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==Career==
==Career==
Munenori entered the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu at a young age, and later was an instructor of swordsmanship to Ieyasu's son [[Tokugawa Hidetada|Hidetada]]. Still later, he became one of the primary advisors of the third shōgun [[Tokugawa Iemitsu|Iemitsu]].
Munenori entered the service of [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] at a young age, and later was an instructor of swordsmanship to Ieyasu's son [[Tokugawa Hidetada|Hidetada]]. Still later, he became one of the primary advisors of the third shōgun [[Tokugawa Iemitsu|Iemitsu]].


Shortly before his death in 1606, Sekishusai passed the leadership of Yagyū Shinkage-ryū to his grandson [[Yagyu Toshiyoshi|Toshiyoshi]].<ref name="Wilson">Wilson, William Scott, "Introduction", ''The Life-Giving Sword'' by Yagyu Munenori, trans. [[William Scott Wilson]], Kodansha International, 2003.</ref> Following a period of [[Musha shugyo|musha shugyō]], Toshiyoshi entered the service of a cadet branch of the Tokugawa clan that controlled the Owari province. Toshiyoshi's school was based in [[Nagoya]] and came to be called {{transl|ja|Owari Yagyū-ryū}} ({{lang|ja|尾張柳生流}}), while Munenori's, in [[Edo]], the Tokugawa capital, came to be known as {{transl|ja|Edo Yagyū-ryū}} ({{lang|ja|江戸柳生流}}). Takenaga Hayato, the founder of the ''Yagyū Shingan-ryū'', was a disciple of Yagyū Munenori and received ''gokui'' (secret teachings) of the Yagyū Shinkage-ryū from him.
Shortly before his death in 1606, Sekishusai passed the leadership of Yagyū Shinkage-ryū to his grandson [[Yagyu Toshiyoshi|Toshiyoshi]].<ref name="Wilson">Wilson, William Scott, "Introduction", ''The Life-Giving Sword'' by Yagyu Munenori, trans. [[William Scott Wilson]], Kodansha International, 2003.</ref> Following a period of [[Musha shugyo|musha shugyō]], Toshiyoshi entered the service of a cadet branch of the Tokugawa clan that controlled the Owari province. Toshiyoshi's school was based in [[Nagoya]] and came to be called {{transl|ja|Owari Yagyū-ryū}} ({{lang|ja|尾張柳生流}}), while Munenori's, in [[Edo]], the Tokugawa capital, came to be known as {{transl|ja|Edo Yagyū-ryū}} ({{lang|ja|江戸柳生流}}). Takenaga Hayato, the founder of the ''Yagyū Shingan-ryū'', was a disciple of Yagyū Munenori and received ''gokui'' (secret teachings) of the Yagyū Shinkage-ryū from him.
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Munenori's sons, [[Yagyū Jūbei Mitsuyoshi]] and [[Yagyū Munefuyu]], were also famous swordsmen.
Munenori's sons, [[Yagyū Jūbei Mitsuyoshi]] and [[Yagyū Munefuyu]], were also famous swordsmen.


The essay "The Mysterious Record of Immovable Wisdom" by [[Takuan Sōhō]] was a letter written from Sōhō to Munenori.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sōhō|first=Takuan|title=The Unfettered Mind: Writings from a Zen Master to a Master Swordsman|publisher=Shambala|year=2012|isbn=978-1-59030-986-5|location=Boulder, CO|pages=xiv|translator-last=Wilson|translator-first=William Scott}}</ref>
The essay "The Mysterious Record of Immovable Wisdom" by [[Takuan Sōhō]] was a letter written from Sōhō to Munenori.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sōhō|first=Takuan|title=The Unfettered Mind: Writings from a Zen Master to a Master Swordsman|publisher=Shambala|year=2012|isbn=978-1-59030-986-5|location=Boulder, CO|pages=xiv|translator-last=Wilson|translator-first=William Scott}}</ref>


==Depictions in film==
==Depictions in Media==
*{{transl|ja|Akai kage-bōshi}} (''The Red Shadow''), 1962 – played by [[Denjirō Ōkōchi]]
*{{transl|ja|Akai kage-bōshi}} (''The Red Shadow''), 1962 – played by [[Denjirō Ōkōchi]]
*{{transl|ja|Nemuri Kyōshirō 2: Shōbu}} (''Adventures of Nemuri Kyōshirō''), 1964 (released on DVD as "Sleepy Eyes of Death: Sword of Adventure")
*{{transl|ja|Nemuri Kyōshirō 2: Shōbu}} (''Adventures of Nemuri Kyōshirō''), 1964 (released on DVD as "Sleepy Eyes of Death: Sword of Adventure")
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*'{{transl|ja|Makai tenshō}} (''Samurai Reincarnation''), 1981 – played by [[Tomisaburo Wakayama]]
*'{{transl|ja|Makai tenshō}} (''Samurai Reincarnation''), 1981 – played by [[Tomisaburo Wakayama]]
*{{transl|ja|Makai tenshō}}, 2003 – played by [[Nakamura Katsuo]]
*{{transl|ja|Makai tenshō}}, 2003 – played by [[Nakamura Katsuo]]
* Appears in the 2023 Koei Tecmo Video Game Fate/Samurai Remnant 2nd DLC as a playable Character released April 2024
==In popular culture==
* In the light novel series, Honnouji kara Hajimeru Nobunaga to no Tenka Touitsu, the protagonist Makoto Kurosaka who have time-slipped to the Sengoku period in 1582, met both the historical Yagyu Munenori who is still an eleven year old boy and his father Munetoshi the second Headmaster of Yagyu Shinkage-ryu. Reflecting his fame and skills as the founder of the Edo branch of Yagyū Shinkage-ryū, Yagyu Munenori is depicted as an exceptionally talented child prodigy in Yagyū Shinkage-ryū, despite his tender age his martial arts skills are superior to Makoto who has already mastered Kashima Shinto-ryu. Due to Nobunaga surviving the Honnouji Incident, Munenori who was originally meant to served Tokugawa Ieyasu as a hatamoto and martial art instructor in the future, instead became a vassal of Makoto.


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
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[[Category:People of Muromachi-period Japan]]
[[Category:People of Muromachi-period Japan]]
[[Category:Yagyū clan]]
[[Category:Yagyū clan]]
[[Category:17th-century martial artists]]

Latest revision as of 02:06, 13 August 2024

In this Japanese name, the surname is Yagyū.
Yagyū Munenori
Born1571 (1571)
DiedMay 11, 1646 (aged 74–75)
Occupation(s)Daimyo, martial arts writer, swordsman
Known forYagyū Shinkage-ryū

Yagyū Munenori (柳生 宗矩, 1571 – May 11, 1646) was a Japanese daimyo, swordsman, and martial arts writer, founder of the Edo branch of Yagyū Shinkage-ryū, which he learned from his father Yagyū "Sekishūsai" Muneyoshi. This was one of two official sword styles patronized by the Tokugawa shogunate (the other one being Ittō-ryū). Munenori began his career in the Tokugawa administration as a hatamoto, a direct retainer of the Tokugawa house, and later had his income raised to 10,000 koku, making him a minor fudai daimyō (vassal lord serving the Tokugawa), with landholdings around his ancestral village of Yagyū-zato. He also received the title of Tajima no Kami (但馬守).

Career

[edit]

Munenori entered the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu at a young age, and later was an instructor of swordsmanship to Ieyasu's son Hidetada. Still later, he became one of the primary advisors of the third shōgun Iemitsu.

Shortly before his death in 1606, Sekishusai passed the leadership of Yagyū Shinkage-ryū to his grandson Toshiyoshi.[1] Following a period of musha shugyō, Toshiyoshi entered the service of a cadet branch of the Tokugawa clan that controlled the Owari province. Toshiyoshi's school was based in Nagoya and came to be called Owari Yagyū-ryū (尾張柳生流), while Munenori's, in Edo, the Tokugawa capital, came to be known as Edo Yagyū-ryū (江戸柳生流). Takenaga Hayato, the founder of the Yagyū Shingan-ryū, was a disciple of Yagyū Munenori and received gokui (secret teachings) of the Yagyū Shinkage-ryū from him.

In about 1632, Munenori completed the Heihō kadensho, a treatise on practical Shinkage-ryū swordsmanship and how it could be applied on a macro level to life and politics. The text remains in print in Japan today, and has been translated a number of times into English.

Munenori's sons, Yagyū Jūbei Mitsuyoshi and Yagyū Munefuyu, were also famous swordsmen.

The essay "The Mysterious Record of Immovable Wisdom" by Takuan Sōhō was a letter written from Sōhō to Munenori.[2]

Depictions in Media

[edit]
  • Akai kage-bōshi (The Red Shadow), 1962 – played by Denjirō Ōkōchi
  • Nemuri Kyōshirō 2: Shōbu (Adventures of Nemuri Kyōshirō), 1964 (released on DVD as "Sleepy Eyes of Death: Sword of Adventure")
  • Yagyū ichizoku no inbō (The Yagyu Conspiracy), 1978 – played by Yorozuya Kinnosuke (released on DVD as "The Shogun's Samurai")
  • 'Makai tenshō (Samurai Reincarnation), 1981 – played by Tomisaburo Wakayama
  • Makai tenshō, 2003 – played by Nakamura Katsuo
  • Appears in the 2023 Koei Tecmo Video Game Fate/Samurai Remnant 2nd DLC as a playable Character released April 2024

Bibliography

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Wilson, William Scott, "Introduction", The Life-Giving Sword by Yagyu Munenori, trans. William Scott Wilson, Kodansha International, 2003.
  2. ^ Sōhō, Takuan (2012). The Unfettered Mind: Writings from a Zen Master to a Master Swordsman. Translated by Wilson, William Scott. Boulder, CO: Shambala. pp. xiv. ISBN 978-1-59030-986-5.

Further reading

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Wikiquote has quotations related to Yagyū Munenori.
  • De Lange, William (2019). The remarkable History of the Yagyu Clan. TOYO Press. ISBN 978-94-92722-171.
  • De Lange, William (2012). Famous Samurai: Yagyū Munenori. Floating World Editions. ISBN 978-1-891640-67-4.
  • Tokunaga, Shinichirō (1978). Yagyū Munenori. Seibidō. ISBN 4-415-06534-1.
  • Sugawara, Makoto (1988). Lives of Master Swordsmen. The East Publication. ISBN 4-915645-17-7.
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