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{{Short description|Geographic region in North Maharashtra, India}}
{{for|the administrative division of Bombay presidency of British India|Khandesh district}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2015}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox region
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Khandesh
| name = Khandesh
⚫
| settlement_type = Region
| other_name =
| image_skyline = Purna river of Muktainagar in Jalgaon, Maharashtra.jpg
⚫
| settlement_type = [[Historical region]]
| image_alt =
| image_skyline = Banks of river Tapi at Mudawad.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Panoramic view of Purna river near [[Muktainagar]]
| image_flag =
| image_caption = Landscape of the [[Tapti River|Tapi River]] in [[Dhule district]].
| image_flag =
| flag_alt =
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| image_map = Khandesh region.png
| image_map = Khandesh region.png
| map_alt =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Blue: Khandesh in Maharashtra <br>
| map_caption = Blue: Khandesh in Maharashtra <br>
Light Blue: Khandesh in Madhya Pradesh (Burhanpur)
Light Blue: Khandesh in Madhya Pradesh (Burhanpur)
| pushpin_map =
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⚫
| coordinates_footnotes =
| coor_pinpoint =
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| subdivision_type = Country
⚫
| coordinates_footnotes =
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| subdivision_name = [[India]]
⚫
| subdivision_type = Country
⚫
| subdivision_type1 = State
⚫
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
⚫
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]] {{citation needed|date=September 2023}}
⚫
| subdivision_type1 = State
⚫
| subdivision_type2 = Districts
⚫
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]]
⚫
| subdivision_name2 = 1] [[Jalgaon District|Jalgaon]]<br />2] [[Dhule District|Dhule]]<br />3]
⚫
| subdivision_type2 = Districts
[[Nandurbar District|Nandurbar]]<br />4] [[Burhanpur District|Burhanpur]]
⚫
| subdivision_name2 = 1] [[Jalgaon]]<br />2] [[Dhule]]<br />3]
⚫
| subdivision_type3 = Largest City
[[Nandurbar]]
⚫
| subdivision_name3 = [[Jalgaon]]
⚫
| subdivision_type3 = Largest City
⚫
| subdivision_type4 = Languages
⚫
| subdivision_name3 = [[Jalgaon]]
⚫
| subdivision_name4 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Khandeshi language|Khandeshi]]
⚫
| subdivision_type4 = Languages
⚫
| subdivision_name4 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion -->
<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion -->
<!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->| area_footnotes =
<!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->| area_footnotes =
| area_urban_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </ref> -->
| area_urban_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </ref> -->
| area_rural_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </ref> -->
| area_rural_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </ref> -->
| area_metro_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </ref> -->
| area_metro_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </ref> -->
| area_magnitude = <!-- <ref> </ref> -->
| area_magnitude = <!-- <ref> </ref> -->
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| area_water_percent =
| area_water_percent =
| area_rank =
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| area_blank1_title =
| area_rank =
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| area_blank2_title = <!-- square kilometers -->
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| area_blank1_title =
| area_total_km2 =
⚫
| area_blank2_title = <!-- square kilometers -->
| area_total_km2 =
| area_land_km2 =
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
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| area_urban_km2 =
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| area_blank2_km2 = <!-- hectares -->
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| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 240
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| population_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 240
⚫
| population_total =
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| population_footnotes =
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| population_as_of =
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| population_total =
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| population_density_km2 = auto
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| population_as_of =
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| population_demonym = Khandeshi
⚫
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_note =
⚫
| population_demonym = Khandeshi
| population_note =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| timezone1 =
| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
| utc_offset1 =
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| utc_offset1_DST =
| utc_offset = +5:30
| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
| footnotes =
}}
}}
[[File:India Khandesh locator map.svg|thumb|Area comprising the Khandesh region of Maharashtra.]]
[[File:India Khandesh locator map.svg|thumb|Area comprising the Khandesh region of Maharashtra.]]
[[File:Khandesh Map.jpg|thumb|Khandesh Map]]
[[File:Khandesh Map.jpg|thumb|Khandesh Map]]


'''Khandesh''' is a geographic region in [[Central India]], which forms the northwestern portion of [[Maharashtra]] state.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.khandesh.com/info/ |title=Welcome to Khandesh! |publisher=Khandesh.com |access-date=2010-08-01}}</ref>
'''Khandesh''' is a geographic region in Maharashtra, India. It was made up of present [[Jalgaon district|Jalgaon]], [[Dhule district|Dhule]] and [[Nandurbar district|Nandurbar]] districts.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |url=https://censusindia.gov.in |title=District census handbook Jalgaon |publisher=Directorate of census operations Maharashtra |year=2014 |location=Mumbai |language=en |format=PDF |access-date=March 9, 2023 }}</ref> It also said that [[Burhanpur district|Burhanpur District]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]] was also its part.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.khandesh.com/info/ |title=Welcome to Khandesh! |publisher=Khandesh.com |access-date=2010-08-01}}</ref>{{Dubious|date=September 2023|reason=[[Burahanpur district]] was part of Khandesh? I don't think so, please verify source?}}

The region have seen many geographical changes, in 1906 its [[Khandesh district|eponymous district]] was bifurcated to form two new districts that is West Khandesh, East Khandesh district; [[Dhule]] and [[Jalgaon]] are their headquarters respectively. In 1990s West Khandesh further divided to form a new, district Nandurbar.<ref name=":3" />

The use of the [[Khandeshi language]] is prevalent in this region, and the language itself derives its name from the name of the region. This language is sometimes considered as a dialect of [[Marathi language|Marathi]] due to its mutual intelligibility with it, and hence has lower numbers in the census due to people opting their language as Marathi instead.{{Original research inline|date=September 2023}} This region is famous for banana agriculture and is a leading producer of it.<ref>{{Cite book |title=कंत्राटी ग्रामसेवक परीक्षा मार्गदर्शक |year=2021 |location=[[Latur]] |language=mr}}</ref>


== Geography ==
== Geography ==
Khandesh lies in [[Western India]] on the northwestern corner of the [[Maharashtra]], in the valley of the [[Tapti River]]. It is bounded to the north by the [[Satpura Range]], to the east by the [[Berar Division|Berar]] ([[Amravati division|Varhad]]) region, to the south by the Hills of Ajanta (belonging to the Marathwada region of Maharashtra), and to the west by the northernmost ranges of the [[Western Ghats]].
Khandesh lies in [[Western India]] on the northwestern corner of the [[Maharashtra]], in the valley of the [[Tapti River]]. It is bounded to the north by the [[Satpura Range]], to the east by the [[Berar Division|Berar]] ([[Amravati division|Varhad]]) region, to the south by the Hills of Ajanta (belonging to the Marathwada region of Maharashtra), and to the west by the northernmost ranges of the [[Western Ghats]].


The principal natural feature is the [[Tapi River, India|Tapi River]].<ref name=":2" /> Unlike the rest of the Deccan, whose rivers rise in the Western Ghats and flow eastward to the [[Bay of Bengal]], the Tapi flows westward from headwaters in southern Madhya Pradesh to empty into the [[Arabian Sea]]. The Tapi receives thirteen principal tributaries in its course through Khandesh. None of these rivers is navigable, and the Tapi flows in a deep bed which historically made it difficult to use for irrigation. Most of Khandesh lies south of the Tapi and is drained by its tributaries: the [[Girna River|Girna]], Bori and [[Panzara|Panjhra]]. The alluvial plain north of the Tapi contains some of the richest tracts in Khandesh, and the land rises towards the Satpuda hills. In the centre and east, the country is level, save for some low ranges of barren hills. To the north and west, the plain rises into rugged hills, thickly wooded, and inhabited by members of the [[Bhil]] tribe ex.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Khandesh, East and West|volume=15|page=771}}</ref>
The principal natural feature is the [[Tapti River]].<ref name=":2" /> Unlike the rest of the Deccan, whose rivers rise in the Western Ghats and flow eastward to the [[Bay of Bengal]], the Tapti flows westward from headwaters in southern Madhya Pradesh to empty into the [[Arabian Sea]]. The Tapti receives thirteen principal tributaries in its course through Khandesh. None of these rivers is navigable, and the Tapti flows in a deep bed which historically made it difficult to use for irrigation. Most of Khandesh lies south of the Tapti and is drained by its tributaries: the [[Girna River|Girna]], Bori, and [[Panzara|Panjhra]]. The alluvial plain north of the Tapti contains some of the richest tracts in Khandesh, and the land rises towards the Satpuda hills. In the centre and east, the country is level, save for some low ranges of barren hills. To the north and west, the plain rises into rugged hills, thickly wooded, and inhabited by members of the [[Bhil]] tribe.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Khandesh, East and West|volume=15|page=771}}</ref>


== History ==
== History ==
===Ancient history===
The [[Markandeya Purana]] and [[Jain literature]] interestingly describe Khanadesh region as [[Abhira Kingdom|Abhiradesa]]. The rule of the [[Abhira tribe|Abhiras]] over this region is not only evident from the epigraphs but from the oral traditions also. A tradition of [[Nandurbar]] (Kandesh) presents before us an interesting account of an [[Ahir]] Raja Nanda, who fought the Turks.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GuRhzIHvehAC |title=Journal of the Oriental Institute, M.S. University of Barida, Baroda |date=1985 |publisher=Oriental Institute |language=en}}</ref>


=== Delhi dynasties ===
=== Delhi dynasties ===
In 1295, Khandesh was under the [[Chauhan]] ruler of [[Asirgarh Fort|Asirgarh]] when [[Ala-ud-din Khilji]] of Delhi wrested control.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001869096|title=Imperial Gazetteer of India|publisher=Superintendent of Government Printing|year=1909|volume=Provincial Series: Bombay Presidency Vol. 1|location=Calcutta}}</ref>{{Rp|418}} Various Delhi dynasties controlled Khandesh over the next century.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|418}} From 1370 to 1600, the [[Faruqi dynasty]] ruled Khandesh with the capital at [[Burhanpur]].<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|418}} The foundation of Khandesh as an independent kingdom was laid by [[Farooqi dynasty#Malik Raja|Malik Raja]], son of Khanjahan Faurki. [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq]] (1309{{snd}}20 September 1388) had initially appointed Malik Raja as the commander-in-chief of Khandesh region, but he declared himself independent after the death of Firoz Tughlaq and ruled until 1399.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Historical Atlas|last=Goyal|first=S. P.|publisher=Upkar|isbn=978-81-7482-752-4|location=Agra|pages=68}}</ref>
In 1295, Khandesh was under the [[Chauhan dynasty|Chauhan]] ruler of [[Asirgarh Fort|Asirgarh]] when [[Ala-ud-din Khilji]] of Delhi wrested control.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001869096|title=Imperial Gazetteer of India|publisher=Superintendent of Government Printing|year=1909|volume=Provincial Series: Bombay Presidency Vol. 1|location=Calcutta}}</ref>{{Rp|418}} Various Delhi dynasties controlled Khandesh over the next century,<ref name=":1" /> until Khandesh gained independence as the [[Khandesh Sultanate]] in the late 14th century, established by [[Farooqui dynasty#Malik Ahmad Farooqui|Malik Raja]] as the Farooqui dynasty.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Majumdar |editor1-first=R. C. |editor1-link=R. C. Majumdar |editor2-last=Pusalker |editor2-first=A. D. |editor3-last=Majumdar |editor3-first=A. K. |title=The Delhi Sultanate |url=https://archive.org/details/delhisultanate0006rcma/page/367/mode/1up |year=1980 |orig-year=First published 1960 |series=The History and Culture of the Indian People |volume=VI |edition=3rd |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |location=Bombay |oclc=664485 |pages=169–170}}</ref>


=== Mughal rule ===
=== Mughal rule ===
The [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] arrived in 1599, when Akbar's army overran Khandesh and captured [[Asirgarh Fort|Asirgarh]].<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|418}} For a period of time, Khandesh was renamed as Dandesh in recognition of Akbar's son [[Daniyal Mirza|Daniyal]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rbUBAAAAYAAJ|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency|publisher=Government Central Press|year=1880|volume=XII: Khandesh|location=Bombay}}</ref>[[Daniyal|{{Rp|248}}]] {{circa|1640}}, [[Todar Mal]]'s revenue settlement system was introduced in Khandesh by [[Shah Jahan]] (this system was used until British rule in 1818).<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|250}} The mid-17th century has been described as the time of Khandesh's "highest prosperity" owing to trade in cotton, rice, indigo, sugarcane, and cloth.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|250}} Mughal rule lasted until the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] captured Asirgarh in 1760.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|418}}
The [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] arrived in 1599, when Akbar's army overran Khandesh and captured [[Asirgarh Fort|Asirgarh]].<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|418}} For a period of time, Khandesh was renamed as Dandesh in recognition of Akbar's son [[Daniyal Mirza|Daniyal]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rbUBAAAAYAAJ|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency|publisher=Government Central Press|year=1880|volume=XII: Khandesh|location=Bombay}}</ref>[[Daniyal|{{Rp|248}}]] {{circa|1640}}, [[Todar Mal]]'s revenue settlement system was introduced in Khandesh by [[Shah Jahan]] (this system was used until British rule in 1818).<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|250}} The mid-17th century has been described as the time of Khandesh's "highest prosperity" owing to trade in cotton, rice, indigo, sugarcane, and cloth.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|250}} Mughal rule lasted until the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] captured Asirgarh in 1760.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|418}}


During Mughal rule [[Burhanpur]] was the capital of the Khandesh. It was a province in their rule. Early in December 1670 Maratha forces under Prataprao maid a raid into Khandesh. They advanced in rapid marches and plundered Bahadarpur, a village near Burhanpur, it is 2 miles away from the city. But didn't attacked Burhanpur.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |title=Shivaji And His Times |publisher=Longmans, Green and co. |year=1919 |edition=First |location=London |pages=206, 207 |language=Eng}}</ref>
During Mughal rule, [[Burhanpur]] was the capital of the [[Subah|Khandesh Subah]], an administrative provincial division of the Mughal Empire. Early in December 1670, Maratha forces under Prataprao made a raid into Khandesh. They advanced in rapid marches and plundered Bahadarpur, a village near Burhanpur 2 miles away from the city. But they didn't attack Burhanpur.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |title=Shivaji And His Times |publisher=Longmans, Green and co. |year=1919 |edition=First |location=London |pages=206, 207 |language=en}}</ref>


=== Maratha rule ===
=== Maratha rule ===
Maratha raids into Khandesh began in 1670 and the following century was a period of unrest as Mughals and Marathas competed for control.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|418}} In 1760, the [[Peshwa]] ousted the Mughal ruler and gained control of Khandesh, following which portions were granted to [[Holkar]] and [[Scindia]] rulers.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|418}} [[Baji Rao II]] surrendered to the British in June 1818, but sporadic war continued in Khandesh which was among the last of the Peshwa's former territories to come under complete [[British Raj|British control]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=79sS_w_bOQYC|title=John Briggs in Maharashtra: A Study of District Administration Under Early British Rule|last=Deshpande|first=Arvind M.|publisher=Mittal Publications|year=1987|location=Delhi}}</ref>{{Rp|9}}
Maratha raids into Khandesh began in 1670 and the following century was a period of unrest as Mughals and Marathas competed for control.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|418}} In 1760, the [[Peshwa]] ousted the Mughal ruler and gained control of Khandesh, following which portions were granted to [[House of Holkar|Holkar]] and [[Scindia]] rulers.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|418}} [[Baji Rao II]] surrendered to the British in June 1818, but sporadic war continued in Khandesh which was among the last of the Peshwa's former territories to come under complete [[British Raj|British control]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=79sS_w_bOQYC|title=John Briggs in Maharashtra: A Study of District Administration Under Early British Rule|last=Deshpande|first=Arvind M.|publisher=Mittal Publications|year=1987|location=Delhi}}</ref>{{Rp|9}}


=== British rule ===
=== British rule ===
Line 113: Line 119:
=== Independent India ===
=== Independent India ===
After India's independence in 1947, Bombay province became [[Bombay State]], and in 1960 was divided into the linguistic states of [[Maharashtra]] and [[Gujarat]]. East Khandesh became [[Jalgaon district]], and West Khandesh became [[Dhule district]], both in Maharashtra state.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Commercial Activities and Rural Development in South Asia: A Geographical Study|last=Jamkar|first=A.G.|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|year=1988|isbn=81-7022-194-3|editor-last=Shrivastava|editor-first=V.K.|location=New Delhi|pages=134|chapter=Origin and Evolution of Periodic Market Places in Dhule District (Maharashtra)}}</ref> The latter was further divided into [[Dhule district|Dhule]] and [[Nandurbar district]]s.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=An Inventory on Agrobiodiversity and Homestead Gardens in Tribal Tehsils of Khandesh Maharashtra|last=Patil|first=M.V.|publisher=North Maharashtra University|year=2015|pages=Chapter 6–1|hdl = 10603/136532}}</ref>
After India's independence in 1947, Bombay province became [[Bombay State]], and in 1960 was divided into the linguistic states of [[Maharashtra]] and [[Gujarat]]. East Khandesh became [[Jalgaon district]], and West Khandesh became [[Dhule district]], both in Maharashtra state.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Commercial Activities and Rural Development in South Asia: A Geographical Study|last=Jamkar|first=A.G.|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|year=1988|isbn=81-7022-194-3|editor-last=Shrivastava|editor-first=V.K.|location=New Delhi|pages=134|chapter=Origin and Evolution of Periodic Market Places in Dhule District (Maharashtra)}}</ref> The latter was further divided into [[Dhule district|Dhule]] and [[Nandurbar district]]s.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=An Inventory on Agrobiodiversity and Homestead Gardens in Tribal Tehsils of Khandesh Maharashtra|last=Patil|first=M.V.|publisher=North Maharashtra University|year=2015|pages=Chapter 6–1|hdl = 10603/136532}}</ref>
This region has a population of 8,686,921 people (including Burhanpur district of MP) as of 2011 Census.


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Khandesh Agency]]
* [[Khandesh Agency]]
* [[Abhiras of Bhambhagiri]]


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 04:05, 26 July 2024

For the administrative division of Bombay presidency of British India, see Khandesh district.

Khandesh
Region
Panoramic view of Purna river near Muktainagar
Panoramic view of Purna river near Muktainagar
Blue: Khandesh in Maharashtra Light Blue: Khandesh in Madhya Pradesh (Burhanpur)
Blue: Khandesh in Maharashtra
Light Blue: Khandesh in Madhya Pradesh (Burhanpur)
LandIndien
StateMaharashtra and Madhya Pradesh [citation needed]
Districts1] Jalgaon
2] Dhule
3] Nandurbar
4] Burhanpur
Largest CityJalgaon
LanguagesMarathi, Khandeshi
Elevation
240 m (790 ft)
DemonymKhandeshi
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Area comprising the Khandesh region of Maharashtra.
Khandesh Map

Khandesh is a geographic region in Maharashtra, India. It was made up of present Jalgaon, Dhule and Nandurbar districts.[1] It also said that Burhanpur District of Madhya Pradesh was also its part.[2][dubious – discuss]

The region have seen many geographical changes, in 1906 its eponymous district was bifurcated to form two new districts that is West Khandesh, East Khandesh district; Dhule and Jalgaon are their headquarters respectively. In 1990s West Khandesh further divided to form a new, district Nandurbar.[1]

The use of the Khandeshi language is prevalent in this region, and the language itself derives its name from the name of the region. This language is sometimes considered as a dialect of Marathi due to its mutual intelligibility with it, and hence has lower numbers in the census due to people opting their language as Marathi instead.[original research?] This region is famous for banana agriculture and is a leading producer of it.[3]

Geography

Khandesh lies in Western India on the northwestern corner of the Maharashtra, in the valley of the Tapti River. It is bounded to the north by the Satpura Range, to the east by the Berar (Varhad) region, to the south by the Hills of Ajanta (belonging to the Marathwada region of Maharashtra), and to the west by the northernmost ranges of the Western Ghats.

The principal natural feature is the Tapti River.[4] Unlike the rest of the Deccan, whose rivers rise in the Western Ghats and flow eastward to the Bay of Bengal, the Tapti flows westward from headwaters in southern Madhya Pradesh to empty into the Arabian Sea. The Tapti receives thirteen principal tributaries in its course through Khandesh. None of these rivers is navigable, and the Tapti flows in a deep bed which historically made it difficult to use for irrigation. Most of Khandesh lies south of the Tapti and is drained by its tributaries: the Girna, Bori, and Panjhra. The alluvial plain north of the Tapti contains some of the richest tracts in Khandesh, and the land rises towards the Satpuda hills. In the centre and east, the country is level, save for some low ranges of barren hills. To the north and west, the plain rises into rugged hills, thickly wooded, and inhabited by members of the Bhil tribe.[5]

History

Ancient history

The Markandeya Purana and Jain literature interestingly describe Khanadesh region as Abhiradesa. The rule of the Abhiras over this region is not only evident from the epigraphs but from the oral traditions also. A tradition of Nandurbar (Kandesh) presents before us an interesting account of an Ahir Raja Nanda, who fought the Turks.[6]

Delhi dynasties

In 1295, Khandesh was under the Chauhan ruler of Asirgarh when Ala-ud-din Khilji of Delhi wrested control.[7]: 418  Various Delhi dynasties controlled Khandesh over the next century,[7] until Khandesh gained independence as the Khandesh Sultanate in the late 14th century, established by Malik Raja as the Farooqui dynasty.[8]

Mughal rule

The Mughals arrived in 1599, when Akbar's army overran Khandesh and captured Asirgarh.[7]: 418  For a period of time, Khandesh was renamed as Dandesh in recognition of Akbar's son Daniyal.[9]: 248  c. 1640, Todar Mal's revenue settlement system was introduced in Khandesh by Shah Jahan (this system was used until British rule in 1818).[9]: 250  The mid-17th century has been described as the time of Khandesh's "highest prosperity" owing to trade in cotton, rice, indigo, sugarcane, and cloth.[9]: 250  Mughal rule lasted until the Marathas captured Asirgarh in 1760.[7]: 418 

During Mughal rule, Burhanpur was the capital of the Khandesh Subah, an administrative provincial division of the Mughal Empire. Early in December 1670, Maratha forces under Prataprao made a raid into Khandesh. They advanced in rapid marches and plundered Bahadarpur, a village near Burhanpur 2 miles away from the city. But they didn't attack Burhanpur.[10]

Maratha rule

Maratha raids into Khandesh began in 1670 and the following century was a period of unrest as Mughals and Marathas competed for control.[7]: 418  In 1760, the Peshwa ousted the Mughal ruler and gained control of Khandesh, following which portions were granted to Holkar and Scindia rulers.[7]: 418  Baji Rao II surrendered to the British in June 1818, but sporadic war continued in Khandesh which was among the last of the Peshwa's former territories to come under complete British control.[11]: 9 

British rule

Khandesh District (1878)

Khandesh was a district in the Bombay Presidency.[12] In 1906, the district was divided into two districts: East Khandesh, headquartered at Jalgaon, had an area of 11,770 km2 (4,544 sq mi), while West Khandesh, headquartered at Dhule, had an area of 14,240 km2 (5,497 sq mi); their respective populations were 957,728 and 469,654 in 1901.[13]

Independent India

After India's independence in 1947, Bombay province became Bombay State, and in 1960 was divided into the linguistic states of Maharashtra and Gujarat. East Khandesh became Jalgaon district, and West Khandesh became Dhule district, both in Maharashtra state.[14] The latter was further divided into Dhule and Nandurbar districts.[4] This region has a population of 8,686,921 people (including Burhanpur district of MP) as of 2011 Census.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b District census handbook Jalgaon (PDF). Mumbai: Directorate of census operations Maharashtra. 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
  2. ^ "Welcome to Khandesh!". Khandesh.com. Retrieved 1 August 2010.
  3. ^ कंत्राटी ग्रामसेवक परीक्षा मार्गदर्शक (in Marathi). Latur. 2021.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ^ a b Patil, M.V. (2015). An Inventory on Agrobiodiversity and Homestead Gardens in Tribal Tehsils of Khandesh Maharashtra. North Maharashtra University. pp. Chapter 6–1. hdl:10603/136532.
  5. ^  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Khandesh, East and West". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 771.
  6. ^ Journal of the Oriental Institute, M.S. University of Barida, Baroda. Oriental Institute. 1985.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Imperial Gazetteer of India. Vol. Provincial Series: Bombay Presidency Vol. 1. Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing. 1909.
  8. ^ Majumdar, R. C.; Pusalker, A. D.; Majumdar, A. K., eds. (1980) [First published 1960]. The Delhi Sultanate. The History and Culture of the Indian People. Vol. VI (3rd ed.). Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. pp. 169–170. OCLC 664485.
  9. ^ a b c Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency. Vol. XII: Khandesh. Bombay: Government Central Press. 1880.
  10. ^ Sarkar, Jadunath (1919). Shivaji And His Times (First ed.). London: Longmans, Green and co. pp. 206, 207.
  11. ^ Deshpande, Arvind M. (1987). John Briggs in Maharashtra: A Study of District Administration Under Early British Rule. Delhi: Mittal Publications.
  12. ^ Census of India, 1911 (PDF). Vol. VII, Bombay: Part 1, Report. Bombay: Government Central Press. 1912. p. 1.
  13. ^ "Khandesh". Khandesh. Archived from the original on 21 October 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2010.
  14. ^ Jamkar, A.G. (1988). "Origin and Evolution of Periodic Market Places in Dhule District (Maharashtra)". In Shrivastava, V.K. (ed.). Commercial Activities and Rural Development in South Asia: A Geographical Study. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. p. 134. ISBN 81-7022-194-3.

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