Jump to content

List of former sovereign states: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Sacesss (talk | contribs)
223 edits
→‎Modern Germany: Added Bottleneck flag
(16 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown)
Line 148: Line 148:
* [[Mankessim Kingdom]] (1252–1844)
* [[Mankessim Kingdom]] (1252–1844)
* [[Fante Confederacy]] (16th century–1873)
* [[Fante Confederacy]] (16th century–1873)
* [[Kingdom of Whydah]] ({{circa|1580}} – 1727)
* [[Kingdom of Whydah]] ({{circa|1580}}–1727)
* [[File:Flag of Ghezo of Dahomey.svg|20px|border]] [[Dahomey|Kingdom of Dahomey]] ({{circa|1600}}–1904)
* [[File:Flag of Ghezo of Dahomey.svg|20px|border]] [[Dahomey|Kingdom of Dahomey]] ({{circa|1600}}–1904)
* [[Oyo Empire]] ({{circa|1300}}–1896)
* [[Oyo Empire]] ({{circa|1300}}–1896)
Line 197: Line 197:
* [[Mbunda Kingdom]] (1700–1914)
* [[Mbunda Kingdom]] (1700–1914)
* [[Chokwe people#History|Chokwe Kingdom]]{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}
* [[Chokwe people#History|Chokwe Kingdom]]{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}
* [[Kazembe#Pre-colonial history|Kazembe Kingdom]] (c. 1740 – 1894)
* [[Kazembe#Pre-colonial history|Kazembe Kingdom]] (c. 1740–1894)
* [[International Association of the Congo]] (1879–1885)
* [[International Association of the Congo]] (1879–1885)
* [[File:Flag of Congo Free State.svg|20px|border]] [[Congo Free State]] (1885–1908)
* [[File:Flag of Congo Free State.svg|20px|border]] [[Congo Free State]] (1885–1908)
Line 224: Line 224:
* [[File:Flag of Stellaland (1883-5).svg|20x20px]] [[United States of Stellaland]] (1883–1885)
* [[File:Flag of Stellaland (1883-5).svg|20x20px]] [[United States of Stellaland]] (1883–1885)
* [[File:Flag of Germany (1867–1919).svg|20x20px]] [[Upingtonia|Republic of Upingtonia]] (1885–1887)
* [[File:Flag of Germany (1867–1919).svg|20x20px]] [[Upingtonia|Republic of Upingtonia]] (1885–1887)
* [[File:Flag of South Africa (1928-1982).svg|20x20px]] [[Union of South Africa]] (1910-1961)
* [[File:Flag of South Africa (1928-1982).svg|20x20px]] [[Union of South Africa]] (1910–1961)
* [[File:Flag of Bophuthatswana (1972–1994).svg|20x20px]] [[Bophuthatswana]] (1977–1994)
* [[File:Flag of Bophuthatswana (1972–1994).svg|20x20px]] [[Bophuthatswana]] (1977–1994)
* [[File:Flag of Ciskei.svg|20x20px]] [[Ciskei]] (1981–1994)
* [[File:Flag of Ciskei.svg|20x20px]] [[Ciskei]] (1981–1994)
Line 255: Line 255:
====East Asia====
====East Asia====
* [[File:Flag of Bogd Khaanate Mongolia.svg|20px|border]] [[Bogd Khanate of Mongolia]] (1911–1924)
* [[File:Flag of Bogd Khaanate Mongolia.svg|20px|border]] [[Bogd Khanate of Mongolia]] (1911–1924)
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg|23px|border]] [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] (based on [[mainland China]] 1912–1949; [[Republic of China retreat to Taiwan|continued existence]] on Taiwan since 1949
* [[File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg|23px|border]] [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] (based on [[mainland China]] 1912–1949; [[Republic of China retreat to Taiwan|continued existence]] on Taiwan since 1949)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Fujian People's Government.svg}} [[People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China]] (1933–1934)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Fujian People's Government.svg}} [[People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China]] (1933–1934)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of China (1912–1928).svg}} [[Reformed Government of the Republic of China]] (1937–1940)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of China (1912–1928).svg}} [[Reformed Government of the Republic of China]] (1937–1940)
Line 377: Line 377:
* [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd]] (1926–1932)
* [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd.svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd]] (1926–1932)
* [[File:Flag of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen.svg|20px|border]] [[Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen]] (1918–1970)
* [[File:Flag of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen.svg|20px|border]] [[Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen]] (1918–1970)
*[[File:Flag of South Yemen.svg|20px|border]] [[South Yemen|People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen]] (1967-1990)
*[[File:Flag of South Yemen.svg|20px|border]] [[South Yemen|People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen]] (1967–1990)
*[[File:Flag of North Yemen.svg|20px|border]] [[Yemen Arab Republic]] (1962-1990)
*[[File:Flag of North Yemen.svg|20px|border]] [[Yemen Arab Republic]] (1962–1990)
* [[File:Flag of the Sultanate of Fadhli.svg|20x20px]] [[Fadhli Sultanate]] (15th century–1888)
* [[File:Flag of the Sultanate of Fadhli.svg|20x20px]] [[Fadhli Sultanate]] (15th century–1888)
* [[File:Flag of Quaiti Hadramaut.svg|20x20px]] [[Qu'aiti|Qu'aiti Sultanate in Hadhramaut]] (1858–1888)
* [[File:Flag of Quaiti Hadramaut.svg|20x20px]] [[Qu'aiti|Qu'aiti Sultanate in Hadhramaut]] (1858–1888)
Line 548: Line 548:
** [[File:Ancient Flag of Burgundy.svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Burgundy]] (918–1482)
** [[File:Ancient Flag of Burgundy.svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Burgundy]] (918–1482)
* [[File:Flag of France.svg|20px|border]] French Empire (1804-1814/15) (1852–1870)
* [[File:Flag of France.svg|20px|border]] French Empire (1804-1814/15) (1852–1870)
** [[File:Flag of France.svg|20px|border]] [[First French Empire]] (1804-1814/15)
** [[File:Flag of France.svg|20px|border]] [[First French Empire]] (1804–1814/15)
** [[File:Flag of France.svg|20px|border]] [[Second French Empire]] (1852–1870)
** [[File:Flag of France.svg|20px|border]] [[Second French Empire]] (1852–1870)
* [[File:Vexillum Willelmi Ducis.svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Normandy]] (911–1259/1469)
* [[File:Vexillum Willelmi Ducis.svg|20px|border]] [[Duchy of Normandy]] (911–1259/1469)
Line 617: Line 617:
* [[File:Flagge Königreich Württemberg.svg|20px|border]] [[Württemberg]] (kingdom) – 1806–1871)
* [[File:Flagge Königreich Württemberg.svg|20px|border]] [[Württemberg]] (kingdom) – 1806–1871)
{{For|the hundreds of feudal states of various size (mainly [[Kleinstaaterei]]) and nature that were part of the non-centralised [[Holy Roman Empire]] (mainly in Germany, Austria, Benelux countries and various neighbouring regions)|List of states in the Holy Roman Empire}}
{{For|the hundreds of feudal states of various size (mainly [[Kleinstaaterei]]) and nature that were part of the non-centralised [[Holy Roman Empire]] (mainly in Germany, Austria, Benelux countries and various neighbouring regions)|List of states in the Holy Roman Empire}}
* [[Free State of Bottleneck]] (1919–1923)
* [[File:Flag of the Free State of Bottleneck.svg|20px|border]] [[Free State of Bottleneck]] (1919–1923)



====Austria====
====Austria====
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Austria.svg}} [[Archduchy of Austria]] (1453–1804,
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Austria.svg}} [[Archduchy of Austria]] (1453–1804, 1867–1918)
1867–1918)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Tirol and Upper Austria.svg}} [[County of Tyrol]] (1140–1919)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Tirol and Upper Austria.svg}} [[County of Tyrol]] (1140–1919)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Styria.svg}} [[Duchy of Styria]] (1180–1918)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Styria.svg}} [[Duchy of Styria]] (1180–1918)
Line 804: Line 804:
* {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Carpatho-Ukraine]] (1939)
* {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Carpatho-Ukraine]] (1939)
* {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukrainian national government (1941)|Ukrainian National Government]] (1941)
* {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukrainian national government (1941)|Ukrainian National Government]] (1941)
* [[File:Flag_of_Donetsk_People's_Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Donetsk People's Republic]] (2014-2022)
* [[File:Flag_of_Donetsk_People's_Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Donetsk People's Republic]] (2014–2022)
* [[File:Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People's_Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Luhansk People's Republic]] (2014-2022)
* [[File:Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People's_Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Luhansk People's Republic]] (2014–2022)


====Crimea====
====Crimea====
Line 846: Line 846:
* [[Jupanat of Sacea]] (11th century)
* [[Jupanat of Sacea]] (11th century)
* [[Jupanat of Setslav]] (c. 1085)
* [[Jupanat of Setslav]] (c. 1085)
* [[File:Flag_of_Transylvania_(1350).svg|20px|border]] [[Voivodship of Transylvania]] (12th century-1541)
* [[File:Flag_of_Transylvania_(1350).svg|20px|border]] [[Voivodship of Transylvania]] (12th century–1541)
* [[Banat of Severin]] (1228–1526)
* [[Banat of Severin]] (1228–1526)
* [[Voivodship of Seneslav]] (13th century)
* [[Voivodship of Seneslav]] (13th century)
Line 1,072: Line 1,072:
* [[File:Flag of Georgia (1918–1921, 4-5).svg|23px|border]] [[Democratic Republic of Georgia]] (1918–1921)
* [[File:Flag of Georgia (1918–1921, 4-5).svg|23px|border]] [[Democratic Republic of Georgia]] (1918–1921)
* {{flagicon|Armenia}} [[First Republic of Armenia]] (1918–1920)
* {{flagicon|Armenia}} [[First Republic of Armenia]] (1918–1920)
* {{flagdeco|Armenia}} [[Republic of Mountainous Armenia]] (April 1921 – July 1921)
* {{flagdeco|Armenia}} [[Republic of Mountainous Armenia]] (April 1921–July 1921)
* {{flagicon|Artsakh}} [[Republic of Artsakh]] (1991 – 2024)
* {{flagicon|Artsakh}} [[Republic of Artsakh]] (1991–2024)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Aras.svg}} [[Republic of Aras]] (1918–1919)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Aras.svg}} [[Republic of Aras]] (1918–1919)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Centrocaspian Dictatorship.svg}} [[Centrocaspian Dictatorship]] (1918)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Centrocaspian Dictatorship.svg}} [[Centrocaspian Dictatorship]] (1918)
Line 1,079: Line 1,079:
* {{flagicon image|Baku_Commune.png}} [[Baku Commune]] (1918)
* {{flagicon image|Baku_Commune.png}} [[Baku Commune]] (1918)
* {{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan]] (1918–1920)
* {{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan]] (1918–1920)
* [[File:Flag of the Transcaucasian Federation.svg|23px|border]] [[Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic]] (February 1918 – May 1918)
* [[File:Flag of the Transcaucasian Federation.svg|23px|border]] [[Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic]] (February 1918–May 1918)


====Iberian Peninsula====
====Iberian Peninsula====
Line 1,204: Line 1,204:
* [[File:Easter Island flag 1876 to 1888.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Rapa Nui]] ([[Easter Island]]) (till 1888)
* [[File:Easter Island flag 1876 to 1888.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kingdom of Rapa Nui]] ([[Easter Island]]) (till 1888)
* Kingdom of [[Nauru]] (till 1888)
* Kingdom of [[Nauru]] (till 1888)
* {{flagicon image|Kingdom of Abemama Flag.svg}} [[Kingdom of Abemama]] (1884-1892)
* {{flagicon image|Kingdom of Abemama Flag.svg}} [[Kingdom of Abemama]] (1884–1892)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Provisional Government of Vanuatu (1977-1978).svg}} [[Vanua'aku Pati|People's Provisional Government of Vanuatu]] (1977–1978)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Provisional Government of Vanuatu (1977-1978).svg}} [[Vanua'aku Pati|People's Provisional Government of Vanuatu]] (1977–1978)


Line 1,239: Line 1,239:


==== Colombia ====
==== Colombia ====
* [[Muisca Confederation]] (1450–1537)
* [[File:Bandera de la confederacion muisca.png|20x20px]] [[Muisca Confederation]] (1450–1537)
* [[File:Flag of Cundinamarca.svg|20x20px]] [[Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca]] (1810–1815)
* [[File:Flag of Cundinamarca.svg|20x20px]] [[Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca]] (1810–1815)
* [[File:Flag of Valle del Cauca.svg|20x20px]] [[Confederate Cities of Valle del Cauca]] (1811–1815)
* [[File:Flag of Valle del Cauca.svg|20x20px]] [[Confederate Cities of Valle del Cauca]] (1811–1815)

Revision as of 07:42, 19 July 2024

A historical sovereign state is a state that once existed, but has since been dissolved due to conflict, war, rebellion, annexation, or uprising. This page lists sovereign states, countries, nations, or empires that ceased to exist as political entities sometime after 1453, grouped geographically and by constitutional nature.[note 1]

Criteria for inclusion

The criteria for inclusion in this list are similar to that of the list of states with limited recognition. To be included here, a polity must have claimed statehood and either:

  • had de facto control over a territory, a population, a government, a capacity to enter into relations with other states, or
  • have been recognised as a state by at least one other state.

This is not a list for all variant governments of a state, nor is it a list of variations of countries' official long form name. For purposes of this list, the cutoff between medieval and early modern states is the fall of Constantinople in 1453.

Ancient and medieval states

Modern states and territories by geography

Africa

See also: List of kingdoms in Africa throughout history
See also: List of African Great Lakes kingdoms

Morocco (Maghreb al-Aqsa)

Egypt, Sudan and Libya

Algeria (Central Maghreb)

Comoro Islands

Madagaskar

Sub-Saharan Africa

Horn of Africa

Western Africa

African Great Lakes

Eastern Africa

Central Africa

Southern Africa

Asia

Central Asia

East Asia

Japanese Archipelago
Korean Peninsula

West Asia

Afghanistan
Balochistan
Anatolia
Zypern
Mesopotamia
Persia / Iran
Levant
Arabian Peninsula

South Asia

Southeast Asia

Europa

See also: Former countries in Europe after 1815

Nordic countries

In the Nordic countries, unions were personal, not unitary

Modern France

Modern Germany

For the hundreds of feudal states of various size (mainly Kleinstaaterei) and nature that were part of the non-centralised Holy Roman Empire (mainly in Germany, Austria, Benelux countries and various neighbouring regions), see List of states in the Holy Roman Empire.


Österreich

Schweiz

Italien

See also: Historical states of Italy

Modern United Kingdom

Irland

Benelux

Polen

Ukraine

Crimea

Baltic countries and Belarus

Romania and Moldova

Russland

Ungarn

Czechia and Slovakia

Österreich

Balkans

Caucasus

Iberian Peninsula

North America

See also: Category:Former countries in North America

Anguilla

Bahamas

Kanada

Dominikanische Republik

Guatemala

Haiti

Mexiko

Vereinigte Staaten

Oceania

See also: List of predecessors of sovereign states in Oceania

South America

Argentinien

Bolivien

Brasilien

Chile

Kolumbien

Ecuador

Paraguay

Peru

Uruguay

Venezuela

Modern states and territories by type

Dismembered countries

These states are now dissolved into a number of states.

Nominally independent homelands of South Africa

Four of the homelands, or bantustans, for black South Africans, were granted nominal independence by the apartheid regime of South Africa. Not recognised by other nations, these effectively were puppet states and were re-incorporated in 1994.

  • Bophuthatswana – Declared independent in 1977, reincorporated in 1994.
  • Ciskei – Declared independent in 1981, reincorporated in 1994.
  • Transkei – Declared independent in 1976, reincorporated in 1994.
  • Venda – Declared independent in 1979, reincorporated in 1994.

Secessionist states

These nations declared themselves independent, but failed to achieve it in fact or did not seek permanent independence and were either re-incorporated into the mother country or incorporated into another country.

Annexed countries

These nations, once separate, are now part of another country. Cases of voluntary accession are included.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The asserted sovereignty of some states listed here was generally unrecognized; the list of historical unrecognized states and dependencies article may contain further information regarding such states.
  2. ^ The Nawabs of Bengal ruled the Bengal Subah – a province of the Mughal Empire which pretty much became independent from 1717.
  3. ^ Partially recognized state existed after WWII

References

Further reading

  • Berge, Bjørn (2017). Nowherelands: An Atlas of Vanished Countries 1840–1975. New York: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 9780500519905. 240pp.
  • Harding, Les. Dead Countries of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: Aden to Zululand. Scarecrow Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8108-3445-6.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_former_sovereign_states&oldid=1235432693"