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{{Short description|Portuguese composer}}
{{More footnotes|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
|name = Carlos Seixas
|name = Carlos Seixas
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|birth_name =
|birth_name =
|birth_date = {{birth date|1704|6|11|df=y}}
|birth_date = {{birth date|1704|6|11|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Coimbra]], [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]]
|birth_place = [[Coimbra]], Portugal
|death_date = {{death date and age|1742|8|25|1704|6|11|df=y}}
|death_date = {{death date and age|1742|8|25|1704|6|11|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Lisbon]], [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]]
|death_place = [[Lisbon]], Portugal
|nationality = [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]]
|occupation = [[Composer]]
|occupation = [[Composer]]
|known_for =
|known_for =
|signature =
|signature =
}}
}}
'''José António Carlos de Seixas''' (June 11, 1704 – August 25, 1742) was a pre-eminent Portuguese composer of the 18th century. An accomplished virtuoso of both the organ and the harpsichord, Seixas succeeded his father as the organist for Coimbra Cathedral at the age of fourteen. In 1720, he departed for the capital, Lisbon, where he was to serve as the organist for the royal chapel, one of the highest offices for a musician in Portugal, a position which earned him a knighthood. Much of Seixas’ music rests in an ambiguous transitional period from the [[Baroque music|learned]] style of the 17th century to the [[Galant music|galant]] style of the 18th century.<ref>{{GroveOnline|title=Seixas, (José António) Carlos de|author=Heimes, Klaus F.|access-date=9 July 2007}}</ref>
'''José António Carlos de Seixas''' ({{IPA|pt|ˈkaɾluʃ ˈsɐjʃɐʃ|lang}}; 11 June 1704 – 25 August 1742) was a pre-eminent Portuguese composer of the 18th century. An accomplished virtuoso of both the organ and the harpsichord, Seixas succeeded his father as the organist for [[Old Cathedral of Coimbra|Coimbra Cathedral]] at the age of fourteen. In 1720, he departed for the capital, Lisbon, where he was to serve as the organist for the [[Capela Real|royal chapel]], one of the highest offices for a musician in Portugal, a position which earned him a knighthood. Much of Seixas' music rests in an ambiguous transitional period from the [[Baroque music|learned]] style of the 17th century to the [[Galant music|galant]] style of the 18th century.<ref name=Heimes>{{Cite Grove |last=Heimes |first=Klaus F. |title=Seixas, (José António) Carlos de}}</ref>


==Life==
==Life==
Seixas was born in [[Coimbra]] to Francisco Vaz and Marcelina Nunes. From a young age, he was surrounded by musical activity; his father served as the cathedral organist, and the flurry of musical activity in the local monastery of Santa Cruz had an equally important role in his musical training. In 1718, a few days before his father's death, Seixas succeeded his father as cathedral organist. Two years after, in 1720, he moved to [[Lisbon]] to take up his new position in the court of [[John V of Portugal]] as court organist and harpsichordist.<ref>SANDU, C., and D. C. IBĂNESCU. "SEIXAS AND SOLER, DEFINING FIGURES OF THE PORTUGUESE AND SPANISH BAROQUE MUSIC." ''Bulletin Of The Transilvania University Of Brasov, Series VIII: Performing Arts'' 6, no. 1 (January 2013): 59–64. ''Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost'' (accessed March 21, 2016).</ref>
Seixas was born in [[Coimbra]] to Francisco Vaz and Marcelina Nunes. From a young age, he was surrounded by musical activity; his father served as the cathedral organist, and the flurry of musical activity in the local monastery of [[Santa Cruz (Coimbra)|Santa Cruz]] had an equally important role in his musical training. In 1718, a few days before his father's death, Seixas succeeded his father as cathedral organist. Two years after, in 1720, he moved to [[Lisbon]] to take up his new position in the court of [[John V of Portugal]] as court organist and harpsichordist.<ref name=Sandu>SANDU, C., and D. C. IBĂNESCU. "SEIXAS AND SOLER, DEFINING FIGURES OF THE PORTUGUESE AND SPANISH BAROQUE MUSIC." ''Bulletin Of The Transilvania University Of Brasov, Series VIII: Performing Arts'' 6, no. 1 (January 2013): 59–64. ''Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost'' (accessed March 21, 2016).</ref>


Citing his elegance and agility on the keyboard, he was a favorite teacher of many noble families, including the family of [[:pt:Luís Xavier Furtado de Mendonça|Luís Xavier Furtado de Mendonça]], the Viscount of Barbacena, where he gave [[harpsichord]] lessons to the Viscount's wife and daughters in exchange for artistic patronage.<ref>d’Alvarenga, Joao Pedro. “Some Preliminaries in Approaching Carlos Seixas’ Keyboard Sonatas.” ''Ad Parnassum: A Journal of Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Instrumental Music'' 7, no. 13 (2009): 95–128. ''Academia.edu'' (accessed March 18, 2016).</ref> In Lisbon, Seixas met Italian composer [[Domenico Scarlatti]], who was working in Portugal from 1719 to 1728 as appointed director of the court cathedral. In an account by José Mazza in his ''Diccionario biographico de Musicos portugueses e noticia das suas composições of 1780,'' the king's brother, Dom António, arranged for Scarlatti to give Seixas harpsichord lessons. Scarlatti, immediately recognizing Seixas' talent, replied, "You can give me lessons."<ref>SANDU, C., and D. C. IBĂNESCU. "SEIXAS AND SOLER, DEFINING FIGURES OF THE PORTUGUESE AND SPANISH BAROQUE MUSIC." ''Bulletin Of The Transilvania University Of Brasov, Series VIII: Performing Arts'' 6, no. 1 (January 2013): 59–64. ''Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost'' (accessed March 21, 2016).</ref>
Citing his elegance and agility on the keyboard, he was a favorite teacher of many noble families, including the family of {{ill|Luís Xavier Furtado de Mendonça|pt}}, the Viscount of Barbacena, where he gave [[harpsichord]] lessons to the Viscount's wife and daughters in exchange for artistic patronage.<ref>d’Alvarenga, Joao Pedro. “Some Preliminaries in Approaching Carlos Seixas’ Keyboard Sonatas.” ''Ad Parnassum: A Journal of Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Instrumental Music'' 7, no. 13 (2009): 95–128. ''Academia.edu'' (accessed March 18, 2016).</ref> In Lisbon, Seixas met Italian composer [[Domenico Scarlatti]], who was working in Portugal from 1719 to 1728 as appointed director of the court cathedral. In an account by José Mazza in his ''Diccionario biographico de Musicos portugueses e noticia das suas composições of 1780,'' the king's brother, [[Infante António of Portugal|Dom António]], arranged for Scarlatti to give Seixas harpsichord lessons. Scarlatti, immediately recognizing Seixas' talent, replied, "You can give me lessons."<ref name=Sandu/>


In 1731 he was married at age twenty-eight to D. Maria Joana Tomásia da Silva, with whom he had two sons and three daughters. He was knighted in 1738 by the king, inducted into the Order of Christ. Four years later, in 1742, he died of a rheumatic fever, and was buried in the Santa Maria Basilica in Lisbon.<ref>Allison, Brian J. "Carlos Seixas: The Development of the Keyboard Sonata in Eighteenth-Century Portugal. A Lecture Recital Together with Three Recitals of Selected Works of Johann Sebastian Bach, Samuel Barber, Ludwig van Beethoven, Frederic Chopin, Cesar Franck, Sergei Prokofieff, and Alexander Scriabin." Doctoral dissertation, North Texas State University, August 1982.</ref>
In 1731 he was married at age twenty-eight to D. Maria Joana Tomásia da Silva, with whom he had two sons and three daughters. He was knighted in 1738 by the king, inducted into the [[Order of Christ (Portugal)|Order of Christ]]. Four years later, in 1742, he died of a rheumatic fever, and was buried in the [[Lisbon Cathedral|Santa Maria Basilica]] in Lisbon.<ref name=Allison>Allison, Brian J., "Carlos Seixas: The Development of the Keyboard Sonata in Eighteenth-Century Portugal. A Lecture Recital Together with Three Recitals of Selected Works of Johann Sebastian Bach, Samuel Barber, Ludwig van Beethoven, Frederic Chopin, Cesar Franck, Sergei Prokofieff, and Alexander Scriabin." Doctoral dissertation, North Texas State University, August 1982.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://editions-ava.com/pt/carlos-seixas-1704-1742|title=Editions Ava: Carlos Seixas|access-date=25 February 2021}}</ref>


==Works==
==Works==
Seixas' keyboard works were written for a variety of instruments, including the organ, harpsichord, and the clavichord. Stylistically speaking, however, his sonatas showcase a range of musical styles: some are exemplary of a Baroque toccata; some are firmly in the galant style; some are clearly influenced by the [[Germans|German]] ''[[Sensitive style|Empfindsamer Stil]]'' (literally 'sensitive style'). Despite rarely, if ever, traveling outside of Lisbon, his work also includes various geographical styles, such as the German Mannheim school, the French minuet, and the Italian style as composed by Scarlatti, his colleague and contemporary.<ref>{{GroveOnline|title=Seixas, (José António) Carlos de|author=Heimes, Klaus F.|access-date=9 July 2007}}</ref> Santiago Kastner, Seixas' biographer and editor of his pieces, describes Seixas' works as "unoccupied" with a particular form, and given over to frequent improvisation.<ref>Allison, Brian J. "Carlos Seixas: The Development of the Keyboard Sonata in Eighteenth-Century Portugal. A Lecture Recital Together with Three Recitals of Selected Works of Johann Sebastian Bach, Samuel Barber, Ludwig van Beethoven, Frederic Chopin, Cesar Franck, Sergei Prokofieff, and Alexander Scriabin." Doctoral dissertation, North Texas State University, August 1982.</ref> Much of his work was destroyed in the [[1755 Lisbon earthquake|earthquake]] that devastated Lisbon in 1755. Only three orchestral pieces and around one hundred keyboard sonatas out of over an alleged seven hundred survived, plus a handful of choral works for liturgical use (much more conservative than what one would expect from his instrumental music).
Seixas' keyboard works were written for a variety of instruments, including the organ, harpsichord, and the [[clavichord]]. Stylistically speaking, however, his sonatas showcase a range of musical styles: some are exemplary of a Baroque toccata; some are firmly in the galant style; some are clearly influenced by the [[Germans|German]] ''[[Sensitive style|Empfindsamer Stil]]'' (literally 'sensitive style'). Despite rarely, if ever, traveling outside of Lisbon, his work also includes various geographical styles, such as the German Mannheim school, the French minuet, and the Italian style as composed by Scarlatti, his colleague and contemporary.<ref name=Heimes/> Santiago Kastner, Seixas' biographer and editor of his pieces, describes Seixas' works as "unoccupied" with a particular form, and given over to frequent improvisation.<ref name=Allison/> Much of his work was destroyed in the [[1755 Lisbon earthquake|earthquake]] that devastated Lisbon in 1755. Only three orchestral pieces and around one hundred keyboard sonatas out of over an alleged seven hundred survived, plus a handful of choral works for liturgical use (much more conservative than what one would expect from his instrumental music).


[[Macario Santiago Kastner]] published collections of the sonatas in ''[[Portugaliae Musica]].''
[[Macario Santiago Kastner]] published collections of the sonatas in ''[[Portugaliae Musica]].''

==Choral works==
*[https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=8gri-NURJDU Mass] in G.
*Tantum ergo;
*Ardebat vincentius;
*Conceptio gloriosa;
*Gloriosa virginis Mariae;
*Hodie mobis caelorum;
*Sicut cedrus;
*Verbum caro;
*Dythyrambus in honorem et laudem Div. Antonii Olissiponensis.

==Instrumental works==
*[https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmDYoT2rogE Overture] in D;
*[https://imslp.org/wiki/Harpsichord_Concerto_in_A_major_(Seixas%2C_Carlos) Harpsichord Concerto] in A major;
*[https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=zirvkdNGl4A Harpsichord Concerto] in G minor;
*[https://m.youtube.com/watch?feature=emb_logo&v=ces_eTvQtwg Symphony] in B flat;
*Harpsichord and organ [http://purl.pt/17346 sonatas] and [http://purl.pt/74 toccatas].


==Selected recordings==
==Selected recordings==
*[http://www.saydisc.com/] Amon Ra CD-SAR 43 Harpsichord Sonatas played by [[Robert Woolley (musician)|Robert Woolley]] on a [[harpsichord]] made by [[Joaquim José Antunes]] in Portugal in 1785. The instrument is in the [[Finchcocks]] collection, [[Goudhurst]], [[Kent]], [[United Kingdom]]. The recording was made at [[Finchcocks]] in December 1988.
*[http://www.saydisc.com/] Amon Ra CD-SAR 43 Harpsichord Sonatas played by [[Robert Woolley (musician)|Robert Woolley]] on a [[harpsichord]] made by [[Joaquim José Antunes]] in Portugal in 1785. The instrument is in the [[Finchcocks]] collection, [[Goudhurst]], [[Kent]], [[United Kingdom]]. The recording was made at [[Finchcocks]] in December 1988.
*[http://www.dgclassics.com/] Deutsche Grammophon 453-182. Two motets (''Ardebat Vincentius'' and ''Tantum Ergo''), in a two-disc collection also containing sacred music by [[Sousa Carvalho]], [[António Teixeira]], and [[F. A. de Almeida]]. Originally recorded in 1970, with the Gulbenkian Chamber Orchestra and Chorus conducted by Pierre Salzman and Michel Corboz.
*[http://www.dgclassics.com/] Deutsche Grammophon 453-182. Two motets (''Ardebat Vincentius'' and ''Tantum Ergo''), in a two-disc collection also containing sacred music by [[Sousa Carvalho]], [[António Teixeira (composer)|António Teixeira]], and [[F. A. de Almeida]]. Originally recorded in 1970, with the Gulbenkian Chamber Orchestra and Chorus conducted by Pierre Salzman and Michel Corboz.
*[http://www.stradivarius.it/] Stradivarius STR 33544 Keyboard Sonatas played by [[Bernard Brauchli]] on a copy of a [[clavichord]] after Manuel Carmo, [[Porto]] 1796. The recording was made in [[Switzerland]] in December 1998.
*[http://www.stradivarius.it/] Stradivarius STR 33544 Keyboard Sonatas played by [[Bernard Brauchli]] on a copy of a [[clavichord]] after Manuel Carmo, [[Porto]] 1796. The recording was made in [[Switzerland]] in December 1998.
*[http://www.virginclassics.com/] [[Virgin Veritas]] 45114 Harpsichord Concerto, etc. played by Norwegian Baroque Orchestra - Ketil Haugsand.
*[http://www.virginclassics.com/] [[Virgin Veritas]] 45114 Harpsichord Concerto, etc. played by Norwegian Baroque Orchestra - Ketil Haugsand.
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*[[Vox Records|Vox]] PVT 7171 Minuet and Toccata (Largo-Allegro) played by Elena Polanska
*[[Vox Records|Vox]] PVT 7171 Minuet and Toccata (Largo-Allegro) played by Elena Polanska
* Fandango - Scarlatti in Iberia - 6 sonatas played by Sophie Yates- UPC:095115063521 cf theclassicalshop.net CHAN 635
* Fandango - Scarlatti in Iberia - 6 sonatas played by Sophie Yates- UPC:095115063521 cf theclassicalshop.net CHAN 635
*[https://archive.is/20130628010718/http://numerica.shopmania.biz/compra/carlos-seixas-sonatas-26243] [[Numerica]], 2007. Fortepiano Sonatas played by [[Cremilde Rosado Fernandes]] on a copy by Denzel Wright of an original [[pianoforte]] built by [[Bartolomeo Cristofori]]. Recorded in [[Germany]] in 2005.
*[https://archive.today/20130628010718/http://numerica.shopmania.biz/compra/carlos-seixas-sonatas-26243] [[Numerica]], 2007. Fortepiano Sonatas played by [[Cremilde Rosado Fernandes]] on a copy by Denzel Wright of an original [[pianoforte]] built by [[Bartolomeo Cristofori]]. Recorded in [[Germany]] in 2005.
*[https://archive.is/20130629175151/http://www.lojampmp.com/carlos-seixas-sonatas-i] [[Melographia Portugueza]], 2012. Harpsichord Sonatas (Complete Recording, vol. I), played by José Carlos Araújo on a historic [[harpsichord]] made by [[Joaquim José Antunes]] in Lisbon in 1758, the earliest surviving Antunes harpsichord. The instrument is in the [[Lisbon]] [[Music Museum]] collection, [[Portugal]].
*[https://archive.today/20130629175151/http://www.lojampmp.com/carlos-seixas-sonatas-i] [[Melographia Portugueza]], 2012. Harpsichord Sonatas (Complete Recording, vol. I), played by José Carlos Araújo on a historic [[harpsichord]] made by [[Joaquim José Antunes]] in Lisbon in 1758, the earliest surviving Antunes harpsichord. The instrument is in the [[Lisbon]] [[Music Museum]] collection, [[Portugal]].
*[https://archive.is/20130629174130/http://www.lojampmp.com/carlos-seixas-sonatas-ii] [[Melographia Portugueza]], 2012. Organ Sonatas (Complete Recording, vol. II), played by [[José Carlos Araújo (musician)|José Carlos Araújo]] on a historic [[organ (music)|organ]] built by [[Fr. Manuel de São Bento]] in the Benedictine Monastery of São Bento da Vitória (Porto) in 1719, the largest and most important historic organ in Porto. This is the world premiere recording of this historic organ and the first complete CD recording of Seixas' organ sonatas.
*[https://archive.today/20130629174130/http://www.lojampmp.com/carlos-seixas-sonatas-ii] [[Melographia Portugueza]], 2012. Organ Sonatas (Complete Recording, vol. II), played by [[José Carlos Araújo (musician)|José Carlos Araújo]] on a historic [[organ (music)|organ]] built by [[Fr. Manuel de São Bento]] in the Benedictine [[Igreja de São Bento da Vitória|Monastery of São Bento da Vitória]] (Porto) in 1719, the largest and most important historic organ in Porto. This is the world premiere recording of this historic organ and the first complete CD recording of Seixas' organ sonatas.
*[http://www.lojampmp.com/carlos-seixas-sonatas-iii]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Melographia Portugueza]], 2013. Harpsichord Sonatas (Complete Recording, vol. III), played by José Carlos Araújo on a historic [[harpsichord]] made by [[Joaquim José Antunes]] in Lisbon in 1758. The instrument is in the [[Lisbon]] [[Music Museum]] collection, [[Portugal]].
*[http://www.lojampmp.com/carlos-seixas-sonatas-iii]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Melographia Portugueza]], 2013. Harpsichord Sonatas (Complete Recording, vol. III), played by José Carlos Araújo on a historic [[harpsichord]] made by [[Joaquim José Antunes]] in Lisbon in 1758. The instrument is in the [[Lisbon]] [[Music Museum]] collection, [[Portugal]].
*[http://www.lojampmp.com/carlos-seixas-sonatas-iv]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Melographia Portugueza]], 2013. Harpsichord Sonatas (Complete Recording, vol. IV), played by José Carlos Araújo (harpsichords by Ton Amir and Johannes Klinkhamer (2006) after Chr. Vater, 1738, and Reinhard von Nagel (1992) after G. B. Giusti, 1693).
*[http://www.lojampmp.com/carlos-seixas-sonatas-iv]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Melographia Portugueza]], 2013. Harpsichord Sonatas (Complete Recording, vol. IV), played by José Carlos Araújo (harpsichords by Ton Amir and Johannes Klinkhamer (2006) after Chr. Vater, 1738, and Reinhard von Nagel (1992) after G. B. Giusti, 1693).
*[http://www.lojampmp.com/carlos-seixas-sonatas-v]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Melographia Portugueza]], 2013. Pianoforte Sonatas (Complete Recording, vol. V), played by José Carlos Araújo on a historical [[pianoforte]] made by [[Henri-Joseph van Casteel]] in Lisbon in 1763. The instrument is in the [[Lisbon]] [[Music Museum]] collection, [[Portugal]].
*[http://www.lojampmp.com/carlos-seixas-sonatas-v]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Melographia Portugueza]], 2013. Pianoforte Sonatas (Complete Recording, vol. V), played by José Carlos Araújo on a historical [[pianoforte]] made by [[Henri-Joseph van Casteel]] in Lisbon in 1763. The instrument is in the [[Lisbon]] [[Music Museum]] collection, [[Portugal]].
*[http://www.lojampmp.com/carlos-seixas-sonatas-vi]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Melographia Portugueza]], 2014. Organ Sonatas (Complete Recording, vol. VI), played by José Carlos Araújo on a historic [[organ (music)|organ]] built by [[D. Manuel Benito Gomez de Herrera]] in the Monastery of Arouca in 1739, one of the most important 18th-century organs in the Iberian Peninsula.
*[http://www.lojampmp.com/carlos-seixas-sonatas-vi]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Melographia Portugueza]], 2014. Organ Sonatas (Complete Recording, vol. VI), played by José Carlos Araújo on a historic [[organ (music)|organ]] built by [[D. Manuel Benito Gomez de Herrera]] in the [[Arouca Abbey|Monastery of Arouca]] in 1739, one of the most important 18th-century organs in the Iberian Peninsula.

⚫
==Bibliography==
⚫
*Allison, Brian J. "Carlos Seixas: The Development of the Keyboard Sonata in Eighteenth-Century Portugal. A Lecture Recital Together with Three Recitals of Selected Works of Johann Sebastian Bach, Samuel Barber, Ludwig van Beethoven, Frederic Chopin, Cesar Franck, Sergei Prokofieff, and Alexander Scriabin." Doctoral dissertation, North Texas State University, August 1982.
⚫
*d’Alvarenga, Joao Pedro. “Some Preliminaries in Approaching Carlos Seixas’ Keyboard Sonatas.” ''Ad Parnassum: A Journal of Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Instrumental Music'' 7, no. 13 (2009): 95–128. ''Academia.edu'' (accessed March 18, 2016).
⚫
*Bernardes, J. M. R. e Bernardes, I. R. S. (2003), Uma Discografia de Cds da Composição Musical em Portugal: Do Século XIII aos Nossos Dias, INCM, pp. 222–234. [Contém 45 referências discográficas].
⚫
*Cruz, Maria Antonieta de Lima (1943), Carlos de Seixas, Lisboa, Parceria António Maria Pereira.
⚫
*Doderer, Gerhard e Alvarenga, João Pedro (1992), Comemorações Seixas - Bomtempo, Lisboa, Secretaria de Estado da Cultura, Direcção Geral dos Espectáculos e das Artes.
*{{GroveOnline|title=Seixas, (José António) Carlos de|author=Heimes, Klaus F.|access-date=9 July 2007}}
⚫
*Heimes, K. F. (1967), Carlos Seixas’s Keyboard Sonatas, diss., Univ. South Africa.
⚫
*Heimes, K. F. (1973), ‘Carlos Seixas’s Keyboard Sonatas: The Question of D. Scarlatti’s Influence’, Congresso A Arte em Portugal no Século XVIII, Braga, pp. 447–471.
⚫
*Kastner, Macario Santiago (1947), Carlos de Seixas. Coimbra, Coimbra Editora.
⚫
*Kastner, Macario Santiago (1988), "Carlos Seixas: Sus inquietudes entre lo barroco y lo prerromántico", Barcelona, Anuário Musical, CSIC, n.º 43, pp. 163–187.
⚫
*Machado, Diogo Barbosa (1965–1967), Biblioteca Lusitana, 4 volumes, Coimbra, Atlântida Editora.
⚫
*Mazza, José (1944–1945), Dicionário Biográfico de Músicos Portugueses, ed. e notas de José Augusto Alegria, Ocidente, Lisboa, Tipografia da Editorial Império.
⚫
*Nery, Rui Vieira (1984), A Música no Ciclo da Bibliotheca Lusitana, Lisboa, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian.
⚫
*Pedrosa Cardoso, José Maria (Coord.), (2004), Carlos Seixas, de Coimbra, Coimbra, Imprensa da Universidade.
⚫
*Ribeiro, Mário de Sampaio (1939), José António Carlos de Seixas, Coimbra, Coimbra Editora, Separata de "Biblos", Volume 14.
⚫
*Sandu, Constantin. "NOTES FOR A HISTORY OF PORTUGUESE PIANO MUSIC." ''Bulletin Of The Transilvania University Of Brasov, Series VIII: Art & Sport'' 3, no. 52 (January 2010): 29–36. ''Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost'' (accessed March 19, 2016).
⚫
*SANDU, C., and D. C. IBĂNESCU. "SEIXAS AND SOLER, DEFINING FIGURES OF THE PORTUGUESE AND SPANISH BAROQUE MUSIC." ''Bulletin Of The Transilvania University Of Brasov, Series VIII: Performing Arts'' 6, no. 1 (January 2013): 59–64. ''Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost'' (accessed March 21, 2016).
⚫
* Sarrautte, Jean-Paul (1969), ‘Un compositeur portugais au XVIIIème siècle: Carlos Seixas’, Arquivos do Centro cultural português, vol. I, pp. 236–249.
⚫
*Thompson, Wendy, and Lalage Cochrane. "Seixas, (José António) Carlos de." In ''The Oxford Companion to Music''. : Oxford University Press, http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199579037.001.0001/acref-9780199579037-e-6069.
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*Vasconcelos, Joaquim de (1870), Os Músicos Portuguezes: Biografia, Bibliografia, 2 volumes, Porto, Imprensa Portugueza.
⚫
*Vieira, Ernesto (2007/1900), Diccionario Biographico de Musicos Portuguezes, Lisboa, Lambertini, Edição Facsimilada de Arquimedes Livros.


==Scores==
==Scores==
* Alvarenga, João Pedro (1995), Carlos Seixas: 12 Sonatas, Lisboa, Musicoteca.
* Alvarenga, João Pedro: ''Carlos Seixas: 12 Sonatas'' (Lisbon: Musicoteca, 1995).
* Doderer, Gerhard (1982), Organa Hispanica: Iberiche Musik des 16., 17. und 18. Jahrunderts fur Tasteninstrumente, Carlos Seixas: Ausngewahlte Sonaten I-XV, Volume 7, Heidelberg: Süddentscher Musikverlag.
* Doderer, Gerhard: ''Carlos Seixas: Ausgewählte Sonaten I-XV'' (= ''Organa Hispanica: Iberische Musik des 16., 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts für Tasteninstrumente'', volume 7) (Heidelberg: Süddeutscher Musikverlag, 1982).
* Doderer, Gerhard (1982), Organa Hispanica: Iberiche Musik des 16., 17. und 18. Jahrunderts fur Tasteninstrumente, Carlos Seixas: Ausngewahlte Sonaten XVI-XXX, Volume 8, Heidelberg: Süddentscher Musikverlag.
* Doderer, Gerhard: ''Carlos Seixas: Ausgewählte Sonaten XVI-XXX'' (= ''Organa Hispanica: Iberische Musik des 16., 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts für Tasteninstrumente'', volume 8) (Heidelberg: Süddeutscher Musikverlag, 1982).
* Kastner, Macário Santiago (1935), Cravistas Portugueses, Mainz, B. Schott’s Söhne, volume I.
* Kastner, Macário Santiago: ''Cravistas Portugueses'', volume 1 (Mainz: B. Schott's Söhne, 1935).
* Kastner, Macário Santiago (1950), Cravistas Portugueses, Mainz, B. Schott’s Söhne, volume II.
* Kastner, Macário Santiago: ''Cravistas Portugueses'', volume 2 (Mainz: B. Schott's Söhne, 1950).
* Kastner, Macário Santiago (1965), Carlos Seixas: 80 Sonatas para Tecla, Portugaliae Musica, vol. X. Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian.
* Kastner, Macário Santiago: ''Carlos Seixas. 80 Sonatas para Tecla'' (= ''Portugaliae Musica'', vol. 10) (Lisbon: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1965).
* Kastner, Macário Santiago e João Valeriano (1980), Carlos Seixas: 25 Sonatas para Instrumentos de Tecla, Portugaliae Musica, vol. XXXIV, Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian.
* Kastner, Macário Santiago and João Valeriano: ''Carlos Seixas. 25 Sonatas para Instrumentos de Tecla'' (= ''Portugaliae Musica'', vol. 34) (Lisbon: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1980).
* Lourenço, José (ed.), (2007), 12 Toccatas: Carlos Seixas, Ava Musical Editions.
* Lourenço, José (ed.): ''12 Toccatas: Carlos Seixas'' (Ava Musical Editions, 2007).
* Vasconcellos, Jorge Croner de e Fernandes, Armando José (1975), Carlos Seixas: Tocatas e Minuetes, Lisboa, Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa.
* Vasconcellos, Jorge Croner de and Fernandes, Armando José: ''Carlos Seixas: Tocatas e Minuetes'' (Lisbon: Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, 1975).


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

⚫
==Bibliography==
⚫
* Allison, Brian J.: "Carlos Seixas. The Development of the Keyboard Sonata in Eighteenth-Century Portugal. A Lecture Recital Together with Three Recitals of Selected Works of Johann Sebastian Bach, Samuel Barber, Ludwig van Beethoven, Frederic Chopin, Cesar Franck, Sergei Prokofieff, and Alexander Scriabin", doctoral dissertation, North Texas State University, August 1982.
⚫
* d'Alvarenga, Joao Pedro: "Some Preliminaries in Approaching Carlos Seixas' Keyboard Sonatas", in: ''Ad Parnassum. A Journal of Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Instrumental Music'' vol. 7 (2009), no. 13, pp. 95–128, ''academia.edu'' (accessed March 18, 2016).
⚫
* Bernardes, J. M. R. and Bernardes, I. R. S.: ''Uma Discografia de Cds da Composição Musical em Portugal: Do Século XIII aos Nossos Dias (INCM, 2003) [Contém 45 referências discográficas], pp. 222–234.
⚫
* Cruz, Maria Antonieta de Lima: ''Carlos de Seixas'' (Lisbon: Parceria António Maria Pereira, 1943).
⚫
* Doderer, Gerhard and Alvarenga, João Pedro: ''Comemorações Seixas - Bomtempo'' (Lisbon: Secretaria de Estado da Cultura, Direcção Geral dos Espectáculos e das Artes, 1992).
⚫
* Heimes, K. F.: ''Carlos Seixas's Keyboard Sonatas'', diss., University of South Africa, 1967.
⚫
* Heimes, K. F.: "Carlos Seixas's Keyboard Sonatas: The Question of D. Scarlatti's Influence", in: ''Congresso A Arte em Portugal no Século XVIII'' (Braga, 1973), pp. 447–471.
⚫
* Kastner, Macario Santiago: ''Carlos de Seixas'' (Coimbra: Coimbra Editora, 1947).
⚫
* Kastner, Macario Santiago: "Carlos Seixas: Sus inquietudes entre lo barroco y lo prerromántico", in: ''Anuário Musical'' (Barcelona: CSIC), no. 43 (1988), pp. 163–187.
⚫
* Machado, Diogo Barbosa: ''Biblioteca Lusitana'', 4 volumes (Coimbra: Atlântida Editora, 1965–1967).
⚫
* Mazza, José: ''Dicionário Biográfico de Músicos Portugueses'', ed. José Augusto Alegria (Lisbon: Tipografia da Editorial Império, 1944–1945).
⚫
* Nery, Rui Vieira: ''A Música no Ciclo da Bibliotheca Lusitana'' (Lisbon: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1984).
⚫
* Pedrosa Cardoso, José Maria (ed.): ''Carlos Seixas, de Coimbra'' (Coimbra: Imprensa da Universidade, 2004).
⚫
* Ribeiro, Mário de Sampaio: ''José António Carlos de Seixas'' (Coimbra: Coimbra Editora, Separata de "Biblos", volume 14 (1939).
⚫
* Sandu, Constantin: "Notes for a History of Portugues Piano Music", in: ''Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov'', series VIII: Art & Sport, vol. 3, no. 52 (January 2010), pp. 29–36 (accessed March 19, 2016).
⚫
* SANDU, C., and D. C. Ibănescu: "Seixas and Soler, Defining Figures of the Portuguese and Spanish Baroque Music", in: ''Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov'', series VIII: Performing Arts, vol. 6, no. 1 (January 2013), pp. 59–64 (accessed March 21, 2016).
⚫
* Sarrautte, Jean-Paul: "Un compositeur portugais au XVIIIème siècle: Carlos Seixas", in: ''Arquivos do Centro cultural português'', vol. 1 (1969), pp. 236–249.
⚫
* Thompson, Wendy, and Lalage Cochrane: "Seixas, (José António) Carlos de", in: ''The Oxford Companion to Music'' ( Oxford University Press, http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199579037.001.0001/acref-9780199579037-e-6069).
⚫
* Vasconcelos, Joaquim de: ''Os Músicos Portuguezes: Biografia, Bibliografia'', 2 volumes (Porto: Imprensa Portugueza, 1870).
⚫
* Vieira, Ernesto: ''Diccionario Biographico de Musicos Portuguezes'' (Lisboa: Lambertini, Edição Facsimilada de Arquimedes Livros, 2007/1900).


==External links==
==External links==
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[[Category:Portuguese classical composers]]
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[[Category:Portuguese harpsichordists]]
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[[Category:People from Coimbra]]
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[[Category:18th-century Portuguese musicians]]
[[Category:18th-century classical composers]]
[[Category:18th-century classical composers]]
[[Category:18th-century male musicians]]
[[Category:18th-century keyboardists]]
[[Category:18th-century keyboardists]]
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[[Category:18th-century male musicians]]
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[[Category:18th-century Portuguese musicians]]
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[[Category:Composers for harpsichord]]
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[[Category:Portuguese Baroque composers]]
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[[Category:Portuguese harpsichordists]]
[[Category:Portuguese male classical composers]]
[[Category:Portuguese male classical composers]]

Latest revision as of 01:40, 9 August 2024

Carlos Seixas
Born(1704-06-11)11 June 1704
Coimbra, Portugal
Died25 August 1742(1742-08-25) (aged 38)
Lisbon, Portugal
OccupationComposer

José António Carlos de Seixas (Portuguese: [ˈkaɾluʃ ˈsɐjʃɐʃ]; 11 June 1704 – 25 August 1742) was a pre-eminent Portuguese composer of the 18th century. An accomplished virtuoso of both the organ and the harpsichord, Seixas succeeded his father as the organist for Coimbra Cathedral at the age of fourteen. In 1720, he departed for the capital, Lisbon, where he was to serve as the organist for the royal chapel, one of the highest offices for a musician in Portugal, a position which earned him a knighthood. Much of Seixas' music rests in an ambiguous transitional period from the learned style of the 17th century to the galant style of the 18th century.[1]

Leben

[edit]

Seixas was born in Coimbra to Francisco Vaz and Marcelina Nunes. From a young age, he was surrounded by musical activity; his father served as the cathedral organist, and the flurry of musical activity in the local monastery of Santa Cruz had an equally important role in his musical training. In 1718, a few days before his father's death, Seixas succeeded his father as cathedral organist. Two years after, in 1720, he moved to Lisbon to take up his new position in the court of John V of Portugal as court organist and harpsichordist.[2]

Citing his elegance and agility on the keyboard, he was a favorite teacher of many noble families, including the family of Luís Xavier Furtado de Mendonça [pt], the Viscount of Barbacena, where he gave harpsichord lessons to the Viscount's wife and daughters in exchange for artistic patronage.[3] In Lisbon, Seixas met Italian composer Domenico Scarlatti, who was working in Portugal from 1719 to 1728 as appointed director of the court cathedral. In an account by José Mazza in his Diccionario biographico de Musicos portugueses e noticia das suas composições of 1780, the king's brother, Dom António, arranged for Scarlatti to give Seixas harpsichord lessons. Scarlatti, immediately recognizing Seixas' talent, replied, "You can give me lessons."[2]

In 1731 he was married at age twenty-eight to D. Maria Joana Tomásia da Silva, with whom he had two sons and three daughters. He was knighted in 1738 by the king, inducted into the Order of Christ. Four years later, in 1742, he died of a rheumatic fever, and was buried in the Santa Maria Basilica in Lisbon.[4] [5]

Works

[edit]

Seixas' keyboard works were written for a variety of instruments, including the organ, harpsichord, and the clavichord. Stylistically speaking, however, his sonatas showcase a range of musical styles: some are exemplary of a Baroque toccata; some are firmly in the galant style; some are clearly influenced by the German Empfindsamer Stil (literally 'sensitive style'). Despite rarely, if ever, traveling outside of Lisbon, his work also includes various geographical styles, such as the German Mannheim school, the French minuet, and the Italian style as composed by Scarlatti, his colleague and contemporary.[1] Santiago Kastner, Seixas' biographer and editor of his pieces, describes Seixas' works as "unoccupied" with a particular form, and given over to frequent improvisation.[4] Much of his work was destroyed in the earthquake that devastated Lisbon in 1755. Only three orchestral pieces and around one hundred keyboard sonatas out of over an alleged seven hundred survived, plus a handful of choral works for liturgical use (much more conservative than what one would expect from his instrumental music).

Macario Santiago Kastner published collections of the sonatas in Portugaliae Musica.

Choral works

[edit]
  • Mass in G.
  • Tantum ergo;
  • Ardebat vincentius;
  • Conceptio gloriosa;
  • Gloriosa virginis Mariae;
  • Hodie mobis caelorum;
  • Sicut cedrus;
  • Verbum caro;
  • Dythyrambus in honorem et laudem Div. Antonii Olissiponensis.

Instrumental works

[edit]

Selected recordings

[edit]

Scores

[edit]
  • Alvarenga, João Pedro: Carlos Seixas: 12 Sonatas (Lisbon: Musicoteca, 1995).
  • Doderer, Gerhard: Carlos Seixas: Ausgewählte Sonaten I-XV (= Organa Hispanica: Iberische Musik des 16., 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts für Tasteninstrumente, volume 7) (Heidelberg: Süddeutscher Musikverlag, 1982).
  • Doderer, Gerhard: Carlos Seixas: Ausgewählte Sonaten XVI-XXX (= Organa Hispanica: Iberische Musik des 16., 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts für Tasteninstrumente, volume 8) (Heidelberg: Süddeutscher Musikverlag, 1982).
  • Kastner, Macário Santiago: Cravistas Portugueses, volume 1 (Mainz: B. Schott's Söhne, 1935).
  • Kastner, Macário Santiago: Cravistas Portugueses, volume 2 (Mainz: B. Schott's Söhne, 1950).
  • Kastner, Macário Santiago: Carlos Seixas. 80 Sonatas para Tecla (= Portugaliae Musica, vol. 10) (Lisbon: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1965).
  • Kastner, Macário Santiago and João Valeriano: Carlos Seixas. 25 Sonatas para Instrumentos de Tecla (= Portugaliae Musica, vol. 34) (Lisbon: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1980).
  • Lourenço, José (ed.): 12 Toccatas: Carlos Seixas (Ava Musical Editions, 2007).
  • Vasconcellos, Jorge Croner de and Fernandes, Armando José: Carlos Seixas: Tocatas e Minuetes (Lisbon: Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, 1975).

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Heimes, Klaus F. (2001). "Seixas, (José António) Carlos de". In Sadie, Stanley; Tyrrell, John (eds.). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (2nd ed.). London: Macmillan Publishers. ISBN 978-1-56159-239-5.‎
  2. ^ a b SANDU, C., and D. C. IBĂNESCU. "SEIXAS AND SOLER, DEFINING FIGURES OF THE PORTUGUESE AND SPANISH BAROQUE MUSIC." Bulletin Of The Transilvania University Of Brasov, Series VIII: Performing Arts 6, no. 1 (January 2013): 59–64. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed March 21, 2016).
  3. ^ d’Alvarenga, Joao Pedro. “Some Preliminaries in Approaching Carlos Seixas’ Keyboard Sonatas.” Ad Parnassum: A Journal of Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Instrumental Music 7, no. 13 (2009): 95–128. Academia.edu (accessed March 18, 2016).
  4. ^ a b Allison, Brian J., "Carlos Seixas: The Development of the Keyboard Sonata in Eighteenth-Century Portugal. A Lecture Recital Together with Three Recitals of Selected Works of Johann Sebastian Bach, Samuel Barber, Ludwig van Beethoven, Frederic Chopin, Cesar Franck, Sergei Prokofieff, and Alexander Scriabin." Doctoral dissertation, North Texas State University, August 1982.
  5. ^ "Editions Ava: Carlos Seixas". Retrieved 25 February 2021.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Allison, Brian J.: "Carlos Seixas. The Development of the Keyboard Sonata in Eighteenth-Century Portugal. A Lecture Recital Together with Three Recitals of Selected Works of Johann Sebastian Bach, Samuel Barber, Ludwig van Beethoven, Frederic Chopin, Cesar Franck, Sergei Prokofieff, and Alexander Scriabin", doctoral dissertation, North Texas State University, August 1982.
  • d'Alvarenga, Joao Pedro: "Some Preliminaries in Approaching Carlos Seixas' Keyboard Sonatas", in: Ad Parnassum. A Journal of Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Instrumental Music vol. 7 (2009), no. 13, pp. 95–128, academia.edu (accessed March 18, 2016).
  • Bernardes, J. M. R. and Bernardes, I. R. S.: Uma Discografia de Cds da Composição Musical em Portugal: Do Século XIII aos Nossos Dias (INCM, 2003) [Contém 45 referências discográficas], pp. 222–234.
  • Cruz, Maria Antonieta de Lima: Carlos de Seixas (Lisbon: Parceria António Maria Pereira, 1943).
  • Doderer, Gerhard and Alvarenga, João Pedro: Comemorações Seixas - Bomtempo (Lisbon: Secretaria de Estado da Cultura, Direcção Geral dos Espectáculos e das Artes, 1992).
  • Heimes, K. F.: Carlos Seixas's Keyboard Sonatas, diss., University of South Africa, 1967.
  • Heimes, K. F.: "Carlos Seixas's Keyboard Sonatas: The Question of D. Scarlatti's Influence", in: Congresso A Arte em Portugal no Século XVIII (Braga, 1973), pp. 447–471.
  • Kastner, Macario Santiago: Carlos de Seixas (Coimbra: Coimbra Editora, 1947).
  • Kastner, Macario Santiago: "Carlos Seixas: Sus inquietudes entre lo barroco y lo prerromántico", in: Anuário Musical (Barcelona: CSIC), no. 43 (1988), pp. 163–187.
  • Machado, Diogo Barbosa: Biblioteca Lusitana, 4 volumes (Coimbra: Atlântida Editora, 1965–1967).
  • Mazza, José: Dicionário Biográfico de Músicos Portugueses, ed. José Augusto Alegria (Lisbon: Tipografia da Editorial Império, 1944–1945).
  • Nery, Rui Vieira: A Música no Ciclo da Bibliotheca Lusitana (Lisbon: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1984).
  • Pedrosa Cardoso, José Maria (ed.): Carlos Seixas, de Coimbra (Coimbra: Imprensa da Universidade, 2004).
  • Ribeiro, Mário de Sampaio: José António Carlos de Seixas (Coimbra: Coimbra Editora, Separata de "Biblos", volume 14 (1939).
  • Sandu, Constantin: "Notes for a History of Portugues Piano Music", in: Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov, series VIII: Art & Sport, vol. 3, no. 52 (January 2010), pp. 29–36 (accessed March 19, 2016).
  • SANDU, C., and D. C. Ibănescu: "Seixas and Soler, Defining Figures of the Portuguese and Spanish Baroque Music", in: Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov, series VIII: Performing Arts, vol. 6, no. 1 (January 2013), pp. 59–64 (accessed March 21, 2016).
  • Sarrautte, Jean-Paul: "Un compositeur portugais au XVIIIème siècle: Carlos Seixas", in: Arquivos do Centro cultural português, vol. 1 (1969), pp. 236–249.
  • Thompson, Wendy, and Lalage Cochrane: "Seixas, (José António) Carlos de", in: The Oxford Companion to Music ( Oxford University Press, http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199579037.001.0001/acref-9780199579037-e-6069).
  • Vasconcelos, Joaquim de: Os Músicos Portuguezes: Biografia, Bibliografia, 2 volumes (Porto: Imprensa Portugueza, 1870).
  • Vieira, Ernesto: Diccionario Biographico de Musicos Portuguezes (Lisboa: Lambertini, Edição Facsimilada de Arquimedes Livros, 2007/1900).
[edit]
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