Mauritius (1968–1992): Difference between revisions

Mauritius
Mauritius
1968–1992
	Flag Coat of arms
	Motto: "Stella Clavisque Maris Indici" (Latin); "Star and Key of the Indian Ocean"
	Anthem: Motherland
Capital	Port Louis
Common languages	Mauritian Creole; French; English; Rodriguan Creole
Regierung	Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Queen
• 1968–1992	Elizabeth II
Governor-General
• 1968 (first)	John Shaw Rennie
• 1986–1992 (last)	Veerasamy Ringadoo
Prime Minister
• 1968–1982	Seewoosagur Ramgoolam
• 1982–1992	Anerood Jugnauth
History
• Independence	12 March 1968
• Republic proclaimed	12 March 1992
Currency	Mauritian rupee
Calling code	+230
ISO 3166 code	MU
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	British Mauritius
Republic of Mauritius
Today part of	Mauritius

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20°12′S 57°30′E / 20.2°S 57.5°E / -20.2; 57.5

Between independence in 1968 and becoming a republic in 1992, Mauritius was an independent sovereign state that shared its head of state with the United Kingdom and other states headed by Elizabeth II.

In 1968, the United Kingdom's Mauritius Independence Act 1968 granted independence to the British Crown Colony of Mauritius. The British monarch, Elizabeth II, remained head of state as Queen of Mauritius, as well as being Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. The monarch's constitutional roles in Mauritius were mostly delegated to the Governor-General of Mauritius.

Elizabeth II visited Mauritius 24–26 March 1972.^[1]

In 1975, a series of student protests turned violent.^[2]

The Republic of Mauritius was proclaimed on 12 March 1992. Following the abolition of the monarchy, the last Governor General of Mauritius, Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo became the first President of Mauritius.

Governors-General of Mauritius

John Shaw Rennie (12 March – 27 August 1968)
Michel Rivalland (27 August – 3 September 1968)
Leonard Williams (3 September 1968 – 27 December 1972)
Raman Osman (27 December 1972 – 31 October 1977)
Henry Garrioch (31 October 1977 – 26 April 1979)
Dayendranath Burrenchobay (26 April 1979 – 28 December 1983)
Seewoosagur Ramgoolam (28 December 1983 – 15 December 1985)
Cassam Moollan (15 December 1985 – 17 January 1986) (acting)
Veerasamy Ringadoo (17 January 1986 – 12 March 1992)

Seewoosagur Ramgoolam and then Sir Anerood Jugnauth held office as Prime Minister of Mauritius.

References

"Mauritius Republic Bill [H.L.]". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 19 May 1992. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
"Mauritius Republic Bill [Lords]". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 4 June 1992. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
"Mauritius Republic Act 1992". Legislation.gov.uk. 12 March 1992. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
ben cahoon. "Mauritius". Worldstatesmen.org. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
"Mauritius: Polity Style: 1968-2017". Archontology.org. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
"Mauritius: Heads of State: 1968-1992". Archontology.org. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
"Mauritius: Governors-General: 1968-1992". Archontology.org. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
"Mauritius Ministers". Guide2womenleaders.com. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
"ASSOCIATION AGREEMENT concerning the accession of Mauritius to the Yaounde Convention (1969)" (PDF). Eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 26 January 2017.

Specific

^ Visit by HM Queen Elizabeth II to Mauritius, 24-26 March 1972, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, FCO 31/1250
^ Servansingh, Rajiv. "40th Anniversary of 20th May 75: A Partial Inside Story". MT. Mauritius Times. Retrieved 22 May 2015.

[1] Visit by HM Queen Elizabeth II to Mauritius, 24-26 March 1972, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, FCO 31/1250

[2] Servansingh, Rajiv. "40th Anniversary of 20th May 75: A Partial Inside Story". MT. Mauritius Times. Retrieved 22 May 2015.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Monarchy of Mauritius with Elizabeth II as head of state}}
-{{No footnotes|date=January 2017}}
+{{More footnotes|date=January 2017}}
 {{coord|-20.2|57.5|display=title|type:country}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
-{{Infobox former country
+{{Infobox country
 |native_name =
 |conventional_long_name = Mauritius
 |common_name = Mauritius
-|continent = Africa
-|region = Indian Ocean
 |status =
-|government_type = Constitutional monarchy
+|government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[constitutional monarchy]]
 |event_start = Independence
 |date_start = 12 March
@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 |date_end = 12 March
 |year_end = 1992
-|p1 = Dominion of Mauritius
+|p1 = British Mauritius
-|flag_p1 = Flag of Mauritius 1923.svg
+|flag_p1 = Flag of Mauritius (1923–1968).svg
 |s1 = Republic of Mauritius
 |flag_s1 = Flag of Mauritius.svg
 |image_flag = Flag of Mauritius.svg
 |flag = Flag of Mauritius
-|image_coat = Coat of arms of Mauritius.svg
+|image_coat = Coat of arms of Mauritius (Original version).svg
-|symbol = Coat of arms of Mauritius
 |image_map = Mauritius (orthographic projection with inset).svg
-|capital = Port Louis
+|capital = [[Port Louis]]
 |national_motto = "Stella Clavisque Maris Indici"&nbsp;<small>([[Latin]])<br/>"Star and Key of the Indian Ocean"</small>
-|national_anthem = ''[[Motherland (Mauritius National Anthem)|Motherland]]'' <center>[[File:National Anthem of Mauritius by US Navy Band.ogg]]</center><br/>'''Royal anthem'''<br/>''[[God Save the Queen]]'' <center>[[File:United States Navy Band - God Save the Queen.ogg]]</center>
+|national_anthem = ''[[Motherland (Mauritius National Anthem)|Motherland]]''
 |common_languages = [[Mauritian Creole]]<br/>[[French language|French]]<br/>[[English language|English]]<br/>[[Rodriguan Creole]]
 |title_leader = [[Queen of Mauritius|Queen]]
-|leader1 = Elizabeth II
+|leader1 = [[Elizabeth II]]
 |year_leader1 = 1968–1992
 |title_representative = [[Governor-General of Mauritius|Governor-General]]
-|representative1 = John Shaw Rennie
+|representative1 = [[John Shaw Rennie]]
 |year_representative1 = 1968 <small>(first)</small>
-|representative2 = Veerasamy Ringadoo
+|representative2 = [[Veerasamy Ringadoo]]
 |year_representative2 = 1986–1992 <small>(last)</small>
 |title_deputy = [[Prime Minister of Mauritius|Prime Minister]]
-|deputy1 = Seewoosagur Ramgoolam
+|deputy1 = [[Seewoosagur Ramgoolam]]
 |year_deputy1 = 1968–1982
-|deputy2 = Anerood Jugnauth
+|deputy2 = [[Anerood Jugnauth]]
 |year_deputy2 = 1982–1992
-|legislature =
-|stat_year1 = 1972
-|stat_area1 = 2040
-|stat_pop1 = 851334
 |currency = [[Mauritian rupee]]
-|calling_code = 230
+|calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Mauritius|+230]]
-|today = {{flag|Mauritius}}
+|today = [[Mauritius]]
-|footnotes =
 }}
+Between independence in 1968 and becoming a republic in 1992, '''Mauritius''' was an independent [[sovereign state]] that shared its [[head of state]] with the United Kingdom and other [[states headed by Elizabeth II]].
-The [[Commonwealth realm]] of Mauritius, officially known as "Mauritius", was a predecessor to the modern-day [[Republic of Mauritius]] and an independent state that existed between 1968 and 1992.
-When British rule ended in 1968, the [[Mauritius Independence Act 1968]] transformed the [[British Mauritius|British Crown Colony of Mauritius]] into an independent sovereign Commonwealth realm. The [[British monarch]], [[Elizabeth II]], remained [[head of state]]. Mauritius shared the Sovereign with the other [[Commonwealth realm]]s. The monarch's constitutional roles were mostly delegated to the [[List of Governors-General of Mauritius|Governor-General of Mauritius]]. The royal succession was governed by the English [[Act of Settlement 1701|Act of Settlement]] of 1701. During the Commonwealth realm phase, the following governors-general held office:
+In 1968, the United Kingdom's [[Mauritius Independence Act 1968]] granted independence to the [[British Mauritius|British Crown Colony of Mauritius]]. The [[British monarch]], [[Elizabeth II]], remained [[head of state]] as [[Queen of Mauritius]], as well as being [[Queen of the United Kingdom]] and the other [[Commonwealth realm]]s. The monarch's constitutional roles in Mauritius were mostly delegated to the [[List of Governors-General of Mauritius|Governor-General of Mauritius]].
+[[File:Royal Standard of Mauritius.svg|thumb|left|[[Queen's Personal Mauritian Flag]]]]
-*[[John Shaw Rennie|Sir John Shaw Rennie]] (12 March – 27 August 1968)
+Elizabeth II visited Mauritius 24–26 March 1972.<ref>[http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C11087579 Visit by HM Queen Elizabeth II to Mauritius, 24-26 March 1972], [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]], FCO 31/1250</ref>
-*''[[Michel Rivalland|Sir Michel Rivalland]] (27 August – 3 September 1968)''
-*[[Leonard Williams (politician)|Sir Leonard Williams]] (3 September 1968 – 27 December 1972)
+In 1975, a [[1975 Mauritian student protests|series of student protests]] turned violent.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Servansingh|first1=Rajiv|title=40th Anniversary of 20th May 75: A Partial Inside Story|publisher=MT|agency=Mauritius Times|url=http://www.mauritiustimes.com/mt/rajiv-servansingh-69/|access-date=2015-05-22}}</ref>
-*[[Raman Osman|Sir Raman Osman]] (27 December 1972 – 31 October 1977)
-*[[Henry Garrioch|Sir Henry Garrioch]] (31 October 1977 – 26 April 1979)
+The [[Mauritius|Republic of Mauritius]] was proclaimed on 12 March 1992. Following the abolition of the monarchy, the last Governor General of Mauritius, Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo became the first [[President of Mauritius]].
-*[[Dayendranath Burrenchobay|Sir Dayendranath Burrenchobay]] (26 April 1979 – 28 December 1983)
-*[[Seewoosagur Ramgoolam|Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam]] (28 December 1983 – 15 December 1985)
+==Governors-General of Mauritius==
-*''[[Cassam Moollan|Sir Cassam Moollan]] (15 December 1985 – 17 January 1986) (acting)''
-*[[Veerasamy Ringadoo|Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo]] (17 January 1986 – 12 March 1992)
+*[[John Shaw Rennie]] (12 March – 27 August 1968)
+*[[Michel Rivalland]] (27 August – 3 September 1968)
+*[[Leonard Williams (politician)|Leonard Williams]] (3 September 1968 – 27 December 1972)
+*[[Raman Osman]] (27 December 1972 – 31 October 1977)
+*[[Henry Garrioch]] (31 October 1977 – 26 April 1979)
+*[[Dayendranath Burrenchobay]] (26 April 1979 – 28 December 1983)
+*[[Seewoosagur Ramgoolam]] (28 December 1983 – 15 December 1985)
+*''[[Cassam Moollan]] (15 December 1985 – 17 January 1986) (acting)''
+*[[Veerasamy Ringadoo]] (17 January 1986 – 12 March 1992)
 [[Seewoosagur Ramgoolam]] and then Sir [[Anerood Jugnauth]] held office as [[Prime Minister of Mauritius]].
+{{Clear|left}}
-[[File:Royal Standard of Mauritius.svg|thumb|left|[[Queen's Personal Mauritian Flag]]]]
-Elizabeth II visited Mauritius 24–26 March 1972 in her capacity as Queen of Mauritius.
-The Republic of Mauritius was proclaimed on 12 March 1992. It is the most recent former Commonwealth realm to become a [[Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations|republic within the Commonwealth]]. Following the abolition of the monarchy, the last Governor General of Mauritius, Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo became the first [[President of Mauritius]].
-{{-}}
 ==References==
-*{{cite web|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/lords/1992/may/19/mauritius-republic-bill-hl |title=Mauritius Republic Bill [H.L.&#93; (Hansard, 19 May 1992) |website=Hansard.millbanksystems.com |date= |accessdate=2017-01-26}}
+*{{cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1992/may/19/mauritius-republic-bill-hl |title=Mauritius Republic Bill [H.L.&#93;   |website=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]] |date=19 May 1992 |access-date=2017-01-26}}
-*{{cite web|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1992/jun/04/mauritius-republic-bill-lords |title=Mauritius Republic Bill [Lords&#93; (Hansard, 4 June 1992) |website=Hansard.millbanksystems.com |date= |accessdate=2017-01-26}}
+*{{cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1992/jun/04/mauritius-republic-bill-lords |title=Mauritius Republic Bill [Lords&#93;   |website=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]] |date=4 June 1992 |access-date=2017-01-26}}
-*{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1992/45/section/1 |title=Mauritius Republic Act 1992 |website=Legislation.gov.uk |date=1992-03-12 |accessdate=2017-01-26}}
+*{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1992/45/section/1 |title=Mauritius Republic Act 1992 |website=Legislation.gov.uk |date=1992-03-12 |access-date=2017-01-26}}
-*{{cite web|author=ben cahoon |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Mauritius.htm |title=Mauritius |website=Worldstatesmen.org |date= |accessdate=2017-01-26 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115174034/http://worldstatesmen.org/Mauritius.htm |archivedate=2013-01-15 |df= }}
+*{{cite web|author=ben cahoon |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Mauritius.htm |title=Mauritius |website=Worldstatesmen.org |access-date=2017-01-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115174034/http://worldstatesmen.org/Mauritius.htm |archive-date=2013-01-15 }}
-*{{cite web|url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/mauritius/01_polity.php |title=Mauritius: Polity Style: 1968-2017 |website=Archontology.org |date= |accessdate=2017-01-26}}
+*{{cite web|url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/mauritius/01_polity.php |title=Mauritius: Polity Style: 1968-2017 |website=Archontology.org |access-date=2017-01-26}}
-*{{cite web|url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/mauritius/00_1968_1992_s.php |title=Mauritius: Heads of State: 1968-1992 |website=Archontology.org |date= |accessdate=2017-01-26}}
+*{{cite web|url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/mauritius/00_1968_1992_s.php |title=Mauritius: Heads of State: 1968-1992 |website=Archontology.org |access-date=2017-01-26}}
-*{{cite web|url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/mauritius/00_1968_1992_gg.php |title=Mauritius: Governors-General: 1968-1992 |website=Archontology.org |date= |accessdate=2017-01-26}}
+*{{cite web|url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/mauritius/00_1968_1992_gg.php |title=Mauritius: Governors-General: 1968-1992 |website=Archontology.org |access-date=2017-01-26}}
-*{{cite web|url=http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/Mauritius.htm |title=Mauritius Ministers |website=Guide2womenleaders.com |date= |accessdate=2017-01-26}}
+*{{cite web|url=http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/Mauritius.htm |title=Mauritius Ministers |website=Guide2womenleaders.com |access-date=2017-01-26}}
-*{{cite web|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:1973:288:0002:0012:EN:PDF |format=PDF |title=ASSOCIATION AGREEMENT concerning the accession of Mauritius to the Yaounde Convention (1969) |website=Eur-lex.europa.eu |accessdate=2017-01-26}}
+*{{cite web|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:1973:288:0002:0012:EN:PDF |format=PDF |title=ASSOCIATION AGREEMENT concerning the accession of Mauritius to the Yaounde Convention (1969) |website=Eur-lex.europa.eu |access-date=2017-01-26}}
+;Specific
+<references />
 {{Commonwealth realms}}
 {{Former Monarchies}}
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Mauritius (1968-1992)}}
-[[Category:Former Commonwealth realms|Mauritius]]
-[[Category:Former polities of the Cold War]]
+[[Category:Former Commonwealth realms]]
 [[Category:Government of Mauritius]]
 [[Category:Lists of political office-holders in Mauritius]]
@@ Line 93: / Line 95: @@
 [[Category:Mauritius–United Kingdom relations|Monarchy]]
 [[Category:Politics of Mauritius]]
+[[Category:States and territories established in 1968]]
+[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1992]]
+[[Category:1968 establishments in Mauritius]]
-{{Mauritius-stub}}
+[[Category:1992 disestablishments in Africa]]
+[[Category:Mauritius history-related lists]]

v t e Commonwealth realms and dominions
Current	Antigua and Barbuda (monarchy) Australia (monarchy) Bahamas (monarchy) Belize (monarchy) Canada (monarchy) Grenada (monarchy) Jamaica (monarchy) Realm of New Zealand Cook Inseln Neuseeland Niue Papua New Guinea (monarchy) Saint Kitts and Nevis (monarchy) Saint Lucia (monarchy) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (monarchy) Solomon Islands (monarchy) Tuvalu (monarchy) United Kingdom (monarchy)
Former	Barbados (monarchy) Ceylon Fiji (monarchy) The Gambia (monarchy) Ghana (monarchy) Guyana (monarchy) Indien Ireland (monarchy) Kenya (monarchy) Malawi (monarchy) Malta (monarchy) Mauritius (monarchy) Newfoundland¹ Nigeria (monarchy) Pakistan (monarchy) Rhodesia² (monarchy) Sierra Leone (monarchy) South Africa (monarchy) Tanganyika (monarchy) Trinidad and Tobago (monarchy) Uganda (monarchy)
¹ Annexed by Canada in 1949 ² Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence in 1965, but this was not recognised internationally. Declared itself a republic in 1970.