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"'''Fair Margaret and Sweet William'''" or '''Lady Margaret''' or '''Lady Margaret and Sweet William''' is a [[folk song]], collected by [[Francis James Child]] as [[Child ballad]] number 74.<ref>[[Francis James Child]], ''English and Scottish Popular Ballads'', [http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/eng/child/ch074.htm "Fair Margaret and Sweet William"]</ref> It appeared in [[The Percy Folio]] as well, and [[Thomas Percy (Bishop of Dromore)|Thomas Percy]] reported that it was quoted in the ''[[Knight of the Burning Pestle]]'' (1611).<ref>Lesley Nelson-Burns, [http://www.contemplator.com/child/fairmarg.html "Fair Margaret and Sweet William: Version 2"]</ref>
{{short description|Traditional song}}
[[File:The book of British ballads (1842) (14596105779).jpg|thumb|''Fair Margaret & Sweet William'' from ''The Book of British ballads'' (1842)]]
"'''Fair Margaret and Sweet William'''" ([[Child ballad|Child]] 74, [[Roud Folk Song Index|Roud]] [https://archive.today/20130414165636/http://library.efdss.org/cgi-bin/query.cgi?cross=off&index_roud=on&query=253&field=20 253]) is a traditional English [[ballad]] which tells of two lovers, one or both of whom die from heartbreak.<ref name="Child v2 p204">{{cite book|author=Child, Francis James|title=English and Scottish Popular Ballads|publisher=Dover Publications|year=1965|volume=2|location=New York|pages=199–203}}</ref> [[Thomas Percy (bishop of Dromore)|Thomas Percy]] included it in his 1765 ''[[Reliques of Ancient English Poetry|Reliques]]'' and said that it was quoted as early as 1611 in the ''[[Knight of the Burning Pestle]]''.<ref>Lesley Nelson-Burns, [http://www.contemplator.com/child/fairmarg.html "Fair Margaret and Sweet William: Version 2"]</ref> In the United States, variations of Fair Margaret were regarded as [[folk song]] as early as 1823.<ref name="Flanders & Brown - Vermont Folk-Songs - 240-241">{{cite book | title=Vermont Folk-Songs & Ballads | publisher=Folklore Associates, Inc. |author1=Flanders, Helen Hartness |author2=Brown, George | year=1968 | location=Hatboro, PA | pages=240–1}}</ref>


==Synopsis==
==Synopsis==
Fair Margaret espies the marriage procession of her lover Sweet William and another woman from her high chamber window. Depending on the variation, Margaret either commits suicide or dies of a [[broken heart]]. Her [[ghost]] then appears before Sweet William to ask him if he loves his new bride more than herself, and William replies he loves Margaret better. In the morning, William commences to search for Margaret. Upon arriving at her estate, Margaret's family shows William the corpse. In some versions, Sweet William dies of heartbreak as well, and they are buried beside each other.


==Variations and related ballads==
Sweet William tells Fair Margaret (the maid that he's in love with) that he is marrying another. She sees the bride and William together after the wedding and runs off to kill herself, because of how badly her heart has been broken. Her [[ghost]] comes into his bridal chamber and ask him if he loves his new bride, William replies telling Margaret that he loves her much more than his bride. William wakes in the morning saying he had a bad dream and in which he saw Lady Margaret's ghost and goes off looking for her. All he finds is her body in a coffin. Soon after Sweet William kills himself too. They are buried beside each other and a rose grows from her grave and a green briar from his, ultimately becoming entwined and forming a "lovers' knot."
Regional and printed variations of the ballad are known by many titles, including "Lady Margaret and Sweet William", "Pretty Polly and Sweet William", "Sweet William's Bride", "Lady Margaret's Ghost",<ref name="coffin_0">{{cite book|author=Tristram P. Coffin|url=https://archive.org/details/britishtradition007732mbp|title=The British Traditional Ballad in North America|publisher=The American Folklore Society|year=1950|location=Philadelphia|pages=76–9, 87–90}}</ref> "Fair Margaret's Misfortune", and "William and Margaret", among others.<ref name="Child v2 p204" /> Numerous variations on this basic structure can be found in folk songs throughout the British Isles and United States. Renowned folklorist [[Francis James Child]] identified three distinct versions of the lyrics,<ref name="Child v2 p204" /> whilst [[Cecil Sharp]] collected numerous other variants, considering the ballad "[[Sweet William's Ghost]]" (Child 77) to be a slight variation on the basic plot.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}}


Traditional versions of Fair Margaret sometimes end with a "rose-briar motif" of several stanzas describing floral growth on the lovers' neighboring graves. This motif is featured in other ballads, including "[[Lord Thomas and Fair Annet]]", "[[Lord Lovel]]", and "[[Barbara Allen (song)|Barbara Allen]]".<ref name="coffin_0" /><ref name="Flanders" /> Fair Margaret also shares some mid-song stanzas with the [[murder ballad]] "[[Matty Groves]]" ([[Child ballad]] 81, [[Roud Folk Song Index|Roud 52]]).<ref name="EFDSSVWMG">{{cite web|title=''Matty Groves''|url=https://www.vwml.org/search/search-roud-indexes?qtext=Matty%20Groves&ts=1489579247572&collectionfilter=RoudFS;RoudBS#|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215053423/https://www.vwml.org/search/search-roud-indexes?qtext=Matty%20Groves&ts=1489579247572&collectionfilter=RoudFS;RoudBS|archive-date=15 December 2017|access-date=3 March 2017|website=vwml.org|publisher=English Folk Dance and Song Society / Vaughan Williams Memorial Library}}</ref><ref name="FMI Fair Margaret">{{cite web|author=Keefer, Jane|date=2011|title=Fair Margaret and Sweet William|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/keefer/f01.htm#Faimaans|access-date=16 January 2013|publisher=Ibiblio}}</ref><ref>
==Variants==
{{cite book|author=Niles, John Jacob|title=The Ballad Book of John Jacob Niles|date=1961|publisher=[[Bramhall House]], [[New York City|New York]]|pages=159–161, 194–197}}</ref>
Numerous variations on this basic structure can be found in folk songs throughout the [[British Isles]] and the [[USA]].


== Traditional recordings ==
Child identified three different versions of this song, while [[Cecil Sharp]] collected numerous other variants, and considered "[[Sweet William's Ghost]]" to be a slight variation on the basic plot of this ballad. In one version Sharp collected from the [[Appalachians]], the last two verses closely resembled those of "[[Barbara Allen (song)|Barbara Allen]]".
In the United States traditional Appalachian musicians such as [[Bascom Lamar Lunsford]] (1953)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Little Marget (Roud Folksong Index S276436)|url=https://www.vwml.org/record/RoudFS/S276436|access-date=24 November 2020|website=The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library|language=en-gb}}</ref> and [[Jean Ritchie]] (1956)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lady Margaret (Roud Folksong Index S414990)|url=https://www.vwml.org/record/RoudFS/S414990|access-date=24 November 2020|website=The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library|language=en-gb}}</ref> recorded their family versions of the ballad, as did many [[Ozark]] performers such as [[Almeda Riddle]] of [[Arkansas]] (1972).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lady Margaret (Roud Folksong Index S151445)|url=https://www.vwml.org/record/RoudFS/S151445|access-date=24 November 2020|website=The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library|language=en-gb}}</ref> [[Helen Hartness Flanders]] collected several versions of the song throughout [[New England]] in the 1930s and 1940s, which she heard performed to five different melodies.<ref name="Flanders">{{cite book | title=Ancient Ballads: Traditionally Sung in New England | publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press | author=Flanders, Helen Hartness | year=1961 | pages=122–147 }}</ref>


In England several versions were collected across the country, but the ballad appears to have largely died out before recordings could be made.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Search: rn253 england sound|url=https://www.vwml.org/search?q=rn253%20england%20sound&is=1|website=Vaughan Williams Memorial Library}}</ref> [[Cecil Sharp]] collected some versions in [[Somerset]] around 1910,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fair Margaret and Sweet William (Roud Folksong Index S144070)|url=https://www.vwml.org/record/RoudFS/S144070|access-date=24 November 2020|website=The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Fair Margaret And Sweet William (Cecil Sharp Manuscript Collection (at Clare College, Cambridge) CJS2/10/3087)|url=https://www.vwml.org/record/CJS2/10/3087|access-date=24 November 2020|website=The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Fair Margaret and Sweet William (Roud Folksong Index S144067)|url=https://www.vwml.org/record/RoudFS/S144067|access-date=24 November 2020|website=The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library|language=en-gb}}</ref> and [[Frank Kidson]] collected a single version in [[Knaresborough]], [[Yorkshire]] in 1906.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fair Margaret and Sweet William (Roud Folksong Index S144073)|url=https://www.vwml.org/record/RoudFS/S144073|access-date=24 November 2020|website=The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library|language=en-gb}}</ref> In Scotland, the only recording was a fragment sung by a Mabel Skelton of [[Arbroath]] to [[Hamish Henderson]] in 1985,<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Nobleman's Lady (Roud Folksong Index S419120)|url=https://www.vwml.org/record/RoudFS/S419120|access-date=24 November 2020|website=The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library|language=en-gb}}</ref> which is available on the [[Tobar an Dualchais – Kist o Riches|Tobar an Dualchais]] website.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tobar an Dualchais Kist O Riches|url=http://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/track/84672?l=en|access-date=24 November 2020|website=www.tobarandualchais.co.uk}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=August 2023|reason=the lyrics of the song Skelton sings are unrelated.}} Likewise, only a single version has been recorded in Ireland, that of Martin Howley of [[County Clare]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Search: rn253 ireland sound|url=https://www.vwml.org/search?q=rn253%20ireland%20sound&is=1|website=Vaughan Williams Memorial Library}}</ref> which can be heard online courtesy of the County Clare Library.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Clare County Library: Songs of Clare – The Old Armchair (Fair Margaret and Sweet William) sung by Martin Howley|url=http://www.clarelibrary.ie/eolas/coclare/songs/cmc/the_old_armchair_mhowley.htm|access-date=24 November 2020|website=www.clarelibrary.ie}}</ref>
Similarly to this one, in ''[[Lord Thomas and Fair Annet]]'', the hero rejects the heroine to marry for money; ''[[Lord Lovel]]'', containing some similar themes, has the heroine die for lack of hope.<ref>Francis James Child, ''The English and Scottish Popular Ballads'', v 2, p 204, Dover Publications, New York 1965</ref>


== Lyrics ==
Other ballads dealing with similar themes include ''[[Lord Thomas and Fair Annet]]'' and ''[[Lady Alice]]''.
The following lyrics are those recorded by [[Thomas Percy (bishop of Dromore)|Thomas Percy]] in 1765, but they bear a striking resemblance to the Ritchie family version sung by [[Jean Ritchie]] in 1956, which presumably survived in the oral tradition for several centuries largely uncorrupted.

{{poemquote|
Sweet William arose one May morning,
And dressed himself in blue,
Come and tell to me all about that love
Betwixt Lady Marg'ret and me.

No harm, no harm of Lady Marg'ret,
Nor she knows none by me,
But before tomorrow morning at eight o'clock,
Lady Marg'ret and you.

O I know nothing of Lady Marg'ret's love
And she knows nothing of me
But in the morning at half-past eight
Lady Marg'ret my bride shall see.

Lady Marg'ret was sitting in her bower room
A-combing back her hair,
When who should she spy but Sweet William and his bride,
As to church they did draw nigh.

Then she threw down her ivory comb
In silk bound up her hair.
And out of the room that fair lady ran,
and was never any more seen there.

The day passed away and the night coming on
And most of the men asleep,
Sweet William espied Lady Marg'ret's ghost
A-standing at his bed feet.

O how do you like your bed? said she,
And how do you like your sheets
And how do you like that fair young bride
A-laying in your arms at sleep?

Full well do I like my bed,
Full well do I like my sheet;
But better do I like the fair young maid
A-standing at my bed feet.

The night passed away and the day coming on
And most of the men awake.
Sweet William said: I am troubled in my head
By the dreams that I dreamed last night.

Such dreams, such dreams as these,
I know they mean no good,
Last night I dreamed that my room was full of swine
And my bride was floating in blood.

He called his servants unto him,
By one, by two, by three,
And the last he called was his new made bride
That he Lady Marg'ret I might see.

O what will you do with Lady Marg'ret's love,
And what will you do with me?
He said: I'll go Lady Marg'ret see,
And then I'll return to thee.

He rode up to Lady Marg'ret's door,
And jingled at the ring;
And none was so ready as her seventh born brother
To arise and let him in.

O is she in her kitchen room?
Or is she in her hall?
Or is she in her bower room
Among her merry maids all?

She is neither in her kitchen room,
She is neither in her hall;
But she is in her cold coffin,
With her pale face toward the wall.

Pulld own, pull down those winding-sheets
A-made of satin so fine.
Ten thousand times thou hast kissed my lips
And now, love, I'll kiss thine.

Three times he kissed her snowy white breast,
Three times he kissed her chin;
but when he kissed her cold clay lipse
His heart it broke within.

Lady Marg'ret was buried in the old church yard
Sweet William was buried close beside her;
And out of her grew a red, red, rose,
And ou of him a brier.

They grew so tall and they grew so high,
They scarce could grow no higher;
And there they twined in a true lover's knot,
The red rose and the brier.
}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikisource|1=Child's_Ballads/74|2=Fair Margaret and Sweet William}}
*[http://secondhandsongs.com/work/46057 Cover list] at SecondHandSongs.com

{{Francis James Child}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Child Ballads]]
[[Category:Child Ballads]]
[[Category:Fictional ghosts]]
[[Category:Fictional ghosts]]
[[Category:Fiction about suicide]]




Revision as of 21:24, 12 July 2024

Fair Margaret & Sweet William from The Book of British ballads (1842)

"Fair Margaret and Sweet William" (Child 74, Roud 253) is a traditional English ballad which tells of two lovers, one or both of whom die from heartbreak.[1] Thomas Percy included it in his 1765 Reliques and said that it was quoted as early as 1611 in the Knight of the Burning Pestle.[2] In the United States, variations of Fair Margaret were regarded as folk song as early as 1823.[3]

Synopsis

Fair Margaret espies the marriage procession of her lover Sweet William and another woman from her high chamber window. Depending on the variation, Margaret either commits suicide or dies of a broken heart. Her ghost then appears before Sweet William to ask him if he loves his new bride more than herself, and William replies he loves Margaret better. In the morning, William commences to search for Margaret. Upon arriving at her estate, Margaret's family shows William the corpse. In some versions, Sweet William dies of heartbreak as well, and they are buried beside each other.

Regional and printed variations of the ballad are known by many titles, including "Lady Margaret and Sweet William", "Pretty Polly and Sweet William", "Sweet William's Bride", "Lady Margaret's Ghost",[4] "Fair Margaret's Misfortune", and "William and Margaret", among others.[1] Numerous variations on this basic structure can be found in folk songs throughout the British Isles and United States. Renowned folklorist Francis James Child identified three distinct versions of the lyrics,[1] whilst Cecil Sharp collected numerous other variants, considering the ballad "Sweet William's Ghost" (Child 77) to be a slight variation on the basic plot.[citation needed]

Traditional versions of Fair Margaret sometimes end with a "rose-briar motif" of several stanzas describing floral growth on the lovers' neighboring graves. This motif is featured in other ballads, including "Lord Thomas and Fair Annet", "Lord Lovel", and "Barbara Allen".[4][5] Fair Margaret also shares some mid-song stanzas with the murder ballad "Matty Groves" (Child ballad 81, Roud 52).[6][7][8]

Traditional recordings

In the United States traditional Appalachian musicians such as Bascom Lamar Lunsford (1953)[9] and Jean Ritchie (1956)[10] recorded their family versions of the ballad, as did many Ozark performers such as Almeda Riddle of Arkansas (1972).[11] Helen Hartness Flanders collected several versions of the song throughout New England in the 1930s and 1940s, which she heard performed to five different melodies.[5]

In England several versions were collected across the country, but the ballad appears to have largely died out before recordings could be made.[12] Cecil Sharp collected some versions in Somerset around 1910,[13][14][15] and Frank Kidson collected a single version in Knaresborough, Yorkshire in 1906.[16] In Scotland, the only recording was a fragment sung by a Mabel Skelton of Arbroath to Hamish Henderson in 1985,[17] which is available on the Tobar an Dualchais website.[18][failed verification] Likewise, only a single version has been recorded in Ireland, that of Martin Howley of County Clare,[19] which can be heard online courtesy of the County Clare Library.[20]

Lyrics

The following lyrics are those recorded by Thomas Percy in 1765, but they bear a striking resemblance to the Ritchie family version sung by Jean Ritchie in 1956, which presumably survived in the oral tradition for several centuries largely uncorrupted.

Sweet William arose one May morning,
And dressed himself in blue,
Come and tell to me all about that love
Betwixt Lady Marg'ret and me.

No harm, no harm of Lady Marg'ret,
Nor she knows none by me,
But before tomorrow morning at eight o'clock,
Lady Marg'ret and you.

O I know nothing of Lady Marg'ret's love
And she knows nothing of me
But in the morning at half-past eight
Lady Marg'ret my bride shall see.

Lady Marg'ret was sitting in her bower room
A-combing back her hair,
When who should she spy but Sweet William and his bride,
As to church they did draw nigh.

Then she threw down her ivory comb
In silk bound up her hair.
And out of the room that fair lady ran,
and was never any more seen there.

The day passed away and the night coming on
And most of the men asleep,
Sweet William espied Lady Marg'ret's ghost
A-standing at his bed feet.

O how do you like your bed? said she,
And how do you like your sheets
And how do you like that fair young bride
A-laying in your arms at sleep?

Full well do I like my bed,
Full well do I like my sheet;
But better do I like the fair young maid
A-standing at my bed feet.

The night passed away and the day coming on
And most of the men awake.
Sweet William said: I am troubled in my head
By the dreams that I dreamed last night.

Such dreams, such dreams as these,
I know they mean no good,
Last night I dreamed that my room was full of swine
And my bride was floating in blood.

He called his servants unto him,
By one, by two, by three,
And the last he called was his new made bride
That he Lady Marg'ret I might see.

O what will you do with Lady Marg'ret's love,
And what will you do with me?
He said: I'll go Lady Marg'ret see,
And then I'll return to thee.

He rode up to Lady Marg'ret's door,
And jingled at the ring;
And none was so ready as her seventh born brother
To arise and let him in.

O is she in her kitchen room?
Or is she in her hall?
Or is she in her bower room
Among her merry maids all?

She is neither in her kitchen room,
She is neither in her hall;
But she is in her cold coffin,
With her pale face toward the wall.

Pulld own, pull down those winding-sheets
A-made of satin so fine.
Ten thousand times thou hast kissed my lips
And now, love, I'll kiss thine.

Three times he kissed her snowy white breast,
Three times he kissed her chin;
but when he kissed her cold clay lipse
His heart it broke within.

Lady Marg'ret was buried in the old church yard
Sweet William was buried close beside her;
And out of her grew a red, red, rose,
And ou of him a brier.

They grew so tall and they grew so high,
They scarce could grow no higher;
And there they twined in a true lover's knot,
The red rose and the brier.

References

  1. ^ a b c Child, Francis James (1965). English and Scottish Popular Ballads. Vol. 2. New York: Dover Publications. pp. 199–203.
  2. ^ Lesley Nelson-Burns, "Fair Margaret and Sweet William: Version 2"
  3. ^ Flanders, Helen Hartness; Brown, George (1968). Vermont Folk-Songs & Ballads. Hatboro, PA: Folklore Associates, Inc. pp. 240–1.
  4. ^ a b Tristram P. Coffin (1950). The British Traditional Ballad in North America. Philadelphia: The American Folklore Society. pp. 76–9, 87–90.
  5. ^ a b Flanders, Helen Hartness (1961). Ancient Ballads: Traditionally Sung in New England. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 122–147.
  6. ^ "Matty Groves". vwml.org. English Folk Dance and Song Society / Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Archived from the original on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  7. ^ Keefer, Jane (2011). "Fair Margaret and Sweet William". Ibiblio. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
  8. ^ Niles, John Jacob (1961). The Ballad Book of John Jacob Niles. Bramhall House, New York. pp. 159–161, 194–197.
  9. ^ "Little Marget (Roud Folksong Index S276436)". The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  10. ^ "Lady Margaret (Roud Folksong Index S414990)". The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  11. ^ "Lady Margaret (Roud Folksong Index S151445)". The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  12. ^ "Search: rn253 england sound". Vaughan Williams Memorial Library.
  13. ^ "Fair Margaret and Sweet William (Roud Folksong Index S144070)". The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  14. ^ "Fair Margaret And Sweet William (Cecil Sharp Manuscript Collection (at Clare College, Cambridge) CJS2/10/3087)". The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  15. ^ "Fair Margaret and Sweet William (Roud Folksong Index S144067)". The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  16. ^ "Fair Margaret and Sweet William (Roud Folksong Index S144073)". The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  17. ^ "The Nobleman's Lady (Roud Folksong Index S419120)". The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  18. ^ "Tobar an Dualchais Kist O Riches". www.tobarandualchais.co.uk. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  19. ^ "Search: rn253 ireland sound". Vaughan Williams Memorial Library.
  20. ^ "Clare County Library: Songs of Clare – The Old Armchair (Fair Margaret and Sweet William) sung by Martin Howley". www.clarelibrary.ie. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
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