* [[International Association of the Congo]] (1879–1885)
* [[International Association of the Congo]] (1879–1885)
* [[File:Flag of Congo Free State.svg|20px|border]] [[Congo Free State]] (1885–1908)
* [[File:Flag of Congo Free State.svg|20px|border]] [[Congo Free State]] (1885–1908)
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* [[File:Flag of Stellaland (1883-5).svg|20x20px]] [[United States of Stellaland]] (1883–1885)
* [[File:Flag of Stellaland (1883-5).svg|20x20px]] [[United States of Stellaland]] (1883–1885)
* [[File:Flag of Germany (1867–1919).svg|20x20px]] [[Upingtonia|Republic of Upingtonia]] (1885–1887)
* [[File:Flag of Germany (1867–1919).svg|20x20px]] [[Upingtonia|Republic of Upingtonia]] (1885–1887)
* [[File:Flag of South Africa (1928-1982).svg|20x20px]] [[Union of South Africa]] (1910-1961)
* [[File:Flag of South Africa (1928-1982).svg|20x20px]] [[Union of South Africa]] (1910–1961)
* [[File:Flag of Bophuthatswana (1972–1994).svg|20x20px]] [[Bophuthatswana]] (1977–1994)
* [[File:Flag of Bophuthatswana (1972–1994).svg|20x20px]] [[Bophuthatswana]] (1977–1994)
* [[File:Flag of Ciskei.svg|20x20px]] [[Ciskei]] (1981–1994)
* [[File:Flag of Ciskei.svg|20x20px]] [[Ciskei]] (1981–1994)
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====East Asia====
====East Asia====
* [[File:Flag of Bogd Khaanate Mongolia.svg|20px|border]] [[Bogd Khanate of Mongolia]] (1911–1924)
* [[File:Flag of Bogd Khaanate Mongolia.svg|20px|border]] [[Bogd Khanate of Mongolia]] (1911–1924)
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg|23px|border]] [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] (based on [[mainland China]] 1912–1949; [[Republic of China retreat to Taiwan|continued existence]] on Taiwan since 1949
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg|23px|border]] [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] (based on [[mainland China]] 1912–1949; [[Republic of China retreat to Taiwan|continued existence]] on Taiwan since 1949)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Fujian People's Government.svg}} [[People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China]] (1933–1934)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Fujian People's Government.svg}} [[People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China]] (1933–1934)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of ReformedGovernment of the Republic of China.svg}} [[Reformed Government of the Republic of China]] (1937–1940)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of China (1912–1928).svg}} [[Reformed Government of the Republic of China]] (1937–1940)
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of China-Nanjing (Peace, Anti-Communism, National Construction).svg|20x20px]] [[Wang Jingwei regime|Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China (Wang Jingwei Regime)]] (1940–1945)
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of China-Nanjing (Peace, Anti-Communism, National Construction).svg|20x20px]] [[Wang Jingwei regime|Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China (Wang Jingwei Regime)]] (1940–1945)
* [[File:Flag of China (1912–1928).svg|20x20px]] [[Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937–1940)|Provisional Government of the Republic of China]] (1937–1940)
* [[File:Flag of China (1912–1928).svg|20x20px]] [[Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937–1940)|Provisional Government of the Republic of China]] (1937–1940)
* [[File:Flag of China (1912–1928).svg|20x20px]] [[East Hebei Autonomous Government]] (1935–1938)
* [[File:Flag of China (1912–1928).svg|20x20px]] [[East Hebei Autonomous Government]] (1935–1938)
* [[File:Flag of Formosa 1895.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Formosa]] (1895)
* [[File:Flag of Formosa 1895.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Formosa]] (1895)
* [[File:Dahanqi.jpg|20px|border]] [[Great Han Sichuan Military Government]]<sup>[[:zh:大漢四川軍政府|[zh]]]</sup> (1911–1912)
* [[File:大漢旗.svg|20px|border]] [[Great Han Sichuan Military Government]]<sup>[[:zh:大漢四川軍政府|[zh]]]</sup> (1911–1912)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Chinese Communist Party (Pre-1996).svg}} [[Guangzhou Uprising|Guangzhou Commune]] (1927)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Chinese Communist Party (Pre-1996).svg}} [[Guangzhou Uprising|Guangzhou Commune]] (1927)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Chinese Communist Party (Pre-1996).svg}} [[Autumn Harvest Uprising|Hunan Soviet]] (1927)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Chinese Communist Party (Pre-1996).svg}} [[Autumn Harvest Uprising|Hunan Soviet]] (1927)
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* {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Islamic Emirate of Badakhshan]] (1996)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Islamic Emirate of Badakhshan]] (1996)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Islamic Emirate of Kunar]] (1991)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Islamic Emirate of Kunar]] (1991)
===== Balochistan =====
===== Balochistan =====
* {{Flagicon image|FlagofKalat.svg}} [[Khanate of Kalat]] (1666–1736, 1747–1749, 1758–1955)
* {{Flagicon image|FlagofKalat.svg}} [[Khanate of Kalat]] (1666–1736, 1747–1749, 1758–1955)
*
*
* [[File:Flag of Herat until 1842.svg|20x20px]] [[Durrani Empire]] (1749–1758)
* [[File:Flag of Herat until 1842.svg|20x20px]] [[Durrani Empire]] (1749–1758)
=====Anatolia=====
=====Anatolia=====
* [[File:Candar.svg|20px|border]] [[Candar dynasty|Beylik of Candar]] (1292–1461)
* [[File:Candar.svg|20px|border]] [[Candar dynasty|Beylik of Candar]] (1292–1461)
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=====Cyprus=====
=====Cyprus=====
* [[File:RoyalbannerofJanusofCyprus.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Cyprus]] (1192–1489)
* [[File:Stemma reale di Giano di Cipro.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Cyprus]] (1192–1489)
* {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Turkish Federated State of Cyprus]] (1975–1983)
* {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Turkish Federated State of Cyprus]] (1975–1983)
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* [[File:Flag of Hejaz 1917.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Hejaz]] (1916–1925)
* [[File:Flag of Hejaz 1917.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Hejaz]] (1916–1925)
* [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd]] (1926–1932)
* [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd]] (1926–1932)
* [[File:Flag of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen.svg|20px|border]] [[Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen]] (1918–1962)
* [[File:Flag of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen.svg|20px|border]] [[Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen]] (1918–1970)
*[[File:Flag of South Yemen.svg|20px|border]] [[South Yemen|People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen]] (1967–1990)
*[[File:Flag of North Yemen.svg|20px|border]] [[Yemen Arab Republic]] (1962–1990)
* [[File:Flag of the Sultanate of Fadhli.svg|20x20px]] [[Fadhli Sultanate]] (15th century–1888)
* [[File:Flag of the Sultanate of Fadhli.svg|20x20px]] [[Fadhli Sultanate]] (15th century–1888)
* [[File:Flag of Quaiti Hadramaut.svg|20x20px]] [[Qu'aiti|Qu'aiti Sultanate in Hadhramaut]] (1858–1888)
* [[File:Flag of Quaiti Hadramaut.svg|20x20px]] [[Qu'aiti|Qu'aiti Sultanate in Hadhramaut]] (1858–1888)
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* [[Pratapgarh Kingdom]] (1489–1700s)
* [[Pratapgarh Kingdom]] (1489–1700s)
* [[File:Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg|20px]] [[Bengal Subah]] (1717–1757){{NoteTag|The [[Nawabs of Bengal]] ruled the [[Bengal Subah]] – a province of the [[Mughal Empire]] which pretty much became independent from 1717.}}
* [[File:Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg|20px]] [[Bengal Subah]] (1717–1757){{NoteTag|The [[Nawabs of Bengal]] ruled the [[Bengal Subah]] – a province of the [[Mughal Empire]] which pretty much became independent from 1717.}}
* [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|20px]] [[Maratha Empire]] (1674–1820)
* [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|20px]] [[Maratha Confederacy]] (1674–1820)
{{For|the hundreds of feudal states of various size (mainly [[Kleinstaaterei]]) and nature that were part of the non-centralised [[Holy Roman Empire]] (mainly in Germany, Austria, Benelux countries and various neighbouring regions)|List of states in the Holy Roman Empire}}
{{For|the hundreds of feudal states of various size (mainly [[Kleinstaaterei]]) and nature that were part of the non-centralised [[Holy Roman Empire]] (mainly in Germany, Austria, Benelux countries and various neighbouring regions)|List of states in the Holy Roman Empire}}
* [[Free State of Bottleneck]] (1919–1923)
* [[File:Flag of the Free State of Bottleneck.svg|20px|border]] [[Free State of Bottleneck]] (1919–1923)
====Austria====
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Austria.svg}} [[Archduchy of Austria]] (1453–1804, 1867–1918)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Tirol and Upper Austria.svg}} [[County of Tyrol]] (1140–1919)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Styria.svg}} [[Duchy of Styria]] (1180–1918)
* [[Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg]] (1328–1803)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Austria.svg}} [[Republic of German-Austria]] (1918–1919)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg}} [[Austrian Empire]] (1804–1867)
==== Switzerland ====
==== Switzerland ====
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====Poland====
====Poland====
* [[File:Grunwald Słupsk i Szczecin.svg|25x25px|border]] [[Duchy of Pomerania]] (1121–1160, 1264–1295, 1478–1531, 1625–1637)
* [[File:Grunwald Słupsk i Szczecin.svg|25x25px|border]] [[Duchy of Pomerania]] (1121–1160, 1264–1295, 1478–1531, 1625–1637)
** [[:pl:Władcy Pomorza Zachodniego#Pierwszy podział księstwa (1160-1264)|Szczecin Principality]] (1160–1264, 1295–1523)
* [[File:Terra Bernstein - Pommern-Wolgast COA.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Pomerania-Wolgast|Duchy of Pomerania-Wolgast]] (1295–1478)
* [[File:Terra Bernstein - Pommern-Wolgast COA.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Pomerania-Wolgast|Duchy of Pomerania-Wolgast]] (1295–1478)
* [[File:Chorągiew księcia mazowieckiego Siemowita.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Duchy of Masovia]] (1138–1275, 1294–1310, 1370–1381, 1495–1526)
* [[File:Chorągiew księcia mazowieckiego Siemowita.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Duchy of Masovia]] (1138–1275, 1294–1310, 1370–1381, 1495–1526)
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* [[Pomerania-Neustettin|Duchy of Pomerania-Neustettin]] (1368–1390)
* [[Pomerania-Neustettin|Duchy of Pomerania-Neustettin]] (1368–1390)
* [[File:POL województwo krakowskie IRP COA.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Duchy of Kraków]] (1227–1320)
* [[File:POL województwo krakowskie IRP COA.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Duchy of Kraków]] (1227–1320)
* [[File:Alex K Halych.svg|25x25px|border]] [[Principality of Halych]] (1110–1339)
* [[File:Alex K Halych-Volhynia-flag.svg|25x25px|border]] [[Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia]] (1199–1349)
* [[File:Alex K Halych-Volhynia-flag.svg|25x25px|border]] [[Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia]] (1199–1349)
* [[File:POL województwo śląskie COA.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Duchy of Bytom]] (1281–1498)
* [[File:POL województwo śląskie COA.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Duchy of Bytom]] (1281–1498)
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* [[File:Flag of Poland (November Uprising).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Polish National Government (November Uprising)|Polish National Government]] (1830–1831)
* [[File:Flag of Poland (November Uprising).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Polish National Government (November Uprising)|Polish National Government]] (1830–1831)
* [[File:Coat of arms of the Kraków Uprising.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Kraków uprising|Polish National Government]] (1846)
* [[File:Coat of arms of the Kraków Uprising.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Kraków uprising|Polish National Government]] (1846)
* [[File:Flag of the Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian Commonwealth (January Uprising).svg|25x25px|border]] [[Polish National Government (January Uprising)|Polish National Government]] (1863–1864)
* [[File:Flag of the Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian Commonwealth (January Uprising).svg|25x25px|border]] [[Polish National Government (January Uprising)|Polish National Government]] (1863–1864)
* [[File:Flag of Poland (1919–1927).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918)|Kingdom of Poland]] (1917–1918)
* [[File:Flag of Poland (1919–1927).svg|border|25x25px]] [[Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918)|Kingdom of Poland]] (1917–1918)
* [[File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg|20px|border]] [[Varat Eyalet]] (1660–1692)
* [[File:Flag_of_Transylvania_before_1918.svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867)|Grand Principality of Transylvania]] (1711–1867)
* [[File:Flag_of_Transylvania_before_1918.svg|20px|border]] [[Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867)|Grand Principality of Transylvania]] (1711–1867)
* [[File:Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg|20px|border]] [[Banat of Temeswar]] (1718–1778)
* [[File:Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg|20px|border]] [[Banat of Temeswar]] (1718–1778)
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* [[File:Seal of Ivan 4 1539 a.svg|20px|border]] [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]] (1283–1547)
* [[File:Seal of Ivan 4 1539 a.svg|20px|border]] [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]] (1283–1547)
*{{Flagicon|Ingria}}[[North Ingria]](1919–1920)[[File:POL COA Gryf.svg|left|frameless|27x27px]][[Jaxa (state)|Jaxa]] (1665–1674)
*{{Flagicon|Ingria}}[[North Ingria]](1919–1920)[[File:POL COA Gryf.svg|left|frameless|27x27px]][[Jaxa (state)|Jaxa]] (1665–1674)
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Tsardom of Russia]] (1547–1721)
* [[File:Flag of Oryol ship (variant).svg|20px|border]] [[Tsardom of Russia]] (1547–1721)
* {{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan]] (1918–1920)
* {{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan]] (1918–1920)
* [[File:Flag of the Transcaucasian Federation.svg|23px|border]] [[Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic]] (February 1918 – May 1918)
* [[File:Flag of the Transcaucasian Federation.svg|23px|border]] [[Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic]] (February 1918–May 1918)
====Iberian Peninsula====
====Iberian Peninsula====
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* [[File:Royal Banner of the Kingdom of Castile (Variant).svg|20px]] [[Kingdom of Castile]] (1065–1230/1715)
* [[File:Royal Banner of the Kingdom of Castile (Variant).svg|20px]] [[Kingdom of Castile]] (1065–1230/1715)
* [[Iberian Union]] (1580–1640)
* [[Iberian Union]] (1580–1640)
* [[File:Estelada_blava.svg|20px]] [[Catalan declaration of independence|Catalonia]] (2017)
===North America===
===North America===
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==== Anguilla ====
==== Anguilla ====
* [[File:Flag of Anguilla (1967-1969).svg|20x20px]] [[Republic of Anguilla]] (1967–1969)
* [[File:Flag of Anguilla (1967-1969).svg|20x20px]] [[Republic of Anguilla]] (1967–1969)
==== Bahamas ====
* [[File:Flag_of_the_Flying_Gang.svg|20x20px]] [[Republic of Pirates]] (1706–1718)
==== Canada ====
==== Canada ====
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* [[File:Flag of Mexico (1823-1864, 1867-1893).svg|20x20px]] [[Provisional Government of Mexico]] (1823–1824)
* [[File:Flag of Mexico (1823-1864, 1867-1893).svg|20x20px]] [[Provisional Government of Mexico]] (1823–1824)
* [[File:Bandera de la Primera República Federal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos.svg|20x20px]] [[First Mexican Republic]] (1824–1835)
* [[File:Bandera de la Primera República Federal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos.svg|20x20px]] [[First Mexican Republic]] (1824–1835)
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of the Rio Grande.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Republic of the Rio Grande]] (1840)
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of the Rio Grande (historical).svg|border|20x20px]] [[Republic of the Rio Grande]] (1840)
* [[File:Bandera de la República Central Mexicana.svg|20x20px]] [[Centralist Republic of Mexico]] (1835–1846)
* [[File:Bandera de la República Central Mexicana.svg|20x20px]] [[Centralist Republic of Mexico]] (1835–1846)
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of Yucatan.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Republic of Yucatán]] (1841–1848)
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of Yucatan.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Republic of Yucatán]] (1841–1848)
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* [[File:Easter Island flag 1876 to 1888.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Rapa Nui]] ([[Easter Island]]) (till 1888)
* [[File:Easter Island flag 1876 to 1888.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Rapa Nui]] ([[Easter Island]]) (till 1888)
* Kingdom of [[Nauru]] (till 1888)
* Kingdom of [[Nauru]] (till 1888)
* {{flagicon image|Kingdom of Abemama Flag.svg}} [[Kingdom of Abemama]] (1884–1892)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Provisional Government of Vanuatu (1977-1978).svg}} [[Vanua'aku Pati|People's Provisional Government of Vanuatu]] (1977–1978)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Provisional Government of Vanuatu (1977-1978).svg}} [[Vanua'aku Pati|People's Provisional Government of Vanuatu]] (1977–1978)
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==== Colombia ====
==== Colombia ====
* [[Muisca Confederation]] (1450–1537)
* [[File:Bandera de la confederacion muisca.png|20x20px]] [[Muisca Confederation]] (1450–1537)
* [[File:Flag of Cundinamarca.svg|20x20px]] [[Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca]] (1810–1815)
* [[File:Flag of Cundinamarca.svg|20x20px]] [[Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca]] (1810–1815)
* [[File:Flag of Valle del Cauca.svg|20x20px]] [[Confederate Cities of Valle del Cauca]] (1811–1815)
* [[File:Flag of Valle del Cauca.svg|20x20px]] [[Confederate Cities of Valle del Cauca]] (1811–1815)
* [[File:Flag of New Granada (1811-1814).svg|20x20px]] [[United Provinces of New Granada]] (1811–1816)
* [[File:Flag of New Granada (1811-1814).svg|20x20px]] [[United Provinces of New Granada]] (1811–1816)
* [[File:Flag of the Gran Colombia.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Gran Colombia]] (1819–1831)
* [[File:Flag of the Gran Colombia.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Gran Colombia]] (1819–1831)
* [[File:Flag of New Granada.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Republic of New Granada]](1831–1858)
==== Ecuador ====
==== Ecuador ====
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* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia (1993–1995).svg}} [[Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia|Western Bosnia]] – Declared independence from [[Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia and Herzegovina]] in 1993 and reincorporated into it in 1995.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia (1993–1995).svg}} [[Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia|Western Bosnia]] – Declared independence from [[Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia and Herzegovina]] in 1993 and reincorporated into it in 1995.
* {{flag|Novorossiya}} – Established in 2015 as a result of the merger of the [[Donetsk People's Republic]] with the [[Luhansk People's Republic]] and at the beginning of 2015 the confederation project was suspended.
* {{flag|Novorossiya}} – Established in 2015 as a result of the merger of the [[Donetsk People's Republic]] with the [[Luhansk People's Republic]] and at the beginning of 2015 the confederation project was suspended.
** {{flag|Donetsk People's Republic}} – Declared independence on April 7, 2014. As a result of a staged [[2022_annexation_referendums_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine|referendum]] of September 30, 2022, it was incorporated as a [[Russian_Republics|republic]] into the [[Russia|Russian Federation]]. The incorporation is not recognised.
** {{flag|Donetsk People's Republic}} – Declared independence on April 7, 2014. As a result of a staged [[2022 annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine|referendum]] of September 30, 2022, it was incorporated as a [[Russian Republics|republic]] into the [[Russia|Russian Federation]]. The incorporation is not recognised.
** {{flag|Luhansk People's Republic}} – Declared independence on April 27, 2014. As a result of a staged referendum of September 30, 2022, it was [[Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts|incorporated]] as a [[Russian_Republics|republic]] into the [[Russia|Russian Federation]]. The incorporation is not recognised.
** {{flag|Luhansk People's Republic}} – Declared independence on April 27, 2014. As a result of a staged referendum of September 30, 2022, it was [[Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts|incorporated]] as a [[Russian Republics|republic]] into the [[Russia|Russian Federation]]. The incorporation is not recognised.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Artsakh.svg}} [[Republic of Artsakh]] – Declared independence from [[Azerbaijan]] in 1991, reincorporated into the country in 2024.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Artsakh.svg}} [[Republic of Artsakh]] – Declared independence from [[Azerbaijan]] in 1991, reincorporated into the country in 2024.
Revision as of 07:42, 19 July 2024
A historical sovereign state is a state that once existed, but has since been dissolved due to conflict, war, rebellion, annexation, or uprising. This page lists sovereign states, countries, nations, or empires that ceased to exist as political entities sometime after 1453, grouped geographically and by constitutional nature.[note 1]
Criteria for inclusion
The criteria for inclusion in this list are similar to that of the list of states with limited recognition. To be included here, a polity must have claimed statehood and either:
had de facto control over a territory, a population, a government, a capacity to enter into relations with other states, or
have been recognised as a state by at least one other state.
This is not a list for all variant governments of a state, nor is it a list of variations of countries' official long form name.
For purposes of this list, the cutoff between medieval and early modern states is the fall of Constantinople in 1453.
This article appears to contradict the article List of pre-modern states. Please discuss at the talk page and do not remove this message until the contradictions are resolved.(June 2013)
Empire of Brazil – An empire created after Brazil declared its independence in 1822 and dissolved in 1889, now the countries of Brasilien and Uruguay (who declared their independence in 1825, and was recognized in 1828).
Korea – Ceased to exist in 1910, its former territory now consists of the entirety of territory controlled by North Korea and Südkorea, and a portion of territory claimed by Japan.
Bophuthatswana – Declared independent in 1977, reincorporated in 1994.
Ciskei – Declared independent in 1981, reincorporated in 1994.
Transkei – Declared independent in 1976, reincorporated in 1994.
Venda – Declared independent in 1979, reincorporated in 1994.
Secessionist states
These nations declared themselves independent, but failed to achieve it in fact or did not seek permanent independence and were either re-incorporated into the mother country or incorporated into another country.
Chechnya – Virtually independent from Russia from 1996 as Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, however the country was recognized only by the Taliban. After terrorist attacks in 1999 the republic was returned to Russia's control in the Second Chechen War.
Confederate States – Occupied the southeastern Vereinigte Staaten, stretching from Texas to Virginia. Declared secession from the U.S. in 1861, reintegrated into the U.S. in 1865. Reconstruction ended in 1876 and U.S. troops withdrew as an occupation force in 1877. South Carolina was the first state to declare its secession from the United States, doing so on December 20, 1860. Political factions in the "border states" of Kentucky and Missouri declared themselves parts of the Confederacy and controlled small portions of those regions early in the war. The major Indian tribes in Oklahoma signed an alliance with the Confederacy, and participated in its military efforts against the U.S.
Manitoba – short-lived republic led by Thomas Spence, declared after the Hudson's Bay Company gave up Rupert's Land and before the government of Canada took control (1867).