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{{Distinguish|Peninsula}}
{{Distinguish|Peninsula}}
{{Expand language|topic=|langcode=es|otherarticle=Peninsular|date=July 2019}}
{{Expand language|topic=|langcode=es|otherarticle=Peninsular|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Ethnic group
|group = Peninsulares
|popplace = Colonial [[Spanish America]], [[Spanish East Indies]], and [[Spanish Guinea]]
|langs = [[Spanish dialects]], [[Aragonese language|Aragonese]], [[Asturian language|Asturian]], [[Basque language|Basque]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]], [[Galician language|Galician]]
|rels = [[Catholicism]]
}}
In the context of the [[Spanish Empire]], a '''''peninsular''''' ({{IPA-es|peninsuˈlaɾ}}, [[grammatical number|pl.]] ''peninsulares'') was a [[Spanish people|Spaniard]] born in [[Spain]] residing in the [[New World]], [[Spanish East Indies]], or [[Spanish Guinea]].<ref name="EB">{{cite web | title=Peninsular | website=Encyclopedia Britannica | url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/peninsular | access-date=2021-06-12}}</ref> Nowadays, the word ''peninsulares'' makes reference to [[Peninsular Spain]] and in contrast to the "islanders" (''[[isleños]]''), from the [[Balearic Islands]], the [[Canary Islands]] or the territories of [[Ceuta]] and [[Melilla]].


An equivalent to the Spanish ''peninsulares'' in Portuguese [[Colonial Brazil]] was the ''reinóis'', [[Portuguese people]] born in [[Portugal]], while Portuguese born in Brazil with both parents being ''reinóis'' were known as [[wikt::pt:mazombo|''mazombos'']].
In the context of the [[Spanish Empire]], a '''''peninsular''''' ({{IPA|es|peninsuˈlaɾ}}, [[grammatical number|pl.]] ''peninsulares'') was a [[Spanish people|Spaniard]] born in [[Spain]] residing in the [[New World]], [[Spanish East Indies]], or [[Spanish Guinea]].<ref name="EB">{{cite web | title=Peninsular | website=Encyclopedia Britannica | url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/peninsular | access-date=2021-06-12}}</ref> In the context of the [[Portuguese Empire]], '''''reinóis''''' (singular ''reinol'') were [[Portuguese people]] born in [[Portugal]] residing primarily in [[Portuguese America]]; children born in Brazil to two ''reinóis'' parents were known as [[wikt::pt:mazombo|''mazombos'']].


Spaniards born in the [[Spanish Philippines]] were called ''insular/es'' or originally ''filipino/s''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wickberg|first=E.|date=March 1964|title=The Chinese Mestizo in Philippine History|url=https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/1129/CEAS.1964.n10.pdf?sequence=1|journal=Journal of Southeast Asian History|volume=5|pages=63|doi=10.1017/S0217781100002222 |hdl=1808/1129 |via=KU ScholarWorks}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Perdon|first=Renato|date=December 31, 2013|title=The origin of Filipino|url=https://muntingnayon.com/103/103140/|website=Munting Nayon}}</ref>'','' before "[[Filipinos|Filipino]]" now came to be known as all of the [[Philippine nationality law|modern citizens]] of the now sovereign independent [[Philippines]]. Spaniards born in the colonies of the [[New World]] that today comprises the [[Hispanic America]] are called ''[[criollo people|criollos]]'' (individuals of full Spanish descent born in the New World).
Spaniards born in the [[Spanish Philippines]] were called ''insular/es'' or originally ''filipino/s''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wickberg|first=E.|date=March 1964|title=The Chinese Mestizo in Philippine History|url=https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/1129/CEAS.1964.n10.pdf?sequence=1|journal=Journal of Southeast Asian History|volume=5|pages=63|doi=10.1017/S0217781100002222 |hdl=1808/1129 |via=KU ScholarWorks}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Perdon|first=Renato|date=December 31, 2013|title=The origin of Filipino|url=https://muntingnayon.com/103/103140/|website=Munting Nayon}}</ref>'','' before "[[Filipinos|Filipino]]" now came to be known as all of the [[Philippine nationality law|modern citizens]] of the now sovereign independent [[Philippines]]. Spaniards born in the colonies of the [[New World]] that today comprises the [[Hispanic America]] are called ''[[criollo people|criollos]]'' (individuals of full Spanish descent born in the New World).

Latest revision as of 02:38, 13 August 2024

Not to be confused with Peninsula.

In the context of the Spanish Empire, a peninsular (Spanish pronunciation: [peninsuˈlaɾ], pl. peninsulares) was a Spaniard born in Spanien residing in the New World, Spanish East Indies, or Spanish Guinea.[1] In the context of the Portuguese Empire, reinóis (singular reinol) were Portuguese people born in Portugal residing primarily in Portuguese America; children born in Brazil to two reinóis parents were known as mazombos.

Spaniards born in the Spanish Philippines were called insular/es or originally filipino/s[2][3], before "Filipino" now came to be known as all of the modern citizens of the now sovereign independent Philippines. Spaniards born in the colonies of the New World that today comprises the Hispanic America are called criollos (individuals of full Spanish descent born in the New World).

Higher offices in Spanish America and the Spanish Philippines were held by peninsulares. Apart from the distinction of peninsulares from criollo, the castas system distinguished also mestizos of mixed Spanish and Amerindian ancestry in the Americas, and 'mestizos de español' (mixed Spanish and native Filipino (Spanish Filipino)), or 'tornatrás' (mixed Spanish and Sangley Chinese (Chinese Filipino)) in the Philippines / Spanish East Indies, mulatos (of mixed Spanish and black ancestry), indios (Amerindians / Native Filipinos), zambos (mixed Amerindian and black ancestry) and finally negros. In some places and times, such as during the wars of independence, peninsulares or members of conservative parties were called depreciatively godos (meaning Goths, referring to the "Visigoths", who had ruled Spain and were considered the origin of Spanish aristocracy) or, in Mexico, gachupines.[4] Godos is still used pejoratively in the Canary Islands for the peninsular Spanish, and in Chile for Spaniards.[5]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Peninsular". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
  2. ^ Wickberg, E. (March 1964). "The Chinese Mestizo in Philippine History" (PDF). Journal of Southeast Asian History. 5: 63. doi:10.1017/S0217781100002222. hdl:1808/1129 – via KU ScholarWorks.
  3. ^ Perdon, Renato (December 31, 2013). "The origin of Filipino". Munting Nayon.
  4. ^ gachupín in the Diccionario de la lengua española
  5. ^ "godo". Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish) (electrónica 23.3 ed.). Real Academia Española, Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española. 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
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