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The '''Northrop Tacit Blue''' was a [[technology demonstrator]] aircraft created to demonstrate that a low-observable [[Stealth technology|stealth]] [[surveillance aircraft]] with a [[low probability of intercept radar]] and other sensors could operate close to the forward line of battle with a high degree of survivability. |
The '''Northrop Tacit Blue''' was a [[technology demonstrator]] aircraft created to demonstrate that a low-observable [[Stealth technology|stealth]] [[surveillance aircraft]] with a [[low probability of intercept radar|low-probability-of-intercept radar (LPIR)]] and other sensors could operate close to the forward line of battle with a high degree of survivability. |
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==Development== |
==Development== |
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Unveiled by the U.S. Air Force on 30 April 1996, the ''Tacit Blue Technology Demonstration Program'' was designed to prove that such an aircraft could continuously monitor the ground situation deep behind the battlefield and provide [[targeting information]] in [[Present|real time]] to a ground [[command center]]. |
Unveiled by the U.S. Air Force on 30 April 1996, the ''Tacit Blue Technology Demonstration Program'' was designed to prove that such an aircraft could continuously monitor the ground situation deep behind the battlefield and provide [[targeting information]] in [[Present|real time]] to a ground [[command center]]. |
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[[File:Pave Mover Antenna Array, view 1, prototype for J-STARS antenna, Norden, 1981-1983 - National Electronics Museum - DSC00429.JPG|thumb|left|[[Pave Mover]] radar antenna]] |
[[File:Pave Mover Antenna Array, view 1, prototype for J-STARS antenna, Norden, 1981-1983 - National Electronics Museum - DSC00429.JPG|thumb|left|[[Pave Mover]] radar antenna]] |
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In December 1976, DARPA and the U.S. Air Force initiated the '''Battlefield Surveillance Aircraft-Experimental (BSAX)''' program, which was part of a larger Air Force program called [[Pave Mover]]. The BSAX program's goal was to develop an efficient [[stealth aircraft|stealth]] [[reconnaissance aircraft]] with a [[low probability of intercept radar]] and other sensors that could operate close to the [[forward line of battle]] with a high degree of [[Survivability#Military|survivability]]. |
In December 1976, DARPA and the U.S. Air Force initiated the '''Battlefield Surveillance Aircraft-Experimental (BSAX)''' program, which was part of a larger Air Force program called [[Pave Mover]]. The BSAX program's goal was to develop an efficient [[stealth aircraft|stealth]] [[reconnaissance aircraft]] with a [[low probability of intercept radar]] and other sensors that could operate close to the [[forward line of battle]] with a high degree of [[Survivability#Military|survivability]]. |
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Tacit Blue represented the "[[black project|black]]" component in the larger "[[Assault Breaker]]" program, which intended to validate the concept of massed standoff attacks on advancing |
Tacit Blue represented the "[[black project|black]]" component in the larger "[[Assault Breaker]]" program, which intended to validate the concept of massed standoff attacks on advancing armored formations using [[smart munition]]s. The Pave Mover radar demonstrators provided the non-stealth portion of the program's [[targeting system]], whereas Tacit Blue was intended to demonstrate a similar but stealth capability, while validating a number of innovative [[stealth technology]] advances.<ref>[http://www.ausairpower.net/TE-Assault-Breaker.html Assault Breaker Program Analysis].</ref> |
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The radar sensor technology developed for Tacit Blue evolved into the radar now being used by the [[E-8 Joint STARS]] aircraft.<ref >{{Cite journal |title=Out of the black comes Tacit Blue |author=Ramon Lopez |date=8 May 1996 |journal=[[Flight Global]] |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/out-of-the-black-comes-tacit-blue-17057/}}</ref> |
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===Pilots=== |
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Tacit Blue pilots were:<ref name=factSheet/> |
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Tacit Blue was given the cover designation of "YF-117D" by the Air Force.<ref>{{cite book |last1=von Ehrenfried |first1=Manfred "Ductch" |title=Stratonauts: Pioneers Venturing into the Stratosphere |date=2013 |publisher=Springer |location=New York |isbn=978-3319029009 |pages=204 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r3W8BAAAQBAJ&q=%22YF-117D%22&pg=PA204}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cover Designations for Classified USAF Aircraft |url=https://www.designation-systems.net/usmilav/coverdesignations.html |access-date=2024-04-22 |website=www.designation-systems.net}}</ref> |
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*Northrop test pilot: [[Richard G. Thomas]]<ref name=AFMag>{{cite web |last1=Grier |first1=Peter |title=The (Tacit) Blue Whale |url=http://www.airforcemag.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/1996/August%201996/0896tacit.aspx/ |publisher=Air Force Magazine |accessdate=25 August 2018 |date=August 1996}}</ref> |
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*Col. Don Cornell |
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*Lt Col. Russ Easter |
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*Lt Col. Ken Dyson |
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*Maj. Dan Vanderhorst |
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==Design== |
==Design== |
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[[File:Northrop Tacit Blue Whale.jpg|thumb|Northrop Tacit Blue Whale |
[[File:Northrop Tacit Blue Whale.jpg|thumb|alt=Northrop Tacit Blue Whale|Northrop's B-2 chief engineer John Cashen<ref name="LATimes1993" >{{cite web |last1= Vartabedian |first1=Ralph |title=Job Stress Catches Up With 'Dr. Stealth' of Aerospace : Science: Eccentric genius John Cashen's departure for Australia has many questioning the technology's future |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-02-26-mn-622-story.html |publisher=L A Times |access-date=28 August 2018 |date=26 February 1993}}</ref> was quoted in 1996 as having said, "You're talking about an aircraft that at the time was arguably the most unstable aircraft man had ever flown."<ref >{{cite web |title=Tacit Blue |url=http://www.news.com/2300-11397_3-6219637-16.html?tag=ne.gall.pg |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120907082056/http://www.news.com/2300-11397_3-6219637-16.html?tag=ne.gall.pg |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 7, 2012 |series=Photos: A brief history of stealth aircraft |work=CNet News |access-date=2 May 2012 |date=November 23, 2007}}</ref><ref name=AFMag/>]] |
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Tacit Blue, nicknamed "the |
Tacit Blue, nicknamed "the whale" (and sometimes also called an "alien school bus" for its only slightly rounded-off rectangular shape),<ref>{{cite news |url=http://foxtrotalpha.jalopnik.com/lockheeds-senior-peg-the-forgotten-stealth-bomber-1534057907 |title=Lockheed's Senior Peg: The Forgotten Stealth Bomber |first=Tyler |last=Rogoway |date=March 1, 2014 |work=Jalopnik}}</ref> featured a straight [[tapered wing]] with a [[V-tail]] mounted on an oversized fuselage with a curved shape. It was the first stealth aircraft to feature curved surfaces for [[radar cross-section]] reduction.<ref >{{Cite book |
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|title=Area 51 |
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|first=Peter W. |last=Merlin |
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The sensor technology developed for Tacit Blue is now being used by the [[E-8 Joint STARS]] aircraft.{{citation needed|date=June 2016}} |
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|year=2011 |
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|publisher=Arcadia Publishing |
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|isbn=978-0738576206 |
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|page=119 |
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|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TLPsUdb_Me8C&pg=PA119 |
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}}</ref> Northrop would use this [[stealth technology]] on the [[B-2 bomber]]. A single [[flush inlet]] on the top of the fuselage provided air to two [[Turbofan#Common types|medium-bypass turbofan]] engines. Tacit Blue employed a quadruply redundant digital [[fly-by-wire]] flight control system to help stabilize the aircraft about its longitudinal and directional axes. |
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==Operational history== |
==Operational history== |
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[[File:Northrop Tacit Blue - cockpit.jpg|thumb|Northrop Tacit Blue cockpit]] |
[[File:Northrop Tacit Blue - cockpit.jpg|thumb|Northrop Tacit Blue cockpit]] |
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The aircraft made its first successful flight on February 5, 1982, in [[Area 51]], at [[Groom Lake, Nevada]], flown by Northrop test pilot [[Richard G. Thomas]].<ref name=AFMag>{{cite web |last1=Grier |first1=Peter |title=The (Tacit) Blue Whale |url=http://www.airforcemag.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/1996/August%201996/0896tacit.aspx/ |publisher=Air Force Magazine |access-date=25 August 2018 |date=August 1996}}</ref> The aircraft subsequently logged 135 flights over a three-year period. The aircraft often flew three to four flights weekly and several times flew more than once a day. |
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The aircraft made its first successful flight on February 5, 1982, in [[Area 51]], at [[Groom Lake, Nevada]] and subsequently logged 135 flights over a three-year period. The aircraft often flew three to four flights weekly and several times flew more than once a day. After reaching about 250 flight hours, the aircraft was placed in storage in 1985. In 1996, after Tacit Blue was declassified, it was placed on display at the [[National Museum of the United States Air Force]] at [[Wright-Patterson Air Force Base]], near [[Dayton, Ohio]]<nowiki/> and has been on display in the new fourth hangar at the museum since June 2016.<ref name=factSheet>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141213195801/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=353 National Museum of the USAF Fact Sheet]</ref> |
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Another Tacit Blue test pilot, Ken Dyson, told CNN in 2014 that Northrop had manufactured additional major components for the jet, which amounted to half of a second plane. "If we lost one, we could have a second one up and flying in short order," Dyson said.<ref name=CNN>{{cite web |last1=Patterson |first1=Thom |title=Area 51 Spy Plane and Other Aviation Tales |url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/air-force-museum-spy-plane/index.html|publisher=CNN |access-date=25 June 2020 |date=February 2014}}</ref> |
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After reaching about 250 flight hours, the aircraft was placed in storage in 1985. In 1996, after Tacit Blue was declassified, it was placed on display at the [[National Museum of the United States Air Force]] at [[Wright-Patterson Air Force Base]], near [[Dayton, Ohio]] and has been on display in the fourth hangar at the museum since June 2016.<ref name=factSheet>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141213195801/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=353 National Museum of the USAF Fact Sheet]</ref> |
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==Specifications== |
==Specifications== |
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Data from the [https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/195769/northrop-tacit-blue/ National Museum of the United States Air Force] and the [https://www.defense.gov/Multimedia/Photos/igphoto/2001236821/#:~:text=Tacit%20Blue%20featured%20a%20straight,feet%20and%20weighed%2030%2C000%20pounds. Department of Defense] |
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{{aircraft specifications |
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|thrust main= 5,440 lbf |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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| Line 125: | Line 144: | ||
|similar aircraft= |
|similar aircraft= |
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*[[Lockheed Have Blue]] |
*[[Lockheed Have Blue]] |
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*[[Boeing MQ-25 Stingray]] features stealthy shaping, flush inlet and v-tail |
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|lists= |
|lists= |
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* [[List of experimental aircraft]] |
* [[List of experimental aircraft]] |
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{{Northrop aircraft}} |
{{Northrop aircraft}} |
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{{USAF fighters}} |
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{{Stealth aircraft}} |
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[[Category:Stealth aircraft]] |
[[Category:Stealth aircraft]] |
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[[Category:United States experimental aircraft |
[[Category:1980s United States experimental aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Code names]] |
[[Category:Code names]] |
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[[Category:Northrop aircraft|Tacit Blue]] |
[[Category:Northrop aircraft|Tacit Blue]] |
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[[Category:V-tail aircraft]] |
[[Category:V-tail aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Black projects]] |
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[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]] |
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Twinjets]] |
[[Category:Twinjets]] |
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[[Category:Area 51]] |
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Revision as of 08:57, 15 August 2024
| Tacit Blue | |
|---|---|
| |
| Role | Stealth demonstrator |
| Manufacturer | Northrop Corporation |
| First flight | February 5, 1982 |
| Retired | 1985 |
| Status | Retired |
| Primary user | United States Air Force |
| Number built | 1 |
The Northrop Tacit Blue was a technology demonstrator aircraft created to demonstrate that a low-observable stealth surveillance aircraft with a low-probability-of-intercept radar (LPIR) and other sensors could operate close to the forward line of battle with a high degree of survivability.
Development
Unveiled by the U.S. Air Force on 30 April 1996, the Tacit Blue Technology Demonstration Program was designed to prove that such an aircraft could continuously monitor the ground situation deep behind the battlefield and provide targeting information in real time to a ground command center.
In December 1976, DARPA and the U.S. Air Force initiated the Battlefield Surveillance Aircraft-Experimental (BSAX) program, which was part of a larger Air Force program called Pave Mover. The BSAX program's goal was to develop an efficient stealth reconnaissance aircraft with a low probability of intercept radar and other sensors that could operate close to the forward line of battle with a high degree of survivability.
Tacit Blue represented the "black" component in the larger "Assault Breaker" program, which intended to validate the concept of massed standoff attacks on advancing armored formations using smart munitions. The Pave Mover radar demonstrators provided the non-stealth portion of the program's targeting system, whereas Tacit Blue was intended to demonstrate a similar but stealth capability, while validating a number of innovative stealth technology advances.[1]
The radar sensor technology developed for Tacit Blue evolved into the radar now being used by the E-8 Joint STARS aircraft.[2]
Tacit Blue was given the cover designation of "YF-117D" by the Air Force.[3][4]
Design
Tacit Blue, nicknamed "the whale" (and sometimes also called an "alien school bus" for its only slightly rounded-off rectangular shape),[8] featured a straight tapered wing with a V-tail mounted on an oversized fuselage with a curved shape. It was the first stealth aircraft to feature curved surfaces for radar cross-section reduction.[9] Northrop would use this stealth technology on the B-2 bomber. A single flush inlet on the top of the fuselage provided air to two medium-bypass turbofan engines. Tacit Blue employed a quadruply redundant digital fly-by-wire flight control system to help stabilize the aircraft about its longitudinal and directional axes.
Operational history
The aircraft made its first successful flight on February 5, 1982, in Area 51, at Groom Lake, Nevada, flown by Northrop test pilot Richard G. Thomas.[7] The aircraft subsequently logged 135 flights over a three-year period. The aircraft often flew three to four flights weekly and several times flew more than once a day.
Another Tacit Blue test pilot, Ken Dyson, told CNN in 2014 that Northrop had manufactured additional major components for the jet, which amounted to half of a second plane. "If we lost one, we could have a second one up and flying in short order," Dyson said.[10]
After reaching about 250 flight hours, the aircraft was placed in storage in 1985. In 1996, after Tacit Blue was declassified, it was placed on display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, near Dayton, Ohio and has been on display in the fourth hangar at the museum since June 2016.[11]
Specifications
Data from the National Museum of the United States Air Force and the Department of Defense
General characteristics
- Crew: 1
- Length: 55 ft 10 in (17.02 m)
- Wingspan: 48 ft 2 in (14.68 m)
- Height: 10 ft 7 in (3.23 m)
- Airfoil: Clark Y mod.[12]
- Gross weight: 30,000 lb (13,608 kg)
- Powerplant: 2 × Garrett ATF3-6 turbofan engines, 5,440 lbf (24.2 kN) thrust each
Performance
- Maximum speed: 250 kn (290 mph, 460 km/h)
- Service ceiling: 25,000–30,000 ft (7,600–9,100 m) operating altitude
- Thrust/weight: 0.36
See also
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
Related lists
- List of experimental aircraft
- List of military aircraft of the United States
- List of stealth aircraft
References
- ^ Assault Breaker Program Analysis.
- ^ Ramon Lopez (8 May 1996). "Out of the black comes Tacit Blue". Flight Global.
- ^ von Ehrenfried, Manfred "Ductch" (2013). Stratonauts: Pioneers Venturing into the Stratosphere. New York: Springer. p. 204. ISBN 978-3319029009.
- ^ "Cover Designations for Classified USAF Aircraft". www.designation-systems.net. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ Vartabedian, Ralph (26 February 1993). "Job Stress Catches Up With 'Dr. Stealth' of Aerospace : Science: Eccentric genius John Cashen's departure for Australia has many questioning the technology's future". L A Times. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
- ^ "Tacit Blue". CNet News. Photos: A brief history of stealth aircraft. November 23, 2007. Archived from the original on September 7, 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
- ^ a b Grier, Peter (August 1996). "The (Tacit) Blue Whale". Air Force Magazine. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
- ^ Rogoway, Tyler (March 1, 2014). "Lockheed's Senior Peg: The Forgotten Stealth Bomber". Jalopnik.
- ^ Merlin, Peter W. (2011). Area 51. Arcadia Publishing. p. 119. ISBN 978-0738576206.
- ^ Patterson, Thom (February 2014). "Area 51 Spy Plane and Other Aviation Tales". CNN. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
- ^ National Museum of the USAF Fact Sheet
- ^ Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Northrop Tacit Blue.