Nampo: Difference between revisions
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| translit_lang1 = Korean |
| translit_lang1 = Korean |
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| translit_lang1_type1 = [[Chosŏn'gŭl]] |
| translit_lang1_type1 = [[Chosŏn'gŭl]] |
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| translit_lang1_info1 = |
| translit_lang1_info1 = 남포특별시 |
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| translit_lang1_type2 = [[Hancha]] |
| translit_lang1_type2 = [[Hancha]] |
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| translit_lang1_info2 = {{linktext|南|浦|特|別|市}} |
| translit_lang1_info2 = {{linktext|南|浦|特|別|市}} |
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| subdivision_type = Country |
| subdivision_type = Country |
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| subdivision_name = {{flag|North Korea}} |
| subdivision_name = {{flag|North Korea}} |
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| subdivision_type1 = [[ |
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of North Korea|Province]] |
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| subdivision_name1 = [[South Pyongan Province|South P'yŏngan]] |
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| area_total_km2 = 1281 |
| area_total_km2 = 1281 |
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| population_as_of = 2014<ref name="univw" /> |
| population_as_of = 2014<ref name="univw" /> |
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| image_skyline = Nampo Montage.JPG |
| image_skyline = Nampo Montage.JPG |
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| image_caption = Clockwise from top: the [[West Sea Barrage]], view of Nampo city, the Chongsan-ri co-operative farm, a monument |
| image_caption = Clockwise from top: the [[West Sea Barrage]], view of Nampo city, the Chongsan-ri co-operative farm, a monument |
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| map_caption1 = Map of North Korea showing the location of Nampo |
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| image_map1 = Nampo Map 2020.png |
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| image_seal = <!--[[File:Emblem of Nampho.svg|frameless|x60px]]{{Citation needed|reason=Flag only appears on other wikis|date=August 2021}}--> |
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| map_caption = Map of South Pyongan showing the location of Nampo |
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| image_map1 = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=9}} |
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| pushpin_map = North Korea |
| pushpin_map = North Korea |
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| coordinates = {{coord|38|44|08|N|125|24|32|E|region:KP|display=inline,title}} |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location in North Korea |
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in North Korea |
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| leader_party = [[Workers' Party of Korea|WPK]] |
| leader_party = [[Workers' Party of Korea|WPK]] |
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| leader_title = Party Committee Chairman |
| leader_title = Party Committee Chairman |
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| leader_name = [[Ri Jae-nam]]<ref name=rodong>{{Cite web|location=Pyongyang|publisher=Rodong Sinmun |
| leader_name = [[Ri Jae-nam]]<ref name=rodong>{{Cite web|location=Pyongyang|publisher=Rodong Sinmun|date=August 2020|access-date=17 October 2018|url=http://rodong.rep.kp/en/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2020-08-14-0006|title=Rodong Sinmun|archive-date=2020-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814091357/http://www.rodong.rep.kp/en/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2020-08-14-0006|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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| leader_title2 = People's Committee Chairman |
| leader_title2 = People's Committee Chairman |
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| leader_name2 = [[Ri Kil-chun]]<ref name=unikorea>{{Cite web|title=Organizational Chart of North Korean Leadership|location=Seoul|publisher=Political and Military Analysis Division, Intelligence and Analysis Bureau; Ministry of Unification |date=January 2018|access-date=17 October 2018|url=https://www.unikorea.go.kr/cms/getFile.do?file=2018012913454378143.pdf&orgname=north_korean_Leadership.pdf&mgmtId=MGMT_0000000754&siteId=SITE_00003&filePath=eng_unikorea/common/file/&count=Y#.pdf}}</ref> |
| leader_name2 = [[Ri Kil-chun]]<ref name=unikorea>{{Cite web|title=Organizational Chart of North Korean Leadership|location=Seoul|publisher=Political and Military Analysis Division, Intelligence and Analysis Bureau; Ministry of Unification |date=January 2018|access-date=17 October 2018|url=https://www.unikorea.go.kr/cms/getFile.do?file=2018012913454378143.pdf&orgname=north_korean_Leadership.pdf&mgmtId=MGMT_0000000754&siteId=SITE_00003&filePath=eng_unikorea/common/file/&count=Y#.pdf}}</ref> |
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| timezone = [[Time in North Korea|Pyongyang Time]] |
| timezone = [[Time in North Korea|Pyongyang Time]] |
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| utc_offset = +9 |
| utc_offset = +9 |
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| footnotes = <ref>[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf DPR Korean Central Bureau of Statistics: 2008 Population Census] (2008 population census, published in 2009)</ref> |
| footnotes = <ref>[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf DPR Korean Central Bureau of Statistics: 2008 Population Census] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331091148/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf |date=2010-03-31 }} (2008 population census, published in 2009)</ref> |
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| population_density_urban_km2 = auto |
| population_density_urban_km2 = auto |
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| population_density_rural_km2 = auto |
| population_density_rural_km2 = auto |
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}} |
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'''Nampo''' (North Korean official spelling: ''Nampho''; {{IPA-ko|nam.pʰo|pron}}), also spelled '''Namp<noinclude>'</noinclude>o''', is the |
'''Nampo''' (North Korean official spelling: '''Nampho'''; {{IPA-ko|nam.pʰo|pron}}), also spelled '''Namp<noinclude>'</noinclude>o''', is a city in [[North Korea]] which is the country's [[List of cities in North Korea|fourth-largest by population]]. The city is an important seaport in the country as it lies on the northern shore of the [[Taedong River]], 15 km east of the river's mouth. Formerly known as '''Chinnamp<noinclude>'</noinclude>o''', it was a provincial-level "Directly Governed City" ("Chikhalsi") from 1980 to 2004, and was designated a [[Special cities of North Korea|"Special City"]] ("T'ŭkpyŏlsi", 특별시; 特別市) in 2010. Nampo is approximately 50 km southwest of Pyongyang, at the mouth of the [[Taedong River]]. Since North Korean independence, the city has developed a wide range of industry and has seen significant recent redevelopment. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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=== Before formation of North Korea === |
=== Before formation of North Korea === |
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The city belonged to [[Gojoseon]] until the [[Three Kingdoms of Korea|Three Kingdoms era]], when it was taken by [[Goguryeo]]. During this time, the city was part of Sogyong (now [[Pyongyang]]) until the [[Goryeo]] dynasty, when in the aftermath of the [[Myocheong|Myocheong rebellion]], Sogyong was split into six counties, of which currently constitute Nampo are Kangso-hyon, Ryonggang-hyon and Samhwa-hyon.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=북한지역정보넷|trans-title=Nampo - overview|url=http://www.cybernk.net/infoText/InfoAdminstList.aspx?ac=A0228&mc=AD0101&direct=1 |
The city belonged to [[Gojoseon]] until the [[Three Kingdoms of Korea|Three Kingdoms era]], when it was taken by [[Goguryeo]]. During this time, the city was part of Sogyong (now [[Pyongyang]]) until the [[Goryeo]] dynasty, when in the aftermath of the [[Myocheong|Myocheong rebellion]], Sogyong was split into six counties, of which currently constitute Nampo are Kangso-hyon, Ryonggang-hyon and Samhwa-hyon.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=북한지역정보넷|trans-title=Nampo - overview|url=http://www.cybernk.net/infoText/InfoAdminstList.aspx?ac=A0228&mc=AD0101&direct=1|access-date=2021-10-12|website=www.cybernk.net}}</ref> In the late Goryeo period, the area was named Chungnampo for the village of Pogu, located to the south of [[Chungsan County]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=북한지역정보넷|trans-title=Old place name|url=http://www.cybernk.net/infoText/InfoAdminstDetail.aspx?ac=A02&cp=0&mc=AD04&order=0&tid=AD0400041770&direct=1|access-date=2021-10-12|website=www.cybernk.net}}</ref> After the establishment of [[Joseon|Joseon dynsasty]], the area belonged to [[Pyongan Province]].<ref name=":0" /> |
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In 1871, the [[General Sherman incident]] occurred when an American ship attempted to sail on the Taedong to Pyongyang to engage the Joseon dynasty with trade, but was declined.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Roblin|first=Sebastien|date=2018-01-18|title=In 1871, America 'Invaded' Korea. Here's What Happened.|url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/1871-america-invaded-korea-heres-what-happened-24113|access-date=2021-10-13|website=The National Interest|language=en}}</ref> According to North Korean history, [[Kim Il-sung]]'s grandfather raised the alarm on the foreign ship and led the attack on it.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-12-15|title=My Introduction to Nampo Port|url=https://www.38north.org/2010/12/nampo_port/|access-date=2021-10-13|website=38 North|language=en}}</ref> |
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The name of the city comes from the fishing village that was originally located in the Samhwa-hyon<ref group="Note">Now located in [[Ryonggang County]][http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0026951 <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>]</ref> area of South Pyongan Province. The city was renamed to Chinnampo during the [[Japanese occupation of Korea]], by adding the character '鎭'<ref group="Note">meaning 'to suppress, hold down'</ref> as during the [[First Sino-Japanese War]], the Japanese landed in Nampo and defeated the [[Qing dynasty]] forces. The name was immediately reverted to Nampo after [[Liberation of Korea|liberation]] to be rid of colonial legacies.<ref name=":0" /> |
The name of the city comes from the fishing village that was originally located in the Samhwa-hyon<ref group="Note">Now located in [[Ryonggang County]][http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0026951 <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>]</ref> area of South Pyongan Province. The city was renamed to Chinnampo during the [[Japanese occupation of Korea]], by adding the character '鎭'<ref group="Note">meaning 'to suppress, hold down'</ref> as during the [[First Sino-Japanese War]], the Japanese landed in Nampo and defeated the [[Qing dynasty]] forces. The name was immediately reverted to Nampo after [[Liberation of Korea|liberation]] to be rid of colonial legacies.<ref name=":0" /> |
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[[File:Emblem of Jinnampo-bu.svg|thumb|Emblem of Chinnanfufu (Jinnampo-bu), the administrative division of Korea during Japanese rule that Nampo fell under.]] |
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=== After formation of North Korea === |
=== After formation of North Korea === |
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In December 1979, Nampo became a [[Directly-governed cities of North Korea|directly-governed city]]. [[Taean-guyok|Taean-si]], [[Ryonggang County|Ryonggang-gun]] were absorbed into Nampo and the former Nampo-si was reorganised into Nampo-guyok with jurisdiction over 26 ''dong''s.<ref name=":0" /> |
In December 1979, Nampo became a [[Directly-governed cities of North Korea|directly-governed city]]. [[Taean-guyok|Taean-si]], [[Ryonggang County|Ryonggang-gun]] were absorbed into Nampo and the former Nampo-si was reorganised into Nampo-guyok with jurisdiction over 26 ''dong''s.<ref name=":0" /> |
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In 1983, a major reorganisation occurred and Nampo-guyok was split up into Waudo-guyok and Hanggu-guyok while Taean-si was split into Chollima-guyok, Taean-guyok and Kangso-guyok |
In 1983, a major reorganisation occurred and Nampo-guyok was split up into Waudo-guyok and Hanggu-guyok while Taean-si was split into Chollima-guyok, Taean-guyok and Kangso-guyok.<ref name=":0" /> |
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On 9 January 2004, the [[Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly]] downgraded Nampo from a directly governed city (''chikhalsi'') to a normal city belonging to [[South Pyongan Province]]. For some time after this, Chollima-guyok, Kangso-guyok and Taean-guyok districts became counties (''gun)'' of South Pyongan Province.<ref name=":0" /> By 2012, these counties were re-promoted to districts.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Newstream|url=https://kcnawatch.org/newstream/|access-date=2021-10-12|website=KCNA Watch|language=en-US}}</ref> |
On 9 January 2004, the [[Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly]] downgraded Nampo from a directly governed city (''chikhalsi'') to a normal city belonging to [[South Pyongan Province]]. For some time after this, Chollima-guyok, Kangso-guyok and Taean-guyok districts became counties (''gun)'' of South Pyongan Province.<ref name=":0" /> By 2012, these counties were re-promoted to districts.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Newstream|url=https://kcnawatch.org/newstream/|access-date=2021-10-12|website=KCNA Watch|language=en-US}}</ref> |
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In 2010, the city was detached from South Pyongan Province, and the counties which were originally part of the city reassigned to it along with transferring administration of Onchon-gun to Nampo. Due to these changes, Nampo became the second largest city in North Korea.<ref name="univw" /> |
In 2010, the city was detached from South Pyongan Province, and the counties which were originally part of the city reassigned to it along with transferring administration of Onchon-gun to Nampo. Due to these changes, Nampo became the second largest city in North Korea.<ref name="univw" /> |
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In September 2020, a major uplifting of the city was completed, in accordance to the |
In September 2020, a major uplifting of the city was completed, in accordance to the state policy of 'building local cities into distinctive towns'. This resulted in a seaside theme, with buildings mainly remodelled in blue, but also orange and browns. The strong [[Taean Friendship Glass Factory|local glass industry]] produced windows to glaze the apartment buildings. The supply of electricity, water and public transport was improved. As previously, the water supply was quoted to be 'insufficient' due to 'topographical conditions'.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Seaside town gets a fresh facelift|url=http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=35588|access-date=2021-10-11|website=www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp}}</ref> |
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== Economy == |
== Economy == |
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Nampo was originally a small fishing village that became a port for foreign trade in 1897, developing into a modern port in 1945 after [[World War II]]. With the rapid increase in state investment, the city's industrial capacity grew. Some of the city's industrial facilities include the city's Smelter Complex, Glass Corporation, [[Nampo Shipyard|Shipbuilding complex]], Fishery Complex, and other central and local factories. Nampo is a center for the DPRK shipbuilding industry. North of the city are facilities for freight transportation, aquatic products, and fishery, and a sea salt factory. Apples grown in the city's [[Ryonggang]] county (룡강군) are a famous local product.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=North Korea|encyclopedia=Britannica.com|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/North-Korea|access-date=14 December 2017}}</ref> |
Nampo was originally a small fishing village that became a port for foreign trade in 1897, developing into a modern port in 1945 after [[World War II]]. With the rapid increase in state investment, the city's industrial capacity grew. Some of the city's industrial facilities include the city's Smelter Complex, Glass Corporation, [[Nampo Shipyard|Shipbuilding complex]], Fishery Complex, and other central and local factories. Nampo is a center for the DPRK shipbuilding industry. North of the city are facilities for freight transportation, aquatic products, and fishery, and a sea salt factory. Apples grown in the city's [[Ryonggang]] county (룡강군) are a famous local product.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=North Korea|encyclopedia=Britannica.com|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/North-Korea|access-date=14 December 2017}}</ref> |
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In a May 1981, [[Kim Il |
In a May 1981, [[Kim Il Sung]] drew up a plan for the city which included three goals:<ref name="univw" /> |
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* to be developed into an international port city |
* to be developed into an international port city |
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=== Farming === |
=== Farming === |
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As the city is located on the [[Taedong River]], the is well suited to agriculture. [[Land reclamation]] occurs along the river and is used for [[Paddy field|rice growing]].<ref name=":1" /> Before [[Liberation of Korea|liberation]], the economy was mainly agricultural at 97%, but was in a very backwards condition. This was made worse by the Japanese plundering the rice grown locally. After the foundation of North Korea, the conditions rapidly improved and it was transformed into a modern rural economy and fishery industry.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=북한지역정보넷|trans-title=Nampo - economy|url=http://www.cybernk.net/infoText/InfoAdminstList.aspx?mc=AD0103&direct=1&ac=A0228%5C |
As the city is located on the [[Taedong River]], the surrounding area is well suited to agriculture. [[Land reclamation]] occurs along the river and is used for [[Paddy field|rice growing]].<ref name=":1" /> Before [[Liberation of Korea|liberation]], the economy was mainly agricultural at 97%, but was in a very backwards condition. This was made worse by the Japanese plundering the rice grown locally. After the foundation of North Korea, the conditions rapidly improved and it was transformed into a modern rural economy and fishery industry.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=북한지역정보넷|trans-title=Nampo - economy|url=http://www.cybernk.net/infoText/InfoAdminstList.aspx?mc=AD0103&direct=1&ac=A0228%5C|access-date=2021-10-12|website=www.cybernk.net}}</ref> |
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47.8% of the agricultural land are paddy fields, 40% are fields, 8.7% are orchards and 2.7% are [[Mulberry]] fields. The majority of fields sown are for grains, while around 20% is for vegetables. Various livestock are grown on [[Cooperative farming|cooperative farms]], but also in private farms. The fishery industry in Nampo is one of the most important on the west coast.<ref name=":2" /> |
47.8% of the agricultural land are paddy fields, 40% are fields, 8.7% are orchards and 2.7% are [[Mulberry]] fields. The majority of fields sown are for grains, while around 20% is for vegetables. Various livestock are grown on [[Cooperative farming|cooperative farms]], but also in private farms. The fishery industry in Nampo is one of the most important on the west coast.<ref name=":2" /> |
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=== Health === |
=== Health === |
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The main hospital in Nampo is the Nampho City People's Hospital, which underwent major reconstruction in 2020. The new hospital is reported to greatly enhance the quality of medical services provided by the hospital. It has a [[Telemedical|telemedicine]] link to hospitals in Pyongyang to further improve the medical care provided.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hospital improves service quality|url=http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=36622 |
The main hospital in Nampo is the Nampho City People's Hospital, which underwent major reconstruction in 2020. The new hospital is reported to greatly enhance the quality of medical services provided by the hospital. It has a [[Telemedical|telemedicine]] link to hospitals in Pyongyang to further improve the medical care provided.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hospital improves service quality|url=http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=36622|access-date=2021-10-11|website=www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp}}</ref> |
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Other treatment facilities in the city include the Nampho City Koryo Medicine Hospital,<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Blind man works his way through college to become doctor|url=http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=35647 |
Other treatment facilities in the city include the Nampho City Koryo Medicine Hospital,<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Blind man works his way through college to become doctor|url=http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=35647|access-date=2021-10-11|website=www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp}}</ref> Nampho City Maternity Hospital and the Waudo District People's Hospital.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Doctor develops diagnostic device beyond call of duty|url=http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=33894|access-date=2021-10-11|website=www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Local hospital improves maternity service|url=http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=29541|access-date=2021-10-11|website=www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp}}</ref> |
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=== Industry === |
=== Industry === |
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Prior to liberation, the industry was fully committed to military needs to supply the Japanese imperialist ambition and was an important port for munitions transport.<ref>{{Cite web|title=진남포시|url=https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?cid=46618&docId=562027&categoryId=46618|access-date=2021-10-13|website=terms.naver.com|language=ko}}</ref> For convenience, the Japanese |
Prior to liberation, the industry was fully committed to military needs to supply the Japanese imperialist ambition and was an important port for munitions transport.<ref>{{Cite web|title=진남포시|url=https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?cid=46618&docId=562027&categoryId=46618|access-date=2021-10-13|website=terms.naver.com|language=ko}}</ref> For convenience, the Japanese-built industries were clustered around what are now the districts of Waudo-guyok and Hunggu-guyok. Since then, Nampo has developed a strong economy with some industries in these areas being demolished and rebuilt in the corridor from Nampo to Pyongyang, such as in Chollima-guyok, Kangso-guyok or Taean-guyok.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="univw" /> |
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The [[Nampo Smelting Complex]] is a key production complex and produces various copper products.<ref name=":2" /> It also smelts zinc and lead, although the zinc smelter was allegedly dismantled in 2001 due to pollution concerns.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=Minerals Yearbook, Volume 3|publisher=Bureau of Mines|year=2006|isbn=9780160777103|pages=13.2}}</ref> Four other important industries of the city are the [[Chollima Steel Complex]], [[Taean Friendship Glass Factory]], [[Kumsong Tractor Factory]] and [[Taean Heavy Machine Complex]]. Although the city also has a range of light industry, the major companies are all invested in various forms of heavy industry.<ref name="univw" /> |
The [[Nampo Smelting Complex]] is a key production complex and produces various copper products.<ref name=":2" /> It also smelts zinc and lead, although the zinc smelter was allegedly dismantled in 2001 due to pollution concerns.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=Minerals Yearbook, Volume 3|publisher=Bureau of Mines|year=2006|isbn=9780160777103|pages=13.2}}</ref> Four other important industries of the city are the [[Chollima Steel Complex]], [[Taean Friendship Glass Factory]], [[Kumsong Tractor Factory]] and [[Taean Heavy Machine Complex]]. Although the city also has a range of light industry, the major companies are all invested in various forms of heavy industry.<ref name="univw" /> |
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The position of the city has attracted foreign investment,<ref>{{Cite web|title=N. Korea Permits Foreign Capital Investment for Developing Nampo Port - Pulse by Maeil Business News Korea|url=https://pulsenews.co.kr/view.php?year=2009&no=542399|access-date=2021-10-12|website=pulsenews.co.kr|language=ko}}</ref> an example being [[Pyeonghwa Motors]], which was a joint venture between the [[Unification Church]] and the North Korean government,<ref group="Note">Now 100% controlled by the North Korean government after the death of the founder of Unification Church</ref> where about 340 workers built cars from kits, mainly various Chinese cars and [[Fiat |
The position of the city has attracted foreign investment,<ref>{{Cite web|title=N. Korea Permits Foreign Capital Investment for Developing Nampo Port - Pulse by Maeil Business News Korea|url=https://pulsenews.co.kr/view.php?year=2009&no=542399|access-date=2021-10-12|website=pulsenews.co.kr|language=ko}}</ref> an example being [[Pyeonghwa Motors]], which was a joint venture between the [[Unification Church]] and the North Korean government,<ref group="Note">Now 100% controlled by the North Korean government after the death of the founder of Unification Church</ref> where about 340 workers built cars from knock-down kits, mainly various Chinese cars and [[Fiat]]s.<ref name="univw" /> |
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==== Defence ==== |
==== Defence ==== |
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Nampo has an extensive shipbuilding capability, which along with cargo ships, also builds various warships |
Nampo has an extensive shipbuilding capability, which along with cargo ships, also builds various warships.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-05-15|title=New North Korean Helicopter Frigates Spotted|url=https://www.38north.org/2014/05/jbermudez051514/|access-date=2021-10-31|website=38 North|language=en}}</ref> A submersible [[submarine-launched ballistic missile]] launch platform is based out of Nampo. The platform was first observed in 2017 and was likely operational in 2019,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-26|title=Nampo Naval Shipyard: Second Submersible Test Stand Barge Likely Operational - 38 North: Informed Analysis of North Korea|url=https://www.38north.org/2019/09/nampo092619/|access-date=2021-10-31|website=38 North|language=en}}</ref> although in 2020 the platform was captured out of the water, possibly for repairs, as at the same time, the first platform in the [[Sinpo|Sinpho South Shipyard]] also underwent repairs.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-29|title=Nampho Naval Shipyard: Second Submersible Test Barge Still Out of Water {{!}} 38 North: Informed Analysis of North Korea|url=https://www.38north.org/2021/07/nampho-naval-shipyard-second-submersible-test-barge-still-out-of-water/|access-date=2021-10-11|website=38 North|language=en}}</ref> |
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⚫ | A number of [[Hainan class submarine chaser|Hainan (Taechong) class]] patrol vessels, [[Osa-class missile boat|Osa (Soju)-class missile boats]], [[Nongo class|Nongo class fast attack crafts]], [[Komar-class missile boat]]s, [[Nampo-class corvette]]s and a [[Najin-class frigate]] are based in Nampo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-19|title=North Korean Navy – Light Frigates|url=https://warsearcher.com/shipsearcher/korean-peoples-navy-north-korea-current-and-retired/north-korean-navy-light-frigates/|access-date=2021-10-12|website=The Searchers|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-19|title=North Korean Navy – Corvettes and Patrol Ships|url=https://warsearcher.com/shipsearcher/korean-peoples-navy-north-korea-current-and-retired/north-korean-navy-corvettes-and-patrol-ships/|access-date=2021-10-12|website=The Searchers|language=en}}</ref> |
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A submersible [[submarine-launched ballistic missile]] launch platform is based out of Nampo, although in 2020 the platform was captured out of the water, possibly for repairs, as at the same time, the first platform in the [[Sinpo|Sinpho South Shipyard]] also underwent repairs.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-29|title=Nampho Naval Shipyard: Second Submersible Test Barge Still Out of Water {{!}} 38 North: Informed Analysis of North Korea|url=https://www.38north.org/2021/07/nampho-naval-shipyard-second-submersible-test-barge-still-out-of-water/|access-date=2021-10-11|website=38 North|language=en}}</ref> |
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⚫ | A number of [[Hainan class submarine chaser|Hainan (Taechong) class]] |
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==== Alleged uranium enrichment facility ==== |
==== Alleged uranium enrichment facility ==== |
||
In 2018, a report in ''[[The Diplomat]]'' claimed to have uncovered a [[Uranium enrichment]] facility in Chollima-guyok. A large building is said to contain the centrifuges for [[isotope separation]] and is surrounded by a wall, which according to the report, is a sign of a high security facility. The lack of snow on the roof of the building suggest that heat is being produced the entire year, and thus suggested that it is likely to be a uranium enrichment site.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Panda|first=Ankit|title=Exclusive: Revealing Kangson, North |
In 2018, a report in ''[[The Diplomat]]'' claimed to have uncovered a [[Uranium enrichment]] facility in Chollima-guyok. A large building is said to contain the centrifuges for [[isotope separation]] and is surrounded by a wall, which according to the report, is a sign of a high security facility. The lack of snow on the roof of the building suggest that heat is being produced the entire year, and thus suggested that it is likely to be a uranium enrichment site.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Panda|first=Ankit|title=Exclusive: Revealing Kangson, North Korea's First Covert Uranium Enrichment Site|url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/07/exclusive-revealing-kangson-north-koreas-first-covert-uranium-enrichment-site/|access-date=2021-10-11|website=thediplomat.com|language=en-US}}</ref> |
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However, these features are common in North Korea, and buildings with security fencing, on-site housing and monuments to the [[Kim family (North Korea)|Kim family]] and are not proof of a uranium enrichment facility. The [[Korean People's Army]] brigades that were assigned to the [[North Korea and weapons of mass destruction|nuclear program]] are fixed, unlike the shock troops deployed for [[Huichon Hydroelectric Power Station| |
However, these features are common in North Korea, and buildings with security fencing, on-site housing and monuments to the [[Kim family (North Korea)|Kim family]] and are not proof of a uranium enrichment facility. The [[Korean People's Army]] brigades that were assigned to the [[North Korea and weapons of mass destruction|nuclear program]] are fixed, unlike the shock troops deployed for [[Huichon Hydroelectric Power Station|hydroelectric power station]] or [[Mirae Scientists Street|apartment]] construction and if they were moved to Nampo, there should be evident signs in satellite imagery, of which there were none. Similarly, the security at the facility is comparably low, being accessed on an open road off the [[Youth Hero Motorway]] and with few facilities for security personal onsite. In comparison, the nearby [[Chamjin Missile Factory]] (Tae-sung Machine Plant) has noticeably higher security; an actual enrichment facility at the [[Nyongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center]] has multiple gates and inspection posts and is in a significantly less exposed position.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-03|title=Much Ado About Kangson {{!}} 38 North: Informed Analysis of North Korea|url=https://www.38north.org/2018/08/mmadden080318/|access-date=2021-10-11|website=38 North|language=en}}</ref> |
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==Administrative divisions== |
==Administrative divisions== |
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Line 132: | Line 127: | ||
== Demographics == |
== Demographics == |
||
According to the [[2008 North Korea Census]], a population of 366,815 lived in the city,<ref group="Note">Does not include Ryonggang County or Onchon County</ref> of which 310,864 lived in urban areas and 55,951 lived in rural areas.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-03-31|title=D P R Korea 2008 Population Census National Report|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final_national_census_report.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331091148/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf|archive-date=2010-03-31|access-date=2021-10-12 |
According to the [[2008 North Korea Census]], a population of 366,815 lived in the city,<ref group="Note">Does not include Ryonggang County or Onchon County</ref> of which 310,864 lived in urban areas and 55,951 lived in rural areas.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-03-31|title=D P R Korea 2008 Population Census National Report|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final_national_census_report.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331091148/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf|archive-date=2010-03-31|access-date=2021-10-12}}</ref> |
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==Environment== |
==Environment== |
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Line 138: | Line 133: | ||
=== Climate === |
=== Climate === |
||
{{Weather box|width = auto |
{{Weather box|width = auto |
||
| location = Nampo ( |
| location = Nampo (1991–2020) |
||
| metric first = Yes |
| metric first = Yes |
||
| single line = Yes |
| single line = Yes |
||
| Jan high C = - |
| Jan high C = -0.5 |
||
| Feb high C = 2. |
| Feb high C = 2.6 |
||
| Mar high C = 8. |
| Mar high C = 8.9 |
||
| Apr high C = 16. |
| Apr high C = 16.5 |
||
| May high C = |
| May high C = 22.5 |
||
| Jun high C = |
| Jun high C = 26.4 |
||
| Jul high C = |
| Jul high C = 28.5 |
||
| Aug high C = |
| Aug high C = 29.1 |
||
| Sep high C = |
| Sep high C = 25.5 |
||
| Oct high C = 18. |
| Oct high C = 18.9 |
||
| Nov high C = 9. |
| Nov high C = 9.9 |
||
| Dec high C = |
| Dec high C = 1.8 |
||
|year high C = 15. |
| year high C = 15.8 |
||
| Jan mean C = - |
| Jan mean C = -4.4 |
||
| Feb mean C = - |
| Feb mean C = -1.7 |
||
| Mar mean C = 3. |
| Mar mean C = 3.9 |
||
| Apr mean C = 10. |
| Apr mean C = 10.8 |
||
| May mean C = 16. |
| May mean C = 16.7 |
||
| Jun mean C = |
| Jun mean C = 21.2 |
||
| Jul mean C = |
| Jul mean C = 24.3 |
||
| Aug mean C = 24. |
| Aug mean C = 24.8 |
||
| Sep mean C = 20. |
| Sep mean C = 20.4 |
||
| Oct mean C = 13. |
| Oct mean C = 13.7 |
||
| Nov mean C = 5. |
| Nov mean C = 5.7 |
||
| Dec mean C = -1. |
| Dec mean C = -1.8 |
||
|year mean C = |
| year mean C = 11.1 |
||
| Jan low C = - |
| Jan low C = -7.9 |
||
| Feb low C = -5. |
| Feb low C = -5.4 |
||
| Mar low C = |
| Mar low C = 0.0 |
||
| Apr low C = 6. |
| Apr low C = 6.4 |
||
| May low C = 12. |
| May low C = 12.4 |
||
| Jun low C = 17. |
| Jun low C = 17.7 |
||
| Jul low C = 21. |
| Jul low C = 21.4 |
||
| Aug low C = 21. |
| Aug low C = 21.7 |
||
| Sep low C = 16. |
| Sep low C = 16.6 |
||
| Oct low C = 9. |
| Oct low C = 9.5 |
||
| Nov low C = |
| Nov low C = 2.0 |
||
| Dec low C = - |
| Dec low C = -5.0 |
||
|year low C = 7. |
| year low C = 7.5 |
||
| precipitation colour = green |
| precipitation colour = green |
||
| Jan precipitation mm = |
| Jan precipitation mm = 9.2 |
||
| Feb precipitation mm = |
| Feb precipitation mm = 12.9 |
||
| Mar precipitation mm = |
| Mar precipitation mm = 17.3 |
||
| Apr precipitation mm = |
| Apr precipitation mm = 36.8 |
||
| May precipitation mm = |
| May precipitation mm = 67.0 |
||
| Jun precipitation mm = |
| Jun precipitation mm = 82.0 |
||
| Jul precipitation mm = |
| Jul precipitation mm = 202.2 |
||
| Aug precipitation mm = |
| Aug precipitation mm = 166.2 |
||
| Sep precipitation mm = |
| Sep precipitation mm = 72.4 |
||
| Oct precipitation mm = 38. |
| Oct precipitation mm = 38.5 |
||
| Nov precipitation mm = |
| Nov precipitation mm = 38.8 |
||
| Dec precipitation mm = |
| Dec precipitation mm = 19.6 |
||
|year precipitation mm = |
| year precipitation mm = 762.9 |
||
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |
||
| Jan precipitation days = 4. |
| Jan precipitation days = 4.2 |
||
| Feb precipitation days = 3.5 |
| Feb precipitation days = 3.5 |
||
| Mar precipitation days = |
| Mar precipitation days = 3.7 |
||
| Apr precipitation days = |
| Apr precipitation days = 5.0 |
||
| May precipitation days = 6. |
| May precipitation days = 6.5 |
||
| Jun precipitation days = 7. |
| Jun precipitation days = 7.0 |
||
| Jul precipitation days = |
| Jul precipitation days = 10.8 |
||
| Aug precipitation days = |
| Aug precipitation days = 8.2 |
||
| Sep precipitation days = |
| Sep precipitation days = 5.5 |
||
| Oct precipitation days = 5. |
| Oct precipitation days = 5.3 |
||
| Nov precipitation days = |
| Nov precipitation days = 6.8 |
||
| Dec precipitation days = |
| Dec precipitation days = 6.0 |
||
|year precipitation days = |
| year precipitation days = 72.5 |
||
| Jan snow days = |
| Jan snow days = 5.2 |
||
| Feb snow days = 3. |
| Feb snow days = 3.2 |
||
| Mar snow days = |
| Mar snow days = 1.6 |
||
| Apr snow days = 0.1 |
| Apr snow days = 0.1 |
||
| May snow days = 0.0 |
| May snow days = 0.0 |
||
Line 217: | Line 212: | ||
| Aug snow days = 0.0 |
| Aug snow days = 0.0 |
||
| Sep snow days = 0.0 |
| Sep snow days = 0.0 |
||
| Oct snow days = 0. |
| Oct snow days = 0.0 |
||
| Nov snow days = 2. |
| Nov snow days = 2.1 |
||
| Dec snow days = 5.6 |
| Dec snow days = 5.6 |
||
| year snow days = |
| year snow days = 17.8 |
||
| Jan humidity = |
| Jan humidity = 72.1 |
||
| Feb humidity = |
| Feb humidity = 70.0 |
||
| Mar humidity = |
| Mar humidity = 69.2 |
||
| Apr humidity = 66. |
| Apr humidity = 66.6 |
||
| May humidity = 71. |
| May humidity = 71.1 |
||
| Jun humidity = |
| Jun humidity = 78.4 |
||
| Jul humidity = 85.8 |
| Jul humidity = 85.8 |
||
| Aug humidity = 84.6 |
| Aug humidity = 84.6 |
||
| Sep humidity = |
| Sep humidity = 77.2 |
||
| Oct humidity = 72. |
| Oct humidity = 72.4 |
||
| Nov humidity = |
| Nov humidity = 73.6 |
||
| Dec humidity = |
| Dec humidity = 72.5 |
||
| year humidity = 74. |
| year humidity = 74.5 |
||
|source 1 = [[Korea Meteorological Administration]]<ref name= KMA>{{cite web |
|source 1 = [[Korea Meteorological Administration]]<ref name= KMA>{{cite web |
||
| url = https://data.kma.go.kr/ |
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220129211112/https://data.kma.go.kr/resources/normals/pdf_data/northkorea_pdf_0104.pdf |
||
⚫ | |||
| url = https://data.kma.go.kr/resources/normals/pdf_data/northkorea_pdf_0104.pdf |
|||
⚫ | |||
| publisher = Korea Meteorological Administration |
| publisher = Korea Meteorological Administration |
||
| access-date = |
| access-date = 24 March 2022 |
||
⚫ | |||
| language = ko |
| language = ko |
||
⚫ | |||
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201221190709/https://data.kma.go.kr/data/publication/publicationNkList.do?pgmNo=566 |
|||
| url-status = live |
| url-status = live |
||
| pages = |
| pages = 218, 318, and 345}}</ref> |
||
}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
=== Geography === |
=== Geography === |
||
[[File:1354_-_Nordkorea_2015_-_von_Nampo_nach_Käsong_(22566905827).jpg|thumb|Countryside of Nampo, by the [[Taedong River]]]] |
[[File:1354_-_Nordkorea_2015_-_von_Nampo_nach_Käsong_(22566905827).jpg|thumb|Countryside of Nampo, by the [[Taedong River]]]] |
||
Nampo is located on the west coast of Korea, and is mostly low-lying with 82% of the city below 50 metres elevation. There are mountains mostly in the south and east, which are generally below 100 metres above sea level, forming a wavy plain. The highest points in the city are on the Osok mountain range, with Osok-san at 566 m and Guksabong at 506 m. The many rivers and streams flowing through the city provide good conditions for agriculture. Underneath the city, there are iron, manganese, [[titanium]] along with other precious metals, including gold and silver.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=북한지역정보넷|trans-title=Nampo - |
Nampo is located on the west coast of Korea, and is mostly low-lying with 82% of the city below 50 metres elevation. There are mountains mostly in the south and east, which are generally below 100 metres above sea level, forming a wavy plain. The highest points in the city are on the Osok mountain range, with Osok-san at 566 m and Guksabong at 506 m. The many rivers and streams flowing through the city provide good conditions for agriculture. Underneath the city, there are iron, manganese, [[titanium]] along with other precious metals, including gold and silver.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=북한지역정보넷|trans-title=Nampo - environment|url=http://www.cybernk.net/infoText/InfoAdminstList.aspx?mc=AD0102&direct=1&ac=A0228|access-date=2021-10-12|website=www.cybernk.net}}</ref><ref name="univw">{{Cite web|last=Dormels|first=Rainer|title=Profiles of the cities of DPR Korea – Nampho|url=https://dnk.univie.ac.at/fileadmin/user_upload/p_koreanologie/North_Korean_Cities/Nampho/Nampho_01.pdf|website=[[Universitat Wien]]}}</ref> |
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=== Natural environment === |
=== Natural environment === |
||
Line 258: | Line 252: | ||
===Road=== |
===Road=== |
||
The [[Youth Hero Motorway]], completed in October 2000 connects Nampo to Pyongyang. The motorway was built mainly by younger people, and hence the road was renamed in commemoration of their efforts from Pyongyang-Nampo Motorway to the Youth Hero Motorway.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pyongyang-Nampo Motorway Completed|url=http://www.korea-np.co.jp/pk/149th_issue/2000101404.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030621091946/http://www.korea-np.co.jp/pk/149th_issue/2000101404.htm|archive-date=2003-06-21}}</ref> |
|||
The [[Youth Hero Motorway]] connects Nampo to Pyongyang. |
|||
==== Public transport ==== |
==== Public transport ==== |
||
Nampo has a trolleybus system which opened around 1982. The system has a main line, running from [[Nampo Stadium]] to the northeast of the city and a branch from the main line to the west of the city, near the salt pans. The branch could be only served from the direction of the stadium, and was in poor condition with the [[overhead line]] no longer stretched with it not being used at least since 2011. In 2015, the service was reported intermittently operated if at all, and only on weekdays.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nampho [KP] - Nur wenig Verkehr|url=https://www.trolleymotion.eu/trolleynews/beitrag/?id=6244 |
Nampo has a [[trolleybus]] system which opened around 1982.<ref name="tm246-tarkhov">{{cite magazine |last1=Tarkhov |first1=Sergei |last2=Merzlov |first2=Dmitriy |title=North Korean Surprises – Part 3 |magazine=Trolleybus Magazine |issue=246 |date=November–December 2002 |pages=122–130 |publisher=National Trolleybus Association| location=UK |issn=0266-7452}}</ref> The system has a main line, running from [[Nampo Stadium]] to the northeast of the city and a branch from the main line to the west of the city, near the salt pans. The branch could be only served from the direction of the stadium, and was in poor condition with the [[overhead line]] no longer stretched with it not being used at least since 2011. In 2015, the service was reported intermittently operated if at all, and only on weekdays.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nampho [KP] - Nur wenig Verkehr|url=https://www.trolleymotion.eu/trolleynews/beitrag/?id=6244|access-date=2021-10-12|language=de-DE}}</ref> Operation was returned to normal from 24 August 2021, when the city authorities declared a push to improve transport, which included normalising the trolleybus service. As part of this push, around 20 derelict buses were repaired and brought back into service.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kim|first=Hyok-chol|date=2021-08-24|title=당결정관철에 떨쳐나선 도당위원회들의 소식-무조건적인 복무정신을 지니고 실천적인 대책을-남포시당위원회에서|url=http://rodong.rep.kp/ko/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2021-08-24-0003|access-date=2021-10-11|website=[[Rodong Sinmun]]}}</ref> |
||
In November 2015, a solar panel [[electric bus]] developed by the science and technological committee of Nampo was tested in the city. It is powered by 32 100-watt solar panels charging 50 [[Taedonggang Battery Factory|Taedonggang Batteries]] and powering a 95 kW DC motor to carry up to 140 passengers at 40 km/h and is part of the effort to alleviate the energy shortages in North Korea.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-11-02|title=北 '태양광 버스' 운행..."140명 태우고 시속 40km"|url=https://www.ytn.co.kr/_ln/0101_201511021858353961|access-date=2021-10-12|website=YTN|language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nampho, electric bus # 103|url=https://transphoto.org/vehicle/520909/|access-date=2021-10-12|website=transphoto.org|language=en}}</ref> |
In November 2015, a solar panel [[electric bus]] developed by the science and technological committee of Nampo was tested in the city. It is powered by 32 100-watt solar panels charging 50 [[Taedonggang Battery Factory|Taedonggang Batteries]] and powering a 95 kW DC motor to carry up to 140 passengers at 40 km/h and is part of the effort to alleviate the energy shortages in North Korea.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-11-02|title=北 '태양광 버스' 운행..."140명 태우고 시속 40km"|url=https://www.ytn.co.kr/_ln/0101_201511021858353961|access-date=2021-10-12|website=YTN|language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nampho, electric bus # 103|url=https://transphoto.org/vehicle/520909/|access-date=2021-10-12|website=transphoto.org|language=en}}</ref> |
||
Tarkhov, Sergei and Dmitriy Merzlov. "North Korean Surprises - Part 3". (Trolleybus Magazine No. 246, November–December 2002). |
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===Air=== |
===Air=== |
||
Line 272: | Line 268: | ||
The first rail line in Korea was built connecting Pyongyang and Chinnampo in 1895 by the Japanese military. It was an 88 km line with cars that were man-powered and running on 21-inch tracks but was dismantled not long after it began operation.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-21|title=Pyongyang's first rail system|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/opinion/2021/10/721_257309.html|access-date=2021-10-13|website=koreatimes|language=en}}</ref> |
The first rail line in Korea was built connecting Pyongyang and Chinnampo in 1895 by the Japanese military. It was an 88 km line with cars that were man-powered and running on 21-inch tracks but was dismantled not long after it began operation.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-21|title=Pyongyang's first rail system|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/opinion/2021/10/721_257309.html|access-date=2021-10-13|website=koreatimes|language=en}}</ref> |
||
The greater Nampo area is densely served by the [[Korean State Railway]], with a number of stations on the [[Pyongnam Line|P'yŏngnam Line]], the entirety of the [[Ryonggang Line|Ryonggang]], [[Sohaekammun Line|Sŏhaekammun]], [[Posan Line|Posan]], [[Nampohang Line|Nampohang]] and [[Taean Line|Taean]] lines, and one station on the [[Ullyul Line|Ŭllyul Line]] being located inside the boundaries of Namp'o-t'ŭkpyŏlsi. Branches off the Pyongnam line at Nampo station specifically serve the [[Nampo Smelting Complex]] and Nampo Electrode Factory.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=북한지역정보넷|trans-title=Nampo - transport|url=http://www.cybernk.net/infoText/InfoAdminstList.aspx?mc=AD0104&direct=1&ac=A0228 |
The greater Nampo area is densely served by the [[Korean State Railway]], with a number of stations on the [[Pyongnam Line|P'yŏngnam Line]], the entirety of the [[Ryonggang Line|Ryonggang]], [[Sohaekammun Line|Sŏhaekammun]], [[Posan Line|Posan]], [[Nampohang Line|Nampohang]] and [[Taean Line|Taean]] lines, and one station on the [[Ullyul Line|Ŭllyul Line]] being located inside the boundaries of Namp'o-t'ŭkpyŏlsi. Branches off the Pyongnam line at Nampo station specifically serve the [[Nampo Smelting Complex]] and Nampo Electrode Factory.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=북한지역정보넷|trans-title=Nampo - transport|url=http://www.cybernk.net/infoText/InfoAdminstList.aspx?mc=AD0104&direct=1&ac=A0228|access-date=2021-10-12|website=www.cybernk.net}}</ref> |
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=== Water === |
=== Water === |
||
Line 284: | Line 280: | ||
In 2008, the harbour received several batches of grain delivery; the first batch delivered in June was sent by the [[United States]] and weighed 38,000 tons. A South Korean-based relief organisation, Join Together Society, donated one batch of flour in October of the same year weighing approximately 500 tons.<ref>[http://www.kinu.or.kr/2009/0727/white2009_e.pdf ''KINU White paper on human rights in North Korea'', 2009 (Chapter G. Human Rights Violations Inside Political Concentration Camps (Kwanliso), p. 125)]<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed if one exists --></ref> |
In 2008, the harbour received several batches of grain delivery; the first batch delivered in June was sent by the [[United States]] and weighed 38,000 tons. A South Korean-based relief organisation, Join Together Society, donated one batch of flour in October of the same year weighing approximately 500 tons.<ref>[http://www.kinu.or.kr/2009/0727/white2009_e.pdf ''KINU White paper on human rights in North Korea'', 2009 (Chapter G. Human Rights Violations Inside Political Concentration Camps (Kwanliso), p. 125)]<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed if one exists --></ref> |
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Vehicle transport ships carry trucks between Nampo port and [[South Hwanghae Province]] through the West Sea Barrage, which saves time and fuel from driving a longer distance to the province.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jong|first=Hwa Sun|title=For the development of river transport|url=http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=25792 |
Vehicle transport ships carry trucks between Nampo port and [[South Hwanghae Province]] through the West Sea Barrage, which saves time and fuel from driving a longer distance to the province.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jong|first=Hwa Sun|title=For the development of river transport|url=http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=25792|access-date=2021-10-11|website=www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp}}</ref> |
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During the [[COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea|COVID-19 pandemic]], there was a noticeable decrease in traffic at the Nampo Coal Port, with just a few or no ships visible.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-04|title=Nampo: A Tale of Two Ports {{!}} 38 North: Informed Analysis of North Korea|url=https://www.38north.org/2020/08/nampo080420/|access-date=2021-10-11|website=38 North|language=en}}</ref> Two tanks for petroleum or oil were finally built in 2020 after the bases were completed in 2016, while the other bases for the tanks remains unused. A separate oil terminal also started construction in 2020, including a new offshore wharf.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-02|title=Nampho Container Port Remains Active Despite Continued Border Closures {{!}} 38 North: Informed Analysis of North Korea|url=https://www.38north.org/2021/02/nampho-container-port-remains-active-despite-continued-border-closures/|access-date=2021-10-11|website=38 North|language=en}}</ref> Walls were built with shipping containers which marked a path to the warehouses and divided the port into cargo storage areas, although the purpose is not known but possibly related to COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-29|title=Unusual Container Walls at the Nampho Container Port {{!}} 38 North: Informed Analysis of North Korea|url=https://www.38north.org/2021/07/unusual-container-walls-at-the-nampho-container-port/|access-date=2021-10-12|website=38 North|language=en}}</ref> The port mainly handles trade of concrete and coal.<ref name=":3" /> |
During the [[COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea|COVID-19 pandemic]], there was a noticeable decrease in traffic at the Nampo Coal Port, with just a few or no ships visible.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-04|title=Nampo: A Tale of Two Ports {{!}} 38 North: Informed Analysis of North Korea|url=https://www.38north.org/2020/08/nampo080420/|access-date=2021-10-11|website=38 North|language=en}}</ref> Two tanks for petroleum or oil were finally built in 2020 after the bases were completed in 2016, while the other bases for the tanks remains unused. A separate oil terminal also started construction in 2020, including a new offshore wharf.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-02|title=Nampho Container Port Remains Active Despite Continued Border Closures {{!}} 38 North: Informed Analysis of North Korea|url=https://www.38north.org/2021/02/nampho-container-port-remains-active-despite-continued-border-closures/|access-date=2021-10-11|website=38 North|language=en}}</ref> Walls were built with shipping containers which marked a path to the warehouses and divided the port into cargo storage areas, although the purpose is not known but possibly related to COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-29|title=Unusual Container Walls at the Nampho Container Port {{!}} 38 North: Informed Analysis of North Korea|url=https://www.38north.org/2021/07/unusual-container-walls-at-the-nampho-container-port/|access-date=2021-10-12|website=38 North|language=en}}</ref> The port mainly handles trade of concrete and coal.<ref name=":3" /> |
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Line 297: | Line 293: | ||
* Sunhwa College |
* Sunhwa College |
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* Nampho College of Medical Sciences<ref name=":5" /> |
* Nampho College of Medical Sciences<ref name=":5" /> |
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* Nampho University of Agriculture<ref>{{Cite web|title=University does good job for agricultural development|url=http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=27161 |
* Nampho University of Agriculture<ref>{{Cite web|title=University does good job for agricultural development|url=http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=27161|access-date=2021-10-13|website=www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp}}</ref> |
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* Nampo College of Shipping Industry |
* Nampo College of Shipping Industry |
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* Nampo Building Materials College |
* Nampo Building Materials College |
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* Nampo University of Fisheries |
* Nampo University of Fisheries |
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*Kangson College of Engineering<ref>{{Cite web|title=College student helps war veteran grandma|url=http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=36384 |
*Kangson College of Engineering<ref>{{Cite web|title=College student helps war veteran grandma|url=http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=36384|access-date=2021-10-13|website=www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp}}</ref> |
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*Nampho University of Education<ref>{{Cite web|title=University students conduct social and political activities in Samjiyon County|url=http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=31029 |
*Nampho University of Education<ref>{{Cite web|title=University students conduct social and political activities in Samjiyon County|url=http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=31029|access-date=2021-10-13|website=www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp}}</ref> |
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=== Historical relics === |
=== Historical relics === |
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Parts of the [[World Cultural Heritage]] listed [[Goguryeo tombs|Koguryo tombs]] are located in [[Ryonggang County]], dating to the 5th century which provides much information on the study of the social, architectural, painting and castles of the Koguryo dynasty. Although most of the murals have faded away, a portrait and a map are still present on the south walls.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Large tomb in Ryonggang|url=http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=35131 |
Parts of the [[World Cultural Heritage]] listed [[Goguryeo tombs|Koguryo tombs]] are located in [[Ryonggang County]], dating to the 5th century which provides much information on the study of the social, architectural, painting and castles of the Koguryo dynasty. Although most of the murals have faded away, a portrait and a map are still present on the south walls.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Large tomb in Ryonggang|url=http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=35131|access-date=2021-10-13|website=www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp}}</ref> |
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An early [[Koryo Dynasty]] era granite Buddhist image was unearthed by the [[Kim Il |
An early [[Koryo Dynasty]] era granite Buddhist image was unearthed by the [[Kim Il Sung University]] and {{ill|Academy of Social Sciences (North Korea)|ko|사회과학원|lt=Academy of Social Sciences}} and registered to the list of national treasures in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Archaeological sites newly registered|url=http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=33503|access-date=2021-10-13|website=www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp}}</ref> Various other artefacts were also unearthed along with it, such as iron [[arrowhead]]s, [[Coin|metallic currency]] and pottery.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stone Buddhist image from early Koryo period unearthed|url=http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=32937|access-date=2021-10-13|website=www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp}}</ref> It appears to depict [[Bhaisajyaguru]]<ref group="Note">Yaksayorae in Korean</ref> as it is holding a [[gallipot]] with both hands.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stone Buddha unearthed, presumed dating back to early Koryo period|url=http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=32027|access-date=2021-10-13|website=www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp}}</ref> |
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The [[Hwangnyong Fortress]] was built during [[Koguryo]] and repaired in year 919 under the [[Koryo Dynasty]]. The original purpose was to defend Pyongyang from invaders in the southwest. The peaks in the north, east, south and west of the fort are used as observation posts during peacetime and can be used as command posts during wartime.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fort site highlights |
The [[Hwangnyong Fortress]] was built during [[Koguryo]] and repaired in year 919 under the [[Koryo Dynasty]]. The original purpose was to defend Pyongyang from invaders in the southwest. The peaks in the north, east, south and west of the fort are used as observation posts during peacetime and can be used as command posts during wartime.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fort site highlights Korea's ancient wall-{{sic|nolink=y|reason=error in source|builidng}}|url=http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=30910|access-date=2021-10-13|website=www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp}}</ref> |
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There are three historical tombs in Nampo, all dating to the [[Goguryeo]] dynasty.<ref>{{Cite web|title=북한지역정보넷|url=http://www.cybernk.net/infoMedia/InfoMultiAnimationList.aspx?mc=HM0302&mt=1&aid=A40530000000344|access-date=2021-10-31|website=www.cybernk.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=북한지역정보넷|url=http://www.cybernk.net/infoMedia/InfoMultiAnimationList.aspx?mc=HM0302&mt=1&aid=A40530000000405|access-date=2021-10-31|website=www.cybernk.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=북한지역정보넷|url=http://www.cybernk.net/infoMedia/InfoMultiAnimationList.aspx?mc=HM0302&mt=1&aid=A40530000000403|access-date=2021-10-31|website=www.cybernk.net}}</ref> |
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==Notable people from Nampo== |
==Notable people from Nampo== |
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* [[No Kwang-chol]], [[North Korea]]n [[Daejang|general]] and [[Politics of North Korea|politician]] ([[Workers' Party of Korea]]) |
* [[No Kwang-chol]], [[North Korea]]n [[Daejang|general]] and [[Politics of North Korea|politician]] ([[Workers' Party of Korea]]) |
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*[[Kim Kil-hak]], composer, with title of People's Artist.<ref>{{Cite web|title=북한지역정보넷|url=http://www.cybernk.net/infoText/InfoHumanDetail.aspx?mc=EJ0306&hid=EH060700011020&rightType=3&direct=1&direct=1|access-date=2021-10-31|website=www.cybernk.net}}</ref> |
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==Sister cities== |
==Sister cities== |
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* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Russia]]<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ru:Перспективные направления сотрудничества|trans-title=Prospective areas of cooperation|url=http://kvs.gov.spb.ru/media/uploads/userfiles/2017/06/05/5Democratic_Peoples_republic_of_Korea.docx|access-date=22 October 2017|publisher=Committee for External Relations of Saint-Petersburg|language=ru}}</ref> |
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Russia]]<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ru:Перспективные направления сотрудничества|trans-title=Prospective areas of cooperation|url=http://kvs.gov.spb.ru/media/uploads/userfiles/2017/06/05/5Democratic_Peoples_republic_of_Korea.docx|access-date=22 October 2017|publisher=Committee for External Relations of Saint-Petersburg|language=ru|archive-date=23 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923093951/http://kvs.gov.spb.ru/media/uploads/userfiles/2017/06/05/5Democratic_Peoples_republic_of_Korea.docx|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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* {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Chiautempan]], [[Mexico]]<ref>{{Cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185926/http://kcna.co.jp/item/2003/200307/news07/28.htm#3|archive-date=8 September 2017|url=http://kcna.co.jp/item/2003/200307/news07/28.htm#3|date=27 July 2003|access-date=3 December 2017|publisher=KCNA|title=Sister cities between DPRK and Mexico}}</ref> |
* {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Chiautempan]], [[Mexico]]<ref>{{Cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185926/http://kcna.co.jp/item/2003/200307/news07/28.htm#3|archive-date=8 September 2017|url=http://kcna.co.jp/item/2003/200307/news07/28.htm#3|date=27 July 2003|access-date=3 December 2017|publisher=KCNA|title=Sister cities between DPRK and Mexico}}</ref> |
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* {{flagicon|Ecuador}} [[Loja, Ecuador|Loja]], [[Ecuador]]<ref>{{Cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908195306/http://kcna.co.jp/item/2005/200508/news08/11.htm#19|archive-date=8 September 2017|url=http://kcna.co.jp/item/2005/200508/news08/11.htm#19|date=10 August 2005|access-date=3 December 2017|publisher=KCNA|title=Friendly Ties Opened between DPRK and Ecuadorian Cities}}</ref> |
* {{flagicon|Ecuador}} [[Loja, Ecuador|Loja]], [[Ecuador]]<ref>{{Cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908195306/http://kcna.co.jp/item/2005/200508/news08/11.htm#19|archive-date=8 September 2017|url=http://kcna.co.jp/item/2005/200508/news08/11.htm#19|date=10 August 2005|access-date=3 December 2017|publisher=KCNA|title=Friendly Ties Opened between DPRK and Ecuadorian Cities}}</ref> |
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* {{flagicon|Portugal}} Lisbon, Portugal |
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==See also== |
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{{Portal|North Korea}} |
{{Portal|North Korea}} |
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* [[List of cities in North Korea]] |
* [[List of cities in North Korea]] |
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Line 331: | Line 329: | ||
==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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*Dormels, Rainer. North Korea's Cities: Industrial facilities, internal structures and typification. Jimoondang, 2014. {{ISBN|978-89-6297-167-5}} |
*Dormels, Rainer. ''North Korea's Cities: Industrial facilities, internal structures and typification''. Jimoondang, 2014. {{ISBN|978-89-6297-167-5}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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Line 337: | Line 335: | ||
{{commons category|Nampo}} |
{{commons category|Nampo}} |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040603123639/http://uk.geocities.com/hkgalbert/kpmap.htm Korea Tourist Map] (English, Korean, Japanese, Chinese) |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040603123639/http://uk.geocities.com/hkgalbert/kpmap.htm Korea Tourist Map] (English, Korean, Japanese, Chinese) |
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* [http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=165472#Post165472 North Korea Uncovered], North Korea Google Earth: labels most of Nampo's infrastructure locations including hotels, nearby UNESCO sites, railroads, West Sea Barge, electricity grid, and shipping facilities. |
* [http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=165472#Post165472 North Korea Uncovered] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114214343/http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=165472#Post165472 |date=2012-01-14 }}, North Korea Google Earth: labels most of Nampo's infrastructure locations including hotels, nearby UNESCO sites, railroads, West Sea Barge, electricity grid, and shipping facilities. |
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* {{ |
* {{YouTube|fwLniA2QRAo|Nampo City (North Korea)}} |
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* {{ |
* {{YouTube|zJdEUjvDB78|North Korea – Passing through Nampo (DPRK)}} |
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{{South Pyongan}}{{Regions and administrative divisions of North Korea}} |
{{South Pyongan}}{{Regions and administrative divisions of North Korea}} |
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{{Cities in North Korea}} |
{{Cities in North Korea}} |
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{{Most populous cities in North Korea}} |
{{Most populous cities in North Korea}} |
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{{Largest cities of North Korea}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
Revision as of 21:34, 14 July 2024
Nampo
남포시 | |
---|---|
Nampho[1] | |
Korean transcription(s) | |
• Chosŏn'gŭl | 남포특별시 |
• Hancha | 南浦特別市 |
• McCune-Reischauer | Namp'o-t'ŭkpyŏlsi |
• Revised Romanization | Nampo-teukbyeolsi |
Clockwise from top: the West Sea Barrage, view of Nampo city, the Chongsan-ri co-operative farm, a monument | |
![]() Map of North Korea showing the location of Nampo | |
Coordinates: 38°44′08″N 125°24′32″E / 38.73556°N 125.40889°E | |
Land | ![]() |
Administrative divisions | 5 guyok, 2 gun |
Regierung | |
• Party Committee Chairman | Ri Jae-nam[2] (WPK) |
• People's Committee Chairman | Ri Kil-chun[3] |
Area | |
• Special city | 1,281 km2 (495 sq mi) |
Population (2014[4]) | |
• Special city | 983,660 |
• Density | 770/km2 (2,000/sq mi) |
• Urban | 703,317 |
• Rural | 280,343 |
• Dialect | P'yŏngan |
Time zone | UTC+9 (Pyongyang Time) |
[5] |
Nampo (North Korean official spelling: Nampho; pronounced [nam.pʰo]), also spelled Namp'o, is a city in North Korea which is the country's fourth-largest by population. The city is an important seaport in the country as it lies on the northern shore of the Taedong River, 15 km east of the river's mouth. Formerly known as Chinnamp'o, it was a provincial-level "Directly Governed City" ("Chikhalsi") from 1980 to 2004, and was designated a "Special City" ("T'ŭkpyŏlsi", 특별시; 特別市) in 2010. Nampo is approximately 50 km southwest of Pyongyang, at the mouth of the Taedong River. Since North Korean independence, the city has developed a wide range of industry and has seen significant recent redevelopment.
History
Before formation of North Korea
The city belonged to Gojoseon until the Three Kingdoms era, when it was taken by Goguryeo. During this time, the city was part of Sogyong (now Pyongyang) until the Goryeo dynasty, when in the aftermath of the Myocheong rebellion, Sogyong was split into six counties, of which currently constitute Nampo are Kangso-hyon, Ryonggang-hyon and Samhwa-hyon.[6] In the late Goryeo period, the area was named Chungnampo for the village of Pogu, located to the south of Chungsan County.[7] After the establishment of Joseon dynsasty, the area belonged to Pyongan Province.[6]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Landing_on_Nampho.jpg/220px-Landing_on_Nampho.jpg)
The name of the city comes from the fishing village that was originally located in the Samhwa-hyon[Note 1] area of South Pyongan Province. The city was renamed to Chinnampo during the Japanese occupation of Korea, by adding the character '鎭'[Note 2] as during the First Sino-Japanese War, the Japanese landed in Nampo and defeated the Qing dynasty forces. The name was immediately reverted to Nampo after liberation to be rid of colonial legacies.[6]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Emblem_of_Jinnampo-bu.svg/220px-Emblem_of_Jinnampo-bu.svg.png)
After formation of North Korea
The city was founded in 1950 and contained 27 ri. Various rearrangements occurred in 1952 and by 1960, there were 15 dong and 8 ri.[4]
In December 1979, Nampo became a directly-governed city. Taean-si, Ryonggang-gun were absorbed into Nampo and the former Nampo-si was reorganised into Nampo-guyok with jurisdiction over 26 dongs.[6]
In 1983, a major reorganisation occurred and Nampo-guyok was split up into Waudo-guyok and Hanggu-guyok while Taean-si was split into Chollima-guyok, Taean-guyok and Kangso-guyok.[6]
On 9 January 2004, the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly downgraded Nampo from a directly governed city (chikhalsi) to a normal city belonging to South Pyongan Province. For some time after this, Chollima-guyok, Kangso-guyok and Taean-guyok districts became counties (gun) of South Pyongan Province.[6] By 2012, these counties were re-promoted to districts.[8]
In 2010, the city was detached from South Pyongan Province, and the counties which were originally part of the city reassigned to it along with transferring administration of Onchon-gun to Nampo. Due to these changes, Nampo became the second largest city in North Korea.[4]
In September 2020, a major uplifting of the city was completed, in accordance to the state policy of 'building local cities into distinctive towns'. This resulted in a seaside theme, with buildings mainly remodelled in blue, but also orange and browns. The strong local glass industry produced windows to glaze the apartment buildings. The supply of electricity, water and public transport was improved. As previously, the water supply was quoted to be 'insufficient' due to 'topographical conditions'.[9]
Economy
Nampo was originally a small fishing village that became a port for foreign trade in 1897, developing into a modern port in 1945 after World War II. With the rapid increase in state investment, the city's industrial capacity grew. Some of the city's industrial facilities include the city's Smelter Complex, Glass Corporation, Shipbuilding complex, Fishery Complex, and other central and local factories. Nampo is a center for the DPRK shipbuilding industry. North of the city are facilities for freight transportation, aquatic products, and fishery, and a sea salt factory. Apples grown in the city's Ryonggang county (룡강군) are a famous local product.[10]
In a May 1981, Kim Il Sung drew up a plan for the city which included three goals:[4]
- to be developed into an international port city
- to increase export volume and be developed into the largest trading port in the DPRK
- to develop into the largest industrial area in the west of North Korea and to have a focus on heavy industry
Farming
As the city is located on the Taedong River, the surrounding area is well suited to agriculture. Land reclamation occurs along the river and is used for rice growing.[11] Before liberation, the economy was mainly agricultural at 97%, but was in a very backwards condition. This was made worse by the Japanese plundering the rice grown locally. After the foundation of North Korea, the conditions rapidly improved and it was transformed into a modern rural economy and fishery industry.[12]
47.8% of the agricultural land are paddy fields, 40% are fields, 8.7% are orchards and 2.7% are Mulberry fields. The majority of fields sown are for grains, while around 20% is for vegetables. Various livestock are grown on cooperative farms, but also in private farms. The fishery industry in Nampo is one of the most important on the west coast.[12]
Health
The main hospital in Nampo is the Nampho City People's Hospital, which underwent major reconstruction in 2020. The new hospital is reported to greatly enhance the quality of medical services provided by the hospital. It has a telemedicine link to hospitals in Pyongyang to further improve the medical care provided.[13]
Other treatment facilities in the city include the Nampho City Koryo Medicine Hospital,[14] Nampho City Maternity Hospital and the Waudo District People's Hospital.[15][16]
Industrie
Prior to liberation, the industry was fully committed to military needs to supply the Japanese imperialist ambition and was an important port for munitions transport.[17] For convenience, the Japanese-built industries were clustered around what are now the districts of Waudo-guyok and Hunggu-guyok. Since then, Nampo has developed a strong economy with some industries in these areas being demolished and rebuilt in the corridor from Nampo to Pyongyang, such as in Chollima-guyok, Kangso-guyok or Taean-guyok.[12][4]
The Nampo Smelting Complex is a key production complex and produces various copper products.[12] It also smelts zinc and lead, although the zinc smelter was allegedly dismantled in 2001 due to pollution concerns.[18] Four other important industries of the city are the Chollima Steel Complex, Taean Friendship Glass Factory, Kumsong Tractor Factory and Taean Heavy Machine Complex. Although the city also has a range of light industry, the major companies are all invested in various forms of heavy industry.[4]
The position of the city has attracted foreign investment,[19] an example being Pyeonghwa Motors, which was a joint venture between the Unification Church and the North Korean government,[Note 3] where about 340 workers built cars from knock-down kits, mainly various Chinese cars and Fiats.[4]
Defence
Nampo has an extensive shipbuilding capability, which along with cargo ships, also builds various warships.[20] A submersible submarine-launched ballistic missile launch platform is based out of Nampo. The platform was first observed in 2017 and was likely operational in 2019,[21] although in 2020 the platform was captured out of the water, possibly for repairs, as at the same time, the first platform in the Sinpho South Shipyard also underwent repairs.[22]
A number of Hainan (Taechong) class patrol vessels, Osa (Soju)-class missile boats, Nongo class fast attack crafts, Komar-class missile boats, Nampo-class corvettes and a Najin-class frigate are based in Nampo.[23][24]
Alleged uranium enrichment facility
In 2018, a report in The Diplomat claimed to have uncovered a Uranium enrichment facility in Chollima-guyok. A large building is said to contain the centrifuges for isotope separation and is surrounded by a wall, which according to the report, is a sign of a high security facility. The lack of snow on the roof of the building suggest that heat is being produced the entire year, and thus suggested that it is likely to be a uranium enrichment site.[25]
However, these features are common in North Korea, and buildings with security fencing, on-site housing and monuments to the Kim family and are not proof of a uranium enrichment facility. The Korean People's Army brigades that were assigned to the nuclear program are fixed, unlike the shock troops deployed for hydroelectric power station or apartment construction and if they were moved to Nampo, there should be evident signs in satellite imagery, of which there were none. Similarly, the security at the facility is comparably low, being accessed on an open road off the Youth Hero Motorway and with few facilities for security personal onsite. In comparison, the nearby Chamjin Missile Factory (Tae-sung Machine Plant) has noticeably higher security; an actual enrichment facility at the Nyongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center has multiple gates and inspection posts and is in a significantly less exposed position.[26]
Administrative divisions
Nampo is divided into 5 guyŏk and 2 gun, which are in turn subdivided into dong and ri:
|
Demographics
According to the 2008 North Korea Census, a population of 366,815 lived in the city,[Note 4] of which 310,864 lived in urban areas and 55,951 lived in rural areas.[28]
Environment
Climate
Climate data for Nampo (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.5 (31.1) |
2.6 (36.7) |
8.9 (48.0) |
16.5 (61.7) |
22.5 (72.5) |
26.4 (79.5) |
28.5 (83.3) |
29.1 (84.4) |
25.5 (77.9) |
18.9 (66.0) |
9.9 (49.8) |
1.8 (35.2) |
15.8 (60.4) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −4.4 (24.1) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
3.9 (39.0) |
10.8 (51.4) |
16.7 (62.1) |
21.2 (70.2) |
24.3 (75.7) |
24.8 (76.6) |
20.4 (68.7) |
13.7 (56.7) |
5.7 (42.3) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
11.1 (52.0) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −7.9 (17.8) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
0.0 (32.0) |
6.4 (43.5) |
12.4 (54.3) |
17.7 (63.9) |
21.4 (70.5) |
21.7 (71.1) |
16.6 (61.9) |
9.5 (49.1) |
2.0 (35.6) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
7.5 (45.5) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 9.2 (0.36) |
12.9 (0.51) |
17.3 (0.68) |
36.8 (1.45) |
67.0 (2.64) |
82.0 (3.23) |
202.2 (7.96) |
166.2 (6.54) |
72.4 (2.85) |
38.5 (1.52) |
38.8 (1.53) |
19.6 (0.77) |
762.9 (30.04) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 4.2 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 5.0 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 10.8 | 8.2 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 6.8 | 6.0 | 72.5 |
Average snowy days | 5.2 | 3.2 | 1.6 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.1 | 5.6 | 17.8 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 72.1 | 70.0 | 69.2 | 66.6 | 71.1 | 78.4 | 85.8 | 84.6 | 77.2 | 72.4 | 73.6 | 72.5 | 74.5 |
Source: Korea Meteorological Administration[29] |
Geography
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/1354_-_Nordkorea_2015_-_von_Nampo_nach_K%C3%A4song_%2822566905827%29.jpg/220px-1354_-_Nordkorea_2015_-_von_Nampo_nach_K%C3%A4song_%2822566905827%29.jpg)
Nampo is located on the west coast of Korea, and is mostly low-lying with 82% of the city below 50 metres elevation. There are mountains mostly in the south and east, which are generally below 100 metres above sea level, forming a wavy plain. The highest points in the city are on the Osok mountain range, with Osok-san at 566 m and Guksabong at 506 m. The many rivers and streams flowing through the city provide good conditions for agriculture. Underneath the city, there are iron, manganese, titanium along with other precious metals, including gold and silver.[11][4]
Natural environment
Around 5,000 birds visit the Kumsong tideland and 76,000 waterbirds visit the lake created by the West Sea Barrage, which includes a number of endangered and vulnerable birds.[30]
Transport
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Hero_Youth_Highway_in_DPRK.jpg/220px-Hero_Youth_Highway_in_DPRK.jpg)
Road
The Youth Hero Motorway, completed in October 2000 connects Nampo to Pyongyang. The motorway was built mainly by younger people, and hence the road was renamed in commemoration of their efforts from Pyongyang-Nampo Motorway to the Youth Hero Motorway.[31]
Public transport
Nampo has a trolleybus system which opened around 1982.[32] The system has a main line, running from Nampo Stadium to the northeast of the city and a branch from the main line to the west of the city, near the salt pans. The branch could be only served from the direction of the stadium, and was in poor condition with the overhead line no longer stretched with it not being used at least since 2011. In 2015, the service was reported intermittently operated if at all, and only on weekdays.[33] Operation was returned to normal from 24 August 2021, when the city authorities declared a push to improve transport, which included normalising the trolleybus service. As part of this push, around 20 derelict buses were repaired and brought back into service.[34]
In November 2015, a solar panel electric bus developed by the science and technological committee of Nampo was tested in the city. It is powered by 32 100-watt solar panels charging 50 Taedonggang Batteries and powering a 95 kW DC motor to carry up to 140 passengers at 40 km/h and is part of the effort to alleviate the energy shortages in North Korea.[35][36]
Tarkhov, Sergei and Dmitriy Merzlov. "North Korean Surprises - Part 3". (Trolleybus Magazine No. 246, November–December 2002).
Air
The only airport in Nampo is the military Onch'ŏn Air Base in Onch'ŏn-gun.[37]
Rail
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Chinampo-Pyongyang_Railway.jpg/220px-Chinampo-Pyongyang_Railway.jpg)
The first rail line in Korea was built connecting Pyongyang and Chinnampo in 1895 by the Japanese military. It was an 88 km line with cars that were man-powered and running on 21-inch tracks but was dismantled not long after it began operation.[38]
The greater Nampo area is densely served by the Korean State Railway, with a number of stations on the P'yŏngnam Line, the entirety of the Ryonggang, Sŏhaekammun, Posan, Nampohang and Taean lines, and one station on the Ŭllyul Line being located inside the boundaries of Namp'o-t'ŭkpyŏlsi. Branches off the Pyongnam line at Nampo station specifically serve the Nampo Smelting Complex and Nampo Electrode Factory.[39]
Water
River
With the city sitting on the Taedong River, river transport is a significant form of transport. Passenger ships run from Nampo Port to Sohae-ri, Songrim, Unchon County and Pyongyang. Cruise ships run between Waudo and the West Sea Barrage, and between Waudo and Mangyongdae.[39]
Sea
The West Sea Barrage of the port of Nampo, built by erecting an 8-km long sea wall, has three lock chambers which allow the passage of ships up to 50,000 tons, and 36 sluices. Nampo Harbour is often used as the primary port of call for receiving foreign food aid assistance into North Korea. The port of Nampo has modern harbour facilities that can accommodate ships of 20,000 tonnes but is frozen during the winter.[40] Nampo serves as Pyongyang's port on the Yellow Sea.[41] Contrary to most ports, containers that are offloaded at the port are not transported; instead, the contents are removed and transported by cargo trucks, while the containers remain at the port, waiting for goods to be shipped out.[42]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Dock_No._2._Nampo%2C_North_Korea.jpg/220px-Dock_No._2._Nampo%2C_North_Korea.jpg)
In 2008, the harbour received several batches of grain delivery; the first batch delivered in June was sent by the United States and weighed 38,000 tons. A South Korean-based relief organisation, Join Together Society, donated one batch of flour in October of the same year weighing approximately 500 tons.[43]
Vehicle transport ships carry trucks between Nampo port and South Hwanghae Province through the West Sea Barrage, which saves time and fuel from driving a longer distance to the province.[44]
During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a noticeable decrease in traffic at the Nampo Coal Port, with just a few or no ships visible.[45] Two tanks for petroleum or oil were finally built in 2020 after the bases were completed in 2016, while the other bases for the tanks remains unused. A separate oil terminal also started construction in 2020, including a new offshore wharf.[46] Walls were built with shipping containers which marked a path to the warehouses and divided the port into cargo storage areas, although the purpose is not known but possibly related to COVID-19.[47] The port mainly handles trade of concrete and coal.[18]
Culture
Bildung
Institutes of higher learning in Nampo include
- Nampo University
- Sŏhae University
- Samgwang College
- Sunhwa College
- Nampho College of Medical Sciences[14]
- Nampho University of Agriculture[48]
- Nampo College of Shipping Industry
- Nampo Building Materials College
- Nampo University of Fisheries
- Kangson College of Engineering[49]
- Nampho University of Education[50]
Historical relics
Parts of the World Cultural Heritage listed Koguryo tombs are located in Ryonggang County, dating to the 5th century which provides much information on the study of the social, architectural, painting and castles of the Koguryo dynasty. Although most of the murals have faded away, a portrait and a map are still present on the south walls.[51]
An early Koryo Dynasty era granite Buddhist image was unearthed by the Kim Il Sung University and Academy of Social Sciences and registered to the list of national treasures in 2019.[52] Various other artefacts were also unearthed along with it, such as iron arrowheads, metallic currency and pottery.[53] It appears to depict Bhaisajyaguru[Note 5] as it is holding a gallipot with both hands.[54]
The Hwangnyong Fortress was built during Koguryo and repaired in year 919 under the Koryo Dynasty. The original purpose was to defend Pyongyang from invaders in the southwest. The peaks in the north, east, south and west of the fort are used as observation posts during peacetime and can be used as command posts during wartime.[55]
There are three historical tombs in Nampo, all dating to the Goguryeo dynasty.[56][57][58]
Notable people from Nampo
- No Kwang-chol, North Korean general and politician (Workers' Party of Korea)
- Kim Kil-hak, composer, with title of People's Artist.[59]
Sister cities
Saint Petersburg, Russland[60]
Chiautempan, Mexiko[61]
Loja, Ecuador[62]
Lisbon, Portugal
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Note
Further reading
- Dormels, Rainer. North Korea's Cities: Industrial facilities, internal structures and typification. Jimoondang, 2014. ISBN 978-89-6297-167-5
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Korea Tourist Map (English, Korean, Japanese, Chinese)
- North Korea Uncovered Archived 2012-01-14 at the Wayback Machine, North Korea Google Earth: labels most of Nampo's infrastructure locations including hotels, nearby UNESCO sites, railroads, West Sea Barge, electricity grid, and shipping facilities.
- Nampo City (North Korea) on YouTube
- North Korea – Passing through Nampo (DPRK) on YouTube