Duke of Cleveland: Difference between revisions

Dukedom of Cleveland
Dukedom of Cleveland
	Blazon Arms: Quarterly: 1st and 4th Grand-Quarters, Sable, three Swords in pile points downwards proper (Powlett); 2nd Grand-Quarters, Azure, three sinister Gaunlets Or (Vane); 3rd Grand-Quarters, grand-quarterly, 1st & 4th, Azure, three Fleurs-de-lis Or (France); 2nd & 3rd, Gules, three Lions Or, armed and langued Azure (England); 2nd grand-quarter, Or, a Lion rampant Gules, within a Double-Tressure flory counter-flory Gules (Scotland); 3rd grand-quarter, Azure, a Harp Or, stringed Argent (Ireland); charged at the centre point with a Baton Sinister Ermine (FitzRoy). Crests: 1st: a Dexter Gauntlet proper, bossed and rimmed Or, brandishing a Sword proper (Vane); 2nd: On a Chapeau Gules, turned up Ermine, a Lion passant guardant Or, gorged with a Collar compony Ermine and Azure, and crowned with a Ducal Coronet Gold (FitzRoy). Supporters: Dexter: A Lion Guardant Or, ducally crowned Azure, and gorged with a Collar compony Ermine and Azure. The 4th Duke’s arms are surrounded by the circlet of the Order of the Garter
Creation date	29 January 1833
Erstellung	Second
Created by	King William IV
Peerage	Peerage of the United Kingdom
First holder	William Vane, 1st Marquess of Cleveland
Last holder	Harry Powlett, 4th Duke of Cleveland
Remainder to	1st Duke's heirs male of the body lawfully begotten
Subsidiary titles	Marquess of Cleveland; Earl of Darlington; Earl of Chichester; Viscount Barnard; Baron Barnard; Baron Raby; Baron Newbury
Status	Extinct
Extinction date	21 August 1891
Motto	NEC TEMERE NEC TIMERE ; (Neither rashly nor timidly)

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Duke of Cleveland was a title that was created twice, once in the Peerage of England and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The dukedoms were named after Cleveland in northern England.

The first creation in 1670 (along with the barony of Nonsuch and the earldom of Southampton) was for Barbara Castlemaine, a mistress of King Charles II. The dukedom was created with a special remainder allowing it to be inherited by her first son, Charles FitzRoy, and his heirs male, then by her third son, George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland, both being her illegitimate sons by Charles II. Charles FitzRoy was created Duke of Southampton in 1675 and inherited the dukedom of Cleveland in 1709.

His son William inherited both dukedoms in 1730. He died without heirs male in 1774. As there were no heirs male descended from George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland and the 1st Duchess of Cleveland's 2nd son (Henry Fitzroy, 1st Duke of Grafton) and his heirs male had not been made eligible to inherit the dukedom of Cleveland, the title became extinct.

The dukedom of Cleveland was created again on 29 January 1833 for William Vane, 3rd Earl of Darlington, along with the title Baron Raby.^[1] He was a great-grandson of Charles FitzRoy, the second Duke of the first creation, and had already been created Marquess of Cleveland on 5 October 1827.^[2] For more information on this creation, which became extinct in 1891, and the Vane family, see the Baron Barnard.

Dukes of Cleveland, first creation (1670)

The Dukes also held the titles of Countess of Southampton and Baroness Nonsuch, in the County of Surrey, created at the same time. The second and third Dukes also held the titles of Duke of Southampton, Earl of Chichester and Baron of Newbury, in the County of Berkshire (created 1675).

Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland (1641–1709), a mistress of Charles II
Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland, 1st Duke of Southampton (1662–1730), eldest (illegitimate) son of the 1st Duchess of Cleveland and Charles II
William FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Cleveland, 2nd Duke of Southampton (1698–1774), eldest son of the 2nd Duke of Cleveland. He died without issue, and his titles were extinct.

Dukes of Cleveland, second creation (1833)

Other titles held by these Dukes include Marquess of Cleveland (1827), Earl of Darlington, in the County of Durham and Viscount Barnard, of Barnard's Castle in the county of Durham (1754), Baron Barnard, of Barnard's Castle in the Bishopric of Durham (1698), and Baron Raby, of Raby Castle in the County Durham (1833).

William Harry Vane, 1st Duke of Cleveland (1766–1842), great-grandson of the above 2nd Duke
Henry Vane, 2nd Duke of Cleveland (1788–1864), eldest son of the 1st Duke
William John Frederick Vane, 3rd Duke of Cleveland (1792–1864), second son of the 1st Duke
Harry George Powlett, 4th Duke of Cleveland (1803–1891), youngest son of the 1st Duke. All of his titles except for Baron Barnard became extinct upon his death without issue.

Family tree

Family trees of the: Dukes of Cleveland, Dukes of Southampton, and Earls of Darlington, Barons Barnard, and subsidiary titles

Duke of Cleveland (1st creation), Earl of Southampton, Baron of Nonsuch, 1670

Baron Barnard, of Barnard Castle in the Bishopric of Durham

Barbara Palmer
1640–1709
1st Duchess of Cleveland, Countess of Southampton, and Baroness Nonsuch

King Charles II
1630–1685

Christopher Vane
1653–1723
1st Baron Barard

Ernest Augustus
1629–1698
Elector of Hanover

Duke of Southampton, Earl of Chichester (2nd creation), and Baron Newbury, 1675

Earl of Darlington (1st creation) and Viscount Barnard, 1722

Charles FitzRoy
1662–1730
2nd Duke of Cleveland, Earl of Southampton, and Baron Nonsuch,
1st Duke of Southampton, Earl of Chichester, and Baron Newbury

Henry Vane
1676–1676

Gilbert Vane
1678–1753
2nd Baron Barard

King George I
1660–1727

Sophia von Kielmansegg
1675–1725
Countess of Darlington, Countess of Leinster

Earldom of Darlington (1st creation) extinct, 1725

Earl of Darlington (2nd creation), 1754

William FitzRoy
1698–1774
3rd Duke of Cleveland, Earl of Southampton, and Baron Nonsuch,
2nd Duke of Southampton, Earl of Chichester, and Baron Newbury

Grace Fitzroy
1697–1763

Henry Vane
c. 1705–1758
1st Earl of Darlington
3rd Baron Barnard

Morgan Vane
1706–1779

Dukedoms of Cleveland (1st creation) and Southampton, and Marquess of Cleveland extinct, 1774

Henry Vane
1726–1792
2nd Earl of Darlington
4th Baron Barnard

Frederick Vane
1732–1801

Raby Vane
1736–1769

Morgan Vane
1737–1789

Marquess of Cleveland, 1827
Duke of Cleveland (2nd creation) and Baron Raby of Raby Castle in the County of Durham, 1833

William Harry Vane
1766–1842
1st Duke of Cleveland and Marquess of Cleveland,
3rd Earl of Darlington
5th Baron Barnard

John Vane
1788–1849

Henry Vane
1788–1864
2nd Duke of Cleveland and Marquess of Cleveland,
4th Earl of Darlington
6th Baron Barnard

William John Frederick Vane
1792–1864
3rd Duke of Cleveland and Marquess of Cleveland,
5th Earl of Darlington
7th Baron Barnard

Harry George Powlett
1803–1891
4th Duke of Cleveland and Marquess of Cleveland,
6th Earl of Darlington
8th Baron Barnard

Henry Vane
1808–1886

Dukedom of Cleveland (2nd creation), marquessate of Cleveland, and earldom of Darlington (2nd creation) declared extinct, 1891

Henry Vane
1854–1918
9th Baron Barnard

Henry Vane
1882–1917

Christopher Vane
1888–1964
10th Baron Barnard

Christopher Vane
1923–2016
11th Baron Barnard

Henry Vane
b. 1959
12th Baron Barnard

Henry Vane
b. 1990

References

^ "No. 19013". The London Gazette. 15 January 1833. p. 97.
^ "No. 18397". The London Gazette. 18 September 1827. p. 1955.
^ Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p. 115, which omits appaumée, useful in differentiating from Fane arms; concerning appaumée Cussans (1898) states: "In blazoning a Hand, besides stating what position it occupies, and whether it be the dexter or sinister, and erased or couped, it must be mentioned whether it be clenched or appaumé". (Cussans, John, Handbook of Heraldry, 2nd ed., London, 1868, p.47, p. 92)

[1] "No. 19013". The London Gazette. 15 January 1833. p. 97.

[2] "No. 18397". The London Gazette. 18 September 1827. p. 1955.

[3] Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p. 115, which omits appaumée, useful in differentiating from Fane arms; concerning appaumée Cussans (1898) states: "In blazoning a Hand, besides stating what position it occupies, and whether it be the dexter or sinister, and erased or couped, it must be mentioned whether it be clenched or appaumé". (Cussans, John, Handbook of Heraldry, 2nd ed., London, 1868, p.47, p. 92)

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{Infobox nobility title
 | name              = Dukedom of Cleveland
-| image             = [[File:Shield of arms of Harry Powlett, 4th Duke of Cleveland, KG.png|180px|Arms of the 4th Duke of Cleveland]]
+| image             = [[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|140px|centre]][[File:Arms of William Vane, 3rd Duke of Cleveland.svg |150px|centre]]
 | image_size        =
 | alt               =
@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 | heir_apparent     =
 | heir_presumptive  =
-| remainder_to      = The 1st Dukes’s [[heirs male of the body]] lawfully begotten
+| remainder_to      = 1st Duke's [[heirs male]] [[heirs of the body|of the body]] lawfully begotten
-| subsidiary_titles = Marquess of Cleveland <br> Earl of Darlington <br> Earl of Chichester<br>Viscount Barnard<br>Baron Barnard<br>Baron Raby <br> Baron Newbury
+| subsidiary_titles = Marquess of Cleveland<br/>Earl of Darlington<br/>Earl of Chichester<br/>Viscount Barnard<br/>Baron Barnard<br/>Baron Raby<br/>Baron Newbury
 | status            = Extinct
 | extinction_date   = 21 August 1891
@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 [[Image:Barbara Palmer (née Villiers), Duchess of Cleveland with her son, Charles Fitzroy, as Madonna and Child by Sir Peter Lely (2).jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland]], and her son [[Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland]]]]
-'''Duke of Cleveland''' is a title that has been created twice, once in the [[Peerage of England]] and once in the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]]. The dukedoms were named after [[Cleveland, England|Cleveland]] in northern England.
+'''Duke of Cleveland''' was a title that was created twice, once in the [[Peerage of England]] and once in the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]]. The dukedoms were named after [[Cleveland, England|Cleveland]] in northern England.
 The first creation in 1670 (along with the barony of Nonsuch and the earldom of Southampton) was for '''[[Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland|Barbara Castlemaine]]''', a mistress of [[Charles II of England|King Charles II]]. The dukedom was created with a special remainder allowing it to be inherited by her first son, [[Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland|Charles FitzRoy]], and his heirs male, then by her third son, [[George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland]], both being her [[illegitimacy|illegitimate]] sons by Charles II. Charles FitzRoy was created [[Duke of Southampton]] in 1675 and inherited the dukedom of Cleveland in 1709.
@@ Line 43: / Line 43: @@
 ==Dukes of Cleveland, first creation (1670)==
-:''Other titles (all): Countess of Southampton and Baroness Nonsuch, in the County of Surrey (1670)''
+The Dukes also held the titles of Countess of Southampton and Baroness Nonsuch, in the County of Surrey, created at the same time. The second and third Dukes also held the titles of Duke of Southampton, Earl of Chichester and Baron of Newbury, in the County of Berkshire (created 1675).
 *[[Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland]] (1641–1709), a mistress of [[Charles II of England|Charles II]]
-:''Other titles (2nd onwards): Duke of Southampton, Earl of Chichester and Baron of Newbury, in the County of Berkshire (1675)''
 *[[Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland]], 1st Duke of Southampton (1662–1730), eldest (illegitimate) son of the 1st Duchess of Cleveland and Charles II
 *[[William FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Cleveland]], 2nd Duke of Southampton (1698–1774), eldest son of the 2nd Duke of Cleveland. He died without issue, and his titles were extinct.
 ==Dukes of Cleveland, second creation (1833)==
-[[File:Arms of Vane.svg|thumb|200px|Arms of Vane: ''Azure, three sinister gauntlets (appaumée) or''<ref>Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p. 115, which omits ''appaumée'', useful in differentiating from Fane arms; concerning ''appaumée'' Cussans (1898) states: "In blazoning a Hand, besides stating what position it occupies, and whether it be the dexter or sinister, and erased or couped, it must be mentioned whether it be clenched or appaumé". (Cussans, John, ''Handbook of Heraldry'', 2nd Edition, London, 1868, p.47 [https://archive.org/stream/handbookofherald00cuss_0/handbookofherald00cuss_0_djvu.txt], p. 92)</ref> These are a [[difference (heraldry)|difference]] of the arms of the ''Fane'' family, [[Earl of Westmorland|Earls of Westmorland]] from 1624, which show: ''three dexter gauntlets back affrontée'', with identical tinctures]]
+[[File:Arms of Vane.svg|thumb|Arms of Vane: ''Azure, three sinister gauntlets (appaumée) or''.<ref>Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p. 115, which omits ''appaumée'', useful in differentiating from Fane arms; concerning ''appaumée'' Cussans (1898) states: "In blazoning a Hand, besides stating what position it occupies, and whether it be the dexter or sinister, and erased or couped, it must be mentioned whether it be clenched or appaumé". (Cussans, John, [https://archive.org/stream/handbookofherald00cuss_0/handbookofherald00cuss_0_djvu.txt ''Handbook of Heraldry''], 2nd ed., London, 1868, p.47, p. 92)</ref> These are a [[difference (heraldry)|difference]] of the arms of the ''Fane'' family, [[Earl of Westmorland|Earls of Westmorland]] from 1624, which show: ''three dexter gauntlets back affrontée'', with identical tinctures]]
-:''Other titles: Marquess of Cleveland (1827), Earl of Darlington, in the County of Durham and Viscount Barnard, of Barnard's Castle in the county of Durham (1754), Baron Barnard, of Barnard's Castle in the Bishopric of Durham (1698), Baron Raby, of Raby Castle in the County Durham (1833)''
+Other titles held by these Dukes include Marquess of Cleveland (1827), Earl of Darlington, in the County of Durham and Viscount Barnard, of Barnard's Castle in the county of Durham (1754), Baron Barnard, of Barnard's Castle in the Bishopric of Durham (1698), and Baron Raby, of Raby Castle in the County Durham (1833).
 *[[William Vane, 1st Duke of Cleveland|William Harry Vane, 1st Duke of Cleveland]] (1766–1842), great-grandson of the above 2nd Duke
 *[[Henry Vane, 2nd Duke of Cleveland]] (1788–1864), eldest son of the 1st Duke
@@ Line 58: / Line 56: @@
 *[[Harry Powlett, 4th Duke of Cleveland|Harry George Powlett, 4th Duke of Cleveland]] (1803–1891), youngest son of the 1st Duke. All of his titles except for [[Baron Barnard]] became extinct upon his death without issue.
-==Family tree==
+== Family tree ==
+{{Dukes of Cleveland and Southampton family tree}}
-{{hidden|FitzRoy & Vane family tree: Dukes of Cleveland|{{Tree chart/start|style=font-size:90%}}
-{{Tree chart | | | | | | |DCle |
-border=0|DCle=''DUCHESS OF CLEVELAND, 1670''}}
-{{Tree chart | | |KC2  |y|BPC  |
-KC2=[[Charles II of England|King Charles II]]<br>(1630–r.1660–1685)|BPC=[[Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland|Barbara Palmer,<br>'''1st Duchess of Cleveland''']]<br>(1640–1709)
-|boxstyle_BPC=background-color: #CCFFFF}}
-{{Tree chart | |F|A|V|~|t|~|~|~|~|~|V|~|7| }}
-{{Tree chart | |:| |:| |)|-|j|-|jc| |:| |:| }}
-{{Tree chart |DMon |:| |!| |:|DNor |:|DRLx |border=0
-|DMon=''[[James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth|Duke of Monmouth]]''<br>''[[Duke of Buccleuch|Dukes of Buccleuch]]''
-|DCld=''Dukes of Cleveland<br>& Southampton''
-|DNor=''[[George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland|Duke of Northumberland]]''
-|DStA=''Dukes of St Albans''
-|DRLx=''[[Duke of Richmond and Lennox|Dukes of Richmond<br>& Lennox]]''}}
-{{Tree chart | | |EPly |!|DGra | |DStA |border=0
-|EPly=''[[Charles FitzCharles, 1st Earl of Plymouth|Earl of Plymouth]]''
-|DGra=''[[Duke of Grafton|Dukes of Grafton]]''
-|DStA=''[[Duke of St Albans|Dukes of St Albans]]''}}
-{{Tree chart | | | | |DSot |
-border=0|DSot=''DUKE OF SOUTHAMPTON, 1675''}}
-{{Tree chart | | | | |D2   |
-D2=[[Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland|Charles FitzRoy,<br>1st Duke of Southampton,<br>'''2nd Duke of Cleveland''']]<br>''illegitimate''<br>(1662–1730)
-|boxstyle_D2=background-color: #CCFFFF}}
-{{Tree chart | | | | | |)|-|-|-|.| | |EDar |
-border=0|EDar=''[[Earl of Darlington]]''}}
-{{Tree chart | | | | |D3   | |LGF  |v|H1D  |
-D3=[[William FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Cleveland|William FitzRoy,<br>2nd Duke of Southampton,<br>'''3rd Duke of Cleveland''']]<br>(1698–1774)|LGF=Lady Grace Fitzroy<br>(1697–1763)|H1D=[[Henry Vane, 1st Earl of Darlington|Henry Vane,<br>1st Earl of Darlington]]<br>(c.1705–1758)
-|boxstyle_D3=background-color: #CCFFFF}}
-{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
-{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | |H2D  |
-H2D=[[Henry Vane, 2nd Earl of Darlington|Henry Vane,<br>2nd Earl of Darlington]]<br>(1726–1792)}}
-{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
-{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | |DCle |
-border=0|DCle=''DUKE OF CLEVELAND, 1833''}}
-{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | |W1C  |
-W1C=[[William Vane, 1st Duke of Cleveland|William Harry Vane,<br>3rd Earl of Darlington,<br>'''1st Duke of Cleveland''']]<br>(1766–1842)
-|boxstyle_W1C=background-color: #CCFFFF}}
-{{Tree chart | | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|.|}}
-{{Tree chart | | | | |H2C  | |W3C  | |H4C  |
-H2C=[[Henry Vane, 2nd Duke of Cleveland|Henry Vane,<br>4th Earl of Darlington,<br>'''2nd Duke of Cleveland''']]<br>(1788–1864)|W3C=[[William Vane, 3rd Duke of Cleveland|William John Frederick Vane,<br>5th Earl of Darlington,<br>'''3rd Duke of Cleveland''']]<br>(1792–1864)|H4C=[[Harry Powlett, 4th Duke of Cleveland|Harry George Vane (Powlett),<br>6th Earl of Darlington,<br>'''4th Duke of Cleveland''']]<br>(1803–1891)
-|boxstyle_H2C=background-color: #CCFFFF
-|boxstyle_W3C=background-color: #CCFFFF
-|boxstyle_H4C=background-color: #CCFFFF}}
-{{Tree chart/end}}
-|headerstyle=background:#ccccff|bodystyle=text-align:center}}
 ==References==