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{{Short description|German-born prelate}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Bishop
| type = Bishop
| honorific-prefix = [[The Most Reverend]]
| honorific-prefix = [[His Excellency]], [[The Most Reverend]]
| name = Joseph Schrembs
| name = Joseph Schrembs
| honorific-suffix =
| honorific-suffix =
| title = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland|Roman Catholic Bishop of Cleveland]]
| title = [[Archbishop]] (personal title)<br>[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland|Bishop of Cleveland]]
| image = Bischof Josepg Schrembs Cleveland2JS.jpg
| image = Bischof Josepg Schrembs Cleveland2JS.jpg
| alt =
| alt =
| caption =
| caption =
| church = Roman Catholic Church
| church = [[Catholic Church|Catholic]]
| archdiocese =
| archdiocese =
| diocese =
| diocese =
| see = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland|Cleveland]]
| see = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland|Diocese of Cleveland]]
| term = June 16, 1921–November 2, 1945
| term = June 16, 1921–<br>November 2, 1945
| predecessor = [[John Patrick Farrelly]]
| predecessor = [[John Patrick Farrelly]]
| successor = [[Edward Francis Hoban]]
| successor = [[Edward Francis Hoban]]
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| ordination = June 29, 1889
<!-- Orders -->
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| ordained_by = [[Henry Richter (bishop)|Henry Richter]]
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| ordination = June 29, 1889
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| consecration = February 22, 1911
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| ordained_by = [[Henry Richter (bishop)|Henry Richter]]
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| consecrated_by = [[Henry Richter (bishop)|Henry Richter]], [[Camillus Paul Maes]] and [[John Samuel Foley]]
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| consecration = February 22, 1911
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| rank = <!-- Personal details -->
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| consecrated_by = [[Henry Richter (bishop)|Henry Richter]]
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| birth_date = {{birth date|1866|3|12}}

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| birth_place = Wutzlhofen, [[Regensburg]], [[Germany]]
[[Camillus Paul Maes]]
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| death_date = {{death date and age|1945|11|2|1866|3|12}}
[[John Samuel Foley]]
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| death_place = [[Cleveland, Ohio]], USA
| rank =
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| buried = [[Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist (Cleveland, Ohio)|Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist]]
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<!-- Personal details -->
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| previous_post = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids|Auxiliary Bishop of Grand Rapids]]<br> (February to August 1911)<br>
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| birth_date = {{birth date|1866|3|12}}
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[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo|Bishop of Toledo]]<br>(1911-1921)
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| birth_place = [[Wutzlhofen]], [[Regensburg]], [[Germany]]
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| death_date = {{death date and age|1945|11|2|1866|3|12}}
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| death_place = [[Cleveland]], [[Ohio]], [[United States]]
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| buried = [[Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist (Cleveland, Ohio)|Cathedral Resurrection Chapel]]
| previous_post = Priest of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids|Diocese of Grand Rapids]] (1889–1911)

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Auxiliary Bishop of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids|Diocese of Grand Rapids]] (February 22, 1911-August 1, 1911)
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Bishop of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo|Diocese of Toledo]] (1911-1921)
| nationality = [[Germany|German]]
| nationality = [[Germany|German]]
| motto =
| motto =
}}
}}


'''Joseph Schrembs''' (March 12, 1866 – November 2, 1945) was a German-born [[prelate]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. He served as the [[bishop (Catholic Church)|bishop]] of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo|Diocese of Toledo]] (1911–21) and the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland|Diocese of Cleveland]], [[Ohio]] (1921–45).
'''Joseph Schrembs''' (March 12, 1866 – November 2, 1945) was a German-born [[prelate]] of the [[Catholic Church]]. He served as an auxiliary bishop of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids|Diocese of Grand Rapids]] in Michigan for five months in 1911, as bishop of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo|Diocese of Toledo]] in Ohio from 1911 to 1921, and as bishop of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland|Diocese of Cleveland]] in [[Ohio]] from 1921 to 1945.


==Biography==
==Biography==


===Early life and education===
===Early life and education===
Joseph Schrembs was born in [[Regensburg|Wutzlhofen]] in the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] (present day Germany), on March 12, 1866. He was one of sixteen children born to George and Mary (née Gäß) Schrembs. Joseph Schrembs received his early education in [[Regensburg]].
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Joseph Schrembs was born in the village of Wutzlhofen (since 1924 a township of [[Regensburg]]), [[Bavaria]]. One of sixteen children, he was born to George and Mary (née Gäß) Schrembs. Shortly afterwards he and his family moved to [[Regensburg]], where Joseph received his early education. In 1877 he came to the [[United States]] under the patronage of Bishop [[Rupert Seidenbusch]], and enrolled at [[Saint Vincent College|St. Vincent's College]] in [[Latrobe, Pennsylvania|Latrobe]], [[Pennsylvania]], where his older brother Rudesind had become a [[Order of Saint Benedict|Benedictine]] [[monk]].<ref name=catholic>{{cite news|work=[[Catholic Encyclopedia]]|title=Toledo (Ohio)|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14759a.htm}}</ref> After completing his [[Classics|classical]] course at St. Vincent's at age sixteen, he taught at the [[parochial school]] of St. Martin's Church<ref>[http://www.louisville-catholic.net/ St. Martin of Tours Catholic Church, Louisville, Kentucky] in [[Louisville, Kentucky]],</ref> until 1884. He was then accepted as a [[Seminary|seminarian]] by Bishop [[Henry Richter (bishop)|Henry Richter]] of [[Grand Rapids, Michigan]], who sent him to study [[philosophy]] and [[theology]] at the [[Grand séminaire de Montréal|Grand Seminary of Montreal]] in [[Quebec]], [[Canada]].

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In 1877, Schrembs immigrated to the United States under the patronage of Bishop [[Rupert Seidenbusch]]. He enrolled at [[Saint Vincent College|St. Vincent's College]] in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, where his older brother Rudesind had become a [[Order of Saint Benedict|Benedictine]] [[monk]].<ref name="catholic">{{cite news|work=[[Catholic Encyclopedia]]|title=Toledo (Ohio)|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14759a.htm}}</ref> After completing his [[Classics|classical]] course at St. Vincent's at age sixteen, Joseph Schrembs taught at the [[parochial school]] of St. Martin's Parish<ref>[http://www.louisville-catholic.net/ St. Martin of Tours Catholic Church, Louisville, Kentucky] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090605133027/http://www.louisville-catholic.net/ |date=2009-06-05 }} in [[Louisville, Kentucky]],</ref> until 1884. He was then accepted as a [[Seminary|seminarian]] by Bishop [[Henry Richter (bishop)|Henry Richter]] of the Diocese of Grand Rapids in Michigan. Richter sent him to study [[philosophy]] and theology at the [[Grand séminaire de Montréal|Grand Seminary of Montreal]] in Montreal, Quebec. Schrembs returned to [[Grand Rapids, Michigan]], in March 1889.


===Ordination and ministry===
===Ordination and ministry===
Returning to Grand Rapids in March 1889, Schrembs was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] by Bishop Richter on June 29, 1889.<ref name=hierarchy>{{cite news|work=Catholic-Hierarchy.org|title=Archbishop Joseph Schrembs|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bschrembs.html}}</ref> He then served as a [[curate]] at St. Mary's Church in [[Saginaw, Michigan|Saginaw]] until 1895, when he became [[pastor]] of St. Mary of the Assumption Church<ref>[http://www.baycitystmary.org/ St. Mary of the Assumption Church] {{wayback|url=http://www.baycitystmary.org/ |date=20090105231708 }}</ref> in [[West Bay City, Michigan]], where he preached every Sunday in both English and French.
Schrembs was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the priesthood for the Diocese of Grand Rapids by Bishop Richter on June 29, 1889.<ref name=hierarchy>{{cite news|work=Catholic-Hierarchy.org|title=Archbishop Joseph Schrembs|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bschrembs.html}}</ref> After his ordination, Schrembs was assigned as a [[curate]] at St. Mary's Parish in [[Saginaw, Michigan]]. In 1895, he was transferred to serve as pastor at St. Mary of the Assumption Parish<ref>[http://www.baycitystmary.org/ St. Mary of the Assumption Church] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105231708/http://www.baycitystmary.org/ |date=January 5, 2009 }}</ref> in [[West Bay City, Michigan]]. Schrembs preached at St. Mary in both English and French.

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In 1900, Schrembs was appointed pastor of St. Mary's, a German language parish in Grand Rapids. While on a tour of Europe in 1902, Father Schrembs purchased a [[grotto]] of [[Our Lady of Lourdes]], which he donated to the parish.

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In addition to his role as pastor, Schrembs was named [[vicar general]] of the diocese in 1903.<ref name=catholic/> During the 1905 flood of the [[Grand River (Michigan)|Grand River]], he used the school at St. Mary's as a [[disaster relief]] center. In 1905, Schrembs built a new convent for the sisters. In January 1906, he was raised to the rank of [[Monsignor|domestic prelate]] by [[Pope Pius X]].<ref name=catholic/> After the [[1906 San Francisco earthquake]], Schrembs took up collections to aid the survivors.<ref>[http://www.stmarygr.org/ "Pastors of St. Mary's", St. Mary Catholic Church, Grand Rapids, Michigan]</ref>

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===Auxiliary Bishop of Grand Rapids===
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On January 8, 1911, Schrembs was appointed as an [[Auxiliary Bishop|auxiliary bishop]] of the Diocese of Grand Rapids and titular bishop of ''[[Sophene]]'' by Pius X.<ref name=hierarchy/> He received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal]] [[consecration]] on February 22, 1911 from Bishop Richter, with Bishops [[Camillus Paul Maes|Camillus Maes]] and [[John Samuel Foley|John Foley]] serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]].<ref name=hierarchy/>


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===Bishop of Toledo===
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He was named pastor of St. Mary Church in Grand Rapids in 1900. St. Mary’s parish was established in 1857 to meet the spiritual needs of the German population in the Grand Rapids area. While on a tour of Europe in 1902, Father Schrembs purchased a grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes, which is still present in the church.
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On August 11, 1911, only months after becoming auxiliary bishop of Grand Rapids, Pius X appointed Schrembs as the first bishop of the newly erected Diocese of Toledo.<ref name=hierarchy/> Schrembs requested the [[Sisters of Saint Francis of Rochester, Minnesota]] send nuns to the Toledo area to work with the children of the Polish immigrants. Sister Adelaide Sandusky, director of the [[College of St. Teresa]], and 22 other Sisters established a home in Toledo and began teaching in area schools. This community became the Sisters of St. Francis of Sylvania, Ohio<ref>[http://sistersosf.org/our-history/mother-mary-adelaide/ Sylvania Franciscans]</ref> From 1911 to 1921, Schrembs established 13 new parishes and 33 schools. At Schrembs' invitation, Visitation nuns came to Toledo in 1915 from their [[Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)|Georgetown]] monastery in Washington, D.C.<ref>[http://www.toledovisitation.org/history/ The Sisters of the Visitation, Toledo, Ohio]</ref>


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In a September 27, 1914 sermon in [[Baltimore]], at a meeting of the [[American Federation of Catholic Societies]], Schrembs criticized the U.S. Government for not doing anything to protect Catholics from violence during the [[Mexican Revolution]].<ref>[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/09/28/100328330.pdf "Bishop of Toledo Demands That Something Be Done In Mexico", ''The New York Times'' September 28, 1914]</ref> During [[World War I]], he served on the Administrative Committee of the [[National Catholic Welfare Council|National Catholic War Council]].<ref>Poluse, Martin. "Archbishop Joseph Schrembs's Battle to Obtain Public Assistance for the Parochial Schools of Cleveland during the Great Depression", ''The Catholic Historical Review'', vol.83, no. 3, July 1997</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=mg42AQAAIAAJ&dq=Joseph+Schrembs+%2B+Toledo&pg=RA11-PA14 ''The Elevator Constructor'', Volumes 15-16, p.14, International Union of Elevator Constructors., 1918]</ref>
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In 1903 he was named [[vicar general]] of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids|Diocese of Grand Rapids]].<ref name=catholic/> During his tenure as pastor, St. Mary's school was used as a local relief station when the Grand River flooded in 1904, and in 1905, a new convent was built for the sisters. In January 1906 he was raised to the rank of [[Monsignor|Domestic Prelate of His Holiness]] by [[Pope Pius X]].<ref name=catholic/> Under the direction of Monsignor Schrembs, collections were taken up for victims of the [[1906 San Francisco earthquake]] and in 1907 he presided over St. Mary's Parish Golden Jubilee.<ref>[http://www.stmarygr.org/ "Pastors of St. Mary's", St. Mary Catholic Church, Grand Rapids, Michigan]</ref>


===Auxiliary Bishop of Grand Rapids, Michigan===
===Bishop of Cleveland===
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On June 16, 1921, Schrembs was appointed the fifth bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland by [[Pope Pius XI]] .<ref name=hierarchy/> On June 12, 1924, Schrembs offered the [[invocation]] on the third day of the [[1924 Republican National Convention]] in Cleveland. He characterized Republican President [[Calvin Coolidge]] as "a chieftain whose record of faithful public service, and whose personality, untarnished and untainted by the pollution of political corruption, will fill the heart of America with the new hope of a second spring."<ref>Official Report of the Proceedings of the Eighteenth Republican National Convention, published by the Republican National Committee (1924), pp. 125-26</ref>
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On January 8, 1911, Schrembs was appointed [[Auxiliary Bishop]] of Grand Rapids and [[Titular Bishop]] of ''[[Sophene]]'' by Pius X.<ref name=hierarchy/> He received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal]] [[consecration]] on the following February 22 from Bishop Richter, with Bishops [[Camillus Paul Maes]] and [[John Samuel Foley]] serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]].<ref name=hierarchy/>


In 1925, Pope Pius XI presented the [[Relic|relics]] of St. Christine to Schrembs. Christine, a 13 year-old girl who died for her faith around 300 AD, was moved from the [[Catacombs of Rome|Roman catacombs]] to [[Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist (Cleveland, Ohio)|St. John's Cathedral]] in Cleveland. The diocese had previously donated money to the Vatican for the establishment of the House of Catacombs outside Rome.<ref name="christine">{{cite magazine|date=1925-08-03|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|TIME Magazine]]|title=Saint's Body|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,720639,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219123516/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,720639,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 19, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Christine Relics |url=https://saintjohncathedral.com/st-christine-relics |access-date=2022-06-17 |website=Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist |language=en}}</ref> Schrembs promoted the cause for [[canonization]] of [[Kateri Tekakwitha]], a 17th century [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] woman from what is today [[Upstate New York]] who converted to Catholicism.<ref name="saints">{{cite magazine|date=1935-11-18|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|TIME Magazine]]|title=Saintly Causes|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,755345,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222080211/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,755345,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 22, 2011}}</ref> Tekakwitha was proclaimed a saint by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in October 2012.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-10-21 |title=Kateri Tekakwitha: First Catholic Native American saint |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-19996957 |access-date=2022-06-17}}</ref>
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===Bishop of Toledo, Ohio===
Shortly after his consecration in February, Schrembs was named the first [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo|Bishop of Toledo]], [[Ohio]], on August 11, 1911.<ref name=hierarchy/> Schrembs requested the [[Sisters of Saint Francis of Rochester, Minnesota]]
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send members to the Toledo area to work with the children of the Polish immigrants. Sister Adelaide Sandusky, directress of the [[College of St. Teresa]] and 22 other Sisters established a home in Toledo and began teaching in area schools. This community became the Sisters of St. Francis of Sylvania, Ohio <ref>[http://sistersosf.org/our-history/mother-mary-adelaide/ Sylvania Franciscans]</ref> From 1911 to 1921 Bishop Schrembs established thirteen new parishes and thirtythree schools. At Bishop Schrembs invitation, Visitation nuns came to Toledo in 1915 from the Georgetown (Washington, D.C.) Monastery.<ref>[http://www.toledovisitation.org/history/ The Sisters of the Vistation, Toledo, Ohio]</ref>


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Schrembs was given the personal title of [[archbishop]] on March 25, 1939.<ref name="hierarchy" /> In 1940, he placed Holy Redeemer Church in Cleveland under [[interdict]] for refusing to accept his appointment of a pastor.<ref name="interdict">{{cite magazine|date=1940-03-04|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|TIME Magazine]]|title=Interdict|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,763601,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311143156/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,763601,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 11, 2007}}</ref> During his tenure, he erected 27 parishes in Cleveland and 35 outside the city. In 1942, as Schrembs' [[diabetes]] worsened, [[Pope Pius XII]] named Bishop [[Edward Francis Hoban|Edward Hoban]] as Schrembs' coadjutor bishop to help him with his duties.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-11 |title=SCHREMBS, JOSEPH |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/s/schrembs-joseph |access-date=2022-06-17 |website=Encyclopedia of Cleveland History {{!}} Case Western Reserve University |language=en}}</ref>
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In a September 27, 1914 sermon in Baltimore, before a meeting of the American Federation of Catholic Societies, Schrembs criticized the failure of the United States government to insist upon the protection of Catholics in Mexico.<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9C06E4D7143AE633A2575BC2A96F9C946596D6CF "Bishop of Toledo Demands That Something Be Done In Mexico", ''The New York Times'' September 28, 1914]</ref> During World War I, he served on the Administrative Committee of the [[National Catholic Welfare Council|National Catholic War Council]].<ref> Poluse, Martin. "Archbishop Joseph Schrembs's Battle to Obtain Public Assistance for the Parochial Schools of Cleveland during the Great Depression", ''The Catholic Historical Review'', vol.83, no. 3, July 1997</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=mg42AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA11-PA14&lpg=RA11-PA14&dq=Joseph+Schrembs+%2B+Toledo&source=bl&ots=2rqgtXOm9_&sig=fg_xAw7NTYWk6b1S5AVpk4cqOEU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwii8orzztPNAhXSth4KHfE-BPU4FBDoAQghMAI#v=onepage&q=Joseph%20Schrembs%20%2B%20Toledo&f=false ''The Elevator Constructor'', Volumes 15-16, p.14, International Union of Elevator Constructors., 1918]</ref>


Joseph Schrembs died on November 2, 1945, in Cleveland at age 79.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archbishop Joseph Schrembs [Catholic-Hierarchy] |url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bschrembs.html |access-date=2022-06-17 |website=www.catholic-hierarchy.org}}</ref>
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===Bishop of Cleveland, Ohio===
On June 16, 1921, he was appointed the fifth [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland|Bishop of Cleveland]].<ref name=hierarchy/>


== Viewpoints ==
Schrembs once described [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]] as "fanaticism."<ref name=death>{{cite news|date=1945-11-12|work=[[Time (magazine)|TIME Magazine]]|title=Milestones|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,792544,00.html}}</ref>


=== Temperance ===
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On June 12, 1924, he offered the [[invocation]] at the opening of the third day of the [[1924 Republican National Convention]]; he characterized President [[Calvin Coolidge]] as "a chieftain whose record of faithful public service, and whose personality, untarnished and untainted by the pollution of political corruption, will fill the heart of America with the new hope of a second spring."<ref>Official Report of the Proceedings of the Eighteenth Republican National Convention, published by the Republican National Committee (1924), pp. 125-26</ref>
In 1923, speaking to a meeting of the National Council of Catholic Women in Washington, D.C., Schrembs criticized the U.S. Government for spending millions of dollars trying to enforce [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]], the ban on alcoholic beverages in the United States. He said that the law, based on the [[Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Eighteenth amendment]] to the US Constitution, was unenforceable and that high officials were breaking the law themselves by consuming alcohol.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1923-10-02 |title=BISHOP SAYS OFFICIALS VIOLATE THE DRY LAW; Schrembs Tells Catholic Women Every One Knows in His Heart Prohibition Is Not Enforceable. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1923/10/02/archives/bishop-says-officials-violate-the-dry-law-schrembs-tells-catholic.html |access-date=2022-06-17 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>


=== Public morality ===
In 1925 the body of [[Christina of Bolsena|St. Christine]] was presented to Schrembs by [[Pope Pius XI]], and moved from its resting place in a [[Rome|Roman]] [[monastery]] to [[Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist (Cleveland, Ohio)|St. John's Cathedral]].<ref name=christine>{{cite news|date=1925-08-03|work=[[Time (magazine)|TIME Magazine]]|title=Saint's Body|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,720639,00.html}}</ref>
In 1927, in an address to the National Council of Catholic Women in Washington, D.C. Schrembs charged that a large group of "Godless Jews combined nationally and internationally in activities in the amusement world, the results of which were to menace public morality." Schrembs tried to temper his remarks by claiming that he had "...the utmost respect for the Jewish race" and that many "right-minded Jews" also opposed these threats to [[public morality]].<ref name="jews">{{cite news |date=1927-09-27 |title=Bishop Attacks 'Vicious' Theatres |work=[[New York Times]] |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1927/09/27/96670173.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0}}</ref>


When physicist [[Charles F. Brush]] advocated [[birth control]] as a means of the "betterment of the human stock" and [[population control]], Schrembs condemned his remarks, saying, "In older times we referred to humans as the human race, but according to this foundation we are being classed with the animals on the farm, the cow, the horse, the mule...According to this foundation, I have no right to be born, for I am the youngest of 16 children and God bless my mother for every one of them!"<ref name=brush>{{cite news|date=1928-07-02|work=[[Time (magazine)|TIME Magazine]]|title=Better Babies|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,881141-2,00.html}}</ref>
When fan dancer [[Sally Rand]] rode in Cleveland's [[Saint Patrick's Day|St. Patrick's Day]] parade in 1937 next to a float dedicated to the [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|Virgin Mary]], Schrembs declared, "I am deeply humiliated and ashamed...[Rand's] inclusion does not represent the mind of the great Irish people."<ref name="rand">{{cite magazine |date=1937-03-29 |title=People |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|TIME Magazine]] |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,757507,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125025101/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,757507,00.html |archive-date=January 25, 2012}}</ref>


=== Eugenics ===
He promoted the cause for [[canonization]] of [[Kateri Tekakwitha]].<ref name=saints>{{cite news|date=1935-11-18|work=[[Time (magazine)|TIME Magazine]]|title=Saintly Causes|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,755345,00.html}}</ref>
In 1928, physicist [[Charles F. Brush]], an advocate of [[eugenics]], established the Brush Foundation in Cleveland. In a statement, Brush advocated [[birth control]] as a means of the "betterment of the human stock" and [[population control]]. He specifically mentioned preventing the births of babies with physical and mental disabilities.<ref name="brush">{{cite magazine |date=1928-07-02 |title=Better Babies |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|TIME Magazine]] |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,881141-2,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104023008/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,881141-2,00.html |archive-date=November 4, 2012}}</ref> Schrembs condemned Brush's remarks, saying,<blockquote>"In older times we referred to humans as the human race, but according to this foundation we are being classed with the animals on the farm, the cow, the horse, the mule...According to this foundation, I have no right to be born, for I am the youngest of 16 children and God bless my mother for every one of them!"<ref name="brush" /></blockquote>


=== Fascism ===
When [[fan dance]]r [[Sally Rand]] rode in Cleveland's [[Saint Patrick's Day|St. Patrick's Day]] parade in 1937 next to a float dedicated to the [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|Virgin Mary]], Schrembs declared, "I am deeply humiliated and ashamed...[Rand's] inclusion does not represent the mind of the great Irish people."<ref name=rand>{{cite news|date=1937-03-29|work=[[Time (magazine)|TIME Magazine]]|title=People|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,757507,00.html}}</ref>
In August 1936, Schrembs expressed his admiration for Italian dictator [[Benito Mussolini]] and his [[Fascist Regime|Fascist regime]] in Italy:<blockquote>I admire what fascism has done for Italy. There is no doubt that Mussolini saved Italy from communism and has made this one of the front rank countries of Europe.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1936-08-07 |title=COUGHLIN IS CALLED FRIEND OF DEMOCRACY; Bishop Schrembs Pictures Him as the Protector of American Institutions. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1936/08/07/archives/coughlin-is-called-friend-of-democracy-bishop-schrembs-pictures-him.html |access-date=2022-06-17 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>


</blockquote>
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Schrembs was given the personal title of [[Archbishop]] on March 25, 1939.<ref name=hierarchy/> In 1940 he placed [http://www.holyredeemer-cleveland.4lpi.com/ Holy Redeemer Church] in Cleveland under [[interdict]] for refusing to accept his appointment as pastor.<ref name=interdict>{{cite news|date=1940-03-04|work=[[Time (magazine)|TIME Magazine]]|title=Interdict|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,763601,00.html}}</ref> During his tenure, he erected 27 parishes in Cleveland and 35 outside the city.


==See also==
==See also==
Line 90: Line 95:


== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://dspace.wrlc.org/view/ImgViewer?url=http://dspace.wrlc.org/doc/manifest/2041/15936 Photosite of Rt. Rev. Bishop Schrembs]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110718093913/http://dspace.wrlc.org/view/ImgViewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdspace.wrlc.org%2Fdoc%2Fmanifest%2F2041%2F15936 Photosite of Rt. Rev. Bishop Schrembs]
* [http://www.dioceseofcleveland.org/ Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland]
* [http://www.dioceseofcleveland.org/ Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland]
* [http://www.dioceseofgrandrapids.org/ Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids]
* [http://www.dioceseofgrandrapids.org/ Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090430094028/http://www.dioceseofgrandrapids.org/ |date=2009-04-30 }}
* [http://www.toledodiocese.org/ Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo]
* [http://www.toledodiocese.org/ Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo]


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[[Category:Bavarian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Bavarian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Saint Vincent College alumni]]
[[Category:Saint Vincent College alumni]]
[[Category:People from Regensburg]]
[[Category:Clergy from Regensburg]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic bishops of Cleveland]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic bishops of Cleveland]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic bishops of Toledo]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic bishops of Toledo]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the United States]]

Latest revision as of 14:42, 19 August 2024

His Excellency, The Most Reverend

Joseph Schrembs
Archbishop (personal title)
Bishop of Cleveland
ChurchCatholic
SeeDiocese of Cleveland
In officeJune 16, 1921–
November 2, 1945
PredecessorJohn Patrick Farrelly
SuccessorEdward Francis Hoban
Previous post(s)Auxiliary Bishop of Grand Rapids
(February to August 1911)
Bishop of Toledo
(1911-1921)
Orders
OrdinationJune 29, 1889
by Henry Richter
ConsecrationFebruary 22, 1911
by Henry Richter, Camillus Paul Maes and John Samuel Foley
Personal details
Born(1866-03-12)March 12, 1866
Wutzlhofen, Regensburg, Germany
DiedNovember 2, 1945(1945-11-02) (aged 79)
Cleveland, Ohio, USA
BuriedCathedral of St. John the Evangelist
NationalityGerman

Joseph Schrembs (March 12, 1866 – November 2, 1945) was a German-born prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as an auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Grand Rapids in Michigan for five months in 1911, as bishop of the Diocese of Toledo in Ohio from 1911 to 1921, and as bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland in Ohio from 1921 to 1945.

Biography

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Early life and education

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Joseph Schrembs was born in Wutzlhofen in the Kingdom of Bavaria (present day Germany), on March 12, 1866. He was one of sixteen children born to George and Mary (née Gäß) Schrembs. Joseph Schrembs received his early education in Regensburg.

In 1877, Schrembs immigrated to the United States under the patronage of Bishop Rupert Seidenbusch. He enrolled at St. Vincent's College in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, where his older brother Rudesind had become a Benedictine monk.[1] After completing his classical course at St. Vincent's at age sixteen, Joseph Schrembs taught at the parochial school of St. Martin's Parish[2] until 1884. He was then accepted as a seminarian by Bishop Henry Richter of the Diocese of Grand Rapids in Michigan. Richter sent him to study philosophy and theology at the Grand Seminary of Montreal in Montreal, Quebec. Schrembs returned to Grand Rapids, Michigan, in March 1889.

Ordination and ministry

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Schrembs was ordained to the priesthood for the Diocese of Grand Rapids by Bishop Richter on June 29, 1889.[3] After his ordination, Schrembs was assigned as a curate at St. Mary's Parish in Saginaw, Michigan. In 1895, he was transferred to serve as pastor at St. Mary of the Assumption Parish[4] in West Bay City, Michigan. Schrembs preached at St. Mary in both English and French.

In 1900, Schrembs was appointed pastor of St. Mary's, a German language parish in Grand Rapids. While on a tour of Europe in 1902, Father Schrembs purchased a grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes, which he donated to the parish.

In addition to his role as pastor, Schrembs was named vicar general of the diocese in 1903.[1] During the 1905 flood of the Grand River, he used the school at St. Mary's as a disaster relief center. In 1905, Schrembs built a new convent for the sisters. In January 1906, he was raised to the rank of domestic prelate by Pope Pius X.[1] After the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, Schrembs took up collections to aid the survivors.[5]

Auxiliary Bishop of Grand Rapids

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On January 8, 1911, Schrembs was appointed as an auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Grand Rapids and titular bishop of Sophene by Pius X.[3] He received his episcopal consecration on February 22, 1911 from Bishop Richter, with Bishops Camillus Maes and John Foley serving as co-consecrators.[3]

Bishop of Toledo

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On August 11, 1911, only months after becoming auxiliary bishop of Grand Rapids, Pius X appointed Schrembs as the first bishop of the newly erected Diocese of Toledo.[3] Schrembs requested the Sisters of Saint Francis of Rochester, Minnesota send nuns to the Toledo area to work with the children of the Polish immigrants. Sister Adelaide Sandusky, director of the College of St. Teresa, and 22 other Sisters established a home in Toledo and began teaching in area schools. This community became the Sisters of St. Francis of Sylvania, Ohio[6] From 1911 to 1921, Schrembs established 13 new parishes and 33 schools. At Schrembs' invitation, Visitation nuns came to Toledo in 1915 from their Georgetown monastery in Washington, D.C.[7]

In a September 27, 1914 sermon in Baltimore, at a meeting of the American Federation of Catholic Societies, Schrembs criticized the U.S. Government for not doing anything to protect Catholics from violence during the Mexican Revolution.[8] During World War I, he served on the Administrative Committee of the National Catholic War Council.[9][10]

Bishop of Cleveland

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On June 16, 1921, Schrembs was appointed the fifth bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland by Pope Pius XI .[3] On June 12, 1924, Schrembs offered the invocation on the third day of the 1924 Republican National Convention in Cleveland. He characterized Republican President Calvin Coolidge as "a chieftain whose record of faithful public service, and whose personality, untarnished and untainted by the pollution of political corruption, will fill the heart of America with the new hope of a second spring."[11]

In 1925, Pope Pius XI presented the relics of St. Christine to Schrembs. Christine, a 13 year-old girl who died for her faith around 300 AD, was moved from the Roman catacombs to St. John's Cathedral in Cleveland. The diocese had previously donated money to the Vatican for the establishment of the House of Catacombs outside Rome.[12][13] Schrembs promoted the cause for canonization of Kateri Tekakwitha, a 17th century Native American woman from what is today Upstate New York who converted to Catholicism.[14] Tekakwitha was proclaimed a saint by Pope Benedict XVI in October 2012.[15]

Schrembs was given the personal title of archbishop on March 25, 1939.[3] In 1940, he placed Holy Redeemer Church in Cleveland under interdict for refusing to accept his appointment of a pastor.[16] During his tenure, he erected 27 parishes in Cleveland and 35 outside the city. In 1942, as Schrembs' diabetes worsened, Pope Pius XII named Bishop Edward Hoban as Schrembs' coadjutor bishop to help him with his duties.[17]

Joseph Schrembs died on November 2, 1945, in Cleveland at age 79.[18]

Viewpoints

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Temperance

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In 1923, speaking to a meeting of the National Council of Catholic Women in Washington, D.C., Schrembs criticized the U.S. Government for spending millions of dollars trying to enforce Prohibition, the ban on alcoholic beverages in the United States. He said that the law, based on the Eighteenth amendment to the US Constitution, was unenforceable and that high officials were breaking the law themselves by consuming alcohol.[19]

Public morality

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In 1927, in an address to the National Council of Catholic Women in Washington, D.C. Schrembs charged that a large group of "Godless Jews combined nationally and internationally in activities in the amusement world, the results of which were to menace public morality." Schrembs tried to temper his remarks by claiming that he had "...the utmost respect for the Jewish race" and that many "right-minded Jews" also opposed these threats to public morality.[20]

When fan dancer Sally Rand rode in Cleveland's St. Patrick's Day parade in 1937 next to a float dedicated to the Virgin Mary, Schrembs declared, "I am deeply humiliated and ashamed...[Rand's] inclusion does not represent the mind of the great Irish people."[21]

Eugenics

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In 1928, physicist Charles F. Brush, an advocate of eugenics, established the Brush Foundation in Cleveland. In a statement, Brush advocated birth control as a means of the "betterment of the human stock" and population control. He specifically mentioned preventing the births of babies with physical and mental disabilities.[22] Schrembs condemned Brush's remarks, saying,

"In older times we referred to humans as the human race, but according to this foundation we are being classed with the animals on the farm, the cow, the horse, the mule...According to this foundation, I have no right to be born, for I am the youngest of 16 children and God bless my mother for every one of them!"[22]

Fascism

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In August 1936, Schrembs expressed his admiration for Italian dictator Benito Mussolini and his Fascist regime in Italy:

I admire what fascism has done for Italy. There is no doubt that Mussolini saved Italy from communism and has made this one of the front rank countries of Europe.[23]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c "Toledo (Ohio)". Catholic Encyclopedia.
  2. ^ St. Martin of Tours Catholic Church, Louisville, Kentucky Archived 2009-06-05 at the Wayback Machine in Louisville, Kentucky,
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Archbishop Joseph Schrembs". Catholic-Hierarchy.org.
  4. ^ St. Mary of the Assumption Church Archived January 5, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ "Pastors of St. Mary's", St. Mary Catholic Church, Grand Rapids, Michigan
  6. ^ Sylvania Franciscans
  7. ^ The Sisters of the Visitation, Toledo, Ohio
  8. ^ "Bishop of Toledo Demands That Something Be Done In Mexico", The New York Times September 28, 1914
  9. ^ Poluse, Martin. "Archbishop Joseph Schrembs's Battle to Obtain Public Assistance for the Parochial Schools of Cleveland during the Great Depression", The Catholic Historical Review, vol.83, no. 3, July 1997
  10. ^ The Elevator Constructor, Volumes 15-16, p.14, International Union of Elevator Constructors., 1918
  11. ^ Official Report of the Proceedings of the Eighteenth Republican National Convention, published by the Republican National Committee (1924), pp. 125-26
  12. ^ "Saint's Body". TIME Magazine. 1925-08-03. Archived from the original on February 19, 2012.
  13. ^ "St. Christine Relics". Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist. Retrieved 2022-06-17.
  14. ^ "Saintly Causes". TIME Magazine. 1935-11-18. Archived from the original on December 22, 2011.
  15. ^ "Kateri Tekakwitha: First Catholic Native American saint". BBC News. 2012-10-21. Retrieved 2022-06-17.
  16. ^ "Interdict". TIME Magazine. 1940-03-04. Archived from the original on March 11, 2007.
  17. ^ "SCHREMBS, JOSEPH". Encyclopedia of Cleveland History | Case Western Reserve University. 2018-05-11. Retrieved 2022-06-17.
  18. ^ "Archbishop Joseph Schrembs [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved 2022-06-17.
  19. ^ "BISHOP SAYS OFFICIALS VIOLATE THE DRY LAW; Schrembs Tells Catholic Women Every One Knows in His Heart Prohibition Is Not Enforceable". The New York Times. 1923-10-02. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-06-17.
  20. ^ "Bishop Attacks 'Vicious' Theatres" (PDF). New York Times. 1927-09-27.
  21. ^ "People". TIME Magazine. 1937-03-29. Archived from the original on January 25, 2012.
  22. ^ a b "Better Babies". TIME Magazine. 1928-07-02. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012.
  23. ^ "COUGHLIN IS CALLED FRIEND OF DEMOCRACY; Bishop Schrembs Pictures Him as the Protector of American Institutions". The New York Times. 1936-08-07. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-06-17.
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Episcopal succession

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Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Bishop of Cleveland
1921–1945 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
none
 Bishop of Toledo
1911–1921 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
-
 Auxiliary Bishop of Grand Rapids
1911–1911 		Succeeded by
-
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