Typhoon Roy: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Pacific typhoon in 1988}} |
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox weather event |
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| name = Typhoon Roy (Asiang) |
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| image = Roy Jan 12 1988 0600Z.png |
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| Type=typhoon |
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| Image location=Roy1988011206GMS3VS.jpg |
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}}{{Infobox weather event/JMA |
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| pressure = 940 |
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}}{{Infobox weather event/JTWC |
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| winds = 115 |
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| pressure = |
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| Pressure=940 |
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| Damages=28.5 |
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}}{{Infobox weather event/Effects |
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| Inflated=1 |
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| fatalities = 2 total |
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| damage = 28500000 |
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}}{{Infobox weather event/Footer |
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'''Typhoon Roy''' |
'''Typhoon Roy''', known in the Philippines as '''Typhoon Asiang''',<ref name="PAGASA">{{cite web|author=Michael V. Padua|publisher=Typhoon 2000|date=June 11, 2008|access-date=August 20, 2010|title=PAGASA Tropical Cyclone Names 1963–1988|url=http://www.typhoon2000.ph/stormstats/1963-1988_PTC.txt}}</ref> was the second-most intense January [[tropical cyclone]] on record in the [[Pacific typhoon|Western Pacific basin]]. Forming out of an area of disturbed weather on January 7, 1988, Roy quickly intensified as it moved through the [[Marshall Islands]]. By January 9, the storm intensified into a typhoon and attained its peak intensity the following day. At its peak, sustained winds reached {{convert|215|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}.<ref group="nb">The JMA uses ten-minute [[maximum sustained wind|sustained winds]], while the JTWC uses one-minute sustained winds; the conversion factor between the two is 1.14x.</ref> Slight weakening took place before the storm moved through the [[Mariana Islands]]. Continuing westward, the system eventually struck the [[Philippines]] as a minimal typhoon before dissipating over the [[South China Sea]] on January 19. |
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Throughout its track, Typhoon Roy was responsible for two fatalities and $28.5 million (1988 |
Throughout its track, Typhoon Roy was responsible for two fatalities and $28.5 million (1988 USD) in losses, mainly in the Mariana Islands. Light to moderate structural damage took place across the Marshall Islands as the system moved through the region as a tropical storm. On January 12, the typhoon caused widespread damage to [[Guam]] and [[Rota (island)|Rota]] as it brushed the two islands, destroying at least 200 homes. |
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==Meteorological history== |
==Meteorological history== |
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{{storm path|Roy 1988 track.png}} |
{{storm path|Roy 1988 track.png}} |
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Typhoon Roy originated from an area of disturbed weather in early January 1988 in the central Pacific. Above average [[sea surface temperatures]] in the area allowed for gradual development as [[Atmospheric convection|convection]] increased. By January |
Typhoon Roy originated from an area of disturbed weather in early January 1988 in the central Pacific. Above average [[sea surface temperatures]] in the area allowed for gradual development as [[Atmospheric convection|convection]] increased. By January 6, the JTWC began monitoring the disturbance for the possibility of it developing into a [[tropical cyclone]]; a mirror system was present in the Southern Hemisphere at the same time. The system south of the [[equator]] eventually developed into Tropical [[Cyclone Anne]].<ref name="TCR">{{cite report|author1=Reese, Kenneth W|author2=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|author3=Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center|access-date=April 21, 2013|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1988atcr.pdf|pages=28–34|title=Chapter III – Summary of Western North Pacific Ocean and North Indian Ocean Tropical Cyclones: Typhoon Roy (01W)|type=1988 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report|publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force}}</ref> By January 7, the [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] (JMA) classified the system as a tropical depression;<ref name="JMA">{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|date=October 21, 1992|access-date=April 21, 2013|title=JMA Best Tracks 1980-1990: Typhoon Roy|url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/Besttracks/bst8089.txt|format=[[Text file|TXT]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205202709/http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/Besttracks/bst8089.txt|archive-date=December 5, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> shortly thereafter, the JTWC issued a [[Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert]] for the depression. Early on January 8, the JTWC issued their first advisory on Tropical Depression 01W, at which time the system was located near the [[Marshall Islands]].<ref name="TCR"/> |
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Tracking nearly due west, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Roy six hours after the first advisory based on satellite data.<ref name="TCR"/> By this time, the JMA had already classified Roy as a tropical storm.<ref name="JMA"/> Continued deepening took place as the storm moved through the Marshall Islands; [[weather radar]] data from [[Kwajalein Atoll]] indicated the formation of an [[Eye (cyclone)|eye]] several hours after Roy was named; this was later supported by satellite information on January |
Tracking nearly due west, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Roy six hours after the first advisory based on satellite data.<ref name="TCR"/> By this time, the JMA had already classified Roy as a tropical storm.<ref name="JMA"/> Continued deepening took place as the storm moved through the Marshall Islands; [[weather radar]] data from [[Kwajalein Atoll]] indicated the formation of an [[Eye (cyclone)|eye]] several hours after Roy was named; this was later supported by satellite information on January 9, at which time the storm was upgraded to a typhoon. Embedded within a moderate east-southeasterly flow along the south side of a [[Subtropical cyclone|subtropical]] [[Ridge (meteorology)|ridge]], the typhoon accelerated, obtaining a forward speed of {{convert|40|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.<ref name="TCR"/> |
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During the afternoon of January |
During the afternoon of January 10, Roy reached its peak intensity as a low-range [[Category 4 hurricane|Category 4-equivalent]] typhoon on the [[Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale]], attaining peak winds of {{convert|215|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}.<ref name="TCR"/> At the same time, the JMA estimated that the storm attained peak winds of {{convert|155|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}} along with a [[barometric pressure]] of 940 [[mbar]] (hPa; {{convert|940|mbar|inHg|abbr=on|lk=on|sigfig=4|disp=out}}).<ref name="JMA"/> Upon reaching this strength, the storm was situated roughly {{convert|945|km|mi|abbr=on}} east-southeast of [[Guam]]. Over the following few days, Roy gradually slowed and weakened as it neared the [[Mariana Islands]]. The storm made its closest approach to the islands early on January 12, passing within {{convert|14|km|mi|abbr=on}} south of [[Rota (island)|Rota]]. As the storm passed through the region, a new ridge built east of the typhoon, causing Roy to temporarily track southwestward before resuming a westward movement.<ref name="TCR"/> |
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Moving along the southern edge of the ridge, Roy accelerated again as it headed towards the [[Philippines]].<ref name="TCR"/> On January |
Moving along the southern edge of the ridge, Roy accelerated again as it headed towards the [[Philippines]].<ref name="TCR"/> On January 14, the storm crossed [[135th meridian east|135°E]], prompting the [[Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration]] to issue advisories on Roy, assigning it with the local name ''Asiang''.<ref name="PAGASA"/> As it neared the country, [[wind shear]] began to increase, resulting in further weakening. On January 16, Roy made [[landfall]] in the [[Bicol Region]] as a minimal typhoon before weakening to shear and increased friction with the mountains of the Philippines. Later that day, the system weakened to a tropical storm before entering the [[South China Sea]]. The JTWC downgraded Roy to a tropical depression during the afternoon of January 17 and ceased issuing advisories early the next day.<ref name="TCR"/> However, the JMA continued to monitor Roy as a tropical storm until the morning of January 18 and declared the system dissipated early on January 19, at which time the depression was situated roughly {{convert|700|km|mi|abbr=on}} east-northeast of [[Ho Chi Minh City]], [[Vietnam]].<ref name="JMA"/> |
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==Preparations and impact== |
==Preparations and impact== |
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On January |
On January 8, Roy passed near the [[Majuro]] island chain in the [[Marshall Islands]] as a minimal tropical storm. Sustained winds of {{convert|65|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}} and gusts up to {{convert|85|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}} affected the area, resulting in minor structural damage. Later that day, the intensifying storm passed close to [[Kwajalein Atoll]], bringing strong winds and large [[Swell (ocean)|swells]]. Moderate structural damage took place on Kwajalein Island where winds gusted up to {{convert|105|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. Just to the north, more severe damage was recorded on [[Ebeye Island]] where low-lying areas were inundated by waves between {{convert|6.1|and|6.7|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name="TCR"/> Approximately one third of the homes on Ebeye were destroyed by the storm.<ref>{{cite news|work=Courier Mail|date=January 11, 1988|title=Storm Blasts Islands}}</ref> One person was killed and damage was estimated at $5 million (1988 USD).<ref name="TCR"/> An estimated 3,500 people were left homeless as a result of Roy in the Marshall Islands.<ref>{{cite news|author=Staff Writer|work=The Palm Beach Post|date=January 11, 1988|access-date=August 20, 2010|title=Typhoon Roy nears Guam|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ZPklAAAAIBAJ&sjid=zvMFAAAAIBAJ&dq=typhoon%20roy&pg=3255%2C2766008|page=2A}}</ref> |
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Ahead of Roy's arrival in the [[Mariana Islands]] and [[Guam]], the public was given sufficient warning by the local disaster preparedness team.<ref name="TCR"/> An estimated 1,200 people evacuated to shelters across Guam and all flights to and from the island were canceled for January |
Ahead of Roy's arrival in the [[Mariana Islands]] and [[Guam]], the public was given sufficient warning by the local disaster preparedness team.<ref name="TCR"/> An estimated 1,200 people evacuated to shelters across Guam and all flights to and from the island were canceled for January 12.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|work=The Lewiston Journal|date=January 12, 1988|access-date=August 20, 2010|title=Typhoon whips Western Pacific|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0YkgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RGYFAAAAIBAJ&dq=typhoon%20roy%20rota&pg=2210%2C1121260|page=3B}}</ref> |
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On January |
On January 12, Typhoon Roy passed through the Mariana Islands and Guam, causing moderate structural damage and extensive crop losses. On Guam alone, agricultural losses reached $23.5 million (1988 USD; ${{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US|23500000|1988}}}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} USD). Most structural damage was limited to broken windows on the island. Located within {{convert|15|km|mi|abbr=on}} of Roy's eye during its passage of the Mariana Islands, [[Rota (island)|Rota]] received the worst damage from the cyclone. Winds on the island gusted up to {{convert|193|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, wreaking havoc to structures and vegetation.<ref name="TCR"/> At least 200 of the 450 of homes on Rota were destroyed and the remainder were damaged;<ref name="MN1">{{cite news|author=Staff Writer|work=San Jose Mercury News|date=January 13, 1988|access-date=August 20, 2010|title=Guam Declared a Disaster Area|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SJ&s_site=mercurynews&p_multi=SJ&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB72CEAF6A0E208&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|page=10A}}</ref> 95% of the power poles fell across the island, resulting in severe disruption to daily life.<ref name="TCR"/> Roughly 80% of the concrete homes had their windows blown out.<ref name="HJ1">{{cite news|author=Wire Reports|work=Herald-Journal|date=January 13, 1988|access-date=August 20, 2010|title=Typhoon hits Guam, causes widespread damage|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=oqceAAAAIBAJ&sjid=U84EAAAAIBAJ&dq=typhoon%20roy%20rota&pg=6707%2C3893840|page=A2}}</ref> Four people were injured after the roof of one building was blown into another where people had sought shelter.<ref name="TCR"/> One person died after suffering a [[Myocardial infarction|heart attack]] induced by the storm.<ref name="BRN1">{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|work=Boca Raton News|date=January 13, 1988|access-date=August 20, 2010|title=Typhoon Roy Slams Guam|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=A9kPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vY0DAAAAIBAJ&dq=typhoon%20roy%20rota&pg=5875%2C3581937|page=6A}}</ref> In the wake of the storm, the [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] declared a [[state of emergency]] for Guam.<ref name="MN1"/><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Federal Emergency Management Agency|date=January 20, 1988|access-date=August 20, 2010|title=Guam: Typhoon Roy|url=http://www.fema.gov/news/event.fema?id=2011}}</ref> |
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The last area affected by Typhoon Roy was the [[Philippines]], which was struck by the storm on January |
The last area affected by Typhoon Roy was the [[Philippines]], which was struck by the storm on January 16.<ref name="TCR"/> Prior to the storm's arrival, typhoon warnings were raised for 29 provinces in the country, including the capital city of [[Manila]].<ref>{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|work=Reading Eagle|date=January 15, 1988|access-date=August 20, 2010|title=Typhoon headed towards Philippines|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QD4yAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ceUFAAAAIBAJ&dq=typhoon%20roy%20philippines&pg=6158%2C2372300|page=22A}}</ref> In the [[Bicol Region]], winds likely reached typhoon intensity; however, no known damage took place in the area. Continuing westward, the Roy brought gale-force winds to parts of southern [[Luzon]] before moving into the South China Sea.<ref name="TCR"/><ref>{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|work=The Spokesman-Review|date=January 18, 1988|title=Typhoon is weaker in South China Sea}}</ref> Low-lying areas in the storm's path were flooded by heavy rains and strong winds downed power lines in [[Sorsogon]].<ref name="TT1">{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|work=The Telegraph|date=January 17, 1988|access-date=August 20, 2010|title=Typhoon Roy weakens as it hits land|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=C-slAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZfwFAAAAIBAJ&dq=typhoon%20roy%20philippines&pg=3619%2C4372280|page=B4}}</ref> |
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==Records and retirement== |
==Records and retirement== |
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Since the JMA kept reliable records in 1951, Roy became the ninth known typhoon to develop during the month of January as well as the second most intense during the month, attaining a minimum pressure of 940 |
Since the JMA kept reliable records in 1951, Roy became the ninth known typhoon to develop during the month of January as well as the second most intense during the month, attaining a minimum pressure of 940 mbar (hPa; {{convert|940|mbar|inHg|abbr=on|sigfig=4|disp=out}}). It also attained the second-highest sustained winds during January, estimated at {{convert|150|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}.<ref name="JMARec">{{in lang|ja}} {{cite web|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|date={{CURRENTYEAR}}|access-date=August 20, 2010|title=台風リスト|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/search_name2.pl?&sort=minp&order=asc&stype=number&month=1&mtype=se&gid=f1b28c3a3ba1ffb391fae40d7dcb7968&basin=wnp}}</ref> According to the JTWC, Roy was the third-most intense typhoon during the month, attaining peak winds of {{convert|215|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}} and an estimated pressure of 927 mbar (hPa; {{convert|927|mbar|inHg|abbr=on|sigfig=4|disp=out}}).<ref name="JTWCBT">{{cite web|author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command|date={{CURRENTYEAR}}|access-date=August 20, 2010|title=JTWC Best Tracks|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/wpindex.html}}</ref> In addition to intensity records, Typhoon Roy also was an unusually long-lived storm, spanning 12 days from formation to dissipation. This ranks it as the second-longest lived storm during January, just 12 hours short of [[Typhoon Alice (1979)|Typhoon Alice in 1979]].<ref>{{in lang|ja}} {{cite web|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|date={{CURRENTYEAR}}|access-date=August 20, 2010|title=台風リスト|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/search_name2.pl?&sort=lifetime&order=dec&stype=number&mtype=se&lowp=1008&upp=870&sy=1906&sy=1906&gid=f956a732998a96ac0815c9753c07855b&basin=wnp}}</ref> |
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Due to the severity of damage wrought by Typhoon Roy, the name was [[Tropical cyclone naming#Retirement|retired]] following its usage and replaced with ''Ryan''.<ref>{{cite web|author=Michael V. Padua|publisher=Typhoon 2000|date=June 11, 2008| |
Due to the severity of damage wrought by Typhoon Roy, the name was [[Tropical cyclone naming#Retirement|retired]] following its usage and replaced with ''Ryan''.<ref>{{cite web|author=Michael V. Padua|publisher=Typhoon 2000|date=June 11, 2008|access-date=August 20, 2010|title=1945–1997 JTWC names for the Western Pacific Ocean and South China Sea|url=http://www.typhoon2000.ph/stormstats/1945-1997names.txt}}</ref> Since little damage took place in the Philippines, the name ''Asiang'' was not retired and was later used for another cyclone.<ref name="PAGASA"/> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}} |
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}} |
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*[[List of storms named Roy|Other storms named Roy]] |
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*[[1988 Pacific typhoon season]] |
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*[[List of storms named Asiang|Other storms named Asiang]] |
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*[[Tropical Storm Mekkhala (2015)]] |
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*[[List of notable tropical cyclones]] |
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*[[Typhoon Hagupit (2014)]] |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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{{reflist|group=nb}} |
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<div class="references-small"> |
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<references group=nb/> |
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</div> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1988atcr |
*[http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1988atcr.pdf The Joint Typhoon Warning Center's Report on Typhoon Roy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130221110137/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1988atcr.pdf |date=February 21, 2013 }} |
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{{Retired Pacific typhoon names}} |
{{Retired Pacific typhoon names}} |
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[[Category:Typhoons in Guam]] |
[[Category:Typhoons in Guam]] |
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[[Category:1988 Pacific typhoon season]] |
[[Category:1988 Pacific typhoon season]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:1988 disasters in the Philippines]] |
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[[Category:Tropical cyclones in 1988]] |
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Revision as of 12:55, 15 July 2024
 Roy near peak intensity on January 12 | |
| Meteorological history | |
|---|---|
| Formed | January 7, 1988 |
| Dissipated | January 19, 1988 |
| Very strong typhoon | |
| 10-minute sustained (JMA) | |
| Highest winds | 155 km/h (100 mph) |
| Lowest pressure | 940 hPa (mbar); 27.76 inHg |
| Category 4-equivalent typhoon | |
| 1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC) | |
| Highest winds | 215 km/h (130 mph) |
| Overall effects | |
| Fatalities | 2 total |
| Damage | $28.5 million (1988 USD) |
| Areas affected | Marshall Islands, Mariana Islands, the Philippines |
| IBTrACS | |
Part of the 1988 Pacific typhoon season | |
Typhoon Roy, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Asiang,[1] was the second-most intense January tropical cyclone on record in the Western Pacific basin. Forming out of an area of disturbed weather on January 7, 1988, Roy quickly intensified as it moved through the Marshall Islands. By January 9, the storm intensified into a typhoon and attained its peak intensity the following day. At its peak, sustained winds reached 215 km/h (135 mph).[nb 1] Slight weakening took place before the storm moved through the Mariana Islands. Continuing westward, the system eventually struck the Philippines as a minimal typhoon before dissipating over the South China Sea on January 19.
Throughout its track, Typhoon Roy was responsible for two fatalities and $28.5 million (1988 USD) in losses, mainly in the Mariana Islands. Light to moderate structural damage took place across the Marshall Islands as the system moved through the region as a tropical storm. On January 12, the typhoon caused widespread damage to Guam and Rota as it brushed the two islands, destroying at least 200 homes.
Meteorological history
Map key
Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
Unknown
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
Unknown
Storm type
Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depressionTyphoon Roy originated from an area of disturbed weather in early January 1988 in the central Pacific. Above average sea surface temperatures in the area allowed for gradual development as convection increased. By January 6, the JTWC began monitoring the disturbance for the possibility of it developing into a tropical cyclone; a mirror system was present in the Southern Hemisphere at the same time. The system south of the equator eventually developed into Tropical Cyclone Anne.[2] By January 7, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified the system as a tropical depression;[3] shortly thereafter, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert for the depression. Early on January 8, the JTWC issued their first advisory on Tropical Depression 01W, at which time the system was located near the Marshall Islands.[2]
Tracking nearly due west, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Roy six hours after the first advisory based on satellite data.[2] By this time, the JMA had already classified Roy as a tropical storm.[3] Continued deepening took place as the storm moved through the Marshall Islands; weather radar data from Kwajalein Atoll indicated the formation of an eye several hours after Roy was named; this was later supported by satellite information on January 9, at which time the storm was upgraded to a typhoon. Embedded within a moderate east-southeasterly flow along the south side of a subtropical ridge, the typhoon accelerated, obtaining a forward speed of 40 km/h (25 mph).[2]
During the afternoon of January 10, Roy reached its peak intensity as a low-range Category 4-equivalent typhoon on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale, attaining peak winds of 215 km/h (135 mph).[2] At the same time, the JMA estimated that the storm attained peak winds of 155 km/h (95 mph) along with a barometric pressure of 940 mbar (hPa; 27.76 inHg).[3] Upon reaching this strength, the storm was situated roughly 945 km (587 mi) east-southeast of Guam. Over the following few days, Roy gradually slowed and weakened as it neared the Mariana Islands. The storm made its closest approach to the islands early on January 12, passing within 14 km (8.7 mi) south of Rota. As the storm passed through the region, a new ridge built east of the typhoon, causing Roy to temporarily track southwestward before resuming a westward movement.[2]
Moving along the southern edge of the ridge, Roy accelerated again as it headed towards the Philippines.[2] On January 14, the storm crossed 135°E, prompting the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration to issue advisories on Roy, assigning it with the local name Asiang.[1] As it neared the country, wind shear began to increase, resulting in further weakening. On January 16, Roy made landfall in the Bicol Region as a minimal typhoon before weakening to shear and increased friction with the mountains of the Philippines. Later that day, the system weakened to a tropical storm before entering the South China Sea. The JTWC downgraded Roy to a tropical depression during the afternoon of January 17 and ceased issuing advisories early the next day.[2] However, the JMA continued to monitor Roy as a tropical storm until the morning of January 18 and declared the system dissipated early on January 19, at which time the depression was situated roughly 700 km (430 mi) east-northeast of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.[3]
Preparations and impact
On January 8, Roy passed near the Majuro island chain in the Marshall Islands as a minimal tropical storm. Sustained winds of 65 km/h (40 mph) and gusts up to 85 km/h (55 mph) affected the area, resulting in minor structural damage. Later that day, the intensifying storm passed close to Kwajalein Atoll, bringing strong winds and large swells. Moderate structural damage took place on Kwajalein Island where winds gusted up to 105 km/h (65 mph). Just to the north, more severe damage was recorded on Ebeye Island where low-lying areas were inundated by waves between 6.1 and 6.7 m (20 and 22 ft).[2] Approximately one third of the homes on Ebeye were destroyed by the storm.[4] One person was killed and damage was estimated at $5 million (1988 USD).[2] An estimated 3,500 people were left homeless as a result of Roy in the Marshall Islands.[5]
Ahead of Roy's arrival in the Mariana Islands and Guam, the public was given sufficient warning by the local disaster preparedness team.[2] An estimated 1,200 people evacuated to shelters across Guam and all flights to and from the island were canceled for January 12.[6]
On January 12, Typhoon Roy passed through the Mariana Islands and Guam, causing moderate structural damage and extensive crop losses. On Guam alone, agricultural losses reached $23.5 million (1988 USD; $60.5 million 2024 USD). Most structural damage was limited to broken windows on the island. Located within 15 km (9.3 mi) of Roy's eye during its passage of the Mariana Islands, Rota received the worst damage from the cyclone. Winds on the island gusted up to 193 km/h (120 mph), wreaking havoc to structures and vegetation.[2] At least 200 of the 450 of homes on Rota were destroyed and the remainder were damaged;[7] 95% of the power poles fell across the island, resulting in severe disruption to daily life.[2] Roughly 80% of the concrete homes had their windows blown out.[8] Four people were injured after the roof of one building was blown into another where people had sought shelter.[2] One person died after suffering a heart attack induced by the storm.[9] In the wake of the storm, the Federal Emergency Management Agency declared a state of emergency for Guam.[7][10]
The last area affected by Typhoon Roy was the Philippines, which was struck by the storm on January 16.[2] Prior to the storm's arrival, typhoon warnings were raised for 29 provinces in the country, including the capital city of Manila.[11] In the Bicol Region, winds likely reached typhoon intensity; however, no known damage took place in the area. Continuing westward, the Roy brought gale-force winds to parts of southern Luzon before moving into the South China Sea.[2][12] Low-lying areas in the storm's path were flooded by heavy rains and strong winds downed power lines in Sorsogon.[13]
Records and retirement
Since the JMA kept reliable records in 1951, Roy became the ninth known typhoon to develop during the month of January as well as the second most intense during the month, attaining a minimum pressure of 940 mbar (hPa; 27.76 inHg). It also attained the second-highest sustained winds during January, estimated at 150 km/h (95 mph).[14] According to the JTWC, Roy was the third-most intense typhoon during the month, attaining peak winds of 215 km/h (135 mph) and an estimated pressure of 927 mbar (hPa; 27.37 inHg).[15] In addition to intensity records, Typhoon Roy also was an unusually long-lived storm, spanning 12 days from formation to dissipation. This ranks it as the second-longest lived storm during January, just 12 hours short of Typhoon Alice in 1979.[16]
Due to the severity of damage wrought by Typhoon Roy, the name was retired following its usage and replaced with Ryan.[17] Since little damage took place in the Philippines, the name Asiang was not retired and was later used for another cyclone.[1]
See also
- Other storms named Roy
- Other storms named Asiang
- Tropical Storm Mekkhala (2015)
- Typhoon Hagupit (2014)
Notes
- ^ The JMA uses ten-minute sustained winds, while the JTWC uses one-minute sustained winds; the conversion factor between the two is 1.14x.
References
- ^ a b c Michael V. Padua (June 11, 2008). "PAGASA Tropical Cyclone Names 1963–1988". Typhoon 2000. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Reese, Kenneth W; Joint Typhoon Warning Center; Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center. Chapter III – Summary of Western North Pacific Ocean and North Indian Ocean Tropical Cyclones: Typhoon Roy (01W) (PDF) (1988 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report). United States Navy, United States Air Force. pp. 28–34. Retrieved April 21, 2013.
- ^ a b c d "JMA Best Tracks 1980-1990: Typhoon Roy". Japan Meteorological Agency. October 21, 1992. Archived from the original (TXT) on December 5, 2014. Retrieved April 21, 2013.
- ^ "Storm Blasts Islands". Courier Mail. January 11, 1988.
- ^ Staff Writer (January 11, 1988). "Typhoon Roy nears Guam". The Palm Beach Post. p. 2A. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
- ^ "Typhoon whips Western Pacific". The Lewiston Journal. Associated Press. January 12, 1988. p. 3B. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
- ^ a b Staff Writer (January 13, 1988). "Guam Declared a Disaster Area". San Jose Mercury News. p. 10A. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
- ^ Wire Reports (January 13, 1988). "Typhoon hits Guam, causes widespread damage". Herald-Journal. p. A2. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
- ^ "Typhoon Roy Slams Guam". Boca Raton News. Associated Press. January 13, 1988. p. 6A. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
- ^ "Guam: Typhoon Roy". Federal Emergency Management Agency. January 20, 1988. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
- ^ "Typhoon headed towards Philippines". Reading Eagle. Associated Press. January 15, 1988. p. 22A. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
- ^ "Typhoon is weaker in South China Sea". The Spokesman-Review. Associated Press. January 18, 1988.
- ^ "Typhoon Roy weakens as it hits land". The Telegraph. Associated Press. January 17, 1988. p. B4. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
- ^ (in Japanese) "台風リスト". National Institute of Informatics. 2024. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
- ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (2024). "JTWC Best Tracks". Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
- ^ (in Japanese) "台風リスト". National Institute of Informatics. 2024. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
- ^ Michael V. Padua (June 11, 2008). "1945–1997 JTWC names for the Western Pacific Ocean and South China Sea". Typhoon 2000. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
External links
- The Joint Typhoon Warning Center's Report on Typhoon Roy Archived February 21, 2013, at the Wayback Machine