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{{Redir|RSRE|the security vulnerability|Rogue System Register Read}}
{{Redirect|RSRE|the security vulnerability|Rogue System Register Read}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
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{{Use British English|date=September 2019}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2019}}


{{Main|Royal Radar Establishment}}
⚫
The '''Royal Signals and Radar Establishment''' ('''RSRE''') was a scientific research establishment within the [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD) of the [[United Kingdom]]. It was located primarily at [[Malvern, Worcestershire|Malvern]] in [[Worcestershire]], [[England]].<ref>{{cite journal| doi=10.1088/0305-4624/16/1/401 | title=The history of the RSRE | first=E. H. | last=Putley | authorlink=E. H. Putley | journal=Physics in Technology | volume=16 | number=1 | date=January 1985 }}</ref>


⚫
The '''Royal Signals and Radar Establishment''' ('''RSRE''') was a scientific research establishment within the [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD) of the [[United Kingdom]]. It was located primarily at [[Malvern, Worcestershire|Malvern]] in [[Worcestershire]], [[England]].<ref>{{cite journal| doi=10.1088/0305-4624/16/1/401 | title=The history of the RSRE | first=E. H. | last=Putley | authorlink=E. H. Putley | journal=Physics in Technology | volume=16 | number=1 | date=January 1985 | pages=13–18 }}</ref> The RSRE motto was ''Ubique Sentio'' ([[Latin]] for "I sense everywhere").
⚫
[[File:JRM with the Queen.jpg|225px|thumb|right|Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip visiting RSRE in 1976]]
RSRE was formed in 1976 by an amalgamation of previous research organizations; these included the [[Royal Radar Establishment]] (RRE), itself derived from the World War II-era [[Telecommunications Research Establishment]]. The first [[email]] sent by a [[head of state]] was sent from the RSRE over the [[ARPANET]] by Queen [[Elizabeth II]] on March 26, 1976.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/2012/12/queen-and-the-internet/|title=How the Queen of England Beat Everyone to the Internet|last=Metz|first=Cade|date=2012-12-25|work=Wired|access-date=2020-01-09|issn=1059-1028}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Left|first=Sarah|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2002/mar/13/internetnews|title=Email timeline|date=2002-03-13|work=The Guardian|access-date=2020-01-09|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>


== History ==
⚫
In 1979 it merged with the [[Services Electronic Research Laboratory]] (SERL) formerly at [[Baldock]] and the [[Signals Research and Development Establishment]] (SRDE) formerly at Christchurch.<ref name="Cold War Hot Science">Eds. [https://sciencemuseum.academia.edu/RobertBud/CurriculumVitae Robert Bud] and [[Philip Gummett]], ''Cold War Hot Science: Applied Research in Britain's Defence Laboratories 1945-1990'', Harwood, 1999 {{ISBN|90-5702-481-0}}</ref> There were out-stations at the ex-[[RAF]] airfields at [[RAF Defford|Defford]] and [[Pershore]]. Another out-station was the satellite tracking station at Sheriffs Lench.
⚫
[[File:JRM with the Queen.jpg|225px|thumb|right|Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip visiting RSRE in 1976.]]

RSRE was formed in 1976 by an amalgamation of previous research organizations; these included the [[Royal Radar Establishment]] (RRE), itself derived from the World War II-era [[Telecommunications Research Establishment]], the [[Signals Research and Development Establishment]] (SRDE) in [[Christchurch, Dorset]], and the [[Services Electronic Research Laboratory]] (SERL) at [[Baldock]].

⚫
Beginning in 1979, the SRDE and SERL moved to Malvern to join the RRE's location.<ref name="Cold War Hot Science">Eds. [https://sciencemuseum.academia.edu/RobertBud/CurriculumVitae Robert Bud] and [[Philip Gummett]], ''Cold War Hot Science: Applied Research in Britain's Defence Laboratories 1945-1990'', Harwood, 1999 {{ISBN|90-5702-481-0}}</ref> There were several out-stations in [[Worcestershire]], including the ex-[[RAF]] airfields at [[RAF Defford|Defford]] and [[Pershore]] and the satellite tracking station at [[Sheriffs Lench]].


In April 1991 RSRE amalgamated with other defence research establishments to form the [[Defence Research Agency]], which in April 1995 amalgamated with more organisations to form the [[Defence Evaluation and Research Agency]].
In April 1991 RSRE amalgamated with other defence research establishments to form the [[Defence Research Agency]], which in April 1995 amalgamated with more organisations to form the [[Defence Evaluation and Research Agency]].
In June 2001 this became independent of the MoD, with approximately two-thirds of it being incorporated into [[QinetiQ]], a [[commerce|commercial]] company owned by the MoD, and the remainder into the fully government-owned laboratory [[DSTL]]. In 2003 the [[Carlyle Group]] bought a private equity stake (~30%) in QinetiQ.
In June 2001 this became independent of the MoD, with approximately two-thirds of it being incorporated into [[QinetiQ]], a [[commerce|commercial]] company owned by the MoD, and the remainder into the fully government-owned laboratory [[DSTL]]. In 2003 the [[Carlyle Group]] bought a private equity stake (~30%) in QinetiQ.


== Research ==
⚫
Some of the most important technologies developed from work at RSRE are [[radar]], [[thermography]], [[liquid crystal display]]s, [[speech synthesis]] and the [[Touchscreen]].
[[File:Portable satellite ground station, RSRE.jpg|thumb|Portable satellite ground station built in the late 1970s by RSRE, primarily for use with [[Skynet (satellite)|Skynet 2B]]. Deployed in 1979 to support the peace-keeping operation in Rhodesia.]]
⚫
Some of the most important technologies developed from work at RSRE are [[radar]], [[satellite communications]], [[thermography]], [[liquid crystal display]]s, [[speech synthesis]] and the [[Touchscreen]].

Predecessor organisation [[Signals Research and Development Establishment]] (SRDE) had been involved in the development of military [[communications satellite]]s, within the U.S. [[Defense Satellite Communications System|Interim Defense Communication Satellite Program]] (IDCSP) and the development of the British [[Skynet (satellite)|Skynet 1 and 2 satellite types]]. The SRDE establishment moved to a RSRE facility at [[RAF Defford]] near Malvern in 1980, which had the benefit of flat terrain for good [[satellite dish]] positioning and the nearby [[Bredon Hill]] for satellite simulators.<ref name=mraths-201807>{{cite web |url=https://mraths.org.uk/?page_id=2868 |title=Defford Satellite Communications |last=Harris |first=Dick |website=Malvern Radar and Technology History Society |date=July 2018 |access-date=19 January 2021}}</ref> RSRE was involved in the design and testing of Skynet 4 and its ground facilities and terminals.<ref name=rsre-198704>{{cite report |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a187005.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325162641/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a187005.pdf |url-status=live |archive-date=25 March 2020 |title=An Introduction to Military Satellite Communications |author=T C Tozer |publisher=Royal Signals and Radar Establishment |id=RSRE Memorandum 3976 |date=April 1987 |access-date=26 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=rsre-198901>{{cite report |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a209863.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815165821/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a209863.pdf |url-status=live |archive-date=15 August 2021 |title=Tactical UK Military Satellite Ground Terminals - A Research and Development Review |author=P J Skilton |publisher=Royal Signals and Radar Establishment |id=RSRE Memorandum 4262 |date=January 1989 |access-date=19 January 2021}}</ref>


Contributions to computer science made by the RSRE included [[ALGOL 68RS]] (a portable implementation of [[ALGOL 68]], following on from [[ALGOL 68R]] developed by [[Royal Radar Establishment|RRE]]), [[Coral 66]], [[Radial basis function network|radial basis function networks]], hierarchical self-organising networks ([[autoencoder|deep autoencoders]]), the [[VIPER microprocessor|VIPER]] high-integrity microprocessor, the [[ELLA (programming language)|ELLA]] hardware description language, and the [[TenDRA]] C/C++ compiler.
Contributions to computer science made by the RSRE included [[ALGOL 68RS]] (a portable implementation of [[ALGOL 68]], following on from [[ALGOL 68R]] developed by [[Royal Radar Establishment|RRE]]), [[Coral 66]], [[radial basis function network]]s, hierarchical self-organising networks ([[autoencoder|deep autoencoders]]), the [[VIPER microprocessor|VIPER]] high-integrity microprocessor, the [[ELLA (programming language)|ELLA]] hardware description language, and the [[TenDRA]] C/C++ compiler.


RSRE was an early researcher of [[TCP/IP]] in Europe, along with [[Peter T. Kirstein|Peter Kirstein's]] group at University College London and [[Norwegian Defence Research Establishment|NDRE]] in Norway.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Postel |first=J. |date=7 November 1980 |title=Internet Meeting Notes – 7-8-9 October 1980 |url=https://www.rfc-editor.org/ien/ien160.txt |access-date=9 February 2022 |postscript=none}}{{Cite web |title=Internet Meeting Notes |url=http://www.postel.org/pipermail/end2end-interest/2009-November.txt |postscript=none}};{{Cite web |title=Internet Delay Experiments |url=https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0889.txt |postscript=none}};{{Cite web|title=The Internet History|url=http://www.perflensburg.se/Privatsida/cp-web/AZXXIH.HTM|access-date=2022-02-09|website=www.perflensburg.se|postscript=none}};{{Cite news|date=2003-11-19|title=30 years of the international internet|language=en-GB|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3280897.stm|access-date=2020-07-08}}</ref> The first [[email]] sent by a [[head of state]] was sent from the RSRE over the [[ARPANET]] by Queen [[Elizabeth II]] on 26 March 1976.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Metz|first=Cade|url=https://www.wired.com/2012/12/queen-and-the-internet/|title=How the Queen of England Beat Everyone to the Internet|date=2012-12-25|magazine=Wired|access-date=2020-01-09|issn=1059-1028}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Left|first=Sarah|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2002/mar/13/internetnews|title=Email timeline|date=2002-03-13|work=The Guardian|access-date=2020-01-09|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> RSRE was allocated [[Class A network|class A Internet net]] 25 in 1979,<ref name="rfc755">{{cite web|url=https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc755|title=Assigned Numbers|last=Postel|first=J.|date=3 May 1979|publisher=USC - Information Sciences Institute|id=RFC755|access-date=6 April 2020}}</ref> which later became the Ministry of Defence address space, providing 16.7 million [[IPv4]] addresses.<ref name=ofcom-2014>{{cite report |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0031/37795/rtfm.pdf |title=Study into UK IPv4 and IPv6 allocations |id=Ofcom/140701-00 |publisher=Ofcom |work=Reid Technical Facilities Management |year=2014 |access-date=6 April 2020}}</ref>
The RSRE motto was ''Ubique Sentio'' ([[Latin]] for "I sense everywhere").


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
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{{Qinetiq}}
{{Qinetiq}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:1976 establishments in England]]
[[Category:1976 establishments in England]]
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[[Category:History of electronic engineering]]
[[Category:History of electronic engineering]]
[[Category:History of telecommunications in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:History of telecommunications in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Military communications of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Military history of Worcestershire]]
[[Category:Military history of Worcestershire]]
[[Category:Military research establishments of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Military research establishments of the United Kingdom]]

Latest revision as of 08:23, 1 August 2024

"RSRE" redirects here. For the security vulnerability, see Rogue System Register Read.

52°06′00″N 2°18′58″W / 52.100°N 2.316°W / 52.100; -2.316

Main article: Royal Radar Establishment

The Royal Signals and Radar Establishment (RSRE) was a scientific research establishment within the Ministry of Defence (MoD) of the United Kingdom. It was located primarily at Malvern in Worcestershire, England.[1] The RSRE motto was Ubique Sentio (Latin for "I sense everywhere").

History

[edit]
Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip visiting RSRE in 1976.

RSRE was formed in 1976 by an amalgamation of previous research organizations; these included the Royal Radar Establishment (RRE), itself derived from the World War II-era Telecommunications Research Establishment, the Signals Research and Development Establishment (SRDE) in Christchurch, Dorset, and the Services Electronic Research Laboratory (SERL) at Baldock.

Beginning in 1979, the SRDE and SERL moved to Malvern to join the RRE's location.[2] There were several out-stations in Worcestershire, including the ex-RAF airfields at Defford and Pershore and the satellite tracking station at Sheriffs Lench.

In April 1991 RSRE amalgamated with other defence research establishments to form the Defence Research Agency, which in April 1995 amalgamated with more organisations to form the Defence Evaluation and Research Agency. In June 2001 this became independent of the MoD, with approximately two-thirds of it being incorporated into QinetiQ, a commercial company owned by the MoD, and the remainder into the fully government-owned laboratory DSTL. In 2003 the Carlyle Group bought a private equity stake (~30%) in QinetiQ.

Forschung

[edit]
Portable satellite ground station built in the late 1970s by RSRE, primarily for use with Skynet 2B. Deployed in 1979 to support the peace-keeping operation in Rhodesia.

Some of the most important technologies developed from work at RSRE are radar, satellite communications, thermography, liquid crystal displays, speech synthesis and the Touchscreen.

Predecessor organisation Signals Research and Development Establishment (SRDE) had been involved in the development of military communications satellites, within the U.S. Interim Defense Communication Satellite Program (IDCSP) and the development of the British Skynet 1 and 2 satellite types. The SRDE establishment moved to a RSRE facility at RAF Defford near Malvern in 1980, which had the benefit of flat terrain for good satellite dish positioning and the nearby Bredon Hill for satellite simulators.[3] RSRE was involved in the design and testing of Skynet 4 and its ground facilities and terminals.[4][5]

Contributions to computer science made by the RSRE included ALGOL 68RS (a portable implementation of ALGOL 68, following on from ALGOL 68R developed by RRE), Coral 66, radial basis function networks, hierarchical self-organising networks (deep autoencoders), the VIPER high-integrity microprocessor, the ELLA hardware description language, and the TenDRA C/C++ compiler.

RSRE was an early researcher of TCP/IP in Europe, along with Peter Kirstein's group at University College London and NDRE in Norway.[6] The first email sent by a head of state was sent from the RSRE over the ARPANET by Queen Elizabeth II on 26 March 1976.[7][8] RSRE was allocated class A Internet net 25 in 1979,[9] which later became the Ministry of Defence address space, providing 16.7 million IPv4 addresses.[10]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Putley, E. H. (January 1985). "The history of the RSRE". Physics in Technology. 16 (1): 13–18. doi:10.1088/0305-4624/16/1/401.
  2. ^ Eds. Robert Bud and Philip Gummett, Cold War Hot Science: Applied Research in Britain's Defence Laboratories 1945-1990, Harwood, 1999 ISBN 90-5702-481-0
  3. ^ Harris, Dick (July 2018). "Defford Satellite Communications". Malvern Radar and Technology History Society. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
  4. ^ T C Tozer (April 1987). An Introduction to Military Satellite Communications (PDF) (Report). Royal Signals and Radar Establishment. RSRE Memorandum 3976. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
  5. ^ P J Skilton (January 1989). Tactical UK Military Satellite Ground Terminals - A Research and Development Review (PDF) (Report). Royal Signals and Radar Establishment. RSRE Memorandum 4262. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
  6. ^ Postel, J. (7 November 1980). "Internet Meeting Notes – 7-8-9 October 1980". Retrieved 9 February 2022"Internet Meeting Notes";"Internet Delay Experiments";"The Internet History". www.perflensburg.se. Retrieved 9 February 2022;"30 years of the international internet". 19 November 2003. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  7. ^ Metz, Cade (25 December 2012). "How the Queen of England Beat Everyone to the Internet". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  8. ^ Left, Sarah (13 March 2002). "Email timeline". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  9. ^ Postel, J. (3 May 1979). "Assigned Numbers". USC - Information Sciences Institute. RFC755. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
  10. ^ Study into UK IPv4 and IPv6 allocations (PDF). Reid Technical Facilities Management (Report). Ofcom. 2014. Ofcom/140701-00. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
[edit]
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