappers in the Philippines as Aikee, through the Madd World/Circulo Pugantes Camp released his debut Ang Bawat Bata (Every Child) on Alpha Music and at eleven years of age, became the youngest Filipino rapper to release a full rap album.^[14]

2000s: The rise of Philippine hip hop scene

In the new millennium, Filipino hip-hop rivalled Pinoy rock's traditional popularity amongst Filipino youth.^[3]

Since 2004, the Philippine Hip-Hop Music Awards has been held annually in Metro Manila. The show is reminiscent of The Source Awards in the US. Gloc-9, considered to be the fastest rapper in the Philippines and former member of the rap group Death Threat, held the title for Best Rap Artist at the awards show for four consecutive years, from 2005 to 2008, achieving mainstream popularity and releasing successful commercial albums every other year. Like the American hip hop industry, music videos have become an important trend (even containing small cameos from different Filipino rappers) and air on TV channels like MTV Philippines and MYX. Despite Metro Manila's powerful position over the music industry, rap groups in the south have started to gain their own share of popularity, like Dice & K9 a.k.a. Mobbstarr from Cebu City with their first hit single "Itsumo" in 2003,^[15] Thavawenyoz from Davao City with their debut album Hubag in 2005,^[16] and Zambo Top Dogz from Zamboanga City, known for their Chavacano rapping in the songs "Noticias" and "Conversa Ta". It is also not uncommon for Filipino-American artists to perform live, sell records, and win awards in the Philippines while living in the States, for example Pikaso from San Francisco, California who won the Producer of the Year award in 2008.^[17]

The popularity of artists such as Dice & K9 a.k.a. Mobbstarr (known for their popular Japanese and English combination hit song "Itsumo"), Pikaso, Audible,^[18] and Krook and J.O.L.O., who primarily use English lyrics in their tracks, has given way to the ongoing divide between Tagalog lyricists and English lyricists. With English tracks dominating the airwaves, several Tagalog-based emcees felt a sort of bias in the Philippine music industry, which favors artists who use English rather than Filipino. The conflict over language became evident in the 2004 Black Eyed Peas concert in Manila in which rapper Mike Swift's Tagalog-based track was cut short halfway through the song due to the "English Only" policy enforced by the event's organizers towards Black Eyed Peas' opening acts.^[19]

In 2006, the group Stick Figgas,^[20] runners-up in Francis M's Rappublic of the Philippines talent search, released their debut album Critical Condition under joint-release with Dice & K9's 6000 Goonz imprint and Francis M's Red Egg Records sub-label, which, amidst critical acclaim, sparked a resurgence and renaissance of sorts in Tagalog rap. The Stick Figgas relied on clever punchlines, creative lyricism and intricate rhyme schemes, re-introducing a technical poignancy that has been absent in Tagalog rap since B.B. Clan's first album Mabanges. This rap style has arguably inspired the current generation of Tagalog rappers to place much more emphasis on multi-syllable rhyme schemes, punchlines and metaphors than before.

2010s: FlipTop battle league, trap genre emergence and second golden age

The influence of the original rap battle leagues in the West – Grind Time Now (U.S.), King of the Dot (Canada) and Don't Flop (UK) – all founded in 2008, inspired the creation of other battle leagues around the world, FlipTop being one of them, in 2010. This local rap battle competition typically involves both parties (either 2 rappers or 2 duos) hailing mudslinging words and rhymes at each other, who are then judged at the end based on a number of factors including flow and use of insults/punchlines and audience impact. The one with the most votes from the judges is declared winner. FlipTop gained millions of views online, as it reminded viewers of the Balagtasan format, a type of debate done through verse named after the father of Filipino poetry Francisco Balagtas.^[3]

2020s: The expansion of Pinoy hip hop scene

In late 2019, MCA Music (now UMG/UMUSIC Philippines) launched Def Jam Philippines, a new label dedicated to established and up-and-coming hip hop and R&B acts.^[21] In 2021, 8 Ballin', a hip hop collective group from Rizal, took the Pinoy hip hop spotlight after the music video of their controversial hit single "Know Me" became viral on YouTube and has been became the talk of the town on social media because of memes and their mumble rapping, and caught the attention of Def Jam Philippines which led the collective group to join the label.^[22] Other hiphop artists Def Jam have signed include JMara, Fateeha, VVS Collective, and Karencitta.^[23]

The 2020s also gave the rise of Filipino-American rapper Ez Mil. He gained fame in 2021 after his performance of his song "Panalo (Trap Cariñosa)" on the Wish Bus USA went viral, amassing millions of views in just a few days after premiering on YouTube on January 29.^[24] In 2023, Ez Mil was signed to labels owned by Eminem and Dr. Dre.^[3] Other Filipino-American rappers of the 2020s include Ruby Ibarra, Klassy, Rocky Rivera, and Guapdad 4000.^[25]^[26]

The 2020s also saw a change in hiphop, as rap began containing elements of harana music. Leading this change was Hev Abi, a rapper from Quezon City who topped the Spotify charts.^[27] Other Filipino rappers who gained prominence during this decade include Lo Ki, Flow G, and O Side Mafia.^[28]^[27]

Other elements of hip hop

The art of MCing or rapping in Filipino hip hop is also represented in other forms such as battle rapping or freestyling. Several annual contests such as the Fête de la Musique,^[29] the Blazin' Freestyle Battle and PR's Rap Mania are held annually within the Philippines specifically aimed at showcasing such talents, often drawing masses of undiscovered, amateur Pinoy "rapistas".

Artists representing other elements include b-boy crews such as The Battle Krew (TBK), Funk Roots Crew, Soulstice Crew, Air Grounds Crew, Tru Asiatik Tribe (TAT) and The Balikbayan Tribe (BBT); "grapistas" such as Flip-1, Bonz, Ripe-1, Dope, Chas-1, Meow and Xzyle, and graffiti crews such as Samahan Batang Aerosol (SBA), Pinoy Bomber Crew (PBC), Pinoy Style Insight (PSI), Day Night Bombers (DNB), Katipunan Street Team (KST) and Crime In Style Crew (CIS), as well as beatboxers Christopher Oreo a.k.a. BoomBuster and Cool MC Norman B (of the Bass Rhyme Posse).

Beatbox

Beatboxing is another element of hip-hop; Xam Penalba a.k.a. The Bigg X represented the Philippines at the Beatbox World Championship in May 2015 at the Astra Kulturhaus Berline. He is a member of the Philippine Human Beatbox Alliance and beatbox group Microphone Mechanics with members G-Who, Leaf, Mouthfx and Abdhul.^[30]

Filipino-American hip-hop

Birth of a culture

Filipino-American hip-hop culture bases its historical roots in the Filipino American, Latino American and African-American neighborhoods along the West Coast, specifically in Los Angeles, the San Francisco Bay Area, and San Diego. The movement that had been born in the South Bronx among Jamaican, Puerto Rican and African-American youth in turn had its West Coast identity formed within the respective African-American, Filipino and Latino communities. Similar to the Filipino-American zoot suiters, be-boppers and ballroom dancers of previous generations, the dynamics within these respective communities reincarnated itself once again in the form of hip hop.^[31] Since the 1990 Census, Filipino Americans have made up the second largest Asian Pacific American group in the United States (after Chinese Americans),^[32] and, until 2000, were the largest Asian group in California. In West Coast hip hop, their role has been comparable to that of Puerto Rican artists on the East Coast, who were an integral part, along with African Americans, in the creation of the foundations of hip hop culture.^{[citation needed]}

As early as the late 1970s, during hip hop's infancy, pioneering mobile Bay Area Filipino mobile DJ crews such as Sound Explosion, Unlimited Sounds, Electric Sounds, Fusion, Ladda Sounds, 3-Style Attractions, Ultimate Creations, Sound Patrol, Soundsation, Sound City Productions, Kicks Company, Images, Non-Stop Boogie, Imperial Sounds, Unique Musique, Nite Life Sensations, Rok A Long and Sound Sequence among many others helped capitalize on the massive Filipino party scene by introducing the newly formed genre of music while spreading its popularity throughout South San Francisco and its surrounding areas through paid gigs in house/block parties, family gatherings, school pep rallies, weddings and church halls; primarily playing and mixing electro funk alongside Latin freestyle. Rival crews would often one-up each other by showcasing superior equipment and providing elaborate set-ups. Early mobile DJ stars included DJ Ren (born Rene Anies), founder of one of the first Filipino American DJ crews Electric Sounds, DJ Dynamix (born Dave Refuerzo) of Sound Patrol who established 3-Style Attractions, a widely known mobile DJ crew in the Bay Area, and DJ D-Styles (born Dave Cuasito), who in 1987 established the mobile DJ crew Sound City Productions.^[33] In 1983, a real-estate agent by the name of Mark Bradford established Imagine, which began primarily as a showcase for Filipino DJ talent in and around the Bay Area and came to serve as the premier event for DJs until the founders' murder in 1991. The movement reached its pinnacle in 1987, when more than one hundred mobile DJ crews participated in DJ sound clashes and showcases. By the late 1980s, the "mobile DJ" movement had declined in popularity and had given way to the "turntablist", largely due to the rise of Q-Bert and the innovation of scratching within the DJ community. The legacy of the "mobile DJ" lived on however, because many of the Bay Area turntablists that went on to define the art in the 1990s such as Q-Bert himself, along with DJ Shortkut, often had their beginnings in mobile DJ work.^[34] Also in New York City, early hip hop musician and salsa legend Joe Bataan (half Filipino and half African American) had one of the first rap hits, "Rap-O Clap-O" in 1979, released on his Salsoul label.^[35] In 1981, DJ Nasty Nes (of Rap Attack and NastyMix Records fame) of Seattle launched the specialty show Fresh Tracks on Seattle's 1250 KFOX introducing the first ever hip-hop radio station on the West Coast. He went on to serve as the DJ for pioneering Seattle rapper Sir Mix-A-Lot.^[36]

In the 1980s, several legendary Filipino b-boy groups such as the Renegade Rockers, Knuckleneck Tribe, Rock Force Crew, Daly City Breakers, Jughead Tribe and Concrete Rockers also emerged from the Bay Area rivaling even the New York City-based Rock Steady Crew, whose official West Coast contingent is known to consist of several Filipino American members.^[37] Kalifornia Noize Terrorists' Paul Sirate, better known as P-Kid^[38] emerged from the Bay Area becoming one of the early premier breakdancers and later went on to MCing and producing, lacing tracks for the likes of the Bronx's Terror Squad and L.A.'s Pharcyde. Elsewhere in the Bay Area, pioneering Filipina rapper Lani Luv (born Melanie Cagonot) became one of the early West Coast female MCs.

Several tagging crews such as Oakland's Those Damn Kids (TDK) were some of the originators of "graf art" on the West Coast. It was during this time in 1983 that TDK's King Dream (born Michael Francisco) surfaced out of the graf art world. Francisco utilized his pieces to celebrate, express and educate from his own Filipino American background in order to promote tolerance while simultaneously strengthening bonds with others from differing cultures, eventually achieving international recognition.^[39] Now deceased (Dream was murdered in 2000),^[40] he is considered by many to have been one of the greatest and most influential graf writers whose work had been expressive of his urban environment while focusing on social issues concerning not only Filipino Americans, but also other people of color in America such as police brutality, racism, nationwide liberation and rebellion.^[41]

Even further north of the American border in Canada, Filipino hip hop has established an active scene, with the likes of Montreal's New Elementz, Vancouver's conscious rap-tandem The On Point Collective,^[42] the veteran emcee Jae Spillz,^[43] Filipino rapper One3D,^[44] and the hip hop power label Cashtown Records;^[45] home to a variety of artists including the underground Tagalog emcees Franchizze One and Lyrikal Abstrakt, or Dos Armados, who went on to form their own label subsidiary, Southeast Cartel.^[46]

Rise of the turntablists

By the 1990s, hip hop artists of Filipino descent (particularly turntablists like DJ Qbert, Mix Master Mike, and the Invisibl Skratch Piklz) achieved prominence and came to dominate the DJ art form of scratching, introducing the world to a more innovative style of scratching utilizing a wide variety of new techniques, including the playing of actual melodies,^[47] as well as the inventions of the "crab scratch", "tweak scratch", "strobing", and furthering the development of "flare scratching".^[48]

In 1996, the International Turntable Federation, which hosts the largest international turntablist competitions, was established by Alex Aquino. DJ Glaze of Long Beach's Foesum have together been staples in the West Coast gangster rap scene since the G-funk era of the 1990s. DJ Babu (born Chris Oroc) has gained notoriety for his work with the turtablism group Beat Junkies and the alternative hip hop act Dilated Peoples. Many other notable DJ champions from other countries around the world such as Canada, Australia, Japan and Germany have also been of Filipino descent.^[49]

Other notable DJs include Joseph "DJ ELITE" Netherland (Hawaiʻi's first hip hop DJ champion in 1990),^[50]^[51]^[52] DJ Kuttin Kandi (the first woman to place in the US finals of the prestigious DMC USA competition in 1998),^[53]^[54] DJ Roli Rho (1999 East Coast regional DMC Champ/1999 & 2000 Vibe Music Seminar Champion of New York City's 5th Platoon), DJ Icy Ice of Los Angeles' KDAY 93.5 FM, DJ E-Man of Los Angeles' Power 106 FM, DJ Marlino a.k.a. da5footafunk of San Diego's XHITZ-FM Z90.3, DJ Enferno (2003 US DMC Champ/2003 1st runner-up DMC World) and DJ Geometrix of the Trooperz Crew, both from the Washington DC area, and DJ Manila Ice (2007 DMC US finalist) and DJ Jester a.k.a. the Filipino Fist, both from Texas. Two longtime staples for entertainment in Sacramento are DJ Eddie Edul and DJ Billy Lane.

In the late 2010s and early 2020s, Ruby Ibarra gained prominence as a raptivist who spoke against American imperialism and highlighted the experiences of the Filipino-American community.^[55] In her debut album, CIRCA91, she rapped in three languages (Filipino, English, and her native Waray) and spoke against the Filipino patriarchy, colorism, and corruption in the Philippines.^[56]

apl.de.ap (Allan Pineda Lindo)

Perhaps one of the most successful mainstream Filipino-American rappers is the Black Eyed Peas' apl.de.ap, who has released songs such as "The Apl Song" (from Elephunk), "Bebot" (from Monkey Business), and "Mare" (from The E.N.D.) which not only contain Filipino (Tagalog) lyrics but also native Filipino musical elements. Pineda has also founded his own record label, the Los Angeles-based Jeepney Music, to help discover and promote Filipino hip-hop talent from both the United States and the Philippines. "The Apl Song" not only contains elements of Tagalog and Filipino elements, but the track itself according to video producer Christina DeHaven, represents Allan Pineda Lindo's view of the Philippines when he travels back for the first time since he was 14 years old.^[57] In the English verses of the song, Pineda describes aspects of Filipino life back home which is seen in the lyrics, "How would you feel if you had to catch your meal, Build a hut to live and to eat and chill in, Having to pump the water outta the ground?". The shifting between Tagalog and English can be interpreted as showing both languages as equal or in an equal hierarchical relationship to one another^[58] which is especially important having included another language other than English in an American pop song, even though English is one of the two official languages of the Philippines.

Chad Hugo (producer)

One of the most successful Filipino-American producers is Virginia Beach's Chad Hugo. One half of the popular music production duo the Neptunes, Hugo, with his production partner Pharrell, have laced chart-topping hits for the likes of Jay-Z, Nelly, Gwen Stefani and Snoop Dogg, among many others.^[59] He has also collaborated with the Black Eyed Peas' apl.de.ap, making an appearance in apl's music video for "The Apl Song".^[60]

Ez Mil

Ezekiel Miller, also known professionally as Ez Mil, is a Filipino-American rapper, singer, songwriter and producer. He rose to prominence after his song "Panalo" gained public attention.^[61] At age 25, he became the first Filipino artist (and the third rapper, after 50 Cent and Stat Quo) to have a direct joint deal with all three of Eminem's record labels: Shady Records, Aftermath Entertainment, and Interscope Records.^[62]

Media

Film

The 2000 documentary film Beats, Rhymes and Resistance: Pilipinos and Hip Hop in Los Angeles (produced and directed by Lakandiwa de Leon, Dawn Mabalon and Jonathan Ramos) chronicles the development of hip hop culture among Filipino Americans in Southern California during the 1990s.^[63]

Radio

"Duelo"

Sample of Pamilia Dimagiba's "Duelo" from their 1997 album Broke-N-Unsigned. The record marked the re-emergence of the socially conscious emcee in Filipino Hip Hop.

Problems playing this file? See media help.

There were two FM stations in the Philippines that played all kinds of R&B, hip hop and rap music. These are the now defunct radio stations Power 108 FM and Blazin' 105.9 FM.^[64] The former project known as 'Project: Hip hop' was founded in 2002 by three high school friends, namely DJ Caine, MC Satoshi and Quaizy Ileon.^[ambiguous] Former radio stations such as 89 DMZ are now online radio stations, streaming live on the Internet.^[65]

In 2007, Wave 891 eliminated its pop jazz/easy listening format and switched to full hip hop and R&B in order to retain the Pinoy hip hop scene.^[64] Another radio station that features Pinoy hip hop artists is Monster Radio RX 93.1 (DWRX 93.1 FM), which also plays American hip-hop and R&B.

In 2014, the radio station Wish 107.5 launched the Wish Mobile Radio Bus, the very first FM station-on-wheels in the country which allowed Filipino artists to perform live and have their performances uploaded online soon after their performance.^[66] Four years later, a US counterpart, the Wish Bus USA was launched for Filipino artists based in the US.^[67] These gave hip hop artists more exposure, with YouTube videos of their performances gaining millions of views.^[68] Filipino hip hop artists who have given notable performances on the Wish Bus include Smugglaz, Curse One, Dello, Flict-G, Shanti Dope, Ex Battalion, Gloc-9, Al James, Loonie, Ron Henley, Abra, Allmo$t, Pricetagg, CLR, Michael Pacquiao, Ez Mil, and many more.^[68]^[66]

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^ http://sfbg.com/noise/01-01/fili.htmll ^{[dead link]}
^ "Joe Bataan-Rap-O Clap-O (Brazilian 12")-Vinyl Records-Cover Art-Disco Music .com". March 6, 2004. Archived from the original on March 6, 2004. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
^ "Interview with West Coast Pioneer Nasty Nes". rapattacklives.com. May 6, 2005. Archived from the original on February 20, 2006. Retrieved December 25, 2005.
^ "Filipinos and Hip-Hop Culture". daveyd.com. June 12, 1997. Archived from the original on October 12, 2005. Retrieved December 25, 2005.
^ P-Kid (listed under the category B-boys/girls) is the same person as Pikaso (Mr. Sirate), listed under the category Producers
^ "The Dream Kontinues - Media Archive". Archived from the original on March 1, 2012. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
^ "The Dream Kontinues - Media Archive". Archived from the original on March 1, 2012. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
^ "The Dream Kontinues - www.dreamtdk.com". Archived from the original on March 1, 2012. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
^ "On Point Collective (theopc) on Myspace". Myspace.com. Archived from the original on March 13, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
^ "JaE sPiLLz (SOCAN/ASCAP) | Listen and Stream Free Music, Albums, New Releases, Photos, Videos". Myspace.com. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
^ "One3D | Independent Rapper-Producer from Manila, Philippines". One3D.ph. Archived from the original on March 18, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
^ "CASHTOWN featuring SAGA TOUCH/FRANCHIZZE - "Tip It Up" {OFFICIAL VIDEO}". Retrieved March 13, 2022 – via YouTube.
^ "Southeast Cartel". Southeastcartel.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on December 15, 2020. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
^ "Invisibl Skratch Piklz : Biography". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
^ "A Taxonomy of DJs - Scratching". Archived from the original on July 1, 2007. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
^ "Davey D's Hip-Hop Corner: The New Source For The Hip-Hop Generation". Archived from the original on November 18, 2008. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
^ Moniz, Melissa. (August 4, 2006) MidWeek Weekend Cover Story: Hip Hop, Island Style. Archived November 30, 2021, at the Wayback Machine Page 1.
^ Wilhelm, Kalani. (July 8, 2009) Honoulu Weekly: Spin Zone, "The Elitist". Archived November 30, 2021, at the Wayback Machine Volume 19, Number 27, Page 11.
^ Wilhelm, Kalani. (December 12, 2012) Honoulu Weekly: Spin Zone, "Technological Elitism." Archived December 1, 2021, at the Wayback Machine Volume 22, Number 50, Page 11.
^ "Brooklyn College | DJ Kuttin Kandi: Performing Feminism". Brooklyn.cuny.edu. Archived from the original on September 23, 2016. Retrieved August 29, 2016.
^ Mike's Old Stuff (August 24, 2015), Kuttin Kandi at 1998 DMC US Finals, archived from the original on February 2, 2017, retrieved August 29, 2016
^ Dungca, George Evan (November 1, 2021). "Ruby Ibarra on Filipina Empowerment through Hip hop, Activism, and Education | PURVEYR". Retrieved August 21, 2023.
^ Nazareno, Mia (February 23, 2023). "Ruby Ibarra Uses Music As A Tool To Unpack Diasporic Life | People". vogue.ph. Retrieved August 21, 2023.
^ Devitt, Rachel (2008). "Lost in Translation: Filipino Diaspora(s), Postcolonial Hip Hop, and the Problems of KeepingIt Real for the "Contentless" Black Eyed Peas". Asian Music. 39 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1353/amu.2007.0045. JSTOR 25501577.
^ Vicente, Rafael (1988). CONTRACTING COLONIALISM: TRANSLATION AND CHRISTIAN CONVERSION IN TAGALOG SOCIETY UNDER EARLY SPANISH RULE. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. pp. 27–28. ISBN 978-0822313410.
^ "Chad Hugo Photos - Chad Hugo News - Chad Hugo Information". Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved February 16, 2006.
^ PRECIOUS YAMAGUCHI. "More Than A Music Video : The Black Eyed Peas' Apl.de.Ap and filmmaker Patricio Ginelsa talk about the landmark Filipino all-star video for "The Apl Song"". Chopblock.com. Archived from the original on October 19, 2006. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
^ Severo, Jan Milo (July 27, 2023). "Controversial Pinoy rapper Ez Mil signs with Eminem, Dr. Dre". Philstar.com. Archived from the original on August 6, 2023. Retrieved August 7, 2023.
^ "Eminem & Dr. Dre Sign Las Vegas Rapper Ez Mil to Shady / Aftermath / Interscope". HipHop-N-More. July 26, 2023. Archived from the original on August 7, 2023. Retrieved August 7, 2023.
^ "Poeticdream.com". June 19, 2009. Archived from the original on June 19, 2009. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
^ ^a ^b "History of Pinoy Hip-Hop – HIPHOP.PH". Retrieved August 14, 2023.
^ "IDMZ SAYAW PINOY". www.89dmz.com. Retrieved August 14, 2023.
^ ^a ^b Reodica, Mariah (November 3, 2022). "10 iconic Wish 107.5 Bus moments". cnn. Archived from the original on August 14, 2023. Retrieved August 14, 2023.
^ "Wish Bus USA Launch Draws Praise from Artists, Netizens". Wish FM 107.5. September 10, 2018. Retrieved August 14, 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Beats and Breaks: 10 Hip-Hop Wishclusives That Set Us All Ablaze". Wish FM 107.5. April 14, 2019. Retrieved August 14, 2023.

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[34] ttp://sfbg.com/noise/01-01/fili.htmll ^{[dead link]}

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[36] "Interview with West Coast Pioneer Nasty Nes". rapattacklives.com. May 6, 2005. Archived from the original on February 20, 2006. Retrieved December 25, 2005.

[37] "Filipinos and Hip-Hop Culture". daveyd.com. June 12, 1997. Archived from the original on October 12, 2005. Retrieved December 25, 2005.

[P-Kid-38] P-Kid (listed under the category B-boys/girls) is the same person as Pikaso (Mr. Sirate), listed under the category Producers

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[40] "The Dream Kontinues - Media Archive". Archived from the original on March 1, 2012. Retrieved February 9, 2016.

[41] "The Dream Kontinues - www.dreamtdk.com". Archived from the original on March 1, 2012. Retrieved March 13, 2022.

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[43] "JaE sPiLLz (SOCAN/ASCAP) | Listen and Stream Free Music, Albums, New Releases, Photos, Videos". Myspace.com. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2022.

[44] "One3D | Independent Rapper-Producer from Manila, Philippines". One3D.ph. Archived from the original on March 18, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2022.

[45] "CASHTOWN featuring SAGA TOUCH/FRANCHIZZE - "Tip It Up" {OFFICIAL VIDEO}". Retrieved March 13, 2022 – via YouTube.

[46] "Southeast Cartel". Southeastcartel.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on December 15, 2020. Retrieved March 13, 2022.

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[50] Moniz, Melissa. (August 4, 2006) MidWeek Weekend Cover Story: Hip Hop, Island Style. Archived November 30, 2021, at the Wayback Machine Page 1.

[51] Wilhelm, Kalani. (July 8, 2009) Honoulu Weekly: Spin Zone, "The Elitist". Archived November 30, 2021, at the Wayback Machine Volume 19, Number 27, Page 11.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Music genre and scene}}
 {{multiple issues|
-{{Tone|date=February 2018}}
 {{POV|date=March 2022}}
 {{more citations needed|date=October 2014}}
@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 {{Infobox music genre
 | name              = Pinoy hip hop
-| stylistic_origins = [[hip hop music|Hip hop]] - [[Pinoy pop]] -
+| stylistic_origins = [[hip hop music|Hip hop]], [[Pinoy pop]]
-| cultural_origins  = 1980s [[Manila]], [[Philippines]]
+| cultural_origins  = 1980s, [[Manila]], [[Philippines]]
 | other_topics      = {{hlist|[[Pinoy rock]]|[[Pinoy pop]]|[[Pinoy reggae]]}}
 }}
-'''Filipino hip-hop''' or '''Pinoy hip hop''' (also known as '''Pinoy rap''') is [[hip hop music]] performed by [[Musician|musicians]] of [[Filipino people|Filipino]] descent, both in the [[Philippines]] and overseas, especially by [[Filipino-American]]s.
+'''Filipino hip-hop''' or '''Pinoy hip hop''' (also known as '''Pinoy rap''') is [[hip hop music]] performed by [[musician]]s of [[Filipino people|Filipino]] descent, both in the [[Philippines]] and overseas, especially by [[Filipino-American]]s.
-The Philippines is known to have had the first hip hop music scene in [[Asia]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Music_of_the_Philippines_-_Filipino_Hip-Hop/id/5315895|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728122205/http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Music_of_the_Philippines_-_Filipino_Hip-Hop/id/5315895|url-status=dead|title=Music of the Philippines - Filipino Hip-Hop - Encyclopedia II &#124; Global Oneness<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-date=July 28, 2013|access-date=March 13, 2022}}</ref> since the early 1980s, largely due to the country's historical connections with the [[United States]] where hip hop originated. Rap music released in the Philippines has appeared in different languages or dialects such as [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]], [[Bikol language|Bicolano]], [[Chavacano language|Chavacano]], [[Cebuano language|Cebuano]], [[Ilokano language|Ilocano]] and [[English language|English]]. In the Philippines, [[Francis Magalona]] and [[Andrew E.]] are among the most influential rappers in the country, being the first to release mainstream rap albums. [[Apl.de.ap]] of the [[Black Eyed Peas]], [[Cassie Ventura]] and [[Chad Hugo]] of [[the Neptunes]] and [[N.E.R.D.]] are among the contemporary [[Filipino Americans|Filipino-American]] hip-hop artists.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalgeographic.org/news/filipino-hip-hop/|title=Filipino Hip-Hop|date=October 29, 2010|website=National Geographic Society|language=en|access-date=March 4, 2019}}</ref>
+The Philippines is known for having the first hip hop music scene in [[Asia]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Music_of_the_Philippines_-_Filipino_Hip-Hop/id/5315895|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728122205/http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Music_of_the_Philippines_-_Filipino_Hip-Hop/id/5315895|url-status=dead|title=Music of the Philippines - Filipino Hip-Hop - Encyclopedia II &#124; Global Oneness<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-date=July 28, 2013|access-date=March 13, 2022}}</ref> since the early 1980s, largely due to the country's historical connections with the [[United States]] where hip hop originated. Rap music released in the Philippines has appeared in different languages or dialects such as [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]], [[Bikol language|Bicolano]], [[Chavacano language|Chavacano]], [[Cebuano language|Cebuano]], [[Ilokano language|Ilocano]] and [[English language|English]]. In the Philippines, [[Gloc-9]], [[Francis Magalona]] and [[Andrew E.]] are considered among the most influential rappers in the country, being the first to release mainstream rap albums. [[Apl.de.ap]] of the [[Black Eyed Peas]], [[Cassie Ventura]], [[Chad Hugo]] of [[the Neptunes]], [[N.E.R.D.]] and [[Ez Mil]] are among the contemporary [[Filipino Americans|Filipino-American]] hip-hop artists.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalgeographic.org/news/filipino-hip-hop/|title=Filipino Hip-Hop|date=October 29, 2010|website=National Geographic Society|language=en|access-date=March 4, 2019|archive-date=March 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306174822/https://www.nationalgeographic.org/news/filipino-hip-hop/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Eulalia |first=Poch |date=July 31, 2023 |title=The birth of Filipino hip-hop |url=https://mb.com.ph/2023/7/30/the-birth-of-filipino-hip-hop |access-date=August 7, 2023 |website=Manila Bulletin |language=en |archive-date=August 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807162319/https://mb.com.ph/2023/7/30/the-birth-of-filipino-hip-hop |url-status=live }}</ref>
 ==History==
 ===Origins===
-The towns surrounding the numerous American military bases that were scattered throughout that country such as [[Clark Air Base]] in Angeles City and [[Subic Bay Naval Base]] in [[Olongapo]] were among the earliest to be exposed to the culture. As contact with [[African-American]], Filipino-American and [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Latino]] servicemen resulted in some of the earliest exposure the locals had to the new musical genre.
+The towns surrounding the numerous American military bases in the Philippines, such as [[Clark Air Base]] in Angeles City and [[Subic Bay Naval Base]] in [[Olongapo]], were among the earliest to be exposed to the culture. Contact with [[African-American]], Filipino-American and [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Latino]] servicemen resulted in some of the earliest exposure the locals had to the new musical genre.
 ===1980s: Seeds of a movement===
-In 1980, the earliest rap recording came from [[Dyords Javier]]'s single "Na Onseng Delight", a parody of "[[Rapper's Delight]]" by [[the Sugarhill Gang]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6mR2DwAAQBAJ|title=Hip Hop around the World: An Encyclopedia [2 volumes]|last1=Goldsmith|first1=Melissa Ursula Dawn|last2=Fonseca|first2=Anthony|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2019|isbn=9780313357596|location=United States of America|pages=xxxvii|language=en}}</ref> released under Wea Records. That same year, pioneer Vincent Dafalong released the singles, "Ispraken-Delight" and "Mahiwagang Nunal".<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ot2uDAAAQBAJ&q=Vincent+Daffalong&pg=PA402|title=Pop Culture in Asia and Oceania|last1=Murray|first1=Jeremy A.|last2=Nadeau|first2=Kathleen M.|date=August 15, 2016|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781440839917}}</ref>
+In 1980, the earliest rap recording came from [[Dyords Javier]]'s single "Na Onseng Delight", a parody of "[[Rapper's Delight]]" by [[the Sugarhill Gang]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6mR2DwAAQBAJ|title=Hip Hop around the World: An Encyclopedia [2 volumes]|last1=Goldsmith|first1=Melissa Ursula Dawn|last2=Fonseca|first2=Anthony|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2019|isbn=9780313357596|location=United States of America|pages=xxxvii|language=en}}</ref> released under Wea Records. It is considered the first known rap track out of Asia, making the Philippines the first to dabble in hip-hop in the region.<ref name=":1" /> That same year, pioneer Vincent Dafalong released the singles, "Ispraken-Delight" and "Mahiwagang Nunal".<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ot2uDAAAQBAJ&q=Vincent+Daffalong&pg=PA402|title=Pop Culture in Asia and Oceania|last1=Murray|first1=Jeremy A.|last2=Nadeau|first2=Kathleen M.|date=August 15, 2016|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781440839917}}</ref>
-Groundbreaking hip hop films such as ''[[Wild Style]]'' (1982), ''[[Breakin']]'' (1984) and ''[[Krush Groove]]'' (1985) were influences. In 1982, local [[breakdancing]] crews like the [[Angeles City]]-based Whooze Co. International, with members consisting primarily from Clark Air Base, The Eclipse (whose former members included [[Francis Magalona]], ''[[List of programs previously broadcast by Radio Philippines Network#Variety|Dance 10]]'' 1983 champion Darwin Tuason and current Federation Sounds' Glenn "Kico" Lelay), Info-Clash Breakers and Ground Control (whose members included Rap Master Fordy, later to be known as Andrew E.), and Jay "Smooth" MC of Bass Rhyme Posse became mainstays in local parks and malls in and around the Metro Manila area such as the [[Glorietta]] mall, which was an early hotspot for [[Break dancers|breakers]]. Several [[mobile DJ]] crews of the era included such names as the Rock All Parties Crew which emerged onto the scene only to produce future Pinoy rap pioneers such as [[Andrew Espiritu|Andrew E]]. and Norman B.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://pinoyrap.com/history/history.html| title=History of Pinoy Rap|website=Pinoyrap.com| access-date=January 26, 2014}}</ref>
+Influential hip hop films such as ''[[Wild Style]]'' (1982), ''[[Breakin']]'' (1984) and ''[[Krush Groove]]'' (1985) were influences. In 1982, local [[breakdancing]] crews like the [[Angeles City]]-based Whooze Co. International, with members consisting primarily from Clark Air Base, The Eclipse (whose former members included [[Francis Magalona]], ''[[List of programs previously broadcast by Radio Philippines Network#Variety|Dance 10]]'' 1983 champion Darwin Tuason and current Federation Sounds' Glenn "Kico" Lelay), Info-Clash Breakers and Ground Control (whose members included Rap Master Fordy, later to be known as Andrew E.), and Jay "Smooth" MC of Bass Rhyme Posse became popular in local parks and malls in and around the Metro Manila area such as the [[Glorietta]] mall, which was an early hotspot for [[Break dancers|breakers]]. Several [[mobile DJ]] crews of the era included such names as the Rock All Parties Crew which emerged onto the scene only to produce future Pinoy rap pioneers such as [[Andrew Espiritu|Andrew E]]. and Norman B.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://pinoyrap.com/history/history.html| title=History of Pinoy Rap| website=Pinoyrap.com| access-date=January 26, 2014| archive-date=September 28, 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928012816/http://pinoyrap.com/history/history.html| url-status=live}}</ref>
-===1990s: Old School Hip-Hop===
+===1990s: Old School hip hop===
 {{more citations needed|section|date=June 2020}}
 The genre soon entered the mainstream with [[Francis Magalona]]'s debut album, ''Yo!'' (1990), which included the nationalistic [[Hit record|hit]] "Mga Kababayan" ("''My Countrymen''"), which brought Magalona to prominence.
-More artists followed in Magalona's footsteps. The list includes [[Andrew Espiritu|Andrew E.]] who released his first single, "Humanap Ka ng Pangit" ("''Look for Someone Ugly''") in 1990<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dastaantv.com/the-better-woman-september-19-2019-full-episode-hd/|title=The Better Woman E. - Humanap Ka Ng Panget|website=dastaantv.com|language=en|access-date=September 19, 2019}}</ref> and [[Michael V.]] with the release of his first song "Maganda ang Piliin" ("''Pick Someone Pretty''") in 1991, a companion piece to Andrew E.'s "Humanap Ka ng Pangit".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dastaantv.com/the-better-woman-september-19-2019-full-episode-hd.-Maganda-Ang-Piliin-(Ayoko-Ng-Panget)-Andrew-E.-Humanap-Ka-Ng-Panget/|title=The Better Women.'s 'Maganda Ang Piliin (Ayoko Ng Panget)'|language=en|access-date=September 19, 2019}}</ref>
+More artists followed in Magalona's footsteps. The list includes [[Andrew Espiritu|Andrew E.]] who released his first single, "Humanap Ka ng Pangit" ("''Look for Someone Ugly''") in 1990<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dastaantv.com/the-better-woman-september-19-2019-full-episode-hd/|title=The Better Woman E. - Humanap Ka Ng Panget|website=dastaantv.com|language=en|access-date=September 19, 2019}}</ref> and [[Michael V.]] with the release of his first song "Maganda ang Piliin" ("''Pick Someone Pretty''") in 1991, a companion piece to Andrew E.'s "Humanap Ka ng Pangit".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dastaantv.com/the-better-woman-september-19-2019-full-episode-hd.-Maganda-Ang-Piliin-(Ayoko-Ng-Panget)-Andrew-E.-Humanap-Ka-Ng-Panget/|title=The Better Women.'s 'Maganda Ang Piliin (Ayoko Ng Panget)'|language=en|access-date=September 19, 2019}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 Known as the "golden age" of Pinoy hip hop, the 1990s marked the beginning of many rapid stylistic innovations beginning in 1991 with the establishment of the [[Disco Mix Club]] Philippines which was one of the earliest platforms for Philippine DJ mixing battles. Early innovators of the style included DJs Carlo Yalo, Noel Macanaya, Rod "DVS" Torres and Omar Lacap, among others.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kut5.com/kut5graphy.htm |title=Kut5.com |date=January 7, 2016 |website= |access-date=March 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107010537/http://www.kut5.com/kut5graphy.htm |archive-date=January 7, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
-Following the path set forth by their Bass Rhyme predecessors, the tri-lingual rap group Rapasia released their self-titled debut record in 1991, garnering the hit "Hoy! Tsismosa". One of the earliest Filipino hip hop groups to embrace such an abstract format, the album's lyrical content often contained a mixture of various Philippine languages (including [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] and [[Chavacano]]) along with English.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://pinoyrap.com/|title=pinoyrap.com - contact with domain owner &#124; Epik.com|website=Pinoyrap.com|access-date=March 13, 2022}}</ref> Rapasia's innovative style was built upon years later by other Pinoy rap groups such as [[Zamboanga City|Zamboanga]]'s Ghost 13. Rapasia's members included Martin "Bronx" Magalona, brother of Pinoy rap entrepreneur Francis Magalona. The other two members are Filipino-American, Ronald Jamias a.k.a. Ronski J and the Tausug-born Ben Mohammad a.k.a. Brother BM. The group was initiated via an International Rap Competition sponsored by VIVA Records and was held at the Music Museum in Mandaluyong. Andrew E [[emcee]]d the program.
+Following the path set forth by their Bass Rhyme predecessors, the tri-lingual rap group Rapasia released their self-titled debut record in 1991, garnering the hit "Hoy! Tsismosa". One of the earliest Filipino hip hop groups to embrace such an abstract format, the album's lyrical content often contained a mixture of various Philippine languages (including [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] and [[Chavacano]]) along with English.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://pinoyrap.com/|title=pinoyrap.com - contact with domain owner &#124; Epik.com|website=Pinoyrap.com|access-date=March 13, 2022|archive-date=March 31, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331093449/http://pinoyrap.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>
-Mastaplann was also another group that did all their music in English. The group had three DJs and two [[MC (music)|MCs]]. The MCs were known as Type (Johnny Luna) and Tracer One (Butch Velez, brother of actress Vivian Velez). They released three albums that went multi-platinum. The group was formed in 1992 in the Philippines, with original group members Butch Velez a.k.a. Tracer One, Johnny Luna a.k.a. Type Slickk, Disco Mix Competition DJs Sonny Abad, Noel Macanaya a.k.a. DJ MOD, Lopie Guzman a.k.a. DJ Ouch (also of [[DZMZ|89.1 DMZ-FM]] and RSL Sound & Lighting Company), and managed by Jesse Gonzales and DJ Gilby. Butch and Johnny were [[balikbayan]]s from the [[San Fernando Valley]] near Los Angeles, Sonny a balikbayan from [[Hercules, California|Hercules]] near the [[San Francisco Bay Area]] and Noel and Lopie native Filipinos. In 1992, Mastaplann was signed by Universal Records, where they released two records; their debut eponymous release in 1993, and in 1994, ''The Way of tha Plann''. These albums eventually obtained platinum status.
 The pioneering Pinoy hip hop act Bass Rhyme Posse released their self-titled debut album on [[VIVA Records]] in 1991, which spawned the cult hits "Let the Beat Flow", "Buhay Estudyante" ("Student Life") and "Juan T.", becoming the genre's first rap group to release a record.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}
-marked a turning point for Pinoy rap with the release of Francis M's influential second album, ''[[Rap Is Francis M]]'', which is regarded as one of the greatest Pinoy rap albums ever.{{By whom|date=March 2022}} Ushering in a socially awoken wave not seen in the Philippine music industry since the heyday of [[Juan de la Cruz Band|Juan De La Cruz]], [[Sampaguita (singer)|Sampaguita]] and 1970s [[Pinoy rock]], Magalona's tracks dissected the various cultural, social and political problems that plagued his country such as drug addiction in "Mga Praning" ("The Addicts"), political corruption and instability in "Halalan" ("Election") as well as the detrimental effects of a [[colonial mentality]] to Filipino culture in "Tayo'y Mga Pinoy" ("We Are Filipinos"). The record's complexity and socially sentient message quickly earned it its classic status and became the standard by which future albums of the genre were to be compared to.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}} Magalona's enduring contributions to the genre was recognized in the ''All Music Guide to Hip-Hop: The Definitive Guide to Rap and Hip-Hop'' (2003) published by Backbeat Books;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0879307595|title=All Music Guide to Hip-Hop: The Definitive Guide to Rap and Hip-Hop Paperback – October 1, 2003|website=Amazon.com|access-date=March 13, 2022}}</ref> as well as in the U.S.-based hip hop publication ''[[The Source (magazine)|The Source]]'' (May 2004).
+marked a turning point for Pinoy rap with the release of Francis M's influential second album, ''[[Rap Is Francis M]]'', which is regarded as one of the greatest Pinoy rap albums ever.{{By whom|date=March 2022}} Ushering in a socially awoken wave not seen in the Philippine music industry since the heyday of [[Juan de la Cruz Band|Juan De La Cruz]], [[Sampaguita (singer)|Sampaguita]] and 1970s [[Pinoy rock]], Magalona's tracks dissected the various cultural, social and political problems that plagued his country such as drug addiction in "Mga Praning" ("The Addicts"), political corruption and instability in "Halalan" ("Election") as well as the detrimental effects of a [[colonial mentality]] to Filipino culture in "Tayo'y Mga Pinoy" ("We Are Filipinos"). The record's complexity and socially sentient message quickly earned it its classic status and became the standard by which future albums of the genre were to be compared to.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}} Magalona's enduring contributions to the genre was recognized in the ''All Music Guide to Hip-Hop: The Definitive Guide to Rap and Hip-Hop'' (2003) published by Backbeat Books;<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0879307595|title=All Music Guide to Hip-Hop: The Definitive Guide to Rap and Hip-Hop Paperback – October 1, 2003|website=Amazon.com|date=October 2003 |publisher=Backbeat Books |isbn=978-0-87930-759-2 |access-date=March 13, 2022|archive-date=October 24, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024180920/http://amazon.com/gp/reader/0879307595|url-status=live}}</ref> as well as in the U.S.-based hip hop publication ''[[The Source (magazine)|The Source]]'' (May 2004).
-Another Filipino hip hop artist who achieved prominence during the 1990s is the formerly Los Angeles-based DJ Andrew E (born Andrew Espiritu), whose tracks "Humanap Ka ng Panget" ("''Look for Someone Ugly''") and "Makati Girl" (as done by Norman B. of Bass Rhyme Posse; the first Pinoy rap track recorded to contain beatboxing) became big hits in the Philippines, rivaling even Francis M's previously untouchable reign on top. Prior to landing a recording contract, the rapper had competed in various rap contests around the Philippines; the likes of which also produced Pinoy rap stars [[Michael V.]], Denmark and Martin "Bronx" Magalona. Andrew E's 1991 hit "Humanap Ka ng Pangit" was the first to spawn a plethora of response records from other rappers in the country, such as Michael V's "Maganda ang Piliin" ("''Pick Someone Pretty''"). The rapper's ability to combine unique storytelling with raunchy and humorous wordplay laced with catchy beats made Andrew the first of his kind in the genre.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.carouselpinoy.com/andrewcaroustar.html| title=Caroustar of the Month (July 2004) Andrew E.| publisher=carouselpinoy.com|access-date=January 20, 2006}}</ref> He then went on to release a movie titled ''Andrew Ford Medina: Huwag Kang Gamol'' in 1991 which was the first film in the Philippines to include a full-on [[freestyle battle]] on screen. By the mid-1990s, he had established his own record label, Dongalo Wreckords, as well as many successful rap groups, including [[Cebuano people|Cebuano]] rappers The Anthill Mobb, Madd Poets and [[Bicolano people|Bicolano]] rappers Salbakuta. The former, known for their complex and versatile lyrical ability, achieved fame with their debut album ''Ikatlong Mundo''. In 1997, Andrew E produced and hosted the first Pinoy rap television show, ''Rap 13''.
-saw the emergence of another rap group, headed by a female balikbayan from New York. The group called 4 East Flava consisted of three homegrown rapistas - Von "Mack" Padua (who was molded by Martin "The Bronxman" Magalona and now with the group Pinoy Republic), Bernard "P-Slick" Santiago, and Paul "Shorty" Navarro, two DJs (DJ Edge and DJ Mec), and Jug "Honeyluv" Ramos, hailing from New York who was known as "the rose among the thorns". They brought out the hit "Check the Hood" (used for a shoe commercial) which was misunderstood as a [[Diss track|diss]] towards Mastaplann.
-The same year, going against the wave of radio-friendly rap tracks that dominated at the time, the group [[Death Threat (hip hop musician)|Death Threat]], founded by rappers Beware and Genezide, released the first Filipino [[gangsta rap]] album which told tales of the daily lives and struggles impoverished Filipino youth faced growing up in the slums of Metro Manila titled ''Gusto Kong Bumaet'' (''I Want to Be Good'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kabayancentral.com/music/deatht.html |title=Death Threat |date=March 7, 2006 |website= |access-date=March 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060307111839/http://www.kabayancentral.com/music/deatht.html |archive-date=March 7, 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
+In 1994, going against the wave of radio-friendly rap tracks that dominated at the time, the group [[Death Threat (hip hop musician)|Death Threat]], founded by rappers Beware and Genezide, released the first Filipino [[gangsta rap]] album which told tales of the daily lives and struggles impoverished Filipino youth faced growing up in the slums of Metro Manila titled ''Gusto Kong Bumaet'' (''I Want to Be Good'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kabayancentral.com/music/deatht.html |title=Death Threat |date=March 7, 2006 |website= |access-date=March 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060307111839/http://www.kabayancentral.com/music/deatht.html |archive-date=March 7, 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
 In 1997, the underground Pinoy rap group Pamilia Dimagiba released their album ''Broke-N-Unsigned'' on Tenement Records, marking the re-emergence of the conscious emcee in Pinoy rap. A coalition of sorts, Pamilia Dimagiba composed itself of several underground Pinoy rappers and crews such as 8th Messenger, Shadowblyde, Spoon, Murder-1 of Khan's Assassins, and Young Galaxy of Iron Triangle, among others. The raw seven-track, politically minded album was a breath of fresh air at the time, as Pinoy rap during the era had taken a more hardcore, gangster persona. Known for their coarse lyrics, serious subject matter complemented by heavy beats fused within traditional Filipino folk music, the camp's records "Duelo", "Manila's Finest", "Reality Hurtz" and "Brainstorming" among others were largely in essence a throwback to the early, nationalistic Francis M inspired days of the genre.<ref name="auto"/>
@@ Line 67: / Line 61: @@
 ===2000s: The rise of Philippine hip hop scene===
 {{more citations needed|section|date=June 2020}}
+In the new millennium, Filipino hip-hop rivalled [[Pinoy rock]]'s traditional popularity amongst Filipino youth.<ref name=":1" />
-In the new millennium, Filipino hip-hop rivalled [[Pinoy rock]]'s traditional popularity amongst Filipino youth. Artists who are currently active and have released both rap albums and music videos in the Philippines since 1990 include [[Andrew E]], Denmark, Beware, K-Ozz, Michael V. and [[Gloc-9]]. Other popular rap artists and groups of the 2000s included 2 High, 6 Signs, 7 Shots of Wisdom, 8th District, Anak ni Bakuko, Lawiboi, Apokalipsis, Artstrong, Akuma, Bass Rhyme Posse, BB Clan, Black Pro, Blanktape, Boom, Brownstyle, C-4, Candy Cousart, Chill, Chinese Mafia, Circulo Pugantes, Cris Asero, Cypha-Sis, Dagtang Lason, D.O.P.E. Rekordz, D-Coy, Deceivious, DFT, Death Threat, Defuca Zapata, Down Earf, Dugong Pasay, Dugong Ponebre, EHP, El Latino, Flipz, Fungzoi, Genezide, Ghetto Doggs, [[Gio Alvarez]], Grounded, H-Bom, Heaven Scent, Hidyas Clan, Hi-Jakkk, IPK, Jawtee, John Rendez, Johnny Krush, K-9 Killaz, Kain @ Abel, Karayama, Katuga, Kawago, KFS, Kruzzada, Kulay, Kut-5 Trilogy, Lady Diane, Legit Misfitz, L-Smith, [[Lyrical Assault]], Madd Poets, Mastershock, MC Lara, M.C.M.C., MC Dash Calzado, Mega Force Crew (formerly known as Grand Assault Tribe), Rapskallion Familia, SYKE, O-Man, O.G. Sacred 1, DMJ, Mike Kosa, Mike Swift, Godswill, Mista Blaze, Misteazas, Nuztradamuz, OBLAXZ, Quickie, Rap Asia, Razzamanazz, Renegade Souljaz, Sakit ng Sucat, Salbakuta, Seedz, Sly Kane, Stick Figgas, Sun Valley Crew, Syke, Urban Flow, and Verbal Sativa.
-In 2000, the golden-era rap group Mastaplann released a third album through BMG Records, under the new sub-label, Francis M's Red Egg Records, titled ''Mastaplann.com'', a reference to their newly developed website.{{Original research inline|date=September 2010}} Additionally, the group scaled down their line-up to just Butch and Johnny, and then added Johnny Krush, another balikbayan from the San Francisco area. This album has already obtained gold status in the Philippines. Currently, the group is based in the States where they still perform and make music. Mastaplann is currently working on their fourth album, yet to be titled, to be released under True Asiatik Productionz.
 Since 2004, the Philippine Hip-Hop Music Awards has been held annually in [[Metro Manila]]. The show is reminiscent of [[The Source Awards]] in the US. Gloc-9, considered to be the fastest rapper in the Philippines and former member of the rap group [[Death Threat (hip hop group)|Death Threat]], held the title for Best Rap Artist at the awards show for four consecutive years, from 2005 to 2008, achieving mainstream popularity and releasing successful commercial albums every other year. Like the American hip hop industry, music videos have become an important trend (even containing small cameos from different Filipino rappers) and air on TV channels like [[MTV Philippines]] and [[MYX]]. Despite Metro Manila's powerful position over the music industry, rap groups in the south have started to gain their own share of popularity, like Dice & K9 a.k.a. Mobbstarr from Cebu City with their first hit single "Itsumo" in 2003,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://beta.watunes.com/artists/146-dice-k9-mobbstarr |title=Archived copy |access-date=November 4, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518233438/http://beta.watunes.com/artists/146-dice-k9-mobbstarr |archive-date=May 18, 2013 }}</ref> Thavawenyoz from Davao City with their debut album ''Hubag'' in 2005,<ref>{{cite news
@@ Line 81: / Line 73: @@
 }}</ref> and Zambo Top Dogz from Zamboanga City, known for their Chavacano rapping in the songs "Noticias" and "Conversa Ta". It is also not uncommon for Filipino-American artists to perform live, sell records, and win awards in the Philippines while living in the States, for example Pikaso from [[San Francisco]], California who won the Producer of the Year award in 2008.<ref name="titikpilipino.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.titikpilipino.com/news/?aid=1043 |title=The 4th Philippine Hip-hop Awards Results - News Section - The Online Resource for Filipino Songs |date=May 10, 2011 |website= |access-date=March 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510023946/http://www.titikpilipino.com/news/?aid=1043 |archive-date=May 10, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
+The popularity of artists such as Dice & K9 a.k.a. Mobbstarr (known for their popular [[J-pop|Japanese]] and English combination hit song "Itsumo"), Pikaso, Audible,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://myspace.com/audibleonline|title=AUDIBLE &#124; Listen and Stream Free Music, Albums, New Releases, Photos, Videos|website=Myspace.com|access-date=March 13, 2022|archive-date=March 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313162310/https://myspace.com/audibleonline|url-status=live}}</ref> and Krook and J.O.L.O., who primarily use English lyrics in their tracks, has given way to the ongoing divide between Tagalog lyricists and English lyricists. With English tracks dominating the airwaves, several Tagalog-based emcees felt a sort of bias in the Philippine music industry, which favors artists who use English rather than Filipino. The conflict over language became evident in the 2004 [[Black Eyed Peas]] concert in Manila in which rapper Mike Swift's Tagalog-based track was cut short halfway through the song due to the "English Only" policy enforced by the event's organizers towards Black Eyed Peas' opening acts.<ref>{{cite news
-In 2002, Carlo Maniquiz and Nick Tuason, together with the assistance of [[FUBU]]'s headquarters in [[New York City]], established the FUBU Philippines clothing line, opening up several stores in the Philippines. In promotion of the new franchise, Francis M released a compilation album showcasing new local hip hop talent<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2004/oct/02/yehey/enter/20041002ent4.html |title=REVOLVER By Cris O. Ramos : Urban Noypis (Part 1) |website= [[The Manila Times]]|access-date=March 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619004718/http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2004/oct/02/yehey/enter/20041002ent4.html |archive-date=June 19, 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> as well as two volumes of ''Tha Rappublic of the Philippines'' series, which featured young unsigned Filipino rap artists that were discovered through the nationwide talent search of the same name (including groups Crazy as Pinoy, Kamandag ng Marikina, and the Stick Figgas). Francis M went on to form his own clothing line in 2006 called Francis Magalona Clothing Company (FMCC) which are sold at his own branches of stores called Three Stars & a Sun.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160208095806/http://www.francismagalona.multiply.com/ {{dead link|date=March 2022}}</ref> ''The F-Word'' was an album Francis M was rumored to be working on in 2008 to follow his last album from 2000, but leukemia and other health problems interfered later that year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://philmusic.com/main/content/view/181/7/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722193143/http://philmusic.com/main/content/view/181/7/|url-status=dead|title=TALK @ PhilMusic.com - The Online Home of the Pinoy Musician - Index<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-date=July 22, 2011|access-date=March 13, 2022}}</ref>
-The popularity of artists such as Dice & K9 a.k.a. Mobbstarr (known for their popular [[J-pop|Japanese]] and English combination hit song "Itsumo"), Pikaso, Audible,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://myspace.com/audibleonline|title=AUDIBLE &#124; Listen and Stream Free Music, Albums, New Releases, Photos, Videos|website=Myspace.com|access-date=March 13, 2022}}</ref> and Krook and J.O.L.O., who primarily use English lyrics in their tracks, has given way to the ongoing divide between Tagalog lyricists and English lyricists. With English tracks dominating the airwaves, several Tagalog-based emcees felt a sort of bias in the Philippine music industry, which favors artists who use English rather than Filipino. The conflict over language became evident in the 2004 [[Black Eyed Peas]] concert in Manila in which rapper Mike Swift's Tagalog-based track was cut short halfway through the song due to the "English Only" policy enforced by the event's organizers towards Black Eyed Peas' opening acts.<ref>{{cite news
 |url = http://www.inq7.net/lif/2004/jun/12/lif_3-1.htm
 |title = Hakbang, Pilipinas!
 |newspaper = [[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]
-|date= June 12, 2004
+|date = June 12, 2004
+|access-date = February 7, 2006
+|archive-date = December 2, 2005
+|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20051202102318/http://www.inq7.net/lif/2004/jun/12/lif_3-1.htm
+|url-status = live
 }}</ref>
-Rap group Salbakuta, under Andrew E's Dongalo Wreckords, recorded the track "Ayoko ng Ganitong...", which contained lyrics partly attacking such "English Only" Pinoy rap artists.
 In 2006, the group Stick Figgas,<ref>http://myspace.com/stickfiggas6000 {{dead link|date=November 2012}}</ref> runners-up in Francis M's ''Rappublic of the Philippines'' talent search, released their debut album ''Critical Condition'' under joint-release with Dice & K9's ''6000 Goonz'' imprint and Francis M's Red Egg Records sub-label, which, amidst critical acclaim, sparked a resurgence and renaissance of sorts in Tagalog rap. The Stick Figgas relied on clever punchlines, creative lyricism and intricate rhyme schemes, re-introducing a technical poignancy that has been absent in Tagalog rap since B.B. Clan's first album ''Mabanges''. This rap style has arguably inspired the current generation of Tagalog rappers to place much more emphasis on multi-syllable rhyme schemes, punchlines and metaphors than before.
-In 2009, after the death of Francis Magalona, independent rap labels and production emerged in the local rap scene such as Wika Records of D-Coy and PR Records and Entertainment (as owned by Von Padua of Pinoy Republic), Pikaso's Hustlin Records, Longevity Records and Turbulence Records, and Young JV's Doin' It Big Productions. Pinoy hip hop fashion has also emerged such as Pinoy Republic, Turf Clothing, Rapista Clothing, Boss Balita and Wika following Francis M's clothing line FMCC.
 ===2010s: FlipTop battle league, trap genre emergence and second golden age===
 {{more citations needed|section|date=June 2020}}
-The influence of the original rap battle leagues in the West – Grind Time Now (U.S.), [[King of the Dot]] (Canada) and [[Don't Flop]] (UK) – all founded in 2008, inspired the creation of other battle leagues around the world, [[FlipTop]] being one of them, in 2010. This local rap battle competition typically involves both parties (either 2 rappers or 2 duos) hailing mudslinging words and rhymes at each other, who are then judged at the end based on a number of factors including flow and use of insults/punchlines and audience impact. The one with the most votes from the judges is declared winner. Some popular artists who participate in FlipTop include Loonie, Smugglaz, [[Abra (rapper)|Abra]], [[Dello (rapper)|Dello]], [[Bassilyo]], Batas and BLKD. Many other amateur rap battles arose such as Sunugan, Bolero Rap Battles, Bahay Katay, etc. The emcees also began to make and produce their own music.
+The influence of the original rap battle leagues in the West – Grind Time Now (U.S.), [[King of the Dot]] (Canada) and [[Don't Flop]] (UK) – all founded in 2008, inspired the creation of other battle leagues around the world, [[FlipTop]] being one of them, in 2010. This local rap battle competition typically involves both parties (either 2 rappers or 2 duos) hailing mudslinging words and rhymes at each other, who are then judged at the end based on a number of factors including flow and use of insults/punchlines and audience impact. The one with the most votes from the judges is declared winner. FlipTop gained millions of views online, as it reminded viewers of the [[Balagtasan]] format, a type of debate done through verse named after the father of Filipino poetry [[Francisco Balagtas]].<ref name=":1" />
-Famous battle emcees turned musicians from the early 2010s period include Abra, [[Shehyee]], Loonie, Smugglaz and Bassilyo. Shehyee signed with Viva Records while Loonie and Bassilyo signed with Universal Records and MCA Music, respectively. However, Abra founded his own Artifice Records that eventually became defunct.
-During the late 2000s up to the early 2010s, some Filipino rap artists began to concentrate and incorporate homosexuality issues into their songs. In 2009, an indie rap group named Dagtang Lason released a song called "Nagmahal Ako ng Bakla", a song about lads who prefer to love a gay because of their disappointment with girls. The song became popular among teens, [[Internet café]]s and the [[jejemon]] culture at the time.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}} In 2012, [[Gloc-9]] released the song "[[Sirena (Gloc-9 song)|Sirena]]", in which the music video features a [[Bakla (Philippines)|gay]] person from his childhood to teenage years being abused by his father. Also in 2012, [[Abra (rapper)|Abra]] released "[[Gayuma]]", which features a man who is in love with his partner, but it turns out the partner is a gay, which the man realizes later on after being given a potion.
-By 2015, several prominent [[Trap music|trap]] and hip-hop recording artists emerged with notable hits including unknowns from the underground scene. The most popular artists which carries styles mixed with [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] associated with trap beats influenced by Western hip-hop nowadays includes hip-hop collective [[Ex Battalion]] (whose hit "Hayaan Mo Sila" almost topped the now defunct ''Billboard'' Philippines Top 20 chart) and teen artists [[Shanti Dope]] (with hits including "Nadarang" and Mau"), kiyo, [[Angelo Acosta]] and Because. Rising star BJ Castillano (popularly known as Because) struck a deal with Viva Records after his track titled "Marlboro Black", first released on the platform [[SoundCloud]] became popular. Other names include [[Al James]], Arvey, [[Skusta Clee]] and his own trap/hip-hop trio, [[O.C. Dawgs]], with the track "Pauwi Nako" that became a nationwide hit in 2019. Filipino hip-hop acts also began to incorporate trending hip-hop sub-genres from the U.S. in their tracks such as [[lo-fi]] and [[Trap music|trap soul]]. Significant projects of the time included Gatilyo (BLKD), The Lesser of Your Greater Friends (Calix), Manila Circle Jerk (Den Sy Ty), IKUGAN (Calix), as well as BLKD and Calix's collaborative effort ''[[Kolateral]]''. Hip-hop groups like ALLMO$T and Manila Grey (based in Canada) also made a huge influence and garnered tens of millions of streams from Filipino music listeners in 2019. Their tracks were used in social media challenges like the "Dalagang Pilipina Challenge" which uses the track "Dalaga" by ALLMO$T, one of the most streamed hip-hop tracks in 2019.
-Since 2017, the local hip-hop underground scene led by prominent hip-hop collectives such as Baryo Berde, 727 Clique, OWFUCK, 357 Pro (Rekta Sa Kalye) and Bawal Clan were established.
 ===2020s: The expansion of Pinoy hip hop scene===
-In late 2019, MCA Music (now UMG/UMUSIC Philippines) launched Def Jam Philippines, a new label dedicated to established and up-and-coming hip hop and R&B acts. <ref>{{cite news |last1=Basbas |first1=Franchesca Judine |title=Def Jam Philippines "brings together the best of Filipino hip-hop" in their 'REKOGNIZE All-Stars' mixtape series |url=https://www.bandwagon.asia/articles/def-jam-philippines-brings-together-the-old-and-new-in-their-debut-recognize-mixtape-matthaios-alisson-shore-mike-swift-fateeha-scye-universal-music-2021#:~:text=As%20part%20of%20the%20lineup,%2C%20Alisson%20Shore%2C%20Mike%20Swift%2C |access-date=July 16, 2022 |work=Bandwagon.asia |date=April 19, 2021}}</ref>
+In late 2019, MCA Music (now UMG/UMUSIC Philippines) launched Def Jam Philippines, a new label dedicated to established and up-and-coming hip hop and R&B acts.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Basbas |first1=Franchesca Judine |title=Def Jam Philippines "brings together the best of Filipino hip-hop" in their 'REKOGNIZE All-Stars' mixtape series |url=https://www.bandwagon.asia/articles/def-jam-philippines-brings-together-the-old-and-new-in-their-debut-recognize-mixtape-matthaios-alisson-shore-mike-swift-fateeha-scye-universal-music-2021#:~:text=As%20part%20of%20the%20lineup,%2C%20Alisson%20Shore%2C%20Mike%20Swift%2C |access-date=July 16, 2022 |work=Bandwagon.asia |date=April 19, 2021 |archive-date=February 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207051820/https://www.bandwagon.asia/articles/def-jam-philippines-brings-together-the-old-and-new-in-their-debut-recognize-mixtape-matthaios-alisson-shore-mike-swift-fateeha-scye-universal-music-2021#:~:text=As%20part%20of%20the%20lineup,%2C%20Alisson%20Shore%2C%20Mike%20Swift%2C |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2021, 8 Ballin', a hip hop collective group from Rizal, took the Pinoy hip hop spotlight after the music video of their controversial hit single "Know Me" became viral on YouTube and has been became the talk of the town on social media because of [[Internet Meme|memes]] and their [[mumble rap]]ping, and caught the attention of Def Jam Philippines which led the collective group to join the label.<ref>{{cite news |title=Filipino Hip-Hop Group 8 Ballin' Signs with Def Jam Philippines |url=https://www.onemusic.ph/news/filipino-rap-group-8-ballin-signs-def-jam-philippines-6258 |access-date=July 16, 2022 |work=One Music PH |date=August 8, 2021 |archive-date=July 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716161404/https://www.onemusic.ph/news/filipino-rap-group-8-ballin-signs-def-jam-philippines-6258 |url-status=live }}</ref> Other hiphop artists Def Jam have signed include JMara, Fateeha, VVS Collective, and [[Karencitta]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-19 |title=Karencitta Signs with Def Jam Philippines -New Single "Blow" Out Now |url=https://www.umusic.ph/post/karencitta-signs-with-def-jam-philippines-new-single-blow-out-now |access-date=2023-08-14 |website=Welcome to UMUSIC |language=en}}</ref>
+The 2020s also gave the rise of Filipino-American rapper [[Ez Mil]]. He gained fame in 2021 after his performance of his song "[[Panalo (Trap Cariñosa)]]" on the [[Wish 107.5|Wish]] Bus USA went viral, amassing millions of views in just a few days after premiering on [[YouTube]] on January 29.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 10, 2021 |title=Fil-Am artist Ez Mil signs up with Virgin Music, releases Pacquiao version of 'Panalo' |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/06/10/fil-am-artist-ez-mil-signs-up-with-virgin-music-releases-pacquiao-version-of-panalo/ |access-date=April 17, 2022 |website=Manila Bulletin |language=en-US |archive-date=April 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417014304/https://mb.com.ph/2021/06/10/fil-am-artist-ez-mil-signs-up-with-virgin-music-releases-pacquiao-version-of-panalo/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023, Ez Mil was signed to labels owned by [[Eminem]] and [[Dr. Dre]].<ref name=":1" /> Other Filipino-American rappers of the 2020s include [[Ruby Ibarra]], Klassy, [[Rocky Rivera]], and [[Guapdad 4000]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-08 |title=Island Women Rise: The Triumphs and Struggles of Filipino-American Artists |url=https://hypebae.com/2020/3/ruby-ibarra-klassy-rocky-rivera-faith-santilla-filipino-american-hip-hop-artists-female-empowerment-immigrants-interview |access-date=2023-08-14 |website=Hypebae}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=February 25, 2021 |title=Guapdad 4000 on staying true to his Filipino-American roots: "It's really humbling to be able to be a champion for my culture and my people" |url=https://www.bandwagon.asia/articles/guapdad-4000-filipino-american-rapper-88-rising-paradise-rising-1176-how-many-philippines-interview-hip-hop-2021 |access-date=August 14, 2023 |website=Bandwagon {{!}} Music media championing and spotlighting music in Asia. |language=en}}</ref>
-In 2021, 8 Ballin', a hip hop collective group from Rizal, took the Pinoy hip hop spotlight after the music video of their controversial hit single "Know Me" became viral on YouTube and has been became the talk of the town on social media because of [[Internet Meme|memes]] and their [[Mumble rap|mumble rapping]], and caught the attention of Def Jam Philippines which led the collective group to join the label.<ref>{{cite news |title=Filipino Hip-Hop Group 8 Ballin' Signs with Def Jam Philippines |url=https://www.onemusic.ph/news/filipino-rap-group-8-ballin-signs-def-jam-philippines-6258 |access-date=July 16, 2022 |work=One Music PH |date=August 8, 2021}}</ref>
+The 2020s also saw a change in hiphop, as rap began containing elements of [[Harana (serenade)|harana music]]. Leading this change was Hev Abi, a rapper from [[Quezon City]] who topped the [[Spotify]] charts.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Gil |first=Baby A. |date=February 3, 2024 |title=Pinoy hip-hop is taking over the charts |url=https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2024/02/03/2330430/pinoy-hip-hop-taking-over-charts |access-date=April 22, 2024 |website=Philstar.com}}</ref> Other Filipino rappers who gained prominence during this decade include Lo Ki, [[Flow G]], and O Side Mafia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gil |first=Baby A. |date=December 30, 2022 |title=The biggest hits of 2022 |url=https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2022/12/30/2234077/biggest-hits-2022 |access-date=August 14, 2023 |website=Philstar.com}}</ref><ref name=":5" />
-The 2020s also gave the rise of Filipino-American rapper [[Ez Mil]]. He gained fame in 2021 after his performance of his song "[[Panalo (Trap Cariñosa)]]" on the [[Wish 107.5|Wish]] Bus USA went viral, amassing millions of views in just a few days after premiering on [[YouTube]] on January 29.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 10, 2021 |title=Fil-Am artist Ez Mil signs up with Virgin Music, releases Pacquiao version of 'Panalo' |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/06/10/fil-am-artist-ez-mil-signs-up-with-virgin-music-releases-pacquiao-version-of-panalo/ |access-date=April 17, 2022 |website=Manila Bulletin |language=en-US}}</ref>
 ==Other elements of hip hop==
@@ Line 122: / Line 104: @@
 ===Beatbox===
-[[Beatboxing]] is another element of hip-hop; Xam Penalba a.k.a. The Bigg X represented the Philippines at the Beatbox World Championship in May 2015 at the Astra Kulturhaus Berline. He is a member of the Philippine Human Beatbox Alliance and beatbox group Microphone Mechanics with members G-Who, Leaf, Mouthfx and Abdhul.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pinoy beatbox pride to compete at the Beatbox Battle World Championships|url=http://www.philippine-embassy.de/bln/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1349&Itemid=190|website=Embassy of the Republic of the Philippines|access-date=August 23, 2016}}</ref>
+[[Beatboxing]] is another element of hip-hop; Xam Penalba a.k.a. The Bigg X represented the Philippines at the Beatbox World Championship in May 2015 at the Astra Kulturhaus Berline. He is a member of the Philippine Human Beatbox Alliance and beatbox group Microphone Mechanics with members G-Who, Leaf, Mouthfx and Abdhul.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pinoy beatbox pride to compete at the Beatbox Battle World Championships|url=http://www.philippine-embassy.de/bln/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1349&Itemid=190|website=Embassy of the Republic of the Philippines|access-date=August 23, 2016|archive-date=August 26, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826085623/http://www.philippine-embassy.de/bln/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1349&Itemid=190|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 ==Filipino-American hip-hop==
 ===Birth of a culture===
-Filipino-American hip-hop culture bases its historical roots in the [[Filipino American]], [[Latino American]] and [[African-American]] neighborhoods along the [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]], specifically in [[Los Angeles]], the [[San Francisco Bay Area]], and [[San Diego]]. The movement that had been born in the [[South Bronx]] among [[Jamaica]]n, [[Puerto Rican American|Puerto Rican]] and African-American youth in turn had its West Coast identity formed within the respective African-American, Filipino and Latino communities. Similar to the Filipino-American [[zoot suit]]ers, be-boppers and ballroom dancers of previous generations, the dynamics within these respective communities reincarnated itself once again in the form of hip hop.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oovrag.com/essays/essay2003a-1.shtml|title=With Style: Filipino Americans and the Making of American Urban Culture by Victor Hugo Viesca|website=Oovrag.com|access-date=March 13, 2022}}</ref> Since the 1990 Census, Filipino Americans have made up the second largest Asian Pacific American group in the United States (after Chinese Americans),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/censr-17.pdf|title=We the People : Asians in the United States|website=Census.gov|access-date=March 13, 2022}}</ref> and, until 2000, were the largest Asian group in California. In West Coast hip hop, their role has been comparable to that of Puerto Rican artists on the East Coast, who were an integral part, along with African Americans, in the creation of the foundations of hip hop culture.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}
+Filipino-American hip-hop culture bases its historical roots in the [[Filipino American]], [[Latino American]] and [[African-American]] neighborhoods along the [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]], specifically in [[Los Angeles]], the [[San Francisco Bay Area]], and [[San Diego]]. The movement that had been born in the [[South Bronx]] among [[Jamaica]]n, [[Puerto Rican American|Puerto Rican]] and African-American youth in turn had its West Coast identity formed within the respective African-American, Filipino and Latino communities. Similar to the Filipino-American [[zoot suit]]ers, be-boppers and ballroom dancers of previous generations, the dynamics within these respective communities reincarnated itself once again in the form of hip hop.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oovrag.com/essays/essay2003a-1.shtml|title=With Style: Filipino Americans and the Making of American Urban Culture by Victor Hugo Viesca|website=Oovrag.com|access-date=March 13, 2022|archive-date=June 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602062243/https://oovrag.com/essays/essay2003a-1.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> Since the 1990 Census, Filipino Americans have made up the second largest Asian Pacific American group in the United States (after Chinese Americans),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/censr-17.pdf|title=We the People : Asians in the United States|website=Census.gov|access-date=March 13, 2022|archive-date=March 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301185843/http://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/censr-17.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and, until 2000, were the largest Asian group in California. In West Coast hip hop, their role has been comparable to that of Puerto Rican artists on the East Coast, who were an integral part, along with African Americans, in the creation of the foundations of hip hop culture.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}
-As early as the late 1970s, during [[hip hop music|hip hop]]'s infancy, pioneering mobile [[San Francisco Bay Area|Bay Area]] Filipino mobile [[Disc jockey|DJ]] crews such as Sound Explosion, Unlimited Sounds, Electric Sounds, Fusion, Ladda Sounds, 3-Style Attractions, Ultimate Creations, Sound Patrol, Soundsation, Sound City Productions, Kicks Company, Images, Non-Stop Boogie, Imperial Sounds, Unique Musique, Nite Life Sensations, Rok A Long and Sound Sequence among many others helped capitalize on the massive Filipino party scene by introducing the newly formed genre of music while spreading its popularity throughout [[South San Francisco]] and its surrounding areas through paid gigs in house/block parties, family gatherings, school pep rallies, weddings and church halls; primarily playing and mixing [[Electro (music)|electro funk]] alongside [[Freestyle music|Latin freestyle]]. Rival crews would often one-up each other by showcasing superior equipment and providing elaborate set-ups. Early mobile DJ stars included DJ Ren (born Rene Anies), founder of one of the first Filipino American DJ crews Electric Sounds, DJ Dynamix (born Dave Refuerzo) of Sound Patrol who established 3-Style Attractions, a widely known mobile DJ crew in the Bay Area, and DJ D-Styles (born Dave Cuasito), who in 1987 established the mobile DJ crew Sound City Productions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.premiereartistsgroup.com/roster/d-styles.php |title=D-Styles |website= |access-date=March 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061021162822/http://www.premiereartistsgroup.com/roster/d-styles.php |archive-date=October 21, 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1983, a real-estate agent by the name of Mark Bradford established Imagine, which began primarily as a showcase for Filipino DJ talent in and around the Bay Area and came to serve as the premier event for DJs until the founders' murder in 1991. The movement reached its pinnacle in 1987, when more than one hundred mobile DJ crews participated in DJ sound clashes and showcases. By the late 1980s, the "[[Mobile disc jockey|mobile DJ]]" movement had declined in popularity and had given way to the "[[turntablist]]", largely due to the rise of [[DJ Qbert|Q-Bert]] and the innovation of [[scratching]] within the DJ community. The legacy of the "mobile DJ" lived on however, because many of the Bay Area turntablists that went on to define the art in the 1990s such as Q-Bert himself, along with DJ Shortkut, often had their beginnings in mobile DJ work.<ref>http://sfbg.com/noise/01-01/fili.htmll {{dead link|date=March 2022}}</ref>  Also in New York City, early hip hop musician and salsa legend [[Joe Bataan]] (half Filipino and half African American) had one of the first rap hits, "Rap-O Clap-O" in 1979, released on his [[Salsoul Records|Salsoul]] label.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.discomusic.com/records-more/2030_0_2_0_C/ |title=Joe Bataan-Rap-O Clap-O (Brazilian 12")-Vinyl Records-Cover Art-Disco Music .com |date=March 6, 2004 |website= |access-date=March 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040306004345/http://www.discomusic.com/records-more/2030_0_2_0_C/ |archive-date=March 6, 2004 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1981, DJ Nasty Nes (of Rap Attack and NastyMix Records fame) of [[Seattle]] launched the specialty show ''Fresh Tracks'' on Seattle's 1250 KFOX introducing the first ever hip-hop radio station on the West Coast. He went on to serve as the DJ for pioneering Seattle rapper [[Sir Mix-A-Lot]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.rapattacklives.com/nastynews_181.htm| title=Interview with West Coast Pioneer Nasty Nes| publisher=rapattacklives.com| date=May 6, 2005| access-date=December 25, 2005| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060220091634/http://www.rapattacklives.com/nastynews_181.htm| archive-date=February 20, 2006}}</ref>
+As early as the late 1970s, during [[hip hop music|hip hop]]'s infancy, pioneering mobile [[San Francisco Bay Area|Bay Area]] Filipino mobile [[Disc jockey|DJ]] crews such as Sound Explosion, Unlimited Sounds, Electric Sounds, Fusion, Ladda Sounds, 3-Style Attractions, Ultimate Creations, Sound Patrol, Soundsation, Sound City Productions, Kicks Company, Images, Non-Stop Boogie, Imperial Sounds, Unique Musique, Nite Life Sensations, Rok A Long and Sound Sequence among many others helped capitalize on the massive Filipino party scene by introducing the newly formed genre of music while spreading its popularity throughout [[South San Francisco]] and its surrounding areas through paid gigs in house/block parties, family gatherings, school pep rallies, weddings and church halls; primarily playing and mixing [[Electro (music)|electro funk]] alongside [[Freestyle music|Latin freestyle]]. Rival crews would often one-up each other by showcasing superior equipment and providing elaborate set-ups. Early mobile DJ stars included DJ Ren (born Rene Anies), founder of one of the first Filipino American DJ crews Electric Sounds, DJ Dynamix (born Dave Refuerzo) of Sound Patrol who established 3-Style Attractions, a widely known mobile DJ crew in the Bay Area, and DJ D-Styles (born Dave Cuasito), who in 1987 established the mobile DJ crew Sound City Productions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.premiereartistsgroup.com/roster/d-styles.php |title=D-Styles |website= |access-date=March 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061021162822/http://www.premiereartistsgroup.com/roster/d-styles.php |archive-date=October 21, 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1983, a real-estate agent by the name of Mark Bradford established Imagine, which began primarily as a showcase for Filipino DJ talent in and around the Bay Area and came to serve as the premier event for DJs until the founders' murder in 1991. The movement reached its pinnacle in 1987, when more than one hundred mobile DJ crews participated in DJ sound clashes and showcases. By the late 1980s, the "[[Mobile disc jockey|mobile DJ]]" movement had declined in popularity and had given way to the "[[turntablist]]", largely due to the rise of [[DJ Qbert|Q-Bert]] and the innovation of [[scratching]] within the DJ community. The legacy of the "mobile DJ" lived on however, because many of the Bay Area turntablists that went on to define the art in the 1990s such as Q-Bert himself, along with DJ Shortkut, often had their beginnings in mobile DJ work.<ref>http://sfbg.com/noise/01-01/fili.htmll {{dead link|date=March 2022}}</ref> Also in New York City, early hip hop musician and salsa legend [[Joe Bataan]] (half Filipino and half African American) had one of the first rap hits, "Rap-O Clap-O" in 1979, released on his [[Salsoul Records|Salsoul]] label.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.discomusic.com/records-more/2030_0_2_0_C/ |title=Joe Bataan-Rap-O Clap-O (Brazilian 12")-Vinyl Records-Cover Art-Disco Music .com |date=March 6, 2004 |website= |access-date=March 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040306004345/http://www.discomusic.com/records-more/2030_0_2_0_C/ |archive-date=March 6, 2004 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1981, DJ Nasty Nes (of Rap Attack and NastyMix Records fame) of [[Seattle]] launched the specialty show ''Fresh Tracks'' on Seattle's 1250 KFOX introducing the first ever hip-hop radio station on the West Coast. He went on to serve as the DJ for pioneering Seattle rapper [[Sir Mix-A-Lot]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.rapattacklives.com/nastynews_181.htm| title=Interview with West Coast Pioneer Nasty Nes| publisher=rapattacklives.com| date=May 6, 2005| access-date=December 25, 2005| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060220091634/http://www.rapattacklives.com/nastynews_181.htm| archive-date=February 20, 2006}}</ref>
-In the 1980s, several legendary Filipino b-boy groups such as the Renegade Rockers, Knuckleneck Tribe, Rock Force Crew, Daly City Breakers, Jughead Tribe and Concrete Rockers also emerged from the Bay Area rivaling even the [[New York City]]-based [[Rock Steady Crew]], whose official West Coast contingent is known to consist of several Filipino American members.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.daveyd.com/filipinews.html| title=Filipinos and Hip-Hop Culture| publisher=daveyd.com| date=June 12, 1997| access-date=December 25, 2005}}</ref> Kalifornia Noize Terrorists' Paul Sirate, better known as P-Kid<ref name="P-Kid">P-Kid (listed under the category ''B-boys/girls'') is the same person as Pikaso (Mr. Sirate), listed under the category ''Producers''</ref> emerged from the Bay Area becoming one of the early premier breakdancers and later went on to MCing and producing, lacing tracks for the likes of the [[Bronx]]'s [[Terror Squad (group)|Terror Squad]] and L.A.'s [[Pharcyde]]. Elsewhere in the Bay Area, pioneering Filipina rapper Lani Luv (born Melanie Cagonot) became one of the early West Coast female MCs.
+In the 1980s, several legendary Filipino b-boy groups such as the Renegade Rockers, Knuckleneck Tribe, Rock Force Crew, Daly City Breakers, Jughead Tribe and Concrete Rockers also emerged from the Bay Area rivaling even the [[New York City]]-based [[Rock Steady Crew]], whose official West Coast contingent is known to consist of several Filipino American members.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.daveyd.com/filipinews.html| title=Filipinos and Hip-Hop Culture| publisher=daveyd.com| date=June 12, 1997| access-date=December 25, 2005| archive-date=October 12, 2005| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051012201949/http://www.daveyd.com/filipinews.html| url-status=live}}</ref> Kalifornia Noize Terrorists' Paul Sirate, better known as P-Kid<ref name="P-Kid">P-Kid (listed under the category ''B-boys/girls'') is the same person as Pikaso (Mr. Sirate), listed under the category ''Producers''</ref> emerged from the Bay Area becoming one of the early premier breakdancers and later went on to MCing and producing, lacing tracks for the likes of the [[Bronx]]'s [[Terror Squad (group)|Terror Squad]] and L.A.'s [[Pharcyde]]. Elsewhere in the Bay Area, pioneering Filipina rapper Lani Luv (born Melanie Cagonot) became one of the early West Coast female MCs.
 Several tagging crews such as Oakland's Those Damn Kids (TDK) were some of the originators of "[[Graffiti art|graf art]]" on the West Coast. It was during this time in 1983 that TDK's King Dream (born Michael Francisco) surfaced out of the graf art world. Francisco utilized his pieces to celebrate, express and educate from his own Filipino American background in order to promote tolerance while simultaneously strengthening bonds with others from differing cultures, eventually achieving international recognition.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dreamtdk.com/Media/almag.html |title=The Dream Kontinues - Media Archive<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=February 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301222300/http://www.dreamtdk.com/Media/almag.html |archive-date=March 1, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Now deceased (Dream was murdered in 2000),<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dreamtdk.com/Media/revol.html |title=The Dream Kontinues - Media Archive<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=February 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301222322/http://www.dreamtdk.com/Media/revol.html |archive-date=March 1, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> he is considered by many to have been one of the greatest and most influential graf writers whose work had been expressive of his urban environment while focusing on social issues concerning not only Filipino Americans, but also other people of color in America such as police brutality, racism, nationwide liberation and rebellion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dreamtdk.com/biography.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301222256/http://dreamtdk.com/biography.html|url-status=dead|title=The Dream Kontinues - www.dreamtdk.com<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-date=March 1, 2012|access-date=March 13, 2022}}</ref>
+Even further north of the American border in Canada, Filipino hip hop has established an active scene, with the likes of [[Montreal]]'s New Elementz, [[Vancouver]]'s conscious rap-tandem The On Point Collective,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://myspace.com/theopc|title=On Point Collective (theopc) on Myspace|website=Myspace.com|access-date=March 13, 2022|archive-date=March 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313162309/https://myspace.com/theopc|url-status=live}}</ref> the veteran emcee Jae Spillz,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://myspace.com/jaespillz|title=JaE sPiLLz (SOCAN/ASCAP) &#124; Listen and Stream Free Music, Albums, New Releases, Photos, Videos|website=Myspace.com|access-date=March 13, 2022|archive-date=March 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307024129/https://myspace.com/jaespillz|url-status=live}}</ref> Filipino rapper One3D,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://one3d.ph/|title=One3D &#124; Independent Rapper-Producer from Manila, Philippines|website=One3D.ph|access-date=March 13, 2022|archive-date=March 18, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318031939/https://one3d.ph/|url-status=live}}</ref> and the hip hop power label Cashtown Records;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XDJ7Ho0l8AI|title=CASHTOWN featuring SAGA TOUCH/FRANCHIZZE - "Tip It Up" {OFFICIAL VIDEO}|access-date=March 13, 2022|via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> home to a variety of artists including the underground Tagalog emcees Franchizze One and Lyrikal Abstrakt, or Dos Armados, who went on to form their own label subsidiary, Southeast Cartel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://southeastcartel.blogspot.com/|title=Southeast Cartel|website=Southeastcartel.blogspot.com|access-date=March 13, 2022|archive-date=December 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215042821/http://southeastcartel.blogspot.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>
-Although generally associated with the West Coast with individuals and groups such as [[Blue Scholars]] and Native Guns, Filipino American hip hop is increasingly represented by emcees in other regions, from East Coast performers such as [[Q-York]] hailing from Queens, New York (currently residing in the Philippines) to Midwestern groups such as Chicago's The Pacifics. West Coast rapper/producer hailing from Los Angeles, Sevenes, is known for his track "Lakas" being the first Tagalog rap song to feature on an American TV show, on ''[[NCIS: Los Angeles]]''. Maryland's Gagong Rapper crew gained fame in the early 2000s by flooding the Internet with their home-recordings and heading the underground sub-label Sandamukal Records. L.A.'s Grupo ni Berdugo and Sunog Baga, under F.O.B Entertainment, has recently been making names for themselves, the latter being signed by Andrew E's Dongalo Wreckordz and opening up for [[Gloc-9]]'s L.A. show. Hailing from San Jose, California, Yung Rizzo of Fly High Music Group, who is another Filipino American solo hip hop artist who has established himself from this region. Yung Rizzo's versatility and unique style of delivery has earned both national and international acclaim. Yung Rizzo debuted the Spotify [[Viral 50]] (Philippines) chart in 2020 and #1 on iTunes Hip Hop Top 200 (Philippines) in 2021 as a 100% independent artist, currently he is working on projects that include singles featuring mainstream artists [[The Jacka]] of the [[Mob Figaz]] and [[Mistah F.A.B.]], who are featured on his debut album ''Back of My Mind''.
-Even further north of the American border in Canada, Filipino hip hop has established an active scene, with the likes of [[Montreal]]'s New Elementz, [[Vancouver]]'s conscious rap-tandem The On Point Collective,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://myspace.com/theopc|title=On Point Collective (theopc) on Myspace|website=Myspace.com|access-date=March 13, 2022}}</ref> the veteran emcee Jae Spillz,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://myspace.com/jaespillz|title=JaE sPiLLz (SOCAN/ASCAP) &#124; Listen and Stream Free Music, Albums, New Releases, Photos, Videos|website=Myspace.com|access-date=March 13, 2022}}</ref> Filipino rapper One3D,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://one3d.ph/|title=One3D &#124; Independent Rapper-Producer from Manila, Philippines|website=One3D.ph|access-date=March 13, 2022}}</ref> and the hip hop power label Cashtown Records;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XDJ7Ho0l8AI|title=CASHTOWN featuring SAGA TOUCH/FRANCHIZZE - "Tip It Up" {OFFICIAL VIDEO}|access-date=March 13, 2022|via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> home to a variety of artists including the underground Tagalog emcees Franchizze One and Lyrikal Abstrakt, or Dos Armados, who went on to form their own label subsidiary, Southeast Cartel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://southeastcartel.blogspot.com|title=Southeast Cartel|website=Southeastcartel.blogspot.com|access-date=March 13, 2022}}</ref>
 ===Rise of the turntablists===
@@ Line 143: / Line 123: @@
 In 1996, the International Turntable Federation, which hosts the largest international turntablist competitions, was established by Alex Aquino. DJ Glaze of Long Beach's Foesum have together been staples in the West Coast gangster rap scene since the [[G-funk]] era of the 1990s. [[DJ Babu]] (born Chris Oroc) has gained notoriety for his work with the turtablism group [[Beat Junkies]] and the alternative hip hop act [[Dilated Peoples]]. Many other notable DJ champions from other countries around the world such as [[Canada]], [[Australia]], [[Japan]] and [[Germany]] have also been of Filipino descent.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.daveyd.com/FullArticles%5CarticleN270.asp|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081118191052/http://www.daveyd.com/FullArticles/articleN270.asp|url-status=dead|title=Davey D's Hip-Hop Corner: The New Source For The Hip-Hop Generation<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-date=November 18, 2008|access-date=March 13, 2022}}</ref>
-Other notable DJs include Joseph "DJ ELITE" Netherland (Hawaiʻi's first hip hop DJ champion in 1990),<ref>Moniz, Melissa. (August 4, 2006) ''[http://archives.midweek.com/content/story/theweekend_coverstory/hip_hop_island_style/ MidWeek Weekend Cover Story: Hip Hop, Island Style.]'' Page 1.</ref><ref>Wilhelm, Kalani. (July 8, 2009) ''[https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/56372/1/July_8_2009_Vol_19_No_27OCR.pdf Honoulu Weekly: Spin Zone, "The Elitist".]'' Volume 19, Number 27, Page 11.</ref><ref>Wilhelm, Kalani. (December 12, 2012) ''[https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/56548/1/December_12_2012_Vol_22_No_50OCR.pdf Honoulu Weekly: Spin Zone, "Technological Elitism."]'' Volume 22, Number 50, Page 11.</ref> DJ Kuttin Kandi (the first woman to place in the US finals of the prestigious DMC USA competition in 1998),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/web/academics/centers/hitchcock/publications/amr/v43-2/hisama.php|title=Brooklyn College {{!}} DJ Kuttin Kandi: Performing Feminism|website=Brooklyn.cuny.edu|access-date=August 29, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Mike's Old Stuff|title=Kuttin Kandi at 1998 DMC US Finals|date=August 24, 2015|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0LqnsBFhE8|access-date=August 29, 2016}}</ref> DJ Roli Rho (1999 East Coast regional DMC Champ/1999 & 2000 Vibe Music Seminar Champion of New York City's 5th Platoon), DJ Icy Ice of Los Angeles' [[KDAY]] 93.5 FM, DJ E-Man of Los Angeles' [[Power 106]] FM, DJ Marlino a.k.a. da5footafunk of San Diego's [[XHITZ-FM]] Z90.3, DJ Enferno (2003 US DMC Champ/2003 1st runner-up DMC World) and DJ Geometrix of the Trooperz Crew, both from the Washington DC area, and DJ Manila Ice (2007 DMC US finalist) and DJ Jester a.k.a. the Filipino Fist, both from Texas. Two longtime staples for entertainment in Sacramento are DJ Eddie Edul and DJ Billy Lane.
+Other notable DJs include Joseph "DJ ELITE" Netherland (Hawaiʻi's first hip hop DJ champion in 1990),<ref>Moniz, Melissa. (August 4, 2006) ''[http://archives.midweek.com/content/story/theweekend_coverstory/hip_hop_island_style/ MidWeek Weekend Cover Story: Hip Hop, Island Style.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130183637/http://archives.midweek.com/content/story/theweekend_coverstory/hip_hop_island_style/ |date=November 30, 2021 }}'' Page 1.</ref><ref>Wilhelm, Kalani. (July 8, 2009) ''[https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/56372/1/July_8_2009_Vol_19_No_27OCR.pdf Honoulu Weekly: Spin Zone, "The Elitist".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130185425/https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/56372/1/July_8_2009_Vol_19_No_27OCR.pdf |date=November 30, 2021 }}'' Volume 19, Number 27, Page 11.</ref><ref>Wilhelm, Kalani. (December 12, 2012) ''[https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/56548/1/December_12_2012_Vol_22_No_50OCR.pdf Honoulu Weekly: Spin Zone, "Technological Elitism."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201025413/https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/56548/1/December_12_2012_Vol_22_No_50OCR.pdf |date=December 1, 2021 }}'' Volume 22, Number 50, Page 11.</ref> DJ Kuttin Kandi (the first woman to place in the US finals of the prestigious DMC USA competition in 1998),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/web/academics/centers/hitchcock/publications/amr/v43-2/hisama.php|title=Brooklyn College {{!}} DJ Kuttin Kandi: Performing Feminism|website=Brooklyn.cuny.edu|access-date=August 29, 2016|archive-date=September 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923231347/http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/web/academics/centers/hitchcock/publications/amr/v43-2/hisama.php|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Mike's Old Stuff|title=Kuttin Kandi at 1998 DMC US Finals|date=August 24, 2015|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0LqnsBFhE8|access-date=August 29, 2016|archive-date=February 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202014337/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0LqnsBFhE8|url-status=live}}</ref> DJ Roli Rho (1999 East Coast regional DMC Champ/1999 & 2000 Vibe Music Seminar Champion of New York City's 5th Platoon), DJ Icy Ice of Los Angeles' [[KDAY]] 93.5 FM, DJ E-Man of Los Angeles' [[Power 106]] FM, DJ Marlino a.k.a. da5footafunk of San Diego's [[XHITZ-FM]] Z90.3, DJ Enferno (2003 US DMC Champ/2003 1st runner-up DMC World) and DJ Geometrix of the Trooperz Crew, both from the Washington DC area, and DJ Manila Ice (2007 DMC US finalist) and DJ Jester a.k.a. the Filipino Fist, both from Texas. Two longtime staples for entertainment in Sacramento are DJ Eddie Edul and DJ Billy Lane.
+In the late 2010s and early 2020s, [[Ruby Ibarra]] gained prominence as a raptivist who spoke against [[American imperialism]] and highlighted the experiences of the Filipino-American community.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dungca |first=George Evan |date=2021-11-01 |title=Ruby Ibarra on Filipina Empowerment through Hip hop, Activism, and Education {{!}} PURVEYR |url=https://purveyr.com/2021/11/01/ruby-ibarra-on-filipina-empowerment-through-hip-hop-activism-and-education/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |language=en-US}}</ref> In her debut album, ''CIRCA91,'' she rapped in three languages (Filipino, English, and her native [[Waray language|Waray]]) and spoke against the Filipino patriarchy, [[colorism]], and corruption in the Philippines.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nazareno |first=Mia |date=2023-02-23 |title=Ruby Ibarra Uses Music As A Tool To Unpack Diasporic Life {{!}} People |url=https://vogue.ph/lifestyle/people/ruby-ibarra-vogue-philippines/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=vogue.ph |language=en-US}}</ref>
-===The "raptivists"===
-[[Filipino American]] hip hop also infuses influences from the native Philippine literary art of [[balagtasan]], or Filipino spoken word poetry; although most Filipino American rappers primarily use English or "[[Taglish]]" in their lyrics, as opposed to their Philippine-counterparts. In the millennium, underground rap groups such as [[Blue Scholars]], [[Native Guns]] (now defunct) and Kontrast have utilized this method in their styles, producing pure hip hop while [[Conscious hip hop|promoting community activism]] and social consciousness through their lyrics, earning the title of "raptivists". Some groups, like [[San Jose, California]]-based Sons of Rebellion, also unify several communities through their music as they represent the Filipino American, African American, and Muslim experience.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.broward.com/mld/mercurynews/entertainment/columnists/davey_d/5961692.htm |date=May 30, 2003 |title=Bay Area rap artists build bridges across racial lines |first=Davey |last=D |publisher=Mercury News |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190329/http://www.broward.com/mld/mercurynews/entertainment/columnists/davey_d/5961692.htm |archive-date=March 3, 2016 }} (offline as of last access)</ref> Lyrics from Sons of Rebellion have even been used as part of a nationwide high school curriculum, for the technology-based high school SiaTech, and tracks from former Native Guns member Kiwi's album ''Writes of Passage: Portraits of a Son Rising'' have also been used in a Filipino-American literature course taught at [[San Francisco State University]]. Many socially conscious and community minded Filipino emcees often perform benefit shows to help out the Filipino community locally and internationally. In February 2007, Filipino American emcees Kiwi, Kapatid X, Power Struggle, Praxis Roks, Blue Scholars, and Rhapsodistas joined forces with other Filipino American community artists to perform a 'Stop the Killings' benefit concert in [[San Francisco]] to help raise awareness about the political climate in the Philippines.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mp3.com/stopthekillings|title=Stop the Killings MP3 Downloads - Stop the Killings Music Downloads - Stop the Killings Music Videos - Stop the Killings Pictures - MP3.com<!-- Bot generated title -->|website=Mp3.com|access-date=March 13, 2022}}</ref> The Stop the Killings event utilized the power of hip hop to expose the numerous killings of innocent people in the Philippines.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cell68.com/stk |title=STOP THE KILLINGS Benefit Show<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=February 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331230226/http://cell68.com/stk/ |archive-date=March 31, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Blue Scholars and Kiwi went on to do a subsequent Stop the Killings tour, with shows happening in several major cities across the nation.<ref>{{cite news|title=LeBron awed by court mural|url=http://www.philstar.com/sports/2015/08/28/1493144/lebron-awed-court-mural|access-date=August 23, 2016|agency=The Philippine Star|publisher=Joaquin Henson|date=August 28, 2015}}</ref>
 ===apl.de.ap (Allan Pineda Lindo)===
-Perhaps one of the most successful mainstream Filipino-American rappers is the [[Black Eyed Peas]]' [[apl.de.ap]], who has released songs such as "The Apl Song" (from ''[[Elephunk]]''), "[[Bebot]]" (from ''[[Monkey Business (Black Eyed Peas album)|Monkey Business]]''), and "Mare" (from ''[[The E.N.D.]]'') which not only contain [[Filipino language|Filipino]] (Tagalog) lyrics but also native Filipino musical elements. Pineda has also founded his own record label, the [[Los Angeles]]-based Jeepney Music, to help discover and promote Filipino hip-hop talent from both the [[United States]] and the Philippines. "The Apl Song" not only contains elements of Tagalog and Filipino elements, but the track itself according to video producer Christina DeHaven, represents Allan Pineda Lindo's view of the Philippines when he travels back for the first time since he was 14 years old.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Devitt|first=Rachel|year=2008|title=Lost in Translation: Filipino Diaspora(s), Postcolonial Hip Hop, and the Problems of KeepingIt Real for the "Contentless" Black Eyed Peas|jstor=25501577|journal=Asian Music|volume=39|issue=1|pages=1–8}}</ref> In the English verses of the song, Pineda describes aspects of Filipino life back home which is seen in the lyrics, "How would you feel if you had to catch your meal, Build a hut to live and to eat and chill in, Having to pump the water outta the ground?". The shifting between Tagalog and English can be interpreted as showing both languages as equal or in an equal hierarchical relationship to one another<ref>{{Cite book|title=CONTRACTING COLONIALISM: TRANSLATION AND CHRISTIAN CONVERSION IN TAGALOG SOCIETY UNDER EARLY SPANISH RULE|last=Vicente|first=Rafael|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=1988|isbn=978-0822313410|location=Ithaca|pages=27–28}}</ref> which is especially important having included another language other than English in an American pop song, even though English is one of the two [[official language]]s of the Philippines.
+Perhaps one of the most successful mainstream Filipino-American rappers is the [[Black Eyed Peas]]' [[apl.de.ap]], who has released songs such as "The Apl Song" (from ''[[Elephunk]]''), "[[Bebot]]" (from ''[[Monkey Business (Black Eyed Peas album)|Monkey Business]]''), and "Mare" (from ''[[The E.N.D.]]'') which not only contain [[Filipino language|Filipino]] (Tagalog) lyrics but also native Filipino musical elements. Pineda has also founded his own record label, the [[Los Angeles]]-based Jeepney Music, to help discover and promote Filipino hip-hop talent from both the [[United States]] and the Philippines. "The Apl Song" not only contains elements of Tagalog and Filipino elements, but the track itself according to video producer Christina DeHaven, represents Allan Pineda Lindo's view of the Philippines when he travels back for the first time since he was 14 years old.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Devitt|first=Rachel|year=2008|title=Lost in Translation: Filipino Diaspora(s), Postcolonial Hip Hop, and the Problems of KeepingIt Real for the "Contentless" Black Eyed Peas|jstor=25501577|journal=Asian Music|volume=39|issue=1|pages=1–8|doi=10.1353/amu.2007.0045 }}</ref> In the English verses of the song, Pineda describes aspects of Filipino life back home which is seen in the lyrics, "How would you feel if you had to catch your meal, Build a hut to live and to eat and chill in, Having to pump the water outta the ground?". The shifting between Tagalog and English can be interpreted as showing both languages as equal or in an equal hierarchical relationship to one another<ref>{{Cite book|title=CONTRACTING COLONIALISM: TRANSLATION AND CHRISTIAN CONVERSION IN TAGALOG SOCIETY UNDER EARLY SPANISH RULE|last=Vicente|first=Rafael|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=1988|isbn=978-0822313410|location=Ithaca|pages=27–28}}</ref> which is especially important having included another language other than English in an American pop song, even though English is one of the two [[official language]]s of the Philippines.
 ===Chad Hugo (producer)===
 One of the most successful Filipino-American producers is [[Virginia Beach]]'s [[Chad Hugo]]. One half of the popular music production duo [[the Neptunes]], Hugo, with his production partner [[Pharrell]], have laced chart-topping hits for the likes of [[Jay-Z]], [[Nelly]], [[Gwen Stefani]] and [[Snoop Dogg]], among many others.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tv.com/chad-hugo/person/241968/summary.html |title=Chad Hugo Photos - Chad Hugo News - Chad Hugo Information |access-date=February 16, 2006 |archive-date=September 30, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930145710/http://www.tv.com/chad-hugo/person/241968/summary.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> He has also collaborated with the Black Eyed Peas' apl.de.ap, making an appearance in apl's music video for "The Apl Song".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chopblock.com/features/aplsong.cfm |title=More Than A Music Video : The Black Eyed Peas' Apl.de.Ap and filmmaker Patricio Ginelsa talk about the landmark Filipino all-star video for "The Apl Song" |author=PRECIOUS YAMAGUCHI |website=Chopblock.com |access-date=March 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061019071743/http://www.chopblock.com/features/aplsong.cfm |archive-date=October 19, 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
+=== Ez Mil ===
+Ezekiel Miller, also known professionally as [[Ez Mil]], is a Filipino-American rapper, singer, songwriter and producer. He rose to prominence after his song "[[Panalo]]" gained public attention.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Severo |first=Jan Milo |date=July 27, 2023 |title=Controversial Pinoy rapper Ez Mil signs with Eminem, Dr. Dre |url=https://www.philstar.com/music/2023/07/27/2284204/controversial-pinoy-rapper-ez-mil-signs-eminem-dr-dre |access-date=August 7, 2023 |website=Philstar.com |archive-date=August 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806124015/https://www.philstar.com/music/2023/07/27/2284204/controversial-pinoy-rapper-ez-mil-signs-eminem-dr-dre |url-status=live }}</ref> At age 25, he became the first Filipino artist (and the third rapper, after [[50 Cent]] and [[Stat Quo]]) to have a direct joint deal with all three of [[Eminem]]'s record labels: [[Shady Records]], [[Aftermath Entertainment]], and [[Interscope Records]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-26 |title=Eminem & Dr. Dre Sign Las Vegas Rapper Ez Mil to Shady / Aftermath / Interscope |url=https://hiphop-n-more.com/2023/07/eminem-dr-dre-sign-las-vegas-rapper-ez-mil-to-shady-aftermath-interscope/ |access-date=2023-08-07 |website=HipHop-N-More |language=en-US |archive-date=August 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807053039/https://hiphop-n-more.com/2023/07/eminem-dr-dre-sign-las-vegas-rapper-ez-mil-to-shady-aftermath-interscope/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 ==Media==
 ===Film===
-The 2000 documentary film ''Beats, Rhymes and Resistance: Pilipinos and Hip Hop in Los Angeles'' (produced and directed by Lakandiwa de Leon, Dawn Mabalon and Jonathan Ramos) chronicles the development of hip hop culture among Filipino Americans in Southern California during the 1990s.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.poeticdream.com/gallery.php?gid=163 |title=Poeticdream.com |date=June 19, 2009 |website= |access-date=March 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619043302/http://www.poeticdream.com/gallery.php?gid=163 |archive-date=June 19, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
+The 2000 documentary film ''Beats, Rhymes and Resistance: Pilipinos and Hip Hop in Los Angeles'' (produced and directed by Lakandiwa de Leon, [[Dawn Mabalon]] and Jonathan Ramos) chronicles the development of hip hop culture among Filipino Americans in Southern California during the 1990s.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.poeticdream.com/gallery.php?gid=163 |title=Poeticdream.com |date=June 19, 2009 |website= |access-date=March 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619043302/http://www.poeticdream.com/gallery.php?gid=163 |archive-date=June 19, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
 ===Radio===
-{{unreferenced section|date=July 2013}}
 {{listen|filename=Pamilia Dimagiba-Duelo.ogg|title="Duelo"|description=Sample of '''Pamilia Dimagiba''''s "Duelo" from their 1997 album ''Broke-N-Unsigned''. The record marked the re-emergence of the socially conscious emcee in Filipino Hip Hop.|format=[[Ogg]]}}
-There were two [[FM broadcasting|FM]] stations in the Philippines that played all kinds of [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]], [[Hip hop music|hip hop]] and rap music. These are the now defunct radio stations [[DZWI|Power 108 FM]] and [[DWLA#As Blazin' 105.9|Blazin' 105.9 FM]], which were the stations that recognized the latest and the greatest of the hip hop genre. The former project known as 'Project: Hip hop' was founded in 2002 by three high school friends, namely DJ Caine, MC Satoshi and Quaizy Ileon.{{ambiguous|date=July 2013}} Former radio stations such as [[DZMZ|89 DMZ]] are now [[Internet radio|online radio]] stations, [[Streaming media|streaming]] live on the Internet.
+There were two [[FM broadcasting|FM]] stations in the Philippines that played all kinds of [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]], [[Hip hop music|hip hop]] and rap music. These are the now defunct radio stations [[DZWI|Power 108 FM]] and [[DWLA-FM|Blazin' 105.9 FM]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=History of Pinoy Hip-Hop – HIPHOP.PH |url=http://hiphop.ph/about/history/ |access-date=2023-08-14 |language=en-US}}</ref> The former project known as 'Project: Hip hop' was founded in 2002 by three high school friends, namely DJ Caine, MC Satoshi and Quaizy Ileon.{{ambiguous|date=July 2013}} Former radio stations such as [[DZMZ|89 DMZ]] are now [[Internet radio|online radio]] stations, [[Streaming media|streaming]] live on the Internet.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IDMZ SAYAW PINOY |url=https://www.89dmz.com/ |access-date=2023-08-14 |website=www.89dmz.com}}</ref>
+In 2007, [[DWAV|Wave 891]] eliminated its [[pop jazz]]/[[easy listening]] format and switched to full hip hop and R&B in order to retain the Pinoy hip hop scene.<ref name=":2" /> Another radio station that features Pinoy hip hop artists is Monster Radio RX 93.1 ([[DWRX|DWRX 93.1 FM]]), which also plays American hip-hop and R&B.
+In 2014, the radio station [[DWNU|Wish 107.5]] launched the Wish Mobile Radio Bus, the very first FM station-on-wheels in the country which allowed Filipino artists to perform live and have their performances uploaded online soon after their performance.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Reodica |first=Mariah |date=November 3, 2022 |title=10 iconic Wish 107.5 Bus moments |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/life/entertainment/music/2022/11/3/ten-noteworthy-wish-bus-moments.html |access-date=August 14, 2023 |website=cnn |language=en |archive-date=August 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814113512/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/life/entertainment/music/2022/11/3/ten-noteworthy-wish-bus-moments.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Four years later, a US counterpart, the Wish Bus USA was launched for Filipino artists based in the US.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 10, 2018 |title=Wish Bus USA Launch Draws Praise from Artists, Netizens |url=https://www.wish1075.com/wish-bus-usa-launch-draws-praise-from-artists-netizens/ |access-date=August 14, 2023 |website=Wish FM 107.5 |language=en-us}}</ref> These gave hip hop artists more exposure, with YouTube videos of their performances gaining millions of views.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=April 14, 2019 |title=Beats and Breaks: 10 Hip-Hop Wishclusives That Set Us All Ablaze |url=https://www.wish1075.com/ten-hip-hop-wishclusives-that-set-us-all-ablaze/ |access-date=August 14, 2023 |website=Wish FM 107.5 |language=en-us}}</ref> Filipino hip hop artists who have given notable performances on the [[Wish Bus]] include Smugglaz, Curse One, Dello, Flict-G, [[Shanti Dope]], Ex Battalion, Gloc-9, [[Al James]], Loonie, Ron Henley, Abra, Allmo$t, Pricetagg, CLR, Michael Pacquiao, Ez Mil, and many more.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":3" />
-In 2007, [[DWAV|Wave 891]] eliminated its [[pop jazz]]/[[easy listening]] format and switched to full hip hop and R&B in order to retain the Pinoy hip hop scene.
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 ==References==
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 {{Hiphop}}
-[[Category:Philippine styles of music]]
 [[Category:Philippine hip hop| ]]
-[[Category:Hip hop genres]]
+[[Category:Philippine styles of music]]

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