Retirement age: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Age at which a person to retire}} |
{{Short description|Age at which a person to retire}} |
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{{multiple issues|{{more citations needed|date= April 2024}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}} |
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{{Full citations needed|date=December 2023}} |
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{{update|date=April 2024}} |
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This article lists the statutory '''retirement age''' in different countries. |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}} |
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This article lists the statutory '''retirement age''' in different countries. In some contexts, the [[retirement]] age is the age at which a person is expected or required to cease work. It is usually the age at which such a person may be entitled to receive [[pension|superannuation]] or other government benefits, like a [[state pension]]. |
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==History and |
==History and establishment== |
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The first recorded use of a state pension was established in the [[Roman Empire]] in 13 BC by [[Augustus]] for [[military veteran]]s who had served for at least 16 years in a [[Roman legion|legion]] and four years in the [[Military reserve force|reserves]]. This was later increased to 20 years in a legion and five years in the reserves.<ref name="auto3">Clark, R. L., Craig, L. A., & Wilson, J. W. (n.d.). A History of Public Sector Pensions in the United States. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4011: University of Pennsylvania Press. Retrieved from https://pensionresearchcouncil.wharton.upenn.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/0-8122-3714-5-3.pdf</ref> In the United States, states historically lack a retirement age even though labor force participation rates began to fall dramatically after the age of 60.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Costa |first1=Dora |title=The Evolution of Retirement |url=https://www.nber.org/system/files/chapters/c6108/c6108.pdf |access-date=21 January 2023 |website=National Bureau of Economic Research |publisher=University of Chicago Press |page=17}}</ref> |
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The first retirement age was set |
The first retirement age was set in Germany by [[Otto Von Bismarck]] in 1881, originally at 70, before being reduced to 65 in 1916.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Social Security Administration |title=Otto von Bismarck |url=https://www.ssa.gov/history/ottob.html |website=Social Security History |access-date=12 September 2022}}</ref> Following this, more countries began to adopt an official retirement age, such as Britain with the passage of the [[Old Age Pensions Act 1908]], which set the initial retirement age at 70 before it being reduced to 65 for men and 60 for women with the passage of the [[National Insurance Act 1946]]. |
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The United States adopted an initial retirement age of 65, under the bill of the [[Social Security Act of 1935]]. By the mid-20th century, almost all countries had adopted a retirement age. |
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==Political considerations== |
==Political considerations== |
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Policymakers usually consider the demography, fiscal cost of aging, health, life expectancy, nature of the profession, supply of labor force, and more, while taking the retirement age into account.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cppr.in/archives/setting-an-ideal-retirement-age/|title=Setting an Ideal Retirement Age!|work=Centre for Public Policy Research (CPPR)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407060852/http://www.cppr.in/archives/setting-an-ideal-retirement-age/|archive-date=7 April 2015|date=30 March 2015}}</ref> The increase in [[life expectancy]] is used in some jurisdictions as an argument to increase the age of retirement in the 21st century.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-40057117 | title='Keep working until you're 70'| work=BBC News| date=26 May 2017| last1=Johnston| first1=Chris}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://money.cnn.com/2012/06/12/news/economy/retirement-age/index.htm |title = Retirement age must rise - OECD}}</ref> |
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==Retirement age by country and region== |
==Retirement age by country and region== |
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{{External media|image1=[https://i.imgur.com/M9GUCXX.jpg Life expectancy vs retirement age for men in European countries on a map]}} |
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{{External media |
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Many of the countries listed in the table below are in the process of reforming retirement ages. The current trend in many countries is that the retirement age will increase gradually. |
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|image1=[https://i.imgur.com/M9GUCXX.jpg Life expectancy vs retirement age for men in European countries on a map]}} |
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Many of the countries listed in the table below are in the process of reforming retirement ages. See the notes in the table for details. The ages show when an individual retires if they retire / have retired in the year given in the table. The trend in some countries is that in future, the retirement age will increase gradually. Where available, explanations are given in the section on notes. |
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Many [[Member state of the European Union|European Union member states]] apply a retirement age of 65 years in the 2020s.<ref name="etk.fi" /> This is to be increased to 67 years in most countries by 2030.<ref name="etk.fi" /> |
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In some countries, one's year of birth determines their age of retirement. For example, in the United States as of 2024, while a person born before 1955 can retire with social security benefits at the age of 66, those born after 1959 must be 67. Each year between 1955 and 1959 adds 2 months.<ref name="site"/> Many countries in Europe follow the same type of criteria, with one's age of retirement determined by their birth year, for example in [[Romania]], women born in 1955 had their retirement age in 2015 set at age 60 whereas those born in 1958 could retire in 2019 at age 61 and those born in 1961 can retire in January 2023 at age 62.<ref name="cjpensiiarad.ro">{{cite web|url=http://www.cjpensiiarad.ro/pensii6.php|title=Casa Judeteana de Pensii Arad|publisher=cjpensiiarad.ro|access-date=23 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805074556/http://www.cjpensiiarad.ro/pensii6.php|archive-date=5 August 2016}}</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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!class="unsortable"|{{Abbr|Ref|References}} |
!class="unsortable"|{{Abbr|Ref|References}} |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| {{flag|Albania}} |
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|65 |
|65 |
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|61 |
|61 |
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|<ref name="vik">{{Cite web |title=Old-age pension |url=https://www.zso.gov.rs/english/starosna-penzija.htm |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=www.zso.gov.rs}}</ref> |
|<ref name="vik">{{Cite web |title=Old-age pension |url=https://www.zso.gov.rs/english/starosna-penzija.htm |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=www.zso.gov.rs}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| {{flag|Argentina}} |
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|65 |
|65 |
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|60 |
|60 |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.anses.gob.ar/prestacion/jubilacion-ordinaria-o-prestacion-por-vejez-171|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420234740/http://www.anses.gob.ar/prestacion/jubilacion-ordinaria-o-prestacion-por-vejez-171|url-status=dead|title=Jubilación ordinaria o prestación por Vejez|archive-date=20 April 2017}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.anses.gob.ar/prestacion/jubilacion-ordinaria-o-prestacion-por-vejez-171|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420234740/http://www.anses.gob.ar/prestacion/jubilacion-ordinaria-o-prestacion-por-vejez-171|url-status=dead|title=Jubilación ordinaria o prestación por Vejez|archive-date=20 April 2017}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| {{flag|Armenia}} |
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|colspan="2"|63 |
|colspan="2"|63 |
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|2011 |
|2011 |
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|<ref name="vik" /> |
|<ref name="vik" /> |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| {{flag|Australia}} |
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|colspan="2"|67 |
|colspan="2"|67 |
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|2023 |
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|2021 |
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|In Australia the retirement age |
|In Australia the retirement age was increased to 67 years in July 2023. |
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|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.humanservices.gov.au/customer/services/centrelink/age-pension|title=Age Pension|work=humanservices.gov.au|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226095547/http://www.humanservices.gov.au/customer/services/centrelink/age-pension|archive-date=26 February 2014}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.humanservices.gov.au/customer/services/centrelink/age-pension|title=Age Pension|work=humanservices.gov.au|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226095547/http://www.humanservices.gov.au/customer/services/centrelink/age-pension|archive-date=26 February 2014}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| {{flag|Austria}} |
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|65 |
|65 |
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|60 |
|60.5–65 |
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|2024 |
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|2015 |
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|In Austria the retirement age for women is to be equalized to the retirement age for men (65) by 2033. |
|In Austria, the retirement age for women is to be equalized to the retirement age for men (65) by 2033. |
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|<ref name="vik" /><ref name="report">''2009 Ageing Report: Economic and budgetary projections for the EU-27 Member States (2008–2060). Joint Report prepared by the European Commission (DG ECFIN) and the Economic Policy Committee (AWG)'', {{cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/publication14992_en.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-12-04 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020001412/http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/publication14992_en.pdf |archive-date=20 October 2011 }}, p. 78.</ref> |
|<ref name="etk.fi">{{cite web|url=https://www.etk.fi/en/work-and-pensions-abroad/international-comparisons/retirement-ages/|title=Retirement Ages |publisher=Finnish Centre for Pensions |access-date=2024-06-08}}</ref><ref name="vik" /><ref name="report">''2009 Ageing Report: Economic and budgetary projections for the EU-27 Member States (2008–2060). Joint Report prepared by the European Commission (DG ECFIN) and the Economic Policy Committee (AWG)'', {{cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/publication14992_en.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-12-04 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020001412/http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/publication14992_en.pdf |archive-date=20 October 2011 }}, p. 78.</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| {{flag|Azerbaijan}} |
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|65 |
|65 |
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|60 |
|60 |
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|<ref name=":0" /> |
|<ref name=":0" /> |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Belarus}} |
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|63 |
|63 |
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|58 |
|58 |
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|<ref name="infos">[http://parl.sejm.gov.pl/WydBAS.nsf/0/D8FD27CD446CB5DDC12573E800318FA1/$file/infos_027.pdf Kłos B., ''Wiek emerytalny kobiet i mężczyzn'', "infos", 7.02.2008] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331010713/http://parl.sejm.gov.pl/WydBAS.nsf/0/D8FD27CD446CB5DDC12573E800318FA1/$file/infos_027.pdf |date=31 March 2010 }}</ref> |
|<ref name="infos">[http://parl.sejm.gov.pl/WydBAS.nsf/0/D8FD27CD446CB5DDC12573E800318FA1/$file/infos_027.pdf Kłos B., ''Wiek emerytalny kobiet i mężczyzn'', "infos", 7.02.2008] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331010713/http://parl.sejm.gov.pl/WydBAS.nsf/0/D8FD27CD446CB5DDC12573E800318FA1/$file/infos_027.pdf |date=31 March 2010 }}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| {{flag|Bangladesh}} |
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|colspan="2"| |
|colspan="2"|63 |
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|2013 |
|2013 |
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| |
| |
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Line 83: | Line 89: | ||
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|- |
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| |
| {{flag|Belgium}} |
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|colspan="2"|60–65 |
|colspan="2"|60–65 |
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|2019 |
|2019 |
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|The legal retirement age (the age at which one can retire, regardless of career length) in Belgium is 65 in 2019. |
|The legal retirement age (the age at which one can retire, regardless of career length) in Belgium is 65 in 2019. In 2025 it will be 66 and in 2030 it will be 67, both for women and men. |
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Early retirement is possible from 60 onwards with a career of at least 44 years, from 61 onwards with at least 43 years, or from 63 onwards with a career of at least 42 years. Some exceptions exist, mainly in the required number of years. |
Early retirement is possible from 60 onwards with a career of at least 44 years, from 61 onwards with at least 43 years, or from 63 onwards with a career of at least 42 years. Some exceptions exist, mainly in the required number of years. |
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|<ref>{{cite web |title=Wanneer kan ik met pensioen gaan? |url=https://www.sfpd.fgov.be/nl/pensioenleeftijd/wanneer |website=Federale Pensioendienst}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2019/04/29/de-wettelijke-en-effectieve-pensioenleeftijd-in-cijfers/|title=67, 68 of toch weer 65? Hoe we bekvechten over een pensioenleeftijd die we nog lang niet halen |date=May 2019 }}</ref> |
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Wanneer kan ik met pensioen gaan? |url=https://www.sfpd.fgov.be/nl/pensioenleeftijd/wanneer |website=Federale Pensioendienst}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2019/04/29/de-wettelijke-en-effectieve-pensioenleeftijd-in-cijfers/|title=67, 68 of toch weer 65? Hoe we bekvechten over een pensioenleeftijd die we nog lang niet halen |date=May 2019 }}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} |
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|colspan="2"|65 |
|colspan="2"|65 |
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|2011 |
|2011 |
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|<ref name="vik" /> |
|<ref name="vik" /> |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| {{flag|Brazil}} |
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|65 |
|65 |
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|62 |
|62 |
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|Certain individuals, such as rural workers, teachers and police officers, have a lower minimum age. |
|Certain individuals, such as rural workers, teachers and police officers, have a lower minimum age. |
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Brazil also requires workers to have contributed to social security for a minimum amount of time before they become eligible to claim benefits. To start receiving partial benefits, all private-sector workers are required have contributed for at least 20 years (for men) or 15 years (for women). Public-sector workers are required to have contributed for at least 25 years. To receive full benefits all workers must have contributed for at least 40 years (for men) or 35 years (for women). |
Brazil also requires workers to have contributed to social security for a minimum amount of time before they become eligible to claim benefits. To start receiving partial benefits, all private-sector workers are required have contributed for at least 20 years (for men) or 15 years (for women). Public-sector workers are required to have contributed for at least 25 years. To receive full benefits all workers must have contributed for at least 40 years (for men) or 35 years (for women). |
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|<ref>{{ |
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/economia/noticia/2019/10/22/reforma-da-previdencia-entenda-ponto-a-ponto-a-proposta-aprovada-em-2o-turno-no-senado.ghtml/|title=Reforma da Previdência: entenda a proposta aprovada, ponto a ponto}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| {{flag|British Virgin Islands}} |
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|colspan="2"|65 |
|colspan="2"|65 |
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|2017 |
|2017 |
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|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.islandsun.com/retirement-age-65-enforced-public-private-sectors/|title=Retirement Age At 65 To Be Enforced In Public & Private Sectors|newspaper=[[Island Sun]]|date=17 April 2017|access-date=30 September 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930181010/http://www.islandsun.com/retirement-age-65-enforced-public-private-sectors/|archive-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.islandsun.com/retirement-age-65-enforced-public-private-sectors/|title=Retirement Age At 65 To Be Enforced In Public & Private Sectors|newspaper=[[Island Sun]]|date=17 April 2017|access-date=30 September 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930181010/http://www.islandsun.com/retirement-age-65-enforced-public-private-sectors/|archive-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| {{flag|Bulgaria}} |
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|64.083 |
|64.083 |
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|61.167 |
|61.167 |
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|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.noi.bg/en/pensions/grantpensions/1854-posv13|title=Пенсии за осигурителен стаж и възраст|website=www.noi.bg|access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131201437/http://www.noi.bg/en/pensions/grantpensions/1854-posv13|archive-date=31 January 2018}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.noi.bg/en/pensions/grantpensions/1854-posv13|title=Пенсии за осигурителен стаж и възраст|website=www.noi.bg|access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131201437/http://www.noi.bg/en/pensions/grantpensions/1854-posv13|archive-date=31 January 2018}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| {{flag|Cameroon}} |
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|colspan="2"|50–60 |
|colspan="2"|50–60 |
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|2019 |
|2019 |
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}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| {{flag|Canada}} |
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|colspan="2"|60 (on reduction), 65 standard retirement<ref name="SC"/> |
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|colspan="2"|60–65 |
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| |
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|{{Further|Pensions in Canada}}The standard age to begin receiving a CPP retirement pension is when one attains age 65 (the month following the 65th birthday). However, one may receive a reduced CPP retirement pension as early as the month following the 60th birthday. Alternatively, one may receive an increased pension after reaching age 65. Canada also has a pension supplement with different rules called Old Age Security (OAS). |
|{{Further|Pensions in Canada}} By law there is no mandatory retirement (an employer cannot force an employee to retire). The standard age to begin receiving a CPP retirement pension is when one attains age 65 (the month following the 65th birthday). However, one may receive a reduced CPP retirement pension as early as the month following the 60th birthday. Alternatively, one may receive an increased pension after reaching age 65. Canada also has a pension supplement with different rules called Old Age Security (OAS). |
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|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.servicecanada.gc.ca/eng/services/pensions/cpp/retirement/|title=Canada Pension Plan Retirement Pension|work=servicecanada.gc.ca|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723125754/http://www.servicecanada.gc.ca/eng/services/pensions/cpp/retirement/|archive-date=23 July 2015|access-date=2015-07-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.servicecanada.gc.ca/eng/services/pensions/oas/changes/index.shtml|title=Changes to the Old Age Security program|work=servicecanada.gc.ca|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723135030/http://www.servicecanada.gc.ca/eng/services/pensions/oas/changes/index.shtml|archive-date=23 July 2015}}</ref> |
|<ref name="SC">>{{cite web|url=http://www.servicecanada.gc.ca/eng/services/pensions/cpp/retirement/|title=Canada Pension Plan Retirement Pension|work=servicecanada.gc.ca|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723125754/http://www.servicecanada.gc.ca/eng/services/pensions/cpp/retirement/|archive-date=23 July 2015|access-date=2015-07-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.servicecanada.gc.ca/eng/services/pensions/oas/changes/index.shtml|title=Changes to the Old Age Security program|work=servicecanada.gc.ca|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723135030/http://www.servicecanada.gc.ca/eng/services/pensions/oas/changes/index.shtml|archive-date=23 July 2015}}</ref> |
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| |
| {{flag|Chile}} |
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|65 |
|65 |
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|60 |
|60 |
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Line 141: | Line 147: | ||
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dt.gob.cl/consultas/1613/w3-article-95283.html|title=¿El trabajador que ha cumplido la edad de 65 años si es hombre o 60 años si es mujer, está obligado a seguir cotizando en la AFP a la cual se encuentra afiliado?|work=dt.gob.cl|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313080125/http://www.dt.gob.cl/consultas/1613/w3-article-95283.html|archive-date=13 March 2014}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dt.gob.cl/consultas/1613/w3-article-95283.html|title=¿El trabajador que ha cumplido la edad de 65 años si es hombre o 60 años si es mujer, está obligado a seguir cotizando en la AFP a la cual se encuentra afiliado?|work=dt.gob.cl|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313080125/http://www.dt.gob.cl/consultas/1613/w3-article-95283.html|archive-date=13 March 2014}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| {{flag|China}} |
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|60 |
|60 |
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|50–55 |
|50–55 |
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|2011 |
|2011 |
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|The retirement age in China currently |
|The retirement age in China is currently 60 for men, 55 for female civil servants, and 50 for female workers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cecc.gov/resources/legal-provisions/state-council-circular-on-issuing-state-council-temporary-measures-on|title=State Council Circular on Issuing "State Council Temporary Measures on Providing for Old, Weak, Sick, and Handicapped Cadres" and "State Council Temporary Measures on Workers' Retirement, Resignation" (Chinese Text)|date=11 July 2006 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315094022/http://www.cecc.gov/resources/legal-provisions/state-council-circular-on-issuing-state-council-temporary-measures-on|archive-date=15 March 2016}}</ref> |
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|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.china.org.cn/china/2011-03/22/content_22190715.htm|title=Retirement age will be pushed back|work=china.org.cn|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502000523/http://www.china.org.cn/china/2011-03/22/content_22190715.htm|archive-date=2 May 2012}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.china.org.cn/china/2011-03/22/content_22190715.htm|title=Retirement age will be pushed back|work=china.org.cn|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502000523/http://www.china.org.cn/china/2011-03/22/content_22190715.htm|archive-date=2 May 2012}}</ref> |
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| |
| {{flag|Colombia}} |
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|62 |
|62 |
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|57 |
|57 |
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|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mintrabajo.gov.co/preguntas-frecuentes/pensiones/colpensiones.html|title=Pensiones - Colpensiones|work=mintrabajo.gov.co|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303023941/http://www.mintrabajo.gov.co/preguntas-frecuentes/pensiones/colpensiones.html|archive-date=3 March 2014}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mintrabajo.gov.co/preguntas-frecuentes/pensiones/colpensiones.html|title=Pensiones - Colpensiones|work=mintrabajo.gov.co|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303023941/http://www.mintrabajo.gov.co/preguntas-frecuentes/pensiones/colpensiones.html|archive-date=3 March 2014}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| |
| {{flag|Croatia}} |
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|65 |
|65 |
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|62.75 |
|62.75 |
||
Line 162: | Line 168: | ||
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zakon.hr/z/91/Zakon-o-mirovinskom-osiguranju|title=Zakon o mirovinskom osiguranju [Pension Insurance Act, unofficial website]|website=www.zakon.hr|access-date=11 October 2021}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zakon.hr/z/91/Zakon-o-mirovinskom-osiguranju|title=Zakon o mirovinskom osiguranju [Pension Insurance Act, unofficial website]|website=www.zakon.hr|access-date=11 October 2021}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Cuba}} |
||
|65 |
|65 |
||
|60 |
|60 |
||
Line 169: | Line 175: | ||
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.banderasnews.com/0903/nz-cubagoesgray.htm|title=Cuba Boosts Retirement Age as Population Goes Gray|website=www.banderasnews.com|access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122155315/http://www.banderasnews.com/0903/nz-cubagoesgray.htm|archive-date=22 November 2016| language=hr}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.banderasnews.com/0903/nz-cubagoesgray.htm|title=Cuba Boosts Retirement Age as Population Goes Gray|website=www.banderasnews.com|access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122155315/http://www.banderasnews.com/0903/nz-cubagoesgray.htm|archive-date=22 November 2016| language=hr}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Cyprus}} |
||
|colspan="2"|65 |
|colspan="2"|65 |
||
|2011 |
|2011 |
||
Line 175: | Line 181: | ||
|<ref name="vik" /><ref name="report" /> |
|<ref name="vik" /><ref name="report" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Czech Republic}} |
||
|colspan="2"|64 years 2 months |
|||
|62.833 |
|||
|2024 |
|||
|58–62 |
|||
|By 2030 there will be an equal age for women and men set at 65. |
|||
|2015 |
|||
|In the Czech Republic, in the year 2015, men had the retirement age of 62 years 10 months and women had it between 58 and 62, depending on number of children.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.etk.fi/en/work-and-pensions-abroad/international-comparisons/retirement-ages/ |title=Retirement Ages |access-date=2021-11-02 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102192003/https://www.etk.fi/en/work-and-pensions-abroad/international-comparisons/retirement-ages/ |archive-date=2 November 2021 }}</ref><ref name="cssz.cz">{{cite web|url=http://www.cssz.cz/en/pension-insurance/old-age-pension.htm|title=Old-age Pension - Česká správa sociálního zabezpečení|website=www.cssz.cz|access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030090251/http://www.cssz.cz/en/pension-insurance/old-age-pension.htm|archive-date=30 October 2017}}</ref> In Czech Republic, the retirement age is in the process of being increased, and therefore depends on year of birth (for individuals born after 1977 it may exceed even 67, e.g. a person born in year 1995 must be at least 70 years old.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://portal.gov.cz/app/zakony/download?idBiblio=43085&nr=155~2F1995~20Sb.&ft=txt|title=Portál veřejné správy|website=portal.gov.cz|access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509195312/https://portal.gov.cz/app/zakony/download?idBiblio=43085&nr=155~2F1995~20Sb.&ft=txt|archive-date=9 May 2018}}</ref>) For women the retirement age depends on the number of raised children as well.<ref name="cssz.cz"/> For people born in 1975, the retirement age will be the same (66y8m) regardless of sex and number of children raised; and this age will reach 67 for people born in 1977.<ref name="cssz.cz"/> |
|||
For women, having children reduce the retirement age depending on number of children. |
|||
| |
|||
|<ref name="etk.fi"/> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Denmark}} |
||
|colspan="2"|67 |
|colspan="2"|67 |
||
|2024 |
|||
|2021 |
|||
|{{See also|Pensions in Denmark}} From 2030 onwards, retirement age will be linked to life expectancy. |
|||
| In Denmark, the retirement age will be increased gradually to reach 67 years by 2022. From 2030 onwards, it will be increased a maximum of one year every five years depending on increases in average lifespan.<ref name="english">{{cite web|url=https://english.pfa.dk/news-archive/2015/06/18/08/14/1/|title=Adjust your savings to match your retirement expectations|publisher=english.pfa.dk|access-date=23 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817112231/https://english.pfa.dk/news-archive/2015/06/18/08/14/1/|archive-date=17 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="thelocal">{{cite web|url=http://www.thelocal.dk/20141013/denmark-has-worlds-best-pension-system-study|title=Denmark has world's best pension system - The Local|publisher=thelocal.dk|access-date=23 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616083434/http://www.thelocal.dk/20141013/denmark-has-worlds-best-pension-system-study|archive-date=16 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="etk.fi"/>{{See also|Pensions in Denmark}} |
|||
|<ref name="english">{{cite web|url=https://english.pfa.dk/news-archive/2015/06/18/08/14/1/|title=Adjust your savings to match your retirement expectations|publisher=english.pfa.dk|access-date=23 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817112231/https://english.pfa.dk/news-archive/2015/06/18/08/14/1/|archive-date=17 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="thelocal">{{cite web|url=http://www.thelocal.dk/20141013/denmark-has-worlds-best-pension-system-study|title=Denmark has world's best pension system - The Local|publisher=thelocal.dk|access-date=23 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616083434/http://www.thelocal.dk/20141013/denmark-has-worlds-best-pension-system-study|archive-date=16 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="etk.fi"/><ref name="report" /><ref name="infos" /> |
|||
|<ref name="report" /><ref name="infos" /> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Egypt}} |
||
|colspan="2"|60 |
|colspan="2"|60 |
||
|2015 |
|2015 |
||
Line 194: | Line 201: | ||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Estonia}} |
||
|colspan="2"|64 |
|colspan="2"|64 years 9 months |
||
|2024 |
|||
|2021 |
|||
|By 2027, retirement age will be linked to the average life expectancy. Having children may reduce the retirement age by 3–5 years. |
|||
|In Estonia the retirement age is to be increased gradually to 65 years by 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pensionikeskus.ee/?id=696|title=Pensionikeskus|work=pensionikeskus.ee|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514062416/http://www.pensionikeskus.ee/?id=696|archive-date=14 May 2012}}</ref> After 2026, it will be linked to the average life expectancy |
|||
|<ref name="report" /><ref name="infos" /><ref name="etk.fi"/> |
|<ref name="report" /><ref name="infos" /><ref name="etk.fi"/> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Finland}} |
||
|colspan="2"| |
|colspan="2"|64.5–69 |
||
|2024 |
|||
|2021 |
|||
|Flexible retirement age: 64–69 years, national pension 65 years. In 2030, the retirement age will be linked to life expectancy. |
|||
| |
|||
|<ref name="report" /><ref name="etk.fi"/> |
|<ref name="report" /><ref name="etk.fi"/> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|France}} |
||
|colspan="2"|62–67 |
|colspan="2"|62–67 |
||
|2018 |
|2018 |
||
|The minimal retirement age has gradually increased from 60 to 62 years by 2018. |
|{{See also|Pensions in France}} The minimal retirement age has gradually increased from 60 to 62 years by 2018. |
||
|<ref name="vik" /><ref name="report" /> |
|<ref name="vik" /><ref name="report" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Georgia (country)|name=Georgia}} |
||
|65 |
|65 |
||
|60 |
|60 |
||
Line 219: | Line 226: | ||
|<ref name="vik" /> |
|<ref name="vik" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Germany}} |
||
|colspan="2"|60–67 |
|colspan="2"|60–67 |
||
|2021 |
|2021 |
||
|In Germany the retirement age is to be increased gradually and reach 67 years by 2029. For a long time the most common mandatory retirement age was 65, although in East Germany it was 60. |
|{{See also|Pensions in Germany}} In Germany the retirement age is to be increased gradually and reach 67 years by 2029. For a long time the most common mandatory retirement age was 65, although in East Germany it was 60. |
||
|<ref name="report" /><ref name="infos" /><ref name="etk.fi"/> |
|<ref name="report" /><ref name="infos" /><ref name="etk.fi"/> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Greece}} |
||
|colspan="2"|67 |
|colspan="2"|67 |
||
|2021 |
|2021 |
||
Line 231: | Line 238: | ||
|<ref name="etk.fi"/> |
|<ref name="etk.fi"/> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Hong Kong}} |
||
|colspan="2"|60–65 |
|colspan="2"|60–65 |
||
|2017 |
|2017 |
||
|Retirement age 65. Early retirement possible between the ages of 60 and 64. Some disciplined services staff of the government have lower retirement age.<ref> |
|Retirement age 65. Early retirement possible between the ages of 60 and 64. Some disciplined services staff of the government have lower retirement age.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.csb.gov.hk/english/admin/retirement/183.html|title=Civil Service Bureau - Retirement|website=www.csb.gov.hk}}</ref> |
||
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Retirement Planning and Tips - GovHK|url=https://www.gov.hk/en/residents/employment/mpf/employees/planandtips.htm |website=GovHK |access-date=23 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Commonly asked questions on retirement benefits |url=https://www.csb.gov.hk/english/admin/retirement/2541.html |website=Civil Service Bureau of the Hong Kong SAR |access-date=23 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Cap. 57 Employment Ordinance |url=https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/cap57 |website=elegislation.gov.hk |access-date=23 September 2021}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Retirement Planning and Tips - GovHK|url=https://www.gov.hk/en/residents/employment/mpf/employees/planandtips.htm |website=GovHK |access-date=23 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Commonly asked questions on retirement benefits |url=https://www.csb.gov.hk/english/admin/retirement/2541.html |website=Civil Service Bureau of the Hong Kong SAR |access-date=23 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Cap. 57 Employment Ordinance |url=https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/cap57 |website=elegislation.gov.hk |access-date=23 September 2021}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Hungary}} |
||
|colspan="2"|65 |
|colspan="2"|65 |
||
|2021 |
|2021 |
||
Line 243: | Line 250: | ||
|<ref name="etk.fi"/> |
|<ref name="etk.fi"/> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Iceland}} |
||
|colspan="2"|67 |
|colspan="2"|67 |
||
|2007 |
|2007 |
||
Line 249: | Line 256: | ||
|<ref name="infos" /> |
|<ref name="infos" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|India}} |
||
|colspan="2"|60–65 |
|colspan="2"|60–65 |
||
|2014 |
|2014 |
||
Line 256: | Line 263: | ||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Indonesia}} |
||
|colspan="2"|58 |
|colspan="2"|58 |
||
|2022 |
|2022 |
||
Line 266: | Line 273: | ||
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1560588/menilik-lagi-aturan-usia-pensiun-di-indonesia#:~:text=Mulai%201%20Januari%202019%2C%20Usia,(enam%20puluh%20lima)%20tahun.|title=Menilik Lagi Aturan Usia Pensiun di Indonesia|last=Heizier|first=Eibin|editor-last=Arjanto|editor-first=Dwi|date=14 February 2022|work=Tempo.co|language=id}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1560588/menilik-lagi-aturan-usia-pensiun-di-indonesia#:~:text=Mulai%201%20Januari%202019%2C%20Usia,(enam%20puluh%20lima)%20tahun.|title=Menilik Lagi Aturan Usia Pensiun di Indonesia|last=Heizier|first=Eibin|editor-last=Arjanto|editor-first=Dwi|date=14 February 2022|work=Tempo.co|language=id}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Iran}} |
||
|60 |
|60 |
||
|55 |
|55 |
||
Line 273: | Line 280: | ||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{flag|Iraq}} |
|||
| [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] |
|||
|colspan="2" |60 |
|||
|2014 |
|||
| |
|||
|<ref>{{cite news|date=2019-10-24|title=Iraqi gov't to lower retirement age|url=https://www.iraq-businessnews.com/2019/10/24/iraqi-govt-to-lower-retirement-age/,(enam%20puluh%20lima)%20tahun.|access-date=2024-03-25 |website=Iraq Business News|language=en}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Ireland}} |
|||
|colspan="2"|66 |
|colspan="2"|66 |
||
|2021 |
|2021 |
||
Line 279: | Line 292: | ||
|<ref name="vik" /><ref name="report" /><ref name="infos" /> |
|<ref name="vik" /><ref name="report" /><ref name="infos" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Israel}} |
||
|67 |
|67 |
||
|65 |
|65 |
||
|2022 |
|2022 |
||
|In Israel the retirement age for women is to be increased gradually and reach 65 by 2032.<ref>{{Cite |
|In Israel the retirement age for women is to be increased gradually and reach 65 by 2032.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-retirement-age-for-women-in-israel-to-rise-to-65-1001377906|title=Retirement age for women in Israel to rise to 65|newspaper=Globes|date=7 December 2021 }}</ref> |
||
|<ref name="Social security">https://www.btl.gov.il/benefits/old_age/Conditions_of_eligibility/gilMezake/Pages/gilPrisha.aspx |
|<ref name="Social security">{{cite web | url=https://www.btl.gov.il/benefits/old_age/Conditions_of_eligibility/gilMezake/Pages/gilPrisha.aspx | title=הגיל הראשון: גיל הפרישה - 2. הגעת לגיל המזכה בקצבה | ביטוח לאומי }}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Italy}} |
||
|colspan="2"|62–67 |
|colspan="2"|62–67 |
||
|2021 |
|2021 |
||
Line 292: | Line 305: | ||
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pensionioggi.it/dizionario/quota-100|title=Ecco come Funziona la Quota 100 [Guida]|website=www.pensionioggi.it}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pensionioggi.it/dizionario/quota-100|title=Ecco come Funziona la Quota 100 [Guida]|website=www.pensionioggi.it}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Japan}} |
||
|64 |
|64 |
||
|62 |
|62 |
||
Line 299: | Line 312: | ||
|<ref name="etk.fi"/><ref>[https://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/org/policy/dl/p36-37_1.pdf#page=22 The Point Of The Pension Plan]. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Pension Bureau. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110323073026/https://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/org/policy/dl/p36-37_1.pdf|date=23 March 2011}}</ref> |
|<ref name="etk.fi"/><ref>[https://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/org/policy/dl/p36-37_1.pdf#page=22 The Point Of The Pension Plan]. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Pension Bureau. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110323073026/https://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/org/policy/dl/p36-37_1.pdf|date=23 March 2011}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Kazakhstan}} |
||
|63 |
|63 |
||
|58 |
|58 |
||
Line 313: | Line 326: | ||
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=LAW NO. 04/L-131 ON PENSION SCHEMES FINANCED BY THE STATE |url=https://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=9517 |access-date=24 March 2023}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=LAW NO. 04/L-131 ON PENSION SCHEMES FINANCED BY THE STATE |url=https://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=9517 |access-date=24 March 2023}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} |
|||
| [[North Korea]] |
|||
|60 |
|||
|55 |
|||
|1999 |
|||
| |
|||
|<ref>{{cite book|author1=Lee Keum-soon|author2=Choi Eui-chul|author3=Lim Soon-hee|author4=Kim Soo-am|title=White Paper on Human Rights in North Korea, 2005|url=http://repo.kinu.or.kr/bitstream/2015.oak/830/1/0000605363.pdf#page=250|year=2005|publisher=Korea Institute for National Unification|location=Seoul|isbn=89-8479-293-4|pages=231, 247|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013053728/http://repo.kinu.or.kr/bitstream/2015.oak/830/1/0000605363.pdf|archive-date=13 October 2018}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[South Korea]] |
|||
|colspan="2"|60 |
|||
|2016 |
|||
|Employers with more than 300 employees are required to extend the retiring age to 60. From 1 January 2017, it will be mandatory for all employers nationwide.<ref name="hankookilbo">{{cite web|url=http://www.hankookilbo.com/v/57e47c3e093a450ba841dfff0ca0b5aa|title=한국일보 : 오피니언 : 2016 국민생활 이렇게 달라진다|date=27 December 2015 |publisher=hankookilbo.com|access-date=23 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817084149/http://www.hankookilbo.com/v/57e47c3e093a450ba841dfff0ca0b5aa|archive-date=17 August 2016}}</ref> |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Kyrgyzstan]] |
|||
|63 |
|63 |
||
|58 |
|58 |
||
Line 333: | Line 333: | ||
|<ref name="vik" /> |
|<ref name="vik" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Latvia}} |
||
|colspan="2"|64 |
| colspan="2" |64 |
||
|2021 |
|2021 |
||
|The age will be 65 by 2025.<ref name="etk.fi"/> |
|The age will be 65 by 2025.<ref name="etk.fi" /> |
||
|<ref name="etk.fi"/> |
|<ref name="etk.fi" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Libya}} |
||
|65 |
|65 |
||
|60 |
|60 |
||
Line 346: | Line 346: | ||
|<ref>{{cite news | title = HoR increases retirement age to 70 but pension can still be claimed at 65 | newspaper = Libya Herald | date = 9 November 2017 | url = https://www.libyaherald.com/2017/11/09/hor-increases-retirement-age-to-70/ | access-date = 9 November 2017 }}</ref> |
|<ref>{{cite news | title = HoR increases retirement age to 70 but pension can still be claimed at 65 | newspaper = Libya Herald | date = 9 November 2017 | url = https://www.libyaherald.com/2017/11/09/hor-increases-retirement-age-to-70/ | access-date = 9 November 2017 }}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Liechtenstein}} |
||
|colspan="2"|64 |
| colspan="2" |64 |
||
|2007 |
|2007 |
||
| |
| |
||
|<ref name="infos" /> |
|<ref name="infos" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Lithuania}} |
||
|64.167 |
|64.167 |
||
|63.333 |
|63.333 |
||
|2021 |
|2021 |
||
|In Lithuania, the retirement age will be raised to 65 for both men and women by 2026.<ref name="etk.fi"/> |
|In Lithuania, the retirement age will be raised to 65 for both men and women by 2026.<ref name="etk.fi" /> |
||
|<ref name="etk.fi"/><ref>{{cite news | first = Milda | last = Seputyte | title = Lithuania Raises Retirement Age to 65 to Help Narrow Budget Gap | newspaper = Bloomberg | location = Vilnius | publisher = Bloomberg L.P. | date = 9 June 2011 | url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-06-09/lithuania-raises-retirement-age-to-65-to-help-narrow-budget-gap | access-date = 11 March 2015 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402153218/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-06-09/lithuania-raises-retirement-age-to-65-to-help-narrow-budget-gap | archive-date = 2 April 2015 }}</ref> |
|<ref name="etk.fi" /><ref>{{cite news | first = Milda | last = Seputyte | title = Lithuania Raises Retirement Age to 65 to Help Narrow Budget Gap | newspaper = Bloomberg | location = Vilnius | publisher = Bloomberg L.P. | date = 9 June 2011 | url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-06-09/lithuania-raises-retirement-age-to-65-to-help-narrow-budget-gap | access-date = 11 March 2015 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402153218/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-06-09/lithuania-raises-retirement-age-to-65-to-help-narrow-budget-gap | archive-date = 2 April 2015 }}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Luxembourg}} |
||
|colspan="2"|65 |
| colspan="2" |65 |
||
|2011 |
|2011 |
||
| |
| |
||
|<ref name="vik" /> |
|<ref name="vik" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Malaysia}} |
||
| colspan="2" |60 |
| colspan="2" |60 |
||
|2013 |
|2013 |
||
Line 371: | Line 371: | ||
|<ref>{{cite news | last = Cheng | first = Dorothy | title = Bosses, workers welcome retirement at 60 | newspaper = theSundaily | location = Kuala Lumpur | publisher = Sun Media Corporation Sdn. Bhd. | date = 30 June 2013 | url = http://www.thesundaily.my/news/756854 | access-date = 10 March 2015 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402172938/http://www.thesundaily.my/news/756854 | archive-date = 2 April 2015 }}</ref> |
|<ref>{{cite news | last = Cheng | first = Dorothy | title = Bosses, workers welcome retirement at 60 | newspaper = theSundaily | location = Kuala Lumpur | publisher = Sun Media Corporation Sdn. Bhd. | date = 30 June 2013 | url = http://www.thesundaily.my/news/756854 | access-date = 10 March 2015 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402172938/http://www.thesundaily.my/news/756854 | archive-date = 2 April 2015 }}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Malta}} |
||
| colspan="2" |63 |
| colspan="2" |63 |
||
|2021 |
|2021 |
||
Line 377: | Line 377: | ||
|<ref name="etk.fi" /> |
|<ref name="etk.fi" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Mexico}} |
||
| colspan="2" |65 |
| colspan="2" |65 |
||
|2015 |
|2015 |
||
Line 383: | Line 383: | ||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Moldova}} |
||
|63 |
|63 |
||
|60 |
|60 |
||
Line 390: | Line 390: | ||
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cnas.md/tabview.php?l=ro&idc=534&t=/Pensii/Pensie-pentru-limita-de-virsta|title=Pensie pentru limită de vârstă /|first=Casa Națională de Asigurări|last=Sociale|website=cnas.md}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cnas.md/tabview.php?l=ro&idc=534&t=/Pensii/Pensie-pentru-limita-de-virsta|title=Pensie pentru limită de vârstă /|first=Casa Națională de Asigurări|last=Sociale|website=cnas.md}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Montenegro}} |
||
|66 |
|66 |
||
|64 |
|64 |
||
Line 397: | Line 397: | ||
|<ref name="vik" /> |
|<ref name="vik" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Morocco}} |
||
| colspan="2" |63 |
| colspan="2" |63 |
||
|2014 |
|2014 |
||
Line 403: | Line 403: | ||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Namibia}} |
||
| colspan="2" |50–60 |
| colspan="2" |50–60 |
||
|2015 |
|2015 |
||
Line 409: | Line 409: | ||
|<ref>[http://www.gipf.com.na/about/Pages/pension.aspx ''Pension Benefits.'' GIPF.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208094413/http://www.gipf.com.na/about/Pages/pension.aspx |date=8 February 2016 }} Retrieved on 8 February 2016</ref><ref name="namibian">{{cite journal|url= http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?page=read&id=36877|title= Govt probes early retirement age.|journal= The Namibian|date= 7 February 2016|publisher= namibian.com.na|access-date= 23 July 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160213190955/http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?page=read&id=36877|archive-date= 13 February 2016}}</ref> |
|<ref>[http://www.gipf.com.na/about/Pages/pension.aspx ''Pension Benefits.'' GIPF.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208094413/http://www.gipf.com.na/about/Pages/pension.aspx |date=8 February 2016 }} Retrieved on 8 February 2016</ref><ref name="namibian">{{cite journal|url= http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?page=read&id=36877|title= Govt probes early retirement age.|journal= The Namibian|date= 7 February 2016|publisher= namibian.com.na|access-date= 23 July 2016|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160213190955/http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?page=read&id=36877|archive-date= 13 February 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Nepal}} |
||
| colspan="2" |65 |
| colspan="2" |65 |
||
|2021 |
|2021 |
||
Line 415: | Line 415: | ||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Netherlands}} |
||
| colspan="2" | |
| colspan="2" | 67 |
||
|2024 |
|||
|2018 |
|||
| |
|67 to be increased to 67 years 3 months in 2028. AOW ([[Algemene Ouderdomswet]], meaning General Old Age Law) eligibility is tied to life expectancy. |
||
|<ref name="etk.fi" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pension arrangements in the Netherlands|url=https://business.gov.nl/regulation/pension/ |access-date=2024-06-08 |website=Business.gov.nl |language=en}}</ref> |
|||
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ffp.nl/consument/life-events/pensioen/pensioenrichtleeftijd-naar-68-jaar/|title=Pensioenrichtleeftijd naar 68 jaar|author=FFP|work=ffp.nl|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230172312/https://ffp.nl/consument/life-events/pensioen/pensioenrichtleeftijd-naar-68-jaar/|archive-date=30 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.belastingdienst.nl/wps/wcm/connect/bldcontentnl/belastingdienst/prive/werk_en_inkomen/pensioen_en_andere_uitkeringen/wanneer_bereikt_u_de_aow_leeftijd/wanneer_bereikt_u_de_aow_leeftijd |title=Wanneer bereikt u de AOW-leeftijd? |work=Belastingdienst.nl |access-date=2018-10-15}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|New Zealand}} |
||
| colspan="2" |65 |
| colspan="2" |65 |
||
|2019 |
|2019 |
||
Line 428: | Line 428: | ||
|author=Ministry of Social Development|work=workandincome.govt.nz|access-date=August 21, 2019}}</ref> |
|author=Ministry of Social Development|work=workandincome.govt.nz|access-date=August 21, 2019}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|North Korea}} |
||
|60 |
|||
|55 |
|||
|1999 |
|||
| |
|||
|<ref>{{cite book|author1=Lee Keum-soon|author2=Choi Eui-chul|author3=Lim Soon-hee|author4=Kim Soo-am|title=White Paper on Human Rights in North Korea, 2005|url=http://repo.kinu.or.kr/bitstream/2015.oak/830/1/0000605363.pdf#page=250|year=2005|publisher=Korea Institute for National Unification|location=Seoul|isbn=89-8479-293-4|pages=231, 247|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013053728/http://repo.kinu.or.kr/bitstream/2015.oak/830/1/0000605363.pdf|archive-date=13 October 2018}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|North Macedonia}} |
|||
|64 |
|64 |
||
|62 |
|62 |
||
Line 435: | Line 442: | ||
|<ref name="vik" /> |
|<ref name="vik" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Norway}} |
||
| colspan="2" |62–67 |
| colspan="2" |62–67 |
||
|2018 |
|2018 |
||
|{{See also|Pensions in Norway}}The general retirement age is currently set to age 67 however, given sufficient pension contributions it is possible to retire as early as at age 62. The longer an individual postpones withdrawing a pension, the greater the government pension provision becomes. |
|{{See also|Pensions in Norway}} The general retirement age is currently set to age 67 however, given sufficient pension contributions it is possible to retire as early as at age 62. The longer an individual postpones withdrawing a pension, the greater the government pension provision becomes. |
||
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nav.no/en/Home/Benefits+and+services/Relatert+informasjon/retirement-pension-for-those-born-in-and-after-1963|title=Retirement pension for those born in and after 1963 - www.nav.no|work=NAV|access-date=2018-03-24|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324103319/https://www.nav.no/en/Home/Benefits+and+services/Relatert+informasjon/retirement-pension-for-those-born-in-and-after-1963|archive-date=24 March 2018}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nav.no/en/Home/Benefits+and+services/Relatert+informasjon/retirement-pension-for-those-born-in-and-after-1963|title=Retirement pension for those born in and after 1963 - www.nav.no|work=NAV|access-date=2018-03-24|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324103319/https://www.nav.no/en/Home/Benefits+and+services/Relatert+informasjon/retirement-pension-for-those-born-in-and-after-1963|archive-date=24 March 2018}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Oman}} |
||
|60 |
|||
|colspan="2"|65 |
|||
|55 |
|||
|2013 |
|||
|2023 |
|||
|The age is 60 if in hazardous or unhealthy occupations. |
|||
|The age is 60. |
|||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Pakistan}} |
||
|colspan="2"|60 |
| colspan="2" |60 |
||
|2012 |
|2012 |
||
| |
| |
||
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.thepeninsulaqatar.com/component/content/article/347-pakistan-sub-continent/99963.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427124641/http://archive.thepeninsulaqatar.com/component/content/article/347-pakistan-sub-continent/99963.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-04-27|title=Page Not Found|work=thepeninsulaqatar.com}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.thepeninsulaqatar.com/component/content/article/347-pakistan-sub-continent/99963.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427124641/http://archive.thepeninsulaqatar.com/component/content/article/347-pakistan-sub-continent/99963.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-04-27|title=Page Not Found|work=thepeninsulaqatar.com}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Peru}} |
||
|colspan="2"|60 |
| colspan="2" |60 |
||
|2018 |
|2018 |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Philippines}} |
||
|colspan="2"|60 |
| colspan="2" |60 |
||
|1990 |
|1990 |
||
|The retirement age for an employee depends on the employment contract. Upon retirement, the retired employee should be given his/her benefits according to the agreement or contract between the employer and the employee. However, if there is no existing retirement plan or agreement for the employee, he/she may retire at the age of 60, given that he/she has served the employer for 5 years, and shall be given a retirement pay of at least half a month's salary for every year of service (6 months of work given is considered as 1 whole year for the retirement pay). |
|The retirement age for an employee depends on the employment contract. Upon retirement, the retired employee should be given his/her benefits according to the agreement or contract between the employer and the employee. However, if there is no existing retirement plan or agreement for the employee, he/she may retire at the age of 60, given that he/she has served the employer for 5 years, and shall be given a retirement pay of at least half a month's salary for every year of service (6 months of work given is considered as 1 whole year for the retirement pay). |
||
|<ref name="Labor Code">{{cite book|last=Philippines|title=Labor Code of the Philippines : as amended with implementing rules and regulations|year=1990|publisher=Department of Labor and Employment|location=Manila|url=http://www.dole.gov.ph/labor_codes.php|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117024015/http://www.dole.gov.ph/labor_codes.php|archive-date=17 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.congreso.gob.pe/sicr/tradocestproc/clproley2001.nsf/pley/459B5325BA7A9B0D05256D25005DA016?opendocument|title=Gobierno del Perú|website=GobPerú}}</ref> |
|<ref name="Labor Code">{{cite book|last=Philippines|title=Labor Code of the Philippines : as amended with implementing rules and regulations|year=1990|publisher=Department of Labor and Employment|location=Manila|url=http://www.dole.gov.ph/labor_codes.php|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117024015/http://www.dole.gov.ph/labor_codes.php|archive-date=17 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.congreso.gob.pe/sicr/tradocestproc/clproley2001.nsf/pley/459B5325BA7A9B0D05256D25005DA016?opendocument|title=Gobierno del Perú|website=GobPerú}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Poland}} |
||
|65 |
|65 |
||
|60 |
|60 |
||
|2016 |
|2016 |
||
| |
| |
||
|<ref name="etk.fi"/> |
|<ref name="etk.fi" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Portugal}} |
||
|colspan="2"|66.5 |
| colspan="2" |66.5 |
||
|2021 |
|2021 |
||
| |
| |
||
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dre.pt/web/guest/pesquisa/-/search/106566471/details/maximized|title=Portaria n.º 99/2017 |author=Secretária de Estado da Segurança Social, Cláudia Sofia de Almeida Gaspar Joaquim|work=Diário da República}}</ref><ref name="etk.fi"/> |
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dre.pt/web/guest/pesquisa/-/search/106566471/details/maximized|title=Portaria n.º 99/2017 |author=Secretária de Estado da Segurança Social, Cláudia Sofia de Almeida Gaspar Joaquim|work=Diário da República}}</ref><ref name="etk.fi" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Romania}} |
||
|65 |
|65 |
||
|62 |
|62 |
||
|2023 |
|2023 |
||
|The age for women is being increased gradually. It will reach 63 by 2030 |
|The age for women is being increased gradually. It will reach 63 by 2030, 64 in 2033 and 65 in 2035, and then will be linked to life expectancy. |
||
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocumentAfis/276927|title=LEGE 360 29/11/2023|access-date=24 Jun 2024}}</ref> |
|||
|<ref name="cjpensiiarad.ro"/><ref name="etk.fi"/> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Russia}} |
||
|63 |
|||
|61.5 |
|||
|58 |
|||
|56.5 |
|||
|2024 |
|||
|2021 |
|||
|From 2019 the retirement age for men (women) would gradually increase from 60 (55) to 65 (60) years by 2028; first it was intended to hike the age for women to 63 but later the plan was softened. |
|From 2019 the retirement age for men (women) would gradually increase from 60 (55) to 65 (60) years by 2028; first it was intended to hike the age for women to 63 but later the plan was softened. |
||
|<ref name="bbcsoftening">{{cite web |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-45342721 |title= Russia's Putin softens pension reforms after outcry |publisher= [[BBC]] |date= 2018-08-29|access-date= 2019-01-30 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://themoscowtimes.com/news/russian-duma-moves-hike-retirement-age-amid-popular-opposition-62299 |title=Russian Duma Moves to Hike Retirement Age Amid Popular Opposition |work= themoscowtimes.com |date= 19 July 2018}}</ref> |
|<ref name="bbcsoftening">{{cite web |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-45342721 |title= Russia's Putin softens pension reforms after outcry |publisher= [[BBC]] |date= 2018-08-29|access-date= 2019-01-30 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://themoscowtimes.com/news/russian-duma-moves-hike-retirement-age-amid-popular-opposition-62299 |title=Russian Duma Moves to Hike Retirement Age Amid Popular Opposition |work= themoscowtimes.com |date= 19 July 2018}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} |
||
|colspan="2"|60 |
| colspan="2" |60 |
||
|2014 |
|2014 |
||
|In Saudi Arabia, the retirement age is [http://www.arabnews.com/news/566256 based on the Hijiri] ([[lunar calendar|lunar]]) calendar. |
|In Saudi Arabia, the retirement age is [http://www.arabnews.com/news/566256 based on the Hijiri] ([[lunar calendar|lunar]]) calendar. |
||
|<ref>{{cite news | first = P.K. | last = Abdul Ghafour | url = http://www.arabnews.com/news/566256 | title = 62 to be the age of retirement | date = 6 May 2014 | newspaper = Arab News | location = Jeddah | publisher = Saudi Research & Publishing Company | access-date = 10 March 2015 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150119003135/http://www.arabnews.com/news/566256 | archive-date = 19 January 2015 }}</ref> |
|<ref>{{cite news | first = P.K. | last = Abdul Ghafour | url = http://www.arabnews.com/news/566256 | title = 62 to be the age of retirement | date = 6 May 2014 | newspaper = Arab News | location = Jeddah | publisher = Saudi Research & Publishing Company | access-date = 10 March 2015 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150119003135/http://www.arabnews.com/news/566256 | archive-date = 19 January 2015 }}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Serbia}} |
||
|65 |
|65 |
||
|63.5 |
|63.5 |
||
Line 505: | Line 513: | ||
|<ref name="vik" /> |
|<ref name="vik" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Singapore}} |
||
|colspan="2"|62–65 |
| colspan="2" |62–65 |
||
|2012 |
|2012 |
||
|In Singapore, the Retirement Age Act (RAA) has been replaced by the Retirement and Re-employment Act (RRA) in 2012. Under the RRA, the statutory minimum retirement age is still 62, but employers are now [http://www.mom.gov.sg/employment-practices/employment-rights-conditions/retirement/Pages/retirement.aspx required to offer re-employment to eligible employees] who turn 62, up to the age of 65. The bill will gradually increase the retirement and re-employment ages for Singapore employees to 65 and 70 years old, respectively. By 2030, the retirement age will have been increased to 65 and the re-employment age will have been raised to 70, in a step-by-step approach. |
|In Singapore, the Retirement Age Act (RAA) has been replaced by the Retirement and Re-employment Act (RRA) in 2012. Under the RRA, the statutory minimum retirement age is still 62, but employers are now [http://www.mom.gov.sg/employment-practices/employment-rights-conditions/retirement/Pages/retirement.aspx required to offer re-employment to eligible employees] who turn 62, up to the age of 65. The bill will gradually increase the retirement and re-employment ages for Singapore employees to 65 and 70 years old, respectively. By 2030, the retirement age will have been increased to 65 and the re-employment age will have been raised to 70, in a step-by-step approach. |
||
|<ref>{{Cite |
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/retirement-and-re-employment-ages-will-be-raised-to-65-and-70|title=Retirement and re-employment ages in Singapore will be raised to 65 and 70 | The Straits Times|first=Hermes|last=Auto|date=1 November 2021|website=www.straitstimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author = Ministry of Manpower | url = http://www.mom.gov.sg/employment-practices/employment-rights-conditions/retirement/Pages/retirement.aspx | title = Retirement and Re-employment Act | date = 25 February 2015 | publisher = Government of Singapore | location = Singapore | access-date = 10 March 2015 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150315232457/http://www.mom.gov.sg/employment-practices/employment-rights-conditions/retirement/Pages/retirement.aspx | archive-date = 15 March 2015 }}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Slovakia}} |
||
|colspan="2"|62 |
| colspan="2" |62 |
||
|2017 |
|2017 |
||
|In Slovakia the retirement age for women depends on the number of children.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Slovakia - Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion - European Commission |url=https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1127&intPageId=4767&langId=en |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=ec.europa.eu}}</ref> The retirement age will be equalized for men and women at 62 in 2017. The retirement age as of October 2022 is 63 years with the conditions. <ref name="etk.fi"/> |
|In Slovakia the retirement age for women depends on the number of children.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Slovakia - Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion - European Commission |url=https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1127&intPageId=4767&langId=en |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=ec.europa.eu}}</ref> The retirement age will be equalized for men and women at 62 in 2017. The retirement age as of October 2022 is 63 years with the conditions. <ref name="etk.fi" /> |
||
|<ref name="report" /> |
|<ref name="report" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Slovenia}} |
||
|colspan="2"|65 |
| colspan="2" |65 |
||
|2021 |
|2021 |
||
| |
| |
||
|<ref name="etk.fi"/> |
|<ref name="etk.fi" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{flag|South Korea}} |
|||
| [[Spain]] |
|||
|colspan="2"| |
|colspan="2"|60 |
||
|2016 |
|||
|2021 |
|||
|Employers with more than 300 employees are required to extend the retiring age to 60. From 1 January 2017, it will be mandatory for all employers nationwide.<ref name="hankookilbo">{{cite web|url=http://www.hankookilbo.com/v/57e47c3e093a450ba841dfff0ca0b5aa|title=한국일보 : 오피니언 : 2016 국민생활 이렇게 달라진다|date=27 December 2015 |publisher=hankookilbo.com|access-date=23 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817084149/http://www.hankookilbo.com/v/57e47c3e093a450ba841dfff0ca0b5aa|archive-date=17 August 2016}}</ref> |
|||
|The age will be 67 by 2027.<ref name="etk.fi"/> {{See also|Pensions in Spain}} |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Spain}} |
|||
|colspan="2"|66.5 |
|||
|2024 |
|||
|{{See also|Pensions in Spain}} The age will be 67 by 2027.<ref name="etk.fi"/> |
|||
|<ref name="vik" /><ref name="report" /> |
|<ref name="vik" /><ref name="report" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Sri Lanka}} |
||
|colspan="2"|55 |
|colspan="2"|55 |
||
|2014 |
|2014 |
||
Line 535: | Line 549: | ||
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymirror.lk/41284/pros-and-cons-of-extending-the-retirement-age/|title=Pros and cons of extending the retirement age - Daily Mirror - Sri Lanka Latest Breaking News and Headline|publisher=Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka)|language=en|date=7 January 2014|access-date=25 February 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226160811/http://www.dailymirror.lk/41284/pros-and-cons-of-extending-the-retirement-age/|archive-date=26 February 2017}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymirror.lk/41284/pros-and-cons-of-extending-the-retirement-age/|title=Pros and cons of extending the retirement age - Daily Mirror - Sri Lanka Latest Breaking News and Headline|publisher=Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka)|language=en|date=7 January 2014|access-date=25 February 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226160811/http://www.dailymirror.lk/41284/pros-and-cons-of-extending-the-retirement-age/|archive-date=26 February 2017}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{flag|Sweden}} |
||
|colspan="2"| |
|colspan="2"|63–69 |
||
|2024 |
|||
|2021 |
|||
|64-67 is the general age of retirement by 2023 if you are born 1963 or later. |
|||
| |
|||
|<ref name="pensionsmyndigheten">{{cite web |url=https://www.pensionsmyndigheten.se/ga-i-pension/planera-din-pension/hojd-pensionsalder |title = Riktåldern styr när du kan ta ut allmän pension| date=14 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Plan your pension |url=https://www.pensionsmyndigheten.se/other-languages/english-engelska/english-engelska/plan-your-pension |date=2023-12-27|access-date=2024-06-08 |website=Pensionsmyndigheten|language=en}}</ref><ref name="etk.fi" /> |
|||
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://businessinsider.com.pl/twoje-pieniadze/emerytury/jak-wyglada-wiek-emerytalny-w-europie/0f8xx61 |title = Jak wygląda wiek emerytalny w Europie?| date=17 November 2016 }}</ref><ref name="etk.fi"/> |
|||
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|<ref>''The National Insurance Board of Trinidad and Tobago'' {{cite web |url=http://www.nibtt.net/benefits_09/ben_retirement.html |title=Retirement Benefit |access-date=2015-07-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711105003/http://www.nibtt.net/benefits_09/ben_retirement.html |archive-date=11 July 2015 }}</ref> |
|<ref>''The National Insurance Board of Trinidad and Tobago'' {{cite web |url=http://www.nibtt.net/benefits_09/ben_retirement.html |title=Retirement Benefit |access-date=2015-07-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711105003/http://www.nibtt.net/benefits_09/ben_retirement.html |archive-date=11 July 2015 }}</ref> |
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|<ref>{{cite news |title=1800, 3600 ve 4500 günden emekli olma tarihleri araştırılıyor! |url=https://www.takvim.com.tr/sgk/2020/06/14/1800-3600-ve-4500-gunden-emekli-olma-tarihleri-arastiriliyor |access-date=13 September 2020 |work=takvim.com.tr |language=tr}}</ref> |
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|<ref name="vik" /><ref name="voxukraine">{{cite web|url=http://voxukraine.org/2015/06/09/ukraine-needs-a-smaller-and-more-humane-state/|title=Ukraine Needs a Smaller and More Humane State – VoxUkraine|date=9 June 2015|publisher=voxukraine.org|access-date=23 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514123236/http://voxukraine.org/2015/06/09/ukraine-needs-a-smaller-and-more-humane-state/|archive-date=14 May 2016}}</ref> |
|<ref name="vik" /><ref name="voxukraine">{{cite web|url=http://voxukraine.org/2015/06/09/ukraine-needs-a-smaller-and-more-humane-state/|title=Ukraine Needs a Smaller and More Humane State – VoxUkraine|date=9 June 2015|publisher=voxukraine.org|access-date=23 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514123236/http://voxukraine.org/2015/06/09/ukraine-needs-a-smaller-and-more-humane-state/|archive-date=14 May 2016}}</ref> |
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|State pension age equalized at 65 in 2018. It increased to 66 on 6 October 2020, and will go up to 67 by 2028<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/check-your-state-pension-age|title=Check your State Pension age - nidirect|date=28 October 2015|website=nidirect.gov.uk|access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330095306/https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/check-your-state-pension-age|archive-date=30 March 2018}}</ref> and 68 by 2037.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/proposed-new-timetable-for-state-pension-age-increases|title=Proposed new timetable for State Pension age increases|website=www.gov.uk|access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223111415/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/proposed-new-timetable-for-state-pension-age-increases|archive-date=23 February 2018}}</ref>{{See also|Pensions in the United Kingdom}} |
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State pension age increased to 66 in 2020, and will go up to 67 by 2028,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/check-your-state-pension-age|title=Check your State Pension age - nidirect|date=28 October 2015|website=nidirect.gov.uk|access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330095306/https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/check-your-state-pension-age|archive-date=30 March 2018}}</ref> and to 68 by 2037.<ref name="guk">{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/proposed-new-timetable-for-state-pension-age-increases|title=Proposed new timetable for State Pension age increases|website=www.gov.uk|access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223111415/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/proposed-new-timetable-for-state-pension-age-increases|archive-date=23 February 2018}}</ref> |
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|colspan="2"|(A) Earliest age is 62 (on 25 to 30% reduction)<br>(B) Standard - 66–69<br>(C) Delayment in receiving benefits out until aged 70, +25% increase<ref name="site"/> |
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|{{Main article|Pensions in the United States}} Retirees are eligible to receive reduced Social Security payments at the age of 62. People 65 and over are eligible to receive Medicare benefits if they paid Medicare taxes for at least 10 years. The full retirement age is 67 for everyone born in 1960 or later. If a prospective retiree delays taking out benefits from 67 up to age 70, benefit amount will increase.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full Retirement and Age 62 Benefit By Year Of Birth |url=https://www.ssa.gov/benefits/retirement/planner/agereduction.html}}</ref> |
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The [[Social Security Administration]], is the Government agency responsible for social services in the United States. |
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Pension age in the United States is determined on one's birth year, the earliest a person can retire is 62, but benefits for a single may be a 25% to 30% reduction, as the full benefit amount (100%) is for retirees is 66, however if a prospective retiree delays taking out Government benefits until 70, the full pension amount is increased (125%). |
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|<ref name="site">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ssa.gov/benefits/retirement/planner/agereduction.html|title=Benefits Planner: Retirement | Retirement Age and Benefit Reduction|website=Social Security Administration}}</ref> |
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|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ivss.gov.ve/contenido/Pension-por-Vejez|title=Pension por Vejez - IVSS Instituto Venezolano de los Seguros Sociales - La Seguridad Social es tu Derecho|first=instituto venezolano de los seguros|last=sociales|website=www.ivss.gov.ve|access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417190758/http://www.ivss.gov.ve/contenido/Pension-por-Vejez|archive-date=17 April 2018}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ivss.gov.ve/contenido/Pension-por-Vejez|title=Pension por Vejez - IVSS Instituto Venezolano de los Seguros Sociales - La Seguridad Social es tu Derecho|first=instituto venezolano de los seguros|last=sociales|website=www.ivss.gov.ve|access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417190758/http://www.ivss.gov.ve/contenido/Pension-por-Vejez|archive-date=17 April 2018}}</ref> |
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|The retirement age will gradually increase to 62 for males by 2028 and 60 for females by 2035. In 2021, the retirement age is 60.25 (age 60 and 3 months) for |
|The retirement age will gradually increase to 62 for males by 2028 and 60 for females by 2035. In 2021, the retirement age is 60.25 (age 60 and 3 months) for men and 50.33 (age 50 and 4 months) for women, the age will be increased by 3 months each year following for men and 4 months for women. |
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|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bộ Luật lao động 2019 số 45/2019/QH14 |url=https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Lao-dong-Tien-luong/Bo-Luat-lao-dong-2019-333670.aspx |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=thuvienphapluat.vn |language=vi}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bộ Luật lao động 2019 số 45/2019/QH14 |url=https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Lao-dong-Tien-luong/Bo-Luat-lao-dong-2019-333670.aspx |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=thuvienphapluat.vn |language=vi}}</ref> |
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The average of statutory retirement age in the 34 countries of the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD) in 2014 was males 65 years and females 63.5 years, but the tendency all over the world is to increase the retirement age.<ref>{{cite web | first = John | last = Scott | url = http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/business/aging-australians-balk-worlds-oldest-retirement-age/ | title = Aging Australians Balk at World's Oldest Retirement Age | date = 25 June 2014 | publisher = BeritaSatu Media Holdings | location = Jakarta | access-date = 10 March 2015 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140912153533/http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/business/aging-australians-balk-worlds-oldest-retirement-age/ | archive-date = 12 September 2014 }}</ref> This is also reflected by the findings that just over half the [[Asian people|Asian]] investors surveyed region-wide said they agreed with raising the retirement age, with a quarter disagreeing and the remainder undecided.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.manulife.com/public/news/detail/0,,lang=en&artId=147865&navId=630002,00.html | title = Asians Want To See Official Retirement Ages Rise – Manulife Survey | publisher = The Manufacturers Life Insurance Company | location = Hong Kong | date = 22 May 2014 | access-date = 10 March 2015}}</ref> |
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The average of statutory retirement age in the 34 countries of the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD) in 2014 was: males 65 years and females 63.5 years, but the tendency all over the world is to increase the retirement age.<ref>{{cite web | first = John | last = Scott | url = http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/business/aging-australians-balk-worlds-oldest-retirement-age/ | title = Aging Australians Balk at World's Oldest Retirement Age | date = 25 June 2014 | publisher = BeritaSatu Media Holdings | location = Jakarta | access-date = 10 March 2015 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140912153533/http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/business/aging-australians-balk-worlds-oldest-retirement-age/ | archive-date = 12 September 2014 }}</ref> This is also reflected by the findings that just over half the [[Asian people|Asian]] investors surveyed region-wide said they agreed with raising the retirement age, with a quarter disagreeing and the remainder undecided.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.manulife.com/public/news/detail/0,,lang=en&artId=147865&navId=630002,00.html | title = Asians Want To See Official Retirement Ages Rise – Manulife Survey | publisher = The Manufacturers Life Insurance Company | location = Hong Kong | date = 22 May 2014 | access-date = 10 March 2015}}</ref> |
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== Reform == |
== Reform == |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist|30em}} |
{{Reflist|30em}} |
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== External links == |
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* [https://archive.today/20130117145720/http://www.barcelonareporter.com/index.php?/news/comments/only_three_other_countries_in_the_eu_plan_to_increase_retirement_age_above_ Only three other countries in the EU plan to increase retirement age above 65] |
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[[Category:Retirement |
[[Category:Retirement]] |
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[[Category:Age and society]] |
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[[Category:Demographic economic problems]] |
[[Category:Demographic economic problems]] |
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[[Category:Pensions]] |
[[Category:Pensions]] |
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[[Category:Minimum ages]] |
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[[Category:Fiscal policy]] |
[[Category:Fiscal policy]] |
Revision as of 23:44, 23 July 2024
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This article lists the statutory retirement age in different countries. In some contexts, the retirement age is the age at which a person is expected or required to cease work. It is usually the age at which such a person may be entitled to receive superannuation or other government benefits, like a state pension.
History and establishment
The first recorded use of a state pension was established in the Roman Empire in 13 BC by Augustus for military veterans who had served for at least 16 years in a legion and four years in the reserves. This was later increased to 20 years in a legion and five years in the reserves.[1] In the United States, states historically lack a retirement age even though labor force participation rates began to fall dramatically after the age of 60.[2]
The first retirement age was set in Germany by Otto Von Bismarck in 1881, originally at 70, before being reduced to 65 in 1916.[3] Following this, more countries began to adopt an official retirement age, such as Britain with the passage of the Old Age Pensions Act 1908, which set the initial retirement age at 70 before it being reduced to 65 for men and 60 for women with the passage of the National Insurance Act 1946.
The United States adopted an initial retirement age of 65, under the bill of the Social Security Act of 1935. By the mid-20th century, almost all countries had adopted a retirement age.
Political considerations
Policymakers usually consider the demography, fiscal cost of aging, health, life expectancy, nature of the profession, supply of labor force, and more, while taking the retirement age into account.[4] The increase in life expectancy is used in some jurisdictions as an argument to increase the age of retirement in the 21st century.[5][6]
Retirement age by country and region
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Many of the countries listed in the table below are in the process of reforming retirement ages. The current trend in many countries is that the retirement age will increase gradually.
Many European Union member states apply a retirement age of 65 years in the 2020s.[7] This is to be increased to 67 years in most countries by 2030.[7]
In some countries, one's year of birth determines their age of retirement. For example, in the United States as of 2024, while a person born before 1955 can retire with social security benefits at the age of 66, those born after 1959 must be 67. Each year between 1955 and 1959 adds 2 months.[8] Many countries in Europe follow the same type of criteria, with one's age of retirement determined by their birth year, for example in Romania, women born in 1955 had their retirement age in 2015 set at age 60 whereas those born in 1958 could retire in 2019 at age 61 and those born in 1961 can retire in January 2023 at age 62.[9]
Land | Men | Women | Year | Notes | Ref |
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65 | 61 | 2020 | [10] | |
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65 | 60 | [11] | ||
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63 | 2011 | [10] | ||
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67 | 2023 | In Australia the retirement age was increased to 67 years in July 2023. | [12] | |
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65 | 60.5–65 | 2024 | In Austria, the retirement age for women is to be equalized to the retirement age for men (65) by 2033. | [7][10][13] |
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65 | 60 | 2017 | In Azerbaijan the retirement age is to be increased gradually to 65 years by 2021 (for men) and by 2027 (for women)[14] | [14] |
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63 | 58 | 2021 | By 2022, the age will be 63 for men and 58 for women.[15] | [16] |
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63 | 2013 | [17] | ||
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60–65 | 2019 | The legal retirement age (the age at which one can retire, regardless of career length) in Belgium is 65 in 2019. In 2025 it will be 66 and in 2030 it will be 67, both for women and men.
Early retirement is possible from 60 onwards with a career of at least 44 years, from 61 onwards with at least 43 years, or from 63 onwards with a career of at least 42 years. Some exceptions exist, mainly in the required number of years. A career year is considered if it contains at least 104 days (in full time equivalent). |
[18][19] | |
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65 | 2011 | [10] | ||
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65 | 62 | 2019 | Certain individuals, such as rural workers, teachers and police officers, have a lower minimum age.
Brazil also requires workers to have contributed to social security for a minimum amount of time before they become eligible to claim benefits. To start receiving partial benefits, all private-sector workers are required have contributed for at least 20 years (for men) or 15 years (for women). Public-sector workers are required to have contributed for at least 25 years. To receive full benefits all workers must have contributed for at least 40 years (for men) or 35 years (for women). |
[20] |
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65 | 2017 | [21] | ||
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64.083 | 61.167 | 2018 | In Bulgaria the retirement age is to be increased gradually and reach 65 years by 2029 for men and by 2037 for women. | [22] |
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50–60 | 2019 | The legal retirement age at which one (men or women) can retire is 60 with at least 20 years of coverage and at least 180 months of contributions, including 60 months in the last 10 years. Employment must cease.
Early retirement age is 50 with at least 20 years of coverage and at least 180 months of contributions, including 60 months in the last 10 years. The pension is payable abroad only under reciprocal agreement. |
[23] | |
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60 (on reduction), 65 standard retirement[24] | By law there is no mandatory retirement (an employer cannot force an employee to retire). The standard age to begin receiving a CPP retirement pension is when one attains age 65 (the month following the 65th birthday). However, one may receive a reduced CPP retirement pension as early as the month following the 60th birthday. Alternatively, one may receive an increased pension after reaching age 65. Canada also has a pension supplement with different rules called Old Age Security (OAS). | [24][25] | ||
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65 | 60 | [26] | ||
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60 | 50–55 | 2011 | The retirement age in China is currently 60 for men, 55 for female civil servants, and 50 for female workers.[27] | [28] |
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62 | 57 | 2014 | [29] | |
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65 | 62.75 | 2021 | By 2030 there will be an equal age for women and men set at 65. | [30] |
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65 | 60 | 2015 | The retirement age threshold was increased by 5 years in 2015 | [31] |
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65 | 2011 | [10][13] | ||
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64 years 2 months | 2024 | By 2030 there will be an equal age for women and men set at 65.
For women, having children reduce the retirement age depending on number of children. |
[7] | |
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67 | 2024 | From 2030 onwards, retirement age will be linked to life expectancy. | [32][33][7][13][16] | |
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60 | 2015 | |||
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64 years 9 months | 2024 | By 2027, retirement age will be linked to the average life expectancy. Having children may reduce the retirement age by 3–5 years. | [13][16][7] | |
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64.5–69 | 2024 | Flexible retirement age: 64–69 years, national pension 65 years. In 2030, the retirement age will be linked to life expectancy. | [13][7] | |
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62–67 | 2018 | The minimal retirement age has gradually increased from 60 to 62 years by 2018. | [10][13] | |
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65 | 60 | 2011 | [10] | |
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60–67 | 2021 | In Germany the retirement age is to be increased gradually and reach 67 years by 2029. For a long time the most common mandatory retirement age was 65, although in East Germany it was 60. | [13][16][7] | |
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67 | 2021 | [7] | ||
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60–65 | 2017 | Retirement age 65. Early retirement possible between the ages of 60 and 64. Some disciplined services staff of the government have lower retirement age.[34] | [35][36][37] | |
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65 | 2021 | The age was 63 in 2018, but was raised to 65 by 2022.[7] Women with 40 years of insurance can retire at any age.[38] | [7] | |
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67 | 2007 | [16] | ||
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60–65 | 2014 | In the public sector, the retirement age is 60, 62 in Indian Railways, 62 for the chiefs of army/navy/air force staff (or 3 years of service whichever is earlier), 62 for high court judges, 65 for the chief of defence staff (or 3 years of service whichever is earlier), and 65 for supreme Court judges.[39] while in the private sector it depends on the individual company and the maximum being 65. | ||
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58 | 2022 | In Indonesia, provisions relating to pensions are regulated in Government Regulation Number 45 of 2015 Article 15 concerning the Implementation of the Pension Guarantee Program, in PP 45/2015 the following matters are regulated:
For the first time the Retirement Age is set at 56 (fifty six years). Starting January 1, 2019, the retirement age as referred to in paragraph (1) will be 57 (fifty seven) years. The Retirement Age as referred to in paragraph (2) is further increased by 1 (one) year for every subsequent 3 (three) years until it reaches the Retirement Age of 65 (sixty five) years. By referring to the regulation, the retirement age limit in Indonesia is 58 years in 2022 and will reach the maximum retirement age limit, which is 65 years in 2043. |
[40] | |
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60 | 55 | 2018 | ||
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60 | 2014 | [41] | ||
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66 | 2021 | In Ireland the retirement age is to be increased gradually and reach 68 years by 2028.[7] | [10][13][16] | |
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67 | 65 | 2022 | In Israel the retirement age for women is to be increased gradually and reach 65 by 2032.[42] | [43] |
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62–67 | 2021 | Must have paid contributions for at least 20 years (At 67 years and 3 months). Those who have paid contributions for at least 41 years can retire at 62. Those who have paid contributions for at least 41 years and 10 months (women) or 42 years and 10 months (men) can retire regardless of age. |
[44] | |
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64 | 62 | 2022 | [45] | While the government is at it with early retirement prevention, the age is expected to increase gradually to 65 years of age by 2025.[7][46] |
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63 | 58 | 2015 | From 2017 the retirement age for women is to be increased gradually and reach 63 years in 2027[47] | |
Kosovo | 65 | 65 | 2014 | [48] | |
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63 | 58 | 2011 | [10] | |
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64 | 2021 | The age will be 65 by 2025.[7] | [7] | |
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65 | 60 | 2017 | [49] | |
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64 | 2007 | [16] | ||
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64.167 | 63.333 | 2021 | In Lithuania, the retirement age will be raised to 65 for both men and women by 2026.[7] | [7][50] |
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65 | 2011 | [10] | ||
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60 | 2013 | In Malaysia, The Congress of Unions of Employees in the Public and Civil Services (Cuepacs) wants the government to consider extending the retirement age for civil servants from 60 to 62,[51] but the government has no immediate plan to extend it as the current retirement age is deemed as sufficient.[52] | [53] | |
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63 | 2021 | In Malta the retirement age is being increased gradually to 65 years by 2027.[7] | [7] | |
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65 | 2015 | Retirement age is expected to be increased in the coming years. | ||
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63 | 60 | 2022 | Retirement age for women is increasing every 6 months until it reaches 63 years in 2028 | [54] |
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66 | 64 | 2022 | [10] | |
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63 | 2014 | Abdelilah Benkirane increased the retirement age to 63 since 2015. | ||
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50–60 | 2015 | The early retirement age for public employees is 55 years, but will be reduced to 50 years (in 2016). | [55][56] | |
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65 | 2021 | |||
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67 | 2024 | 67 to be increased to 67 years 3 months in 2028. AOW (Algemene Ouderdomswet, meaning General Old Age Law) eligibility is tied to life expectancy. | [7][57] | |
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65 | 2019 | [58] | ||
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60 | 55 | 1999 | [59] | |
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64 | 62 | 2011 | [10] | |
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62–67 | 2018 | The general retirement age is currently set to age 67 however, given sufficient pension contributions it is possible to retire as early as at age 62. The longer an individual postpones withdrawing a pension, the greater the government pension provision becomes. | [60] | |
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60 | 55 | 2023 | The age is 60. | |
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60 | 2012 | [61] | ||
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60 | 2018 | |||
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60 | 1990 | The retirement age for an employee depends on the employment contract. Upon retirement, the retired employee should be given his/her benefits according to the agreement or contract between the employer and the employee. However, if there is no existing retirement plan or agreement for the employee, he/she may retire at the age of 60, given that he/she has served the employer for 5 years, and shall be given a retirement pay of at least half a month's salary for every year of service (6 months of work given is considered as 1 whole year for the retirement pay). | [62][63] | |
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65 | 60 | 2016 | [7] | |
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66.5 | 2021 | [64][7] | ||
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65 | 62 | 2023 | The age for women is being increased gradually. It will reach 63 by 2030, 64 in 2033 and 65 in 2035, and then will be linked to life expectancy. | [65] |
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63 | 58 | 2024 | From 2019 the retirement age for men (women) would gradually increase from 60 (55) to 65 (60) years by 2028; first it was intended to hike the age for women to 63 but later the plan was softened. | [66][67] |
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60 | 2014 | In Saudi Arabia, the retirement age is based on the Hijiri (lunar) calendar. | [68] | |
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65 | 63.5 | 2023 | Both men and women can retire when they reach their respective retirement age and have at least 15 years of insurance coverage. Or, have 45 years of insurance coverage regardless of age. The retirement age for women is increased by 2 months every year and it will be the same as for men, 65 in 2032. | [10] |
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62–65 | 2012 | In Singapore, the Retirement Age Act (RAA) has been replaced by the Retirement and Re-employment Act (RRA) in 2012. Under the RRA, the statutory minimum retirement age is still 62, but employers are now required to offer re-employment to eligible employees who turn 62, up to the age of 65. The bill will gradually increase the retirement and re-employment ages for Singapore employees to 65 and 70 years old, respectively. By 2030, the retirement age will have been increased to 65 and the re-employment age will have been raised to 70, in a step-by-step approach. | [69][70] | |
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62 | 2017 | In Slovakia the retirement age for women depends on the number of children.[71] The retirement age will be equalized for men and women at 62 in 2017. The retirement age as of October 2022 is 63 years with the conditions. [7] | [13] | |
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65 | 2021 | [7] | ||
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60 | 2016 | Employers with more than 300 employees are required to extend the retiring age to 60. From 1 January 2017, it will be mandatory for all employers nationwide.[72] | ||
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66.5 | 2024 | [7] | The age will be 67 by 2027.[10][13] | |
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55 | 2014 | [73] | ||
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63–69 | 2024 | 64-67 is the general age of retirement by 2023 if you are born 1963 or later. | [74][75][7] | |
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65 | 64 | 2021 | 65 for women by January 2025. | [7] |
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66 | 2015 | In Taiwan the retirement age is to be increased gradually and reach 68 years by 2028.[7] | [10][13][16] | |
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63 | 58 | 2011 | [10] | |
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60 | 2015 | except a president of a university can work beyond 60 years | ||
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60–65 | 2015 | [76] | ||
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62–65 | 2019 | |||
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62 | 57 | 2011 | [10] | |
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60 | 58 | 2014 | Retirement age was gradually increased since the 1970s, from 44 for men and 38 for women.[77] Originally, there was no exact retirement age. Current ages will increase to 65 for both genders by 2048. Additionally, various minimum days of service is required, which is currently 7000 days. It will become 7200 days (20 years) by 2048. One is subject to the laws on the day he/she started working. | [78] |
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60 | 2021 | [10][79] | ||
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65 | 2010 | In the United Arab Emirates the mandatory retirement age was raised from 60 to 65 in 2010, enabling the UAE to retain its needed expat skilled work force longer for key construction projects.[80] | ||
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66 | 2020 | State pension age increased to 66 in 2020, and will go up to 67 by 2028,[81] and to 68 by 2037.[82] |
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(A) Earliest age is 62 (on 25 to 30% reduction) (B) Standard - 66–69 (C) Delayment in receiving benefits out until aged 70, +25% increase[8] |
2024 | The Social Security Administration, is the Government agency responsible for social services in the United States. Pension age in the United States is determined on one's birth year, the earliest a person can retire is 62, but benefits for a single may be a 25% to 30% reduction, as the full benefit amount (100%) is for retirees is 66, however if a prospective retiree delays taking out Government benefits until 70, the full pension amount is increased (125%). |
[8] | |
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60–70 | 2009 | 60 years and 30 working years minimum (1995), or 65 years and 25 working years and progressive to 70 in age and 15 working years (2009). | ||
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60 | 55 | 2011 | [10] | |
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60 | 55 | 2015 | [83] | |
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60.5 | 55.67 | 2022 | The retirement age will gradually increase to 62 for males by 2028 and 60 for females by 2035. In 2021, the retirement age is 60.25 (age 60 and 3 months) for men and 50.33 (age 50 and 4 months) for women, the age will be increased by 3 months each year following for men and 4 months for women. | [84] |
The average of statutory retirement age in the 34 countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 2014 was males 65 years and females 63.5 years, but the tendency all over the world is to increase the retirement age.[85] This is also reflected by the findings that just over half the Asian investors surveyed region-wide said they agreed with raising the retirement age, with a quarter disagreeing and the remainder undecided.[86]
Reform
Reforms tend to be phased in slowly when the retirement age (or pension age) is increased with grandfathering, ensuring a gradual change. In contrast, when the age of retirement is decreased, changes are often brought about rapidly.[87]
One of such examples of grandfathering is the transitional pension rules, which were applied for staff aged 54 years or older, and to some extent, for all staff in place, when in 2014, the retirement age of European civil servants was increased to 66 years of age.[88]
Men retire either later than women or at the same time. This is being addressed in some countries, where the retirement ages are being equalized.
See also
- Population ageing
- Pension
- Retirement
- Retirement in Europe
- Mandatory retirement
- History of retirement
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