Augustus Leopold Kuper: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox military person |
{{Infobox military person |
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|name=Sir Augustus Kuper |
|name =Sir Augustus Kuper |
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|birth_date=16 August 1809 |
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|death_date=28 October 1885 |
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|image =ConferenceOnTheSemiramis1863.JPG |
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⚫ | |caption =Franco-Anglo-Japanese conference on the [[Semiramis]], 2 July 1863. Forefront: French interpreter [[Frederik Blekman]], Japanese interpreter. Background (from left to right): Three Japanese governors of [[Yokohama]], [[Duchesne de Bellecourt]], ''[[daimyō]]'' Sakai-Hida-no-Kami, [[Colonel Neale]] (British representative in Japan), [[Benjamin Jaurès|Admiral Jaurès]], Admiral Kuper |
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|allegiance={{UK}} |
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|birth_date ={{Birth date|1809|08|16|df=yes}} |
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|branch= [[Image:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|23px]] [[Royal Navy]] |
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|death_date ={{Death date and age|1885|10|28|1809|08|16|df=yes}} |
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|battles=[[First Opium War]] |
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|battles =[[First Opium War]] <br/ > [[Bombardment of Kagoshima]] <br/ > [[Shimonoseki campaign]] |
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==Naval career== |
== Naval career == |
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Kuper, whose ancestry was |
Kuper, whose ancestry was German, joined the navy in 1823 as a midshipman.<ref name=odnb>[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/15810?docPos=1 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]</ref> On 20 February 1830 he became a lieutenant.<ref name=odnb/> On 17 October 1831 he was appointed a lieutenant in [[HMS Savage (1830)|''Savage'']], commanded by [[Lord Edward Russell (1805–1887)|Lord Edward Russell]], on the Irish station. On 9 April 1832, he followed Russell to [[HMS Nimrod|''Nimrod'']], off the coast of Spain. On 27 August 1833, John Macdougall succeeded Russell, still on the Spain–Portugal station. From 30 March 1836, he was a lieutenant in [[HMS Minden (1810)|''Minden'']], commanded by Alexander Renton Sharpe, at Lisbon. Then on 10 July 1837 he moved to [[HMS Alligator (1821)|''Alligator'']],<ref name=odnb/> commanded by James John Gordon Bremer, at Australia, who was involved in founding the settlement at [[Port Essington]]. |
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From 27 July 1839 he was a lieutenant and acting captain of [[HMS Pelorus (1808)|'' Pelorous'']]. While he was captain ''Pelorus'' wrecked on 25 November by a cyclone at Port Essington.<ref name=odnb/> There were no casualties and eventually she was refloated. In December 1840 he was promoted to |
From 27 July 1839, he was a lieutenant and acting captain of [[HMS Pelorus (1808)|'' Pelorous'']]. While he was captain ''Pelorus'' wrecked on 25 November by a cyclone at Port Essington.<ref name=odnb/> There were no casualties and eventually she was refloated. In December 1840 he was promoted to commander, retroactive to when he took command of ''Pelorus''. |
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On 5 March 1840 he became Acting Captain in ''Alligator'', and with her he participated in the [[First Opium War]] (1840–1842).<ref name=odnb/> On 8 June 1841 he received a promotion to |
On 5 March 1840 he became Acting Captain in ''Alligator'', and with her he participated in the [[First Opium War]] (1840–1842).<ref name=odnb/> On 8 June 1841 he received a promotion to captain, and on 14 June he took command of [[HMS Calliope (1837)|''Calliope'']] and participated in the operations that led to the capitulation of [[Guangzhou|Canton, China]] (now Guangzhou). On 21 January 1842 he was made a [[Order of the Bath|Companion of the Bath (CB)]].<ref name=odnb/> |
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From 3 July 1850 to February 1854 he was |
From 3 July 1850 to February 1854 he was captain in [[HMS Thetis (1846)|''Thetis'']] from her commissioning at Plymouth.<ref name=odnb/> He sailed her to the south-east coast of America and then the Pacific. [[Kuper Island]] in the [[Strait of Georgia]], off the east coast of [[Vancouver Island]], was named for him after he surveyed the area from 1851 to 1853. |
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From 13 August 1855 to 24 January 1856 he was |
From 13 August 1855 to 24 January 1856 he was the captain of [[HMS London (1840)|HMS ''London'']] in the Mediterranean.<ref name=odnb/> |
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In 1861 he was promoted to [[Royal Navy| |
In 1861 he was promoted to [[Royal Navy|rear-admiral]] and in 1862 he succeeded Admiral [[James Hope (Royal Navy officer)|Sir James Hope]] as Commander-in-Chief, [[East Indies and China Station]].<ref name=odnb/> His tenure coincided with the later stages of British involvement in the [[Taiping Rebellion]].<ref name=odnb/> To achieve parity with the French navy, whose local commander-in-chief was a Vice-Admiral, Kuper was given temporary promotion to [[Vice-admiral (Royal Navy)|vice admiral]]. |
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In August 1863 he hoisted his flag in the wooden screw-frigate [[HMS Euryalus (1853)|''Euryalus'']] and led a British squadron of seven warships to [[Kagoshima]] to coerce the [[ |
In August 1863 he hoisted his flag in the wooden screw-frigate [[HMS Euryalus (1853)|''Euryalus'']] and led a British squadron of seven warships to [[Kagoshima]] to coerce the ''[[daimyō]]'' of [[Satsuma Domain|Satsuma]] into paying the £25,000 demanded by the British Government as reparation to the British victims of the [[Namamugi Incident]].<ref name=odnb/> During the [[Bombardment of Kagoshima]] the captain of ''Euryalus'', John James Steven Josling, was killed, as was his second-in-command, Commander Wilmot, both decapitated by the same cannonball. |
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In 1864 Kuper was in command of the International fleet at the [[Shimonoseki Expedition, Japan]], the action fought to reopen the [[Seto Inland Sea|Inland Sea]] and the [[Kanmon Straits|Straits of Shimonoseki]].<ref name=odnb/> His interpreter at Shimonoseki was [[Ernest Satow]]. Kuper was made a [[Knight of the Bath|Knight of the Bath (KCB)]] on 25 February 1864 'in acknowledgement of his services at Kagoshima'. In due course, i.e., on 2 June 1869, he became a [[Order of the Bath|Knight Grand Cross of the Bath (GCB)]] and promoted to the rank of [[Royal Navy| |
In 1864 Kuper was in command of the International fleet at the [[Shimonoseki Expedition, Japan]], the action fought to reopen the [[Seto Inland Sea|Inland Sea]] and the [[Kanmon Straits|Straits of Shimonoseki]].<ref name=odnb/> His interpreter at Shimonoseki was [[Ernest Satow]]. Kuper was made a [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath|Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB)]] on 25 February 1864 'in acknowledgement of his services at Kagoshima'. In due course, i.e., on 2 June 1869, he became a [[Order of the Bath|Knight Grand Cross of the Bath (GCB)]] and promoted to the rank of vice-admiral in 1866 and to [[Royal Navy|admiral]] in 1872.<ref>{{London Gazette|city=E|issue=7631|page=438|date=10 April 1866}}</ref> |
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==Family== |
== Family == |
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On 19 June 1837 he married Emma Margaret, eldest daughter of Sir [[James Bremer|James John Gordon Bremer]].<ref name=odnb/> |
On 19 June 1837 he married Emma Margaret, eldest daughter of Rear Admiral of the Blue Sir [[James Bremer|James John Gordon Bremer]] [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath|KCB]], [[Royal Guelphic Order|KCH]].<ref name=odnb/> Kuper had served under Bremer during the [[Opium War (disambiguation)|Opium Wars]]. |
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== References == |
== References == |
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;Notes |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{Reflist}} |
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;Sources |
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* Denney, John. ''Respect and Consideration: Britain in Japan 1853–1868 and beyond''. Radiance Press (2011). {{ISBN|978-0-9568798-0-6}} |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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*[http://www.vancouverisland.com/Regions/towns/index.asp?townID=3994 Kuper island], British Columbia, was named after Augustus Leopold Kuper. |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041217010114/http://www.vancouverisland.com/Regions/towns/index.asp?townID=3994 Kuper island], British Columbia, was named after Augustus Leopold Kuper. |
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* {{cite wikisource |
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|first=William Richard |
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|last=O'Byrne |
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|title=A Naval Biographical Dictionary |
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|year=1849 |
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|publisher=[[John Murray (publishing house)|John Murray]] |
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |
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| DATE OF BIRTH = 16 August 1809 |
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| DATE OF DEATH = 28 October 1885 |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kuper, Augustus Leopold}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kuper, Augustus Leopold}} |
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[[Category:1809 births]] |
[[Category:1809 births]] |
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[[Category:1885 deaths]] |
[[Category:1885 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Royal Navy admirals]] |
[[Category:Royal Navy admirals]] |
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[[Category:Royal Navy personnel of the First Opium War]] |
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[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] |
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] |
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[[Category:British people of German descent]] |
[[Category:British people of German descent]] |
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[[Category:British military personnel of the Shimonoseki |
[[Category:British military personnel of the Shimonoseki campaign]] |
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[[Category:Knights Commander of the Military |
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Military Order of William]] |
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[[fr:Augustus Leopold Kuper]] |
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[[ja:オーガスタス・レオポルド・キューパー]] |
Revision as of 10:53, 30 July 2024
Sir Augustus Kuper | |
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Born | 16 August 1809 |
Died | 28 October 1885 | (aged 76)
Allegiance | Vereinigtes Königreich |
Service/ | Royal Navy |
Years of service | 1823–1876 |
Rank | Admiral |
Commands | Pelorous Alligator Calliope Thetis HMS London East Indies and China Station |
Battles/wars | First Opium War Bombardment of Kagoshima Shimonoseki campaign |
Awards | Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath |
Admiral Sir Augustus Leopold Kuper GCB (16 August 1809 – 28 October 1885) was a Royal Navy officer known for his commands in East Asia.
Naval career
Kuper, whose ancestry was German, joined the navy in 1823 as a midshipman.[1] On 20 February 1830 he became a lieutenant.[1] On 17 October 1831 he was appointed a lieutenant in Savage, commanded by Lord Edward Russell, on the Irish station. On 9 April 1832, he followed Russell to Nimrod, off the coast of Spain. On 27 August 1833, John Macdougall succeeded Russell, still on the Spain–Portugal station. From 30 March 1836, he was a lieutenant in Minden, commanded by Alexander Renton Sharpe, at Lisbon. Then on 10 July 1837 he moved to Alligator,[1] commanded by James John Gordon Bremer, at Australia, who was involved in founding the settlement at Port Essington.
From 27 July 1839, he was a lieutenant and acting captain of Pelorous. While he was captain Pelorus wrecked on 25 November by a cyclone at Port Essington.[1] There were no casualties and eventually she was refloated. In December 1840 he was promoted to commander, retroactive to when he took command of Pelorus.
On 5 March 1840 he became Acting Captain in Alligator, and with her he participated in the First Opium War (1840–1842).[1] On 8 June 1841 he received a promotion to captain, and on 14 June he took command of Calliope and participated in the operations that led to the capitulation of Canton, China (now Guangzhou). On 21 January 1842 he was made a Companion of the Bath (CB).[1]
From 3 July 1850 to February 1854 he was captain in Thetis from her commissioning at Plymouth.[1] He sailed her to the south-east coast of America and then the Pacific. Kuper Island in the Strait of Georgia, off the east coast of Vancouver Island, was named for him after he surveyed the area from 1851 to 1853.
From 13 August 1855 to 24 January 1856 he was the captain of HMS London in the Mediterranean.[1]
In 1861 he was promoted to rear-admiral and in 1862 he succeeded Admiral Sir James Hope as Commander-in-Chief, East Indies and China Station.[1] His tenure coincided with the later stages of British involvement in the Taiping Rebellion.[1] To achieve parity with the French navy, whose local commander-in-chief was a Vice-Admiral, Kuper was given temporary promotion to vice admiral.
In August 1863 he hoisted his flag in the wooden screw-frigate Euryalus and led a British squadron of seven warships to Kagoshima to coerce the daimyō of Satsuma into paying the £25,000 demanded by the British Government as reparation to the British victims of the Namamugi Incident.[1] During the Bombardment of Kagoshima the captain of Euryalus, John James Steven Josling, was killed, as was his second-in-command, Commander Wilmot, both decapitated by the same cannonball.
In 1864 Kuper was in command of the International fleet at the Shimonoseki Expedition, Japan, the action fought to reopen the Inland Sea and the Straits of Shimonoseki.[1] His interpreter at Shimonoseki was Ernest Satow. Kuper was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) on 25 February 1864 'in acknowledgement of his services at Kagoshima'. In due course, i.e., on 2 June 1869, he became a Knight Grand Cross of the Bath (GCB) and promoted to the rank of vice-admiral in 1866 and to admiral in 1872.[2]
Family
On 19 June 1837 he married Emma Margaret, eldest daughter of Rear Admiral of the Blue Sir James John Gordon Bremer KCB, KCH.[1] Kuper had served under Bremer during the Opium Wars.
References
- Notes
- Sources
- 'The British Bombardment of Kagoshima, 1863: Admiral Sir L. Kuper and Lt. Colonel Neale', Appendix One, British Envoys in Japan 1859–1972, edited and compiled by Hugh Cortazzi, first published by Global Oriental for the Japan Society, 2004. ISBN 1-901903-51-6
- Denney, John. Respect and Consideration: Britain in Japan 1853–1868 and beyond. Radiance Press (2011). ISBN 978-0-9568798-0-6
- See the entry by J. K. L. (John Knox Laughton) in the Dictionary of National Biography
External links
- Kuper island, British Columbia, was named after Augustus Leopold Kuper.
- O'Byrne, William Richard (1849). John Murray – via Wikisource. . .