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{{Short description|Chinese submarine-launched ballistic missile}}
⚫
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox weapon
{{Infobox weapon
|name= Julang-2 (JL-2)
|name= Julang-2 (JL-2)
| image= Julang-2 SLBM.jpg
| image= JL-1 and JL-2.PNG
| image_size = 250
| image_size = 250
|caption= A JL-2 launch.
|caption=
|origin= [[People's Republic of China]]
|origin= [[People's Republic of China]]
|type= SLBM
|type= SLBM
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|is_UK=
|is_UK=
<!-- Service history -->
<!-- Service history -->
|service= Active as of 2015<ref name="Fisher">{{Cite journal|last=Fisher|first=Richard D., Jr.|title=China advances sea- and land-based nuclear deterrent capabilities|journal=Jane's Defence Weekly|volume=53|issue=6|date=16 December 2015|publisher=Jane's Information Group|location=Surrey, UK|issn=0265-3818}}</ref>
|service= Active as of 2015<ref name="Fisher">{{Cite journal|last=Fisher|first=Richard D. Jr.|title=China advances sea- and land-based nuclear deterrent capabilities|journal=Jane's Defence Weekly|volume=53|issue=6|date=16 December 2015|publisher=Jane's Information Group|location=Surrey, UK|issn=0265-3818}}</ref>


|used_by= [[People's Liberation Army Navy]]
|used_by= [[People's Liberation Army Navy]]
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<!-- General specifications -->
<!-- General specifications -->
|spec_label=
|spec_label=
|weight={{convert|42000|kg|lb}}<ref name="mt">http://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/ju-lang-2-jl-2/ CSIS Missile Threat - JL-2</ref>
|weight={{convert|42000|kg|lb}}<ref name="mt">https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/jl-2/ CSIS Missile Threat - JL-2</ref>
|length= {{convert|13|m|ft}}<ref name="mt" />
|length= {{convert|13|m|ft}}<ref name="mt" />
|part_length=
|part_length=
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|crew=
|crew=
<!-- Explosive specifications -->
<!-- Explosive specifications -->
|filling=1 nuclear warhead<ref name="us_nasic_2017-33">[[National Air and Space Intelligence Center]] (2017: 33)</ref>
|filling=single<ref name="us_nasic_2017-33">[[National Air and Space Intelligence Center]] (2017: 33)</ref> or 1-3 [[MIRV]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2020/may-2020/8344-chinese-navy-has-now-six-type-094a-jin-class-nuclear-powered-ballistic-missile-submarines.html|title = Chinese Navy has now six Type 094A Jin-class nuclear powered ballistic missile submarines}}</ref> or 3-8 MIRV [[nuclear warhead]]<ref name="mt" />
|filling_weight=
|filling_weight=
|detonation=
|detonation=
|yield=1 Mt<ref name="jane">{{cite web |last=Rahmat |first=Ridzwan |url=http://www.janes.com/article/35965/pacom-chief-says-china-will-deploy-long-range-nuclear-missiles-on-subs-this-year |title=PACOM chief says China will deploy long-range nuclear missiles on subs this year |website=janes.com |date=25 March 2014 |accessdate=26 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330062057/https://www.janes.com/article/35965/pacom-chief-says-china-will-deploy-long-range-nuclear-missiles-on-subs-this-year |archive-date=30 March 2014}}</ref>
|yield={{convert|1|MtonTNT|lk=in}} single,<ref name="jane">{{cite web |last=Rahmat |first=Ridzwan |url=http://www.janes.com/article/35965/pacom-chief-says-china-will-deploy-long-range-nuclear-missiles-on-subs-this-year |title=PACOM chief says China will deploy long-range nuclear missiles on subs this year |website=janes.com |date=25 March 2014 |access-date=26 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330062057/https://www.janes.com/article/35965/pacom-chief-says-china-will-deploy-long-range-nuclear-missiles-on-subs-this-year |archive-date=30 March 2014}}</ref> or 1-3 MIRV <ref name="auto"/> 20/90/150kt <ref name="mt"/>
<!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->
<!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->
|armour=
|armour=
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|transport=
|transport=
}}
}}

The '''JL-2''' ({{zh|c=巨浪-2|p=Jù Làng Èr|l=Giant Wave 2}}, NATO reporting name '''CSS-N-14''') is a [[People's Republic of China|Chinese]] second-generation [[Intercontinental ballistic missile|intercontinental-range]] [[submarine-launched ballistic missile]] (SLBM) deployed on the [[People's Liberation Army Navy]]'s (PLAN) [[Type 094 submarine]]s. It succeeds the [[JL-1]] SLBM deployed on the [[Type 092 submarine]].<ref name="us_dod_2018-29">[[United States Department of Defense]] (2018: 29)</ref>
The '''JL-2''' ({{zh|c=巨浪-2|p=Jù Làng Èr|l=Giant Wave 2}}, NATO reporting name '''CSS-N-14''') is a [[People's Republic of China|Chinese]] second-generation [[Intercontinental ballistic missile|intercontinental-range]] [[submarine-launched ballistic missile]] (SLBM) deployed on the [[People's Liberation Army Navy]]'s (PLAN) [[Type 094 submarine]]s. It succeeds the [[JL-1]] SLBM deployed on the [[Type 092 submarine]].<ref name="us_dod_2018-29">[[United States Department of Defense]] (2018: 29)</ref>


The JL-2 is the first Chinese SLBM that allows PLAN ballistic missile submarines to strike portions of the United States from the Chinese coast,<ref name="us_nasic_2017-30">[[National Air and Space Intelligence Center]] (2017: 30)</ref> and provide China with a viable sea-based nuclear deterrent.<ref name="us_dod_2018-29"/>
The JL-2 provides China with its first viable sea-based nuclear deterrent.<ref name="us_dod_2018-29"/>


==Development==
==Development==
The JL-2 is a naval variant of the land-based [[DF-31]].<ref name="globalsecurity">{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/china/jl-2.htm |title=JL-2 (CSS-NX-14) |website=Globalsecurity.org |date=20 April 2014 |accessdate=26 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="wonk">{{cite web |last=Lewis |first=Jeffrey |url=http://lewis.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/651/jl-2-slbm-flight-test |title=JL-2 SLBM Flight Test |website=armscontrolwonk.com |date=25 June 2005 |accessdate=26 January 2015}}</ref> Their common 2-metre diameter solid fuel rocket motor was successfully tested in late 1983,<ref name="globalsecurity"/> and research and development efforts were reorganized starting in 1985 to produce both missiles.<ref name="wonk"/>
The JL-2 is a naval variant of the land-based [[DF-31]].<ref name="globalsecurity">{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/china/jl-2.htm |title=JL-2 (CSS-NX-14) |website=Globalsecurity.org |date=20 April 2014 |access-date=26 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="wonk">{{cite web |last=Lewis |first=Jeffrey |url=http://lewis.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/651/jl-2-slbm-flight-test |title=JL-2 SLBM Flight Test |website=armscontrolwonk.com |date=25 June 2005 |access-date=26 January 2015 |archive-date=15 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215112552/http://lewis.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/651/jl-2-slbm-flight-test |url-status=dead }}</ref> Their common 2-metre diameter solid fuel rocket motor was successfully tested in late 1983,<ref name="globalsecurity"/> and research and development efforts were reorganized starting in 1985 to produce both missiles.<ref name="wonk"/>


The first JL-2 at-sea launch occurred in 2001 from a [[Golf-class submarine|Type 031 submarine]].<ref name="globalsecurity"/><ref name="wonk"/> The program was delayed after a failed test in 2004.<ref name="globalsecurity"/> Successful launches occurred in 2005 and 2008. The missile was successfully fired from a [[Type 094 submarine]], the intended operational platform, for the first time in 2009.<ref name="globalsecurity"/> A series of test launches occurred in 2012.<ref name="cmpr2013">{{Cite report|author=United States Department of Defense |authorlink=United States Department of Defense |date=May 2013 |title=Annual Report To Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2013 |url=http://www.defense.gov/pubs/2013_China_Report_FINAL.pdf |page=31 |accessdate=24 January 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113120816/http://www.defense.gov/pubs/2013_china_report_final.pdf |archivedate=13 January 2015 |df= }}</ref><ref name="gertz2012">{{cite web|last=Gertz |first=Bill |url=http://freebeacon.com/ready-to-launch/ |title=Ready To Launch: China conducts rare flight test of new submarine-launched missile |publisher=The Washington Free Beacon |date=21 August 2012|accessdate=15 January 2013}}</ref> Another test launch occurred in January 2015.<ref name="gertz2015">{{cite web|last=Gertz |first=Bill |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/feb/18/inside-the-ring-china-tests-nuclear-missile-for-su/ |title=China conducts JL-2 sub missile test |publisher=The Washington Times |date=18 February 2015 |accessdate=10 March 2015}}</ref>
The first JL-2 at-sea launch occurred in 2001 from a [[Golf-class submarine|Type 031 submarine]].<ref name="globalsecurity"/><ref name="wonk"/> The program was delayed after a failed test in 2004.<ref name="globalsecurity"/> Successful launches occurred in 2005 and 2008. The missile was successfully fired from a [[Type 094 submarine]], the intended operational platform, for the first time in 2009.<ref name="globalsecurity"/> A series of test launches occurred in 2012.<ref name="cmpr2013">{{Cite report|author=United States Department of Defense |author-link=United States Department of Defense |date=May 2013 |title=Annual Report To Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2013 |url=http://www.defense.gov/pubs/2013_China_Report_FINAL.pdf |page=31 |access-date=24 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113120816/http://www.defense.gov/pubs/2013_china_report_final.pdf |archive-date=13 January 2015 }}</ref>


During the development of the missile, it was reported that China was considering modifying the missile to accommodate an [[Anti-satellite weapon|anti-satellite warhead]] to give it a sea-based anti-satellite capability.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gertz|first=Bill|url=https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-173569417|title=Submarine ASAT|date=18 January 2008|newspaper=Washington Post|accessdate=18 May 2015|subscription=yes|via=[[Questia Online Library]]}}</ref>
During the development of the missile, it was reported that China was considering modifying the missile to accommodate an [[Anti-satellite weapon|anti-satellite warhead]] to give it a sea-based anti-satellite capability.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gertz|first=Bill|url=https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-173569417|title=Submarine ASAT|date=18 January 2008|newspaper=Washington Post|access-date=|url-access= |via=}}{{dl|date=July 2021}}</ref>


Type 094 deterrence patrols with JL-2 missiles began in December 2015.<ref name="Fisher">{{Cite journal|last=Fisher|first=Richard D., Jr.|title=China advances sea- and land-based nuclear deterrent capabilities|journal=Jane's Defence Weekly|volume=53|issue=6|date=16 December 2015|publisher=Jane's Information Group|location=Surrey, UK|issn=0265-3818}}</ref>
Type 094 deterrence patrols with JL-2 missiles began in December 2015.<ref name="Fisher"/>


{{As of|2017}}, 48 JL-2 launchers are deployed on submarines.<ref name="us_nasic_2017-33"/>
{{As of|2017}}, 48 JL-2 launchers are deployed on submarines.<ref name="us_nasic_2017-33"/>


==Description==
==Description==
The JL-2 is a three-stage, solid-fuelled missile,<ref name="us_nasic_2017-33"/> with a maximum range of {{convert|7200|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="us_dod_2018-38"/> Payload is a single<ref name="us_nasic_2017-33"/> 1 Mt warhead.<ref name="jane"/>
The JL-2 is a three-stage, solid-fueled missile,<ref name="us_nasic_2017-33"/> with a maximum range of {{convert|7200|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="us_dod_2018-38"/> Its payload is a single<ref name="us_nasic_2017-33"/> 1 [[TNT equivalent|Megaton]] warhead<ref name="jane"/> or 3-8 MIRVs with yields of 20, 90, or 150kt.<ref name="mt"/>

==See also==
* [[JL-1]]
* [[JL-3]]
* [[R-29 Vysota]]
* [[R-29RM Shtil]]
* [[R-29RMU Sineva]]
* [[R-29RMU2 Layner]]
* [[RSM-56 Bulava]]
* [[UGM-133 Trident II]]
* [[M45 (missile)]]
* [[M51 (missile)]]
* [[K Missile family]]
* [[Pukkuksong-1]]
* [[R-39 Rif]]
* [[R-39M]]


== References ==
== References ==
Line 101: Line 88:


=== Sources ===
=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite report |author=United States Department of Defense |authorlink=United States Department of Defense |date=May 2018 |title=Annual Report To Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2018 |url=https://media.defense.gov/2018/Aug/16/2001955282/-1/-1/1/2018-CHINA-MILITARY-POWER-REPORT.PDF |accessdate=29 December 2018}}
* {{cite report |author=United States Department of Defense |author-link=United States Department of Defense |date=May 2018 |title=Annual Report To Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2018 |url=https://media.defense.gov/2018/Aug/16/2001955282/-1/-1/1/2018-CHINA-MILITARY-POWER-REPORT.PDF |access-date=29 December 2018}}
* {{cite report |author=United States National Air and Space Intelligence Center |authorlink=National Air and Space Intelligence Center |date=June 2017 |title=Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threat |id=NASIC-1031-0985-17 |url=https://www.nasic.af.mil/Portals/19/images/Fact%20Sheet%20Images/2017%20Ballistic%20and%20Cruise%20Missile%20Threat_Final_small.pdf?ver=2017-07-21-083234-343 |accessdate=20 July 2017}}
* {{cite report |author=United States National Air and Space Intelligence Center |author-link=National Air and Space Intelligence Center |date=June 2017 |title=Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threat |id=NASIC-1031-0985-17 |url=https://www.nasic.af.mil/Portals/19/images/Fact%20Sheet%20Images/2017%20Ballistic%20and%20Cruise%20Missile%20Threat_Final_small.pdf?ver=2017-07-21-083234-343 |access-date=20 July 2017}}
{{refend}}
{{Refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/ju-lang-2-jl-2/ CSIS Missile Threat - Ju Lang-2]
* [http://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/ju-lang-2-jl-2/ CSIS Missile Threat - Ju Lang-2]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20030904115559/http://astronautix.com/lvs/jl2.htm JL-2] from Mark Wade's Encyclopedia Astronautica
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030904115559/http://astronautix.com/lvs/jl2.htm JL-2] from Mark Wade's Encyclopedia Astronautica


{{Chinese_Missiles}}
{{Chinese_Missiles}}

⚫
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Jl-2}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jl-2}}
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[[Category:Nuclear weapons of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Nuclear weapons of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:1980s establishments in China]]
[[Category:1980s establishments in China]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 2010s]]

Latest revision as of 16:52, 10 August 2024

Julang-2 (JL-2)
TypSLBM
Place of originPeople's Republic of China
Service history
In serviceActive as of 2015[1]
Used byPeople's Liberation Army Navy
Specifications
Mass42,000 kilograms (93,000 lb)[2]
Length13 metres (43 ft)[2]
Warheadsingle[3] or 1-3 MIRV[4] or 3-8 MIRV nuclear warhead[2]
Blast yield1 megaton of TNT (4.2 PJ) single,[5] or 1-3 MIRV [4] 20/90/150kt [2]
PropellantSolid-fuel rocket[3]
Operational
range
7,200 km (4,500 mi)[6]
Guidance
system
Astro-inertial[5] with Beidou[2]
Launch
platform
Type 094 submarine[7]

The JL-2 (Chinese: 巨浪-2; pinyin: Jù Làng Èr; lit. 'Giant Wave 2', NATO reporting name CSS-N-14) is a Chinese second-generation intercontinental-range submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) deployed on the People's Liberation Army Navy's (PLAN) Type 094 submarines. It succeeds the JL-1 SLBM deployed on the Type 092 submarine.[7]

The JL-2 provides China with its first viable sea-based nuclear deterrent.[7]

Development

[edit]

The JL-2 is a naval variant of the land-based DF-31.[8][9] Their common 2-metre diameter solid fuel rocket motor was successfully tested in late 1983,[8] and research and development efforts were reorganized starting in 1985 to produce both missiles.[9]

The first JL-2 at-sea launch occurred in 2001 from a Type 031 submarine.[8][9] The program was delayed after a failed test in 2004.[8] Successful launches occurred in 2005 and 2008. The missile was successfully fired from a Type 094 submarine, the intended operational platform, for the first time in 2009.[8] A series of test launches occurred in 2012.[10]

During the development of the missile, it was reported that China was considering modifying the missile to accommodate an anti-satellite warhead to give it a sea-based anti-satellite capability.[11]

Type 094 deterrence patrols with JL-2 missiles began in December 2015.[1]

As of 2017, 48 JL-2 launchers are deployed on submarines.[3]

Description

[edit]

The JL-2 is a three-stage, solid-fueled missile,[3] with a maximum range of 7,200 km (4,500 mi).[6] Its payload is a single[3] 1 Megaton warhead[5] or 3-8 MIRVs with yields of 20, 90, or 150kt.[2]

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Fisher, Richard D. Jr. (16 December 2015). "China advances sea- and land-based nuclear deterrent capabilities". Jane's Defence Weekly. 53 (6). Surrey, UK: Jane's Information Group. ISSN 0265-3818.
  2. ^ a b c d e f https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/jl-2/ CSIS Missile Threat - JL-2
  3. ^ a b c d e National Air and Space Intelligence Center (2017: 33)
  4. ^ a b "Chinese Navy has now six Type 094A Jin-class nuclear powered ballistic missile submarines".
  5. ^ a b c Rahmat, Ridzwan (25 March 2014). "PACOM chief says China will deploy long-range nuclear missiles on subs this year". janes.com. Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
  6. ^ a b United States Department of Defense (2018: 38)
  7. ^ a b c United States Department of Defense (2018: 29)
  8. ^ a b c d e "JL-2 (CSS-NX-14)". Globalsecurity.org. 20 April 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
  9. ^ a b c Lewis, Jeffrey (25 June 2005). "JL-2 SLBM Flight Test". armscontrolwonk.com. Archived from the original on 15 December 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
  10. ^ United States Department of Defense (May 2013). Annual Report To Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2013 (PDF) (Report). p. 31. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 January 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  11. ^ Gertz, Bill (18 January 2008). "Submarine ASAT". Washington Post.[dead link]

Sources

[edit]
[edit]
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