Temuka: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
Javier1957 (talk | contribs) Climate, added temp records. |
|||
| (43 intermediate revisions by 16 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Town in Canterbury, New Zealand}} |
|||
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}} |
||
{{Use New Zealand English|date=December 2015}} |
{{Use New Zealand English|date=December 2015}} |
||
{{Infobox settlement |
|||
{{Location map |
|||
| name = Temuka |
|||
|New Zealand |
|||
| pushpin_map = |
|||
|label=Temuka |
|||
| image_map = {{infobox mapframe|coord={{coord|44|14|40|S|171|16|40|E}}|zoom=9}} |
|||
|lat_dir=S | lat_deg=44 | lat_min=14 | lat_sec=35.02 |
|||
| coordinates = {{coord|44|14|40|S|171|16|40|E|region:NZ_type:city|display=inline,title}} |
|||
|lon_dir=E | lon_deg=171 | lon_min=16 | lon_sec=38.12 |
|||
| subdivision_type = Country |
|||
|position=right |
|||
| subdivision_name = New Zealand |
|||
|width= 180 |
|||
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of New Zealand|Region]] |
|||
|float=right |
|||
| subdivision_name1 = [[Canterbury, New Zealand|Canterbury]] |
|||
|caption= |
|||
| subdivision_type2 = [[Territorial authority]] |
|||
| subdivision_name2 = [[Timaru District]] |
|||
| subdivision_type3 = [[Community boards in New Zealand|Community board]] |
|||
| subdivision_name3 = Temuka Community Board<ref>{{cite web |title=Temuka Community Board – Timaru District Council |url=https://www.timaru.govt.nz/council/elected-council-members/community-boards/temuka-community-board |website=www.timaru.govt.nz |access-date=11 July 2022}}</ref> |
|||
| subdivision_type4 = Ward |
|||
| subdivision_name4 = Pleasant Point-Temuka |
|||
| seat_type = Electorates |
|||
| seat = {{ubl|[[Rangitata (New Zealand electorate)|Rangitata]]|[[Te Tai Tonga]] (Māori)}} |
|||
| leader_title = {{nowrap|Territorial authority}} |
|||
| leader_name = [[Timaru District Council]] |
|||
| leader_title1 = Regional council |
|||
| leader_name1 = [[Environment Canterbury]] |
|||
| leader_title2 = [[Mayor of Timaru]] |
|||
| leader_name2 = {{NZ officeholder data|Timaru District Mayor|y}} |
|||
| leader_title3 = [[Rangitata (New Zealand electorate)|Rangitata MP]] |
|||
| leader_name3 = {{NZ officeholder data|Rangitata MP|y}} |
|||
| leader_title4 = [[Te Tai Tonga|Te Tai Tonga MP]] |
|||
| leader_name4 = {{NZ officeholder data|Te Tai Tonga MP|y}} |
|||
| unit_pref = Metric |
|||
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Area"/> |
|||
| area_total_km2 = 8.34 |
|||
| elevation_m = 15 |
|||
| population_footnotes = {{NZ population data 2018||||y}} |
|||
| population_as_of = {{NZ population data 2018|||y}} |
|||
| population_total = {{NZ population data 2018|Temuka|y}} |
|||
| population_density_km2 = auto |
|||
| postal_code_type = [[Postcodes in New Zealand|Postcode(s)]] |
|||
| postal_code = 7920 |
|||
| area_code = 03 |
|||
| settlement_type = Town |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
[[File:Temuka and the Opihi River.JPG|thumb|Temuka and the [[ |
[[File:Temuka and the Opihi River.JPG|thumb|Temuka and the [[Ōpihi River]]. The photo was taken from an [[Air New Zealand]] [[ATR-72]] flight from [[Christchurch]] to [[Invercargill]]]] |
||
'''Temuka''' is a town on New Zealand's [[Canterbury Plains]], 15 kilometres north of [[Timaru]] and 142 km south of [[Christchurch]]. It is located at the centre of a rich [[sheep]] and [[dairy]] farming region, for which it is a service town. It lies on the north bank of the [[Temuka River]], just above its confluence with the [[ |
'''Temuka''' is a town on New Zealand's [[Canterbury Plains]], 15 kilometres north of [[Timaru]] and 142 km south of [[Christchurch]]. It is located at the centre of a rich [[sheep]] and [[dairy]] farming region, for which it is a service town. It lies on the north bank of the [[Temuka River]], just above its confluence with the [[Ōpihi River]]. |
||
Temuka is the second largest town in South [[Canterbury, New Zealand|Canterbury]] after [[Timaru]]. Temuka is home to three [[school]]s, two [[primary school]]s and one [[secondary school]]. Temuka is accessed by New Zealand's [[New Zealand State Highway 1|State Highway Number 1]] and the [[Main South Line]] [[railway]] allowing for major [[cargo]] handling. Temuka is north of the Opihi and Temuka [[river]]s. The local secondary school, [[Opihi College]], takes its name from the Opihi River. Both rivers are popular with locals and tourists. Almost all traffic passing north or south goes through or around Temuka. Temuka has recently had the redevelopment of the local Domain by incorporating a [[skate park]] to join the other facilities which include a [[swimming pool]], mini [[golf]], golf, [[netball]], outdoor [[bowls]] and [[tennis]]. There are also [[rugby football|rugby]] and [[association football|football]] fields, a stadium complex and a holiday park. |
|||
==History== |
|||
The name Te umu kaha (original spelling) means long-lasting ovens, from the earth ovens that Māori people used to cook the plentifully-growing [[Cabbage tree (New Zealand)|cabbage tree]]s. Temuka was a stop on the [[Main South Line]] until passenger services were discontinued. At one time Temuka supported [[wool]] scouring plants, it had a flour [[gristmill|mill]] and manufactured [[electric power transmission]] [[Insulator (electricity)|insulators]]. |
|||
== |
==History == |
||
[[File:Temuka Court House.jpg|thumb|This 1900 red brick courthouse with Baroque elements was designed by [[John Campbell (architect)|John Campbell]] of the Public Works Department, and functioned until 1979. It is now the town museum.|alt=]] |
|||
Temuka previously had its own council system in place, but since then has been under the administration of TDC, [[Timaru District Council]]. Recently, the council has been redeveloping Temuka in the form of cleaning waterways, new walkways, redeveloping of existing walkways, new gardens, domains, new tennis courts, complete skate park and general modernisation of the large service town. |
|||
The name ''Temuka'', or ''Te Muka'', is a [[Corruption (grammar)|corruption]] of {{Lang|Mi|Te Umu-kaha}}, which is thought to mean either 'fierce ovens' or 'strong current'.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Reed |first=A. W. |title=Place Names of New Zealand |last2=Dowling |first2=Peter |year=2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=H. T. |date=June 1901 |title=Short Traditions of the South Island of New Zealand |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20701600 |journal=[[The Journal of the Polynesian Society]] |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=72–77 |via=JSTOR}}</ref> The fierce ovens would be the large earth ovens ({{Lang|Mi|umu}}) that [[Māori people|Māori]] used to cook the roots of plentifully-growing [[Cabbage tree (New Zealand)|cabbage tree]]s. Temuka was originally called Wallingford.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Temuka {{!}} NZHistory, New Zealand history online |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/keyword/temuka |access-date=2023-10-18 |website=nzhistory.govt.nz}}</ref> |
|||
Temuka was gazetted as a town in 1858. The first survey was conducted in 1863.<ref name=":0" /> The first buildings were erected in 1860. Initial industries included a tannery works, a cheese factory, a flour mill and potteries.<ref name=":0" /> The police barracks were built in 1863 and the telegraph office was opened in 1868. In 1878, the [[Odd Fellows|Oddfellows]] lodge and the St George [[Masonic]] lodge were opened. The Temuka town board was constituted in 1884.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Temuka History Book Committee |title=Temuka Through the Years, an informal history |publisher=Temuka Book Committee |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-473-15537-7 |location=Timaru}}</ref> In 1899, Wallingford and Arowhenua town districts were incorporated into the borough of Temuka.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=1966 |title=TEMUKA from An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. McLintock, |url=http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/1966/temuka |access-date=7 Nov 2023 |website=Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand}}</ref> |
|||
The population of Temuka was 1465 people in 1901.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=[Temuka] {{!}} NZETC |url=https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-Cyc03Cycl-t1-body1-d6-d97-d1.html |access-date=2023-10-18 |website=nzetc.victoria.ac.nz}}</ref> Temuka was described in 1903 as having two doctors, two chemists and one dentist in the town, which has a well kept park and domain, with a bicycle track, and tennis, cricket and football grounds.<ref name=":1" /> The two storied post and telegraph office was opened in 1902 by Sir [[Joseph Ward]]. |
|||
Temuka was a stop on the [[Main South Line]] until passenger services were discontinued. At one time Temuka supported [[wool]] scouring plants, it had a flour [[gristmill|mill]] and manufactured [[electric power transmission]] [[Insulator (electricity)|insulators]]. |
|||
Temuka was hit by a significant flood on March 13, 1986, with Temuka being isolated after the bridge crossing [[State Highway 1 (New Zealand)|State Highway 1]] being washed out.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kanwal |first=Sahiban |date=2016-03-11 |title=South Canterbury flood commemorated 30 years on |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/timaru-herald/news/77782762/south-canterbury-flood-commemorated-30-years-on |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=Stuff |language=en}}</ref> |
|||
Temuka previously had its own council system in place, but has been under the administration of [[Timaru District Council]] since 1989. Recently, the council has been redeveloping Temuka in the form of cleaning waterways, new walkways, redeveloping of existing walkways, new gardens, domains, new tennis courts, complete skate park and general modernisation of the large service town. |
|||
== Marae == |
|||
Arowhenua marae, a ''[[marae]]'' (tribal meeting ground) of [[Ngāi Tahu]] and its Te Rūnanga o Arowhenua branch, is located south of Temuka.<ref name="tkmentry">{{cite web|title=Te Kāhui Māngai directory|url= http://www.tkm.govt.nz/ |website=tkm.govt.nz|publisher=[[Te Puni Kōkiri]]}}</ref> It includes Te Hapa o Niu Tireni ''[[wharenui]]'' (meeting house).<ref name="maorimaps">{{cite web |title=Māori Maps |url=https://maorimaps.com/map |website=maorimaps.com |publisher=Te Potiki National Trust}}</ref> |
|||
In October 2020, the Government committed $50,232 from the [[Provincial Growth Fund]] to upgrade the marae, creating 16 jobs.<ref name="maraepgf">{{cite web |title=Marae Announcements |url=https://www.growregions.govt.nz/assets/funding-announcements/marae-announcements.xlsx |website=growregions.govt.nz |publisher=[[Provincial Growth Fund]] |format=Excel |date=9 October 2020}}</ref> |
|||
==Demographics== |
==Demographics== |
||
The population of Temuka was 2212 people in 1951, 2254 people in 1956 and 2430 people in 1961.<ref name=":2" /> |
|||
With a population of 4,047 people in 2013,<ref>{{NZ Quickstats2013|14936}}</ref> it is the second largest town in South [[Canterbury, New Zealand|Canterbury]] after [[Timaru]]. Temuka is home to three [[school]]s, two [[primary school]]s and one [[secondary school]]. Temuka is accessed by New Zealand's [[New Zealand State Highway 1|State Highway Number 1]] and the [[Main South Line]] [[railway]] allowing for major [[cargo]] handling. Temuka is north of the Opihi and Temuka [[river]]s. The local secondary school, Opihi College, takes its name from the Opihi River. Both rivers are popular with locals and tourists. Almost all traffic passing north or south goes through or around Temuka. Temuka has recently had the redevelopment of the local Domain by incorporating a [[skate park]] to join the other facilities which include a [[swimming pool]], mini [[golf]], golf, [[netball]], outdoor [[bowls]] and [[tennis]]. There are also [[rugby football|rugby]] and [[association football|football]] fields, a stadium complex and a holiday park. |
|||
Temuka is described by Statistics New Zealand as a small urban area. It covers {{Convert|8.34|km2||abbr=on}}<ref name="Area">{{Cite web|title=ArcGIS Web Application|url=https://statsnz.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=6f49867abe464f86ac7526552fe19787| access-date=5 February 2024|website=statsnz.maps.arcgis.com}}</ref> and had an estimated population of {{NZ population data 2018|Temuka|y}} as of {{NZ population data 2018|||y|y||,}} with a population density of {{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Temuka|y}} |R}}/8.34|0}} people per km<sup>2</sup>. |
|||
==Culture== |
|||
[[File:Temuka Court House.jpg|thumb|This 1900 red brick courthouse with Baroque elements was designed by John Campbell of the Public Works Department, and functioned until 1979. It is now the town museum.|alt=]] |
|||
Arowhenua marae, a ''[[marae]]'' (tribal meeting ground) of [[Ngāi Tahu]] and its Te Rūnanga o Arowhenua branch, is located in Temuka.<ref name="tkmentry">{{cite web|title=Te Kāhui Māngai directory|url= http://www.tkm.govt.nz/ |website=tkm.govt.nz|publisher=[[Te Puni Kōkiri]]}}</ref> It includes Te Hapa o Niu Tireni ''[[wharenui]]'' (meeting house).<ref name="maorimaps">{{cite web |title=Māori Maps |url=https://maorimaps.com/map |website=maorimaps.com |publisher=Te Potiki National Trust}}</ref> |
|||
{{Historical populations|2006|4,245|2013|4,254|2018|4,470|percentages=pagr|align=left|source=<ref name="Census 2018"/>}} |
|||
==Schools== |
|||
Temuka had a population of 4,470 at the [[2018 New Zealand census]], an increase of 216 people (5.1%) since the [[2013 New Zealand census|2013 census]], and an increase of 225 people (5.3%) since the [[2006 New Zealand census|2006 census]]. There were 1,911 households, comprising 2,205 males and 2,265 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.97 males per female, with 789 people (17.7%) aged under 15 years, 678 (15.2%) aged 15 to 29, 1,917 (42.9%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,083 (24.2%) aged 65 or older. |
|||
Ethnicities were 90.0% European/[[Pākehā]], 12.1% [[Māori people|Māori]], 1.5% [[Pasifika New Zealanders|Pasifika]], 3.5% [[Asian New Zealanders|Asian]], and 1.7% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. |
|||
There are currently three primary and secondary schools in Temuka: |
|||
*Temuka Primary |
|||
The percentage of people born overseas was 10.2, compared with 27.1% nationally. |
|||
*St. Joseph's Temuka |
|||
*Opihi College – originally called Temuka High School until 2005 when the name was changed |
|||
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 50.3% had no religion, 39.0% were [[Christianity in New Zealand|Christian]], 0.3% had [[Māori religion|Māori religious beliefs]], 0.7% were [[Hinduism in New Zealand|Hindu]], 0.1% were [[Islam in New Zealand|Muslim]], 0.1% were [[Buddhism in New Zealand|Buddhist]] and 0.9% had other religions. |
|||
Of those at least 15 years old, 228 (6.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 1,260 (34.2%) people had no formal qualifications. 474 people (12.9%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,749 (47.5%) people were employed full-time, 495 (13.4%) were part-time, and 81 (2.2%) were unemployed.<ref name="Census 2018">{{NZ census 2018|Temuka West (339300) and Temuka East (339600)}}</ref> |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
|+Individual statistical areas |
|||
|- |
|||
!Name !! Area<br/>(km<sup>2</sup>) !! Population !! Density<br/>(per km<sup>2</sup>) || Households !! Median age !! Median<br/>income |
|||
|- |
|||
| Temuka West || style="text-align:right;"|4.07 || style="text-align:right;"|2,163 || style="text-align:right;"| 531 || style="text-align:right;"|957 || 49.2 years || $26,800<ref>{{NZ census place summary 2018|temuka-west|Temuka West}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|||
| Temuka East || style="text-align:right;"|4.27 || style="text-align:right;"|2,307 || style="text-align:right;"| 540 || style="text-align:right;"|954 || 43.9 years || $29,600<ref>{{NZ census place summary 2018|temuka-east|Temuka East}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|||
! New Zealand !! !! !! !! !! 37.4 years !! style="text-align:left;"| $31,800 |
|||
|} |
|||
== Churches == |
|||
=== Presbyterian church === |
|||
[[File:Temuka Sunday School hall 27.jpg|thumb|Trinity Presbyterian church Sunday school hall, Temuka (2023)]] |
|||
The Trinity [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] church was damaged in the [[2010 Canterbury earthquake|2010 Canterbury earthquakes]] and was subsequently demolished. The church was 120 years old.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-12-02 |title=Damaged Temuka church faces bulldozer |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/christchurch-earthquake-2011/6076315/Damaged-Temuka-church-faces-bulldozer |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=Stuff |language=en}}</ref> The Sunday school hall was built after 1915 and funded by the Guild family, of Temuka. It was used as a hospital during the [[Spanish flu|1918 influenza epidemic]]. It was sold in 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Presbyterian Sunday School Hall, Temuka |url=http://www.timarucivictrust.co.nz/1/post/2019/10/presbyterian-sunday-school-hall-temuka.html |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=Civic Trust |language=en}}</ref> |
|||
=== Saint Peters Anglican church === |
|||
[[File:Temuka anglican church 27.jpg|thumb|St Peter's Anglican Church, Temuka (2023)]] |
|||
Saint Peters was built in 1899 and has seating for 300 parishioners. It also sustained damage in the 2010 Canterbury earthquakes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Churches of Temuka, South Canterbury |url=https://sites.rootsweb.com/~nzlscant/temukachurches.htm |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=sites.rootsweb.com}}</ref> |
|||
==Education== |
|||
There are currently three primary and secondary schools in Temuka. |
|||
Temuka Primary School is a contributing primary for years 1 to 6<ref>{{TKI|2109|Temuka Primary School}}</ref> with a roll of {{NZ school roll data|2109|y}} students. A public school for both primary and secondary students opened in 1866, and moved to the current site in the late 1870s. The secondary school moved to a separate site in 1968.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/timaru-herald/news/85494271/temuka-public-education-celebrates-150-years-this-weekend|title=Temuka public education celebrates 150 years this weekend|newspaper=Timaru Herald|date=19 October 2016|first=Tess|last=Brunton}}</ref> |
|||
St. Joseph's School is a Catholic state-integrated full primary for years 1 to 8<ref>{{TKI|3532|St Joseph's School}}</ref> with a roll of {{NZ school roll data|3532|y}} students. The school opened in 1883.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hail.to/st-josephs-school-temuka/publication/VdMedjs/article/SDwTuqI|title=125 Years Booklet|publisher=St Joseph's School Temuka|date=7 July 2020}}</ref> |
|||
[[Opihi College]] is a secondary school for years 7 to 13<ref>{{TKI|354|Opihi College}}</ref> with a roll of {{NZ school roll data|354|y}} students. It was originally called Temuka District High School, then Temuka High School when it moved to its current site, and in 2005 the name was changed to Opihi College.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.opihicollege.school.nz/|title=Welcome to Opihi College|publisher=Opihi College|accessdate=8 November 2021}}</ref> |
|||
All these schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of {{NZ school roll data|||y|y||.}} |
|||
== Sport and recreation == |
|||
=== Rugby === |
|||
The Temuka Rugby Club was established in 1875 with four players representing the All Blacks: [[Lachie Grant]], [[Tom Coughlan (rugby union)|Tom Coughlan]], [[Archie Strang (rugby union)|Archie Strang]] and [[Gus Spillane]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Temuka Rugby Club |url=https://www.temukarugby.co.nz/history/ |access-date=2023-10-18 |website=www.temukarugby.co.nz}}</ref> |
|||
=== Temuka golf club === |
|||
The Temuka golf club was established in 1907. Originally a 9 hole golf course, it has expanded to 18 holes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Temuka Golf Club |url=https://www.temukaholidaypark.co.nz/blog/567600 |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=Temuka Holiday Park |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Temuka Golf Club |url=https://golfer.com.au/directory/golf-courses/temuka-golf-club/2/005946 |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=golfer.com.au}}</ref> The Temuka golf course suffered significant flooding in May 2021 after the Temuka river burst its banks and flood waters were up to two metres high on the golf course. Flooding also closed the golf course for six months in 1986.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashby-Coventry |first=Esther |date=2021-08-11 |title=Temuka Golf Club back to 18 holes after May flooding |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/timaru-herald/sport/126042306/temuka-golf-club-back-to-18-holes-after-may-flooding |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=Stuff |language=en}}</ref> |
|||
=== Temuka bowling club === |
|||
The Temuka bowling club was founded in 1906. It is located in the Temuka Domain.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-16 |title=Temuka Bowling Club – Bowls New Zealand Aotearoa |url=https://bowlsnewzealand.co.nz/temuka-bowling-club/ |access-date=2023-11-06 |language=en-US}}</ref> It holds a number of tournaments throughout the year including the Temuka 3000 at New Years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Comer |first=Rachael |date=2023-01-04 |title=Temuka set to play host to more than 100 bowlers |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/timaru-herald/news/130894933/temuka-set-to-play-host-to-more-than-100-bowlers |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=Stuff |language=en}}</ref> |
|||
=== Swimming pool === |
|||
The Temuka summer pool is open between mid November and late March each year. It is located at the Temuka Domain on Ferguson Drive. It has a 25 metre pool with 6 lanes and a toddlers pool. The pools are heated and outdoors.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Temuka – Summer Pool – Timaru District Council |url=https://www.timaru.govt.nz/community/facilities/swimming-pools/temuka-summer-pool |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=www.timaru.govt.nz}}</ref> |
|||
== Museum == |
|||
The Temuka courthouse museum has over 6000 items detailing the local history of Temuka. It is located in the former courthouse, which was built between 1900 and 1901 and used as a courthouse until 1979.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Venture Timaru Tourism – Temuka Courthouse Museum |url=https://www.vttourism.co.nz/activities/family-fun/temuka-courthouse-museum |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=www.vttourism.co.nz}}</ref> The building required earthquake strengthening in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holden |first=Joanne |date=2020-03-03 |title=Earthquake-strengthening of Temuka Courthouse Museum reliant on community |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/timaru-herald/news/119902791/earthquakestrengthening-of-temuka-courthouse-museum-reliant-on-community |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=Stuff |language=en}}</ref> This was funded by a grant from the New Zealand Lottery Environment and Heritage Fund.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pattemore |first=Lauren |date=2022-07-18 |title=Significant donation moves Temuka Courthouse Museum Project along |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/timaru-herald/news/129303906/significant-donation-moves-temuka-courthouse-museum-project-along |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=Stuff |language=en}}</ref> |
|||
==Business== |
==Business== |
||
Temuka is home to a large trucking company, Temuka Transport. This company has about 40 trucks which are used to service the South Canterbury area. Also located in the town is Temuka Homeware. This company produces [[ceramic]] [[crockery]]. Currently, the older and traditional items are seeing an increase of demand from [[collecting|collectors]] |
Temuka is home to a large trucking company, Temuka Transport. This company has about 40 trucks which are used to service the South Canterbury area. Also located in the town is Temuka Homeware. This company produces [[ceramic]] [[crockery]]. Currently, the older and traditional items are seeing an increase of demand from [[collecting|collectors]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-05-13 |title=Temuka treasures |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/opinion/editorial/temuka-treasures |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=Otago Daily Times Online News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Paddon |first=Esther |date=2012-04-28 |title=Temuka rewards the curious |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/timaru-herald/features/6818953/Temuka-rewards-the-curious |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=Stuff |language=en}}</ref> Located in Temuka are various businesses including supermarkets, takeaways, collectors, hardware stores, office supply stores, and art galleries. |
||
Temuka is home to New Zealand Insulators (NZI), the major supplier of insulators to New Zealand's power industry. Temuka houses NZI's corporate headquarters, South Island warehouse, and local factory. Temuka is also home to the only bagpipe bag manufacturing business in New Zealand, Gannaway New Zealand, manufacturing cowhide, goatskin, and sheepskin bagpipe bags exported worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gannawaynz.co.nz/ |title=Welcome to Gannaway New Zealand – The Bagpipe Centre |website=Gannawaynz.co.nz |date |
Temuka is home to New Zealand Insulators (NZI), the major supplier of insulators to New Zealand's power industry. Temuka houses NZI's corporate headquarters, South Island warehouse, and local factory. Temuka is also home to the only bagpipe bag manufacturing business in New Zealand, Gannaway New Zealand, manufacturing cowhide, goatskin, and sheepskin bagpipe bags exported worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gannawaynz.co.nz/ |title=Welcome to Gannaway New Zealand – The Bagpipe Centre |website=Gannawaynz.co.nz |access-date=2016-02-17}}</ref> |
||
==Notable residents== |
==Notable residents== |
||
*[[Rachel Armitage]] (1873–1955), welfare worker |
*[[Rachel Armitage]] (1873–1955), welfare worker |
||
*[[Ned Barry]] (1905–1993), rugby union player |
*[[Ned Barry]] (1905–1993), rugby union player |
||
*[[Horace Fildes]] (1875–1937), postmaster, book collector and bibliographer |
|||
*[[John Lister (golfer)|John Lister]] (born 1947), professional golfer |
*[[John Lister (golfer)|John Lister]] (born 1947), professional golfer |
||
*[[Richard Pearse]] (1877–1953), aviation pioneer |
*[[Richard Pearse]] (1877–1953), aviation pioneer |
||
*[[Hipa Te Maihāroa]] (?–1886), tribal leader, tohunga and prophet |
|||
*[[Jeremiah Twomey]] (1847–1921), member of the New Zealand Legislative Council |
*[[Jeremiah Twomey]] (1847–1921), member of the New Zealand Legislative Council |
||
*[[Lachie Grant]] (1923–2002), rugby union player |
*[[Lachie Grant]] (1923–2002), rugby union player |
||
==Climate== |
|||
{{Weather box|width=auto |
|||
|metric first=y |
|||
|single line=y |
|||
|collapsed = Y |
|||
|location = Temuka (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1963–1994) |
|||
| Jan record high C = 35.4 |
|||
| Feb record high C = 39.4 |
|||
| Mar record high C = 33.2 |
|||
| Apr record high C = 30.0 |
|||
| May record high C = 26.0 |
|||
| Jun record high C = 24.0 |
|||
| Jul record high C = 21.5 |
|||
| Aug record high C = 22.0 |
|||
| Sep record high C = 25.6 |
|||
| Oct record high C = 29.6 |
|||
| Nov record high C = 32.7 |
|||
| Dec record high C = 33.4 |
|||
| year record high C = 39.4 |
|||
|Jan high C = 21.8 |
|||
|Feb high C = 21.0 |
|||
|Mar high C = 19.5 |
|||
|Apr high C = 17.4 |
|||
|May high C = 14.4 |
|||
|Jun high C = 11.7 |
|||
|Jul high C = 11.0 |
|||
|Aug high C = 12.5 |
|||
|Sep high C = 14.7 |
|||
|Oct high C = 16.5 |
|||
|Nov high C = 18.0 |
|||
|Dec high C = 19.8 |
|||
| year high C = |
|||
|Jan mean C = 16.1 |
|||
|Feb mean C = 15.8 |
|||
|Mar mean C = 14.0 |
|||
|Apr mean C = 11.5 |
|||
|May mean C = 8.7 |
|||
|Jun mean C = 6.0 |
|||
|Jul mean C = 5.4 |
|||
|Aug mean C = 6.9 |
|||
|Sep mean C = 9.0 |
|||
|Oct mean C = 10.8 |
|||
|Nov mean C = 12.6 |
|||
|Dec mean C = 14.6 |
|||
| year mean C = |
|||
|Jan low C = 10.4 |
|||
|Feb low C = 10.5 |
|||
|Mar low C = 8.5 |
|||
|Apr low C = 5.6 |
|||
|May low C = 3.0 |
|||
|Jun low C = 0.3 |
|||
|Jul low C = -0.1 |
|||
|Aug low C = 1.3 |
|||
|Sep low C = 3.4 |
|||
|Oct low C = 5.0 |
|||
|Nov low C = 7.1 |
|||
|Dec low C = 9.5 |
|||
| year low C = |
|||
|Jan record low C = 1.9 |
|||
|Feb record low C = 2.0 |
|||
|Mar record low C = -2.0 |
|||
|Apr record low C = -3.0 |
|||
|May record low C = -7.7 |
|||
|Jun record low C = -6.8 |
|||
|Jul record low C = -6.3 |
|||
|Aug record low C = -5.6 |
|||
|Sep record low C = -4.2 |
|||
|Oct record low C = -4.3 |
|||
|Nov record low C = -1.0 |
|||
|Dec record low C = 0.8 |
|||
|year record low C = -7.7 |
|||
|rain colour = green |
|||
|Jan rain mm = 40.3 |
|||
|Feb rain mm = 60.4 |
|||
|Mar rain mm = 58.9 |
|||
|Apr rain mm = 38.3 |
|||
|May rain mm = 49.0 |
|||
|Jun rain mm = 30.9 |
|||
|Jul rain mm = 51.4 |
|||
|Aug rain mm = 48.2 |
|||
|Sep rain mm = 42.3 |
|||
|Oct rain mm = 50.2 |
|||
|Nov rain mm = 53.6 |
|||
|Dec rain mm = 62.0 |
|||
|year rain mm = |
|||
|source 1 = NIWA<ref name= NIWA> |
|||
{{cite web |
|||
|url = http://cliflo.niwa.co.nz |
|||
|title = CliFlo – National Climate Database : Temuka |
|||
|publisher = NIWA |
|||
|access-date = 19 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |
|||
|url = https://cliflo.niwa.co.nz/ |
|||
|title = CliFlo -The National Climate Database (Agent number: 5075) |
|||
|publisher = NIWA |
|||
|access-date = 14 Aug 2024}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
||
| Line 59: | Line 259: | ||
{{Timaru District, New Zealand}} |
{{Timaru District, New Zealand}} |
||
{{coord|44|14|40|S|171|16|40|E|region:NZ_type:city|display=title}} |
|||
[[Category:Timaru District]] |
[[Category:Timaru District]] |
||
[[Category:Populated places in |
[[Category:Populated places in the Canterbury Region]] |
||
Latest revision as of 07:05, 15 August 2024
Temuka | |
|---|---|
Town | |
 | |
| Coordinates: 44°14′40″S 171°16′40″E / 44.24444°S 171.27778°E | |
| Land | Neuseeland |
| Region | Canterbury |
| Territorial authority | Timaru District |
| Community board | Temuka Community Board[1] |
| Ward | Pleasant Point-Temuka |
| Electorates |
|
| Regierung | |
| • Territorial authority | Timaru District Council |
| • Regional council | Environment Canterbury |
| • Mayor of Timaru | Nigel Bowen |
| • Rangitata MP | James Meager |
| • Te Tai Tonga MP | Tākuta Ferris |
| Area | |
| • Total | 8.34 km2 (3.22 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 15 m (49 ft) |
| Population (June 2023)[3] | |
| • Total | 4,680 |
| • Density | 560/km2 (1,500/sq mi) |
| Postcode(s) | 7920 |
| Area code | 03 |
Temuka is a town on New Zealand's Canterbury Plains, 15 kilometres north of Timaru and 142 km south of Christchurch. It is located at the centre of a rich sheep and dairy farming region, for which it is a service town. It lies on the north bank of the Temuka River, just above its confluence with the Ōpihi River.
Temuka is the second largest town in South Canterbury after Timaru. Temuka is home to three schools, two primary schools and one secondary school. Temuka is accessed by New Zealand's State Highway Number 1 and the Main South Line railway allowing for major cargo handling. Temuka is north of the Opihi and Temuka rivers. The local secondary school, Opihi College, takes its name from the Opihi River. Both rivers are popular with locals and tourists. Almost all traffic passing north or south goes through or around Temuka. Temuka has recently had the redevelopment of the local Domain by incorporating a skate park to join the other facilities which include a swimming pool, mini golf, golf, netball, outdoor bowls and tennis. There are also rugby and football fields, a stadium complex and a holiday park.
History
[edit]
The name Temuka, or Te Muka, is a corruption of Te Umu-kaha, which is thought to mean either 'fierce ovens' or 'strong current'.[4][5] The fierce ovens would be the large earth ovens (umu) that Māori used to cook the roots of plentifully-growing cabbage trees. Temuka was originally called Wallingford.[6]
Temuka was gazetted as a town in 1858. The first survey was conducted in 1863.[6] The first buildings were erected in 1860. Initial industries included a tannery works, a cheese factory, a flour mill and potteries.[6] The police barracks were built in 1863 and the telegraph office was opened in 1868. In 1878, the Oddfellows lodge and the St George Masonic lodge were opened. The Temuka town board was constituted in 1884.[7] In 1899, Wallingford and Arowhenua town districts were incorporated into the borough of Temuka.[8]
The population of Temuka was 1465 people in 1901.[9] Temuka was described in 1903 as having two doctors, two chemists and one dentist in the town, which has a well kept park and domain, with a bicycle track, and tennis, cricket and football grounds.[9] The two storied post and telegraph office was opened in 1902 by Sir Joseph Ward.
Temuka was a stop on the Main South Line until passenger services were discontinued. At one time Temuka supported wool scouring plants, it had a flour mill and manufactured electric power transmission insulators.
Temuka was hit by a significant flood on March 13, 1986, with Temuka being isolated after the bridge crossing State Highway 1 being washed out.[10]
Temuka previously had its own council system in place, but has been under the administration of Timaru District Council since 1989. Recently, the council has been redeveloping Temuka in the form of cleaning waterways, new walkways, redeveloping of existing walkways, new gardens, domains, new tennis courts, complete skate park and general modernisation of the large service town.
Marae
[edit]Arowhenua marae, a marae (tribal meeting ground) of Ngāi Tahu and its Te Rūnanga o Arowhenua branch, is located south of Temuka.[11] It includes Te Hapa o Niu Tireni wharenui (meeting house).[12]
In October 2020, the Government committed $50,232 from the Provincial Growth Fund to upgrade the marae, creating 16 jobs.[13]
Demographics
[edit]The population of Temuka was 2212 people in 1951, 2254 people in 1956 and 2430 people in 1961.[8]
Temuka is described by Statistics New Zealand as a small urban area. It covers 8.34 km2 (3.22 sq mi)[2] and had an estimated population of 4,680 as of June 2023,[3] with a population density of 561 people per km2.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 4,245 | — |
| 2013 | 4,254 | +0.03% |
| 2018 | 4,470 | +1.00% |
| Source: [14] | ||
Temuka had a population of 4,470 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 216 people (5.1%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 225 people (5.3%) since the 2006 census. There were 1,911 households, comprising 2,205 males and 2,265 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.97 males per female, with 789 people (17.7%) aged under 15 years, 678 (15.2%) aged 15 to 29, 1,917 (42.9%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,083 (24.2%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 90.0% European/Pākehā, 12.1% Māori, 1.5% Pasifika, 3.5% Asian, and 1.7% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 10.2, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 50.3% had no religion, 39.0% were Christian, 0.3% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.7% were Hindu, 0.1% were Muslim, 0.1% were Buddhist and 0.9% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 228 (6.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 1,260 (34.2%) people had no formal qualifications. 474 people (12.9%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,749 (47.5%) people were employed full-time, 495 (13.4%) were part-time, and 81 (2.2%) were unemployed.[14]
| Name | Area (km2) |
Population | Density (per km2) |
Households | Median age | Median income |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temuka West | 4.07 | 2,163 | 531 | 957 | 49.2 years | $26,800[15] |
| Temuka East | 4.27 | 2,307 | 540 | 954 | 43.9 years | $29,600[16] |
| Neuseeland | 37.4 years | $31,800 |
Churches
[edit]Presbyterian church
[edit]
The Trinity Presbyterian church was damaged in the 2010 Canterbury earthquakes and was subsequently demolished. The church was 120 years old.[17] The Sunday school hall was built after 1915 and funded by the Guild family, of Temuka. It was used as a hospital during the 1918 influenza epidemic. It was sold in 2002.[18]
Saint Peters Anglican church
[edit]
Saint Peters was built in 1899 and has seating for 300 parishioners. It also sustained damage in the 2010 Canterbury earthquakes.[19]
Bildung
[edit]There are currently three primary and secondary schools in Temuka.
Temuka Primary School is a contributing primary for years 1 to 6[20] with a roll of 230 students. A public school for both primary and secondary students opened in 1866, and moved to the current site in the late 1870s. The secondary school moved to a separate site in 1968.[21]
St. Joseph's School is a Catholic state-integrated full primary for years 1 to 8[22] with a roll of 126 students. The school opened in 1883.[23]
Opihi College is a secondary school for years 7 to 13[24] with a roll of 285 students. It was originally called Temuka District High School, then Temuka High School when it moved to its current site, and in 2005 the name was changed to Opihi College.[25]
All these schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of August 2024.[26]
Sport and recreation
[edit]Rugby
[edit]The Temuka Rugby Club was established in 1875 with four players representing the All Blacks: Lachie Grant, Tom Coughlan, Archie Strang and Gus Spillane.[27]
Temuka golf club
[edit]The Temuka golf club was established in 1907. Originally a 9 hole golf course, it has expanded to 18 holes.[28][29] The Temuka golf course suffered significant flooding in May 2021 after the Temuka river burst its banks and flood waters were up to two metres high on the golf course. Flooding also closed the golf course for six months in 1986.[30]
Temuka bowling club
[edit]The Temuka bowling club was founded in 1906. It is located in the Temuka Domain.[31] It holds a number of tournaments throughout the year including the Temuka 3000 at New Years.[32]
Swimming pool
[edit]The Temuka summer pool is open between mid November and late March each year. It is located at the Temuka Domain on Ferguson Drive. It has a 25 metre pool with 6 lanes and a toddlers pool. The pools are heated and outdoors.[33]
Museum
[edit]The Temuka courthouse museum has over 6000 items detailing the local history of Temuka. It is located in the former courthouse, which was built between 1900 and 1901 and used as a courthouse until 1979.[34] The building required earthquake strengthening in 2020.[35] This was funded by a grant from the New Zealand Lottery Environment and Heritage Fund.[36]
Business
[edit]Temuka is home to a large trucking company, Temuka Transport. This company has about 40 trucks which are used to service the South Canterbury area. Also located in the town is Temuka Homeware. This company produces ceramic crockery. Currently, the older and traditional items are seeing an increase of demand from collectors.[37][38] Located in Temuka are various businesses including supermarkets, takeaways, collectors, hardware stores, office supply stores, and art galleries.
Temuka is home to New Zealand Insulators (NZI), the major supplier of insulators to New Zealand's power industry. Temuka houses NZI's corporate headquarters, South Island warehouse, and local factory. Temuka is also home to the only bagpipe bag manufacturing business in New Zealand, Gannaway New Zealand, manufacturing cowhide, goatskin, and sheepskin bagpipe bags exported worldwide.[39]
Notable residents
[edit]- Rachel Armitage (1873–1955), welfare worker
- Ned Barry (1905–1993), rugby union player
- Horace Fildes (1875–1937), postmaster, book collector and bibliographer
- John Lister (born 1947), professional golfer
- Richard Pearse (1877–1953), aviation pioneer
- Hipa Te Maihāroa (?–1886), tribal leader, tohunga and prophet
- Jeremiah Twomey (1847–1921), member of the New Zealand Legislative Council
- Lachie Grant (1923–2002), rugby union player
Climate
[edit]| Climate data for Temuka (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1963–1994) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 35.4 (95.7) |
39.4 (102.9) |
33.2 (91.8) |
30.0 (86.0) |
26.0 (78.8) |
24.0 (75.2) |
21.5 (70.7) |
22.0 (71.6) |
25.6 (78.1) |
29.6 (85.3) |
32.7 (90.9) |
33.4 (92.1) |
39.4 (102.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 21.8 (71.2) |
21.0 (69.8) |
19.5 (67.1) |
17.4 (63.3) |
14.4 (57.9) |
11.7 (53.1) |
11.0 (51.8) |
12.5 (54.5) |
14.7 (58.5) |
16.5 (61.7) |
18.0 (64.4) |
19.8 (67.6) |
16.5 (61.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 16.1 (61.0) |
15.8 (60.4) |
14.0 (57.2) |
11.5 (52.7) |
8.7 (47.7) |
6.0 (42.8) |
5.4 (41.7) |
6.9 (44.4) |
9.0 (48.2) |
10.8 (51.4) |
12.6 (54.7) |
14.6 (58.3) |
11.0 (51.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 10.4 (50.7) |
10.5 (50.9) |
8.5 (47.3) |
5.6 (42.1) |
3.0 (37.4) |
0.3 (32.5) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
1.3 (34.3) |
3.4 (38.1) |
5.0 (41.0) |
7.1 (44.8) |
9.5 (49.1) |
5.4 (41.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 1.9 (35.4) |
2.0 (35.6) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
−7.7 (18.1) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
0.8 (33.4) |
−7.7 (18.1) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 40.3 (1.59) |
60.4 (2.38) |
58.9 (2.32) |
38.3 (1.51) |
49.0 (1.93) |
30.9 (1.22) |
51.4 (2.02) |
48.2 (1.90) |
42.3 (1.67) |
50.2 (1.98) |
53.6 (2.11) |
62.0 (2.44) |
585.5 (23.07) |
| Source: NIWA[40][41] | |||||||||||||
References
[edit]- ^ "Temuka Community Board – Timaru District Council". www.timaru.govt.nz. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ a b "ArcGIS Web Application". statsnz.maps.arcgis.com. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
- ^ a b "Subnational population estimates (RC, SA2), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996-2023 (2023 boundaries)". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 25 October 2023. (regional councils); "Subnational population estimates (TA, SA2), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996-2023 (2023 boundaries)". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 25 October 2023. (territorial authorities); "Subnational population estimates (urban rural), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996-2023 (2023 boundaries)". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 25 October 2023. (urban areas)
- ^ Reed, A. W.; Dowling, Peter (2010). Place Names of New Zealand.
- ^ H. T. (June 1901). "Short Traditions of the South Island of New Zealand". The Journal of the Polynesian Society. 10 (2): 72–77 – via JSTOR.
- ^ a b c "Temuka | NZHistory, New Zealand history online". nzhistory.govt.nz. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ Temuka History Book Committee (2009). Temuka Through the Years, an informal history. Timaru: Temuka Book Committee. ISBN 978-0-473-15537-7.
- ^ a b "TEMUKA from An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. McLintock,". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. 1966. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
- ^ a b "[Temuka] | NZETC". nzetc.victoria.ac.nz. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ Kanwal, Sahiban (11 March 2016). "South Canterbury flood commemorated 30 years on". Stuff. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
- ^ "Te Kāhui Māngai directory". tkm.govt.nz. Te Puni Kōkiri.
- ^ "Māori Maps". maorimaps.com. Te Potiki National Trust.
- ^ "Marae Announcements" (Excel). growregions.govt.nz. Provincial Growth Fund. 9 October 2020.
- ^ a b "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Temuka West (339300) and Temuka East (339600).
- ^ 2018 Census place summary: Temuka West
- ^ 2018 Census place summary: Temuka East
- ^ "Damaged Temuka church faces bulldozer". Stuff. 2 December 2011. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
- ^ "Presbyterian Sunday School Hall, Temuka". Civic Trust. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
- ^ "Churches of Temuka, South Canterbury". sites.rootsweb.com. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
- ^ Education Counts: Temuka Primary School
- ^ Brunton, Tess (19 October 2016). "Temuka public education celebrates 150 years this weekend". Timaru Herald.
- ^ Education Counts: St Joseph's School
- ^ "125 Years Booklet". St Joseph's School Temuka. 7 July 2020.
- ^ Education Counts: Opihi College
- ^ "Welcome to Opihi College". Opihi College. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
- ^ "New Zealand Schools Directory". New Zealand Ministry of Education. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
- ^ "History | Temuka Rugby Club". www.temukarugby.co.nz. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ "Temuka Golf Club". Temuka Holiday Park. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
- ^ "Temuka Golf Club". golfer.com.au. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
- ^ Ashby-Coventry, Esther (11 August 2021). "Temuka Golf Club back to 18 holes after May flooding". Stuff. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
- ^ "Temuka Bowling Club – Bowls New Zealand Aotearoa". 16 April 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
- ^ Comer, Rachael (4 January 2023). "Temuka set to play host to more than 100 bowlers". Stuff. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
- ^ "Temuka – Summer Pool – Timaru District Council". www.timaru.govt.nz. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
- ^ "Venture Timaru Tourism – Temuka Courthouse Museum". www.vttourism.co.nz. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
- ^ Holden, Joanne (3 March 2020). "Earthquake-strengthening of Temuka Courthouse Museum reliant on community". Stuff. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
- ^ Pattemore, Lauren (18 July 2022). "Significant donation moves Temuka Courthouse Museum Project along". Stuff. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
- ^ "Temuka treasures". Otago Daily Times Online News. 13 May 2010. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
- ^ Paddon, Esther (28 April 2012). "Temuka rewards the curious". Stuff. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
- ^ "Welcome to Gannaway New Zealand – The Bagpipe Centre". Gannawaynz.co.nz. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
- ^ "CliFlo – National Climate Database : Temuka". NIWA. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
- ^ "CliFlo -The National Climate Database (Agent number: 5075)". NIWA. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Temuka.