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{{Short description|Large blood vessel}}
{{Short description|Large blood vessel on upper limb}}
{{Use American English|date = January 2019}}
{{Use American English|date = January 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date = January 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date = January 2019}}
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| Latin = arteria brachialis
| Latin = arteria brachialis
| Image = Gray525.png
| Image = Gray525.png
| Caption = The brachial artery.
| Caption = The brachial artery
| Image2 = Gray526.png
| Image2 = Gray526.png
| Caption2 = Right upper limb, anterior view, '''brachial artery''' and [[Elbow-joint|elbow]].
| Caption2 = Right upper limb, anterior view, '''brachial artery''' and [[Elbow-joint|elbow]].
| BranchFrom = [[axillary artery]]
| BranchFrom = [[Axillary artery]]
| BranchTo = [[Profunda brachii]]<br>[[Superior ulnar collateral artery]]<br>[[Inferior ulnar collateral artery]]<br>[[Radial artery]]<br>[[Ulnar artery]]
| BranchTo = [[Profunda brachii]]<br>[[Superior ulnar collateral artery]]<br>[[Inferior ulnar collateral artery]]<br>[[Radial artery]]<br>[[Ulnar artery]]
| Vein = [[brachial vein]]
| Vein = [[Brachial vein]]
| Supplies = [[biceps brachii muscle]], [[triceps brachii muscle]], [[coracobrachialis]]
| Supplies = [[Biceps brachii muscle]], [[triceps brachii muscle]], [[coracobrachialis]]
}}
}}


The '''brachial artery''' is the major [[blood vessel]] of the (upper) arm. It is the continuation of the [[axillary artery]] beyond the lower margin of [[teres major muscle]]. It continues down the [[ventral]] surface of the arm until it reaches the [[cubital fossa]] at the [[Elbow-joint|elbow]]. It then divides into the [[radial artery|radial]] and [[ulnar artery|ulnar]] [[artery|arteries]] which run down the [[forearm]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Gray's anatomy : the anatomical basis of clinical practice|others=Standring, Susan|isbn=9780702052309|edition=Forty-first |location=[Philadelphia]|oclc=920806541|year = 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/brachial-artery|title=Brachial artery|website=Kenhub|language=en|access-date=2019-09-28}}</ref> In some individuals, the bifurcation occurs much earlier and the ulnar and radial arteries extend through the upper arm. The [[pulse]] of the brachial artery is [[palpation|palpable]] on the anterior aspect of the elbow, medial to the [[tendon]] of the [[Biceps brachii muscle|biceps]], and, with the use of a [[stethoscope]] and [[sphygmomanometer]] (blood pressure cuff), often used to measure the [[blood pressure]].<ref name=":0" />
The '''brachial artery''' is the major [[blood vessel]] of the (upper) arm. It is the continuation of the [[axillary artery]] beyond the lower margin of [[teres major muscle]]. It continues down the [[ventral]] surface of the arm until it reaches the [[cubital fossa]] at the [[Elbow-joint|elbow]]. It then divides into the [[radial artery|radial]] and [[ulnar artery|ulnar]] [[artery|arteries]] which run down the [[forearm]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Gray's anatomy : the anatomical basis of clinical practice|others=Standring, Susan|isbn=9780702052309|edition=Forty-first |location=[Philadelphia]|oclc=920806541|year = 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/brachial-artery|title=Brachial artery|website=Kenhub|language=en|access-date=2019-09-28}}</ref> In some individuals, the bifurcation occurs much earlier and the ulnar and radial arteries extend through the upper arm. The [[pulse]] of the brachial artery is [[palpation|palpable]] on the anterior aspect of the elbow, medial to the [[tendon]] of the [[Biceps brachii muscle|biceps]], and, with the use of a [[stethoscope]] and [[sphygmomanometer]] (blood pressure cuff), often used to measure the [[blood pressure]].<ref name=":0" />


The brachial artery is closely related to the [[median nerve]]; in proximal regions, the median nerve is immediately lateral to the brachial artery. Distally, the median nerve crosses the medial side of the brachial artery and lies anterior to the elbow joint.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Clinically oriented anatomy|last=Moore, Keith L.|others=Dalley, Arthur F., II,, Agur, A. M. R.|isbn=978-1451119459|edition=Seventh|location=Philadelphia|oclc=813301028|date = February 13, 2013}}</ref>
The brachial artery is closely related to the [[median nerve]]; in proximal regions, the median nerve is immediately lateral to the brachial artery.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McCready |first=R. A. |date=August 1988 |title=Upper-extremity vascular injuries |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3046002/ |journal=The Surgical Clinics of North America |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=725–740 |doi=10.1016/s0039-6109(16)44582-2 |issn=0039-6109 |pmid=3046002}}</ref> Distally, the median nerve crosses the medial side of the brachial artery and lies anterior to the elbow joint.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Clinically oriented anatomy|last=Moore, Keith L.|others=Dalley, Arthur F., II,, Agur, A. M. R.|isbn=978-1451119459|edition=Seventh|location=Philadelphia|oclc=813301028|date = February 13, 2013}}</ref>


==Structure==
==Structure==
The brachial artery gives rise to the following branches:<ref name=":1" />
The brachial artery gives rise to the following branches:_<ref name=":1" />


*[[Profunda brachii artery]] (deep brachial artery)
*[[Profunda brachii artery]] (deep brachial artery)
*[[Superior ulnar collateral artery]]
*[[Superior ulnar collateral artery]]
*[[Inferior ulnar collateral artery]]
*[[Inferior ulnar collateral artery]]
*[[Radial artery]] (a terminal branch)
*[[Radial artery]] (used to palpate radial pulse)(a terminal branch)
*[[Ulnar artery]] (a terminal branch)
*[[Ulnar artery]] (a terminal branch)
* Nutrient branches to the [[humerus]]
* Nutrient branches to the [[humerus]]
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It also gives rise to important anastomotic networks of the elbow and (as the axillary artery) the shoulder.
It also gives rise to important anastomotic networks of the elbow and (as the axillary artery) the shoulder.


The biceps head is lateral to the brachial artery. The median nerve is medial to the brachial artery for most of its course.
The [[biceps]] head is lateral to the brachial artery. The median nerve is medial to the brachial artery for most of its course.
fracture of lower end of humerous may cause rupture of bracheal artery


==Additional images==
==Additional images==

Latest revision as of 10:38, 21 August 2024

Brachial artery
The brachial artery
Right upper limb, anterior view, brachial artery and elbow.
Details
SourceAxillary artery
BranchesProfunda brachii
Superior ulnar collateral artery
Inferior ulnar collateral artery
Radial artery
Ulnar artery
VeinBrachial vein
SuppliesBiceps brachii muscle, triceps brachii muscle, coracobrachialis
Identifiers
Latinarteria brachialis
MeSHD001916
TA98A12.2.09.018
TA24632
FMA22689
Anatomical terminology

The brachial artery is the major blood vessel of the (upper) arm. It is the continuation of the axillary artery beyond the lower margin of teres major muscle. It continues down the ventral surface of the arm until it reaches the cubital fossa at the elbow. It then divides into the radial and ulnar arteries which run down the forearm.[1][2] In some individuals, the bifurcation occurs much earlier and the ulnar and radial arteries extend through the upper arm. The pulse of the brachial artery is palpable on the anterior aspect of the elbow, medial to the tendon of the biceps, and, with the use of a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff), often used to measure the blood pressure.[1]

The brachial artery is closely related to the median nerve; in proximal regions, the median nerve is immediately lateral to the brachial artery.[3] Distally, the median nerve crosses the medial side of the brachial artery and lies anterior to the elbow joint.[1][4]

Structure

[edit]

The brachial artery gives rise to the following branches:_[4]

It also gives rise to important anastomotic networks of the elbow and (as the axillary artery) the shoulder.

The biceps head is lateral to the brachial artery. The median nerve is medial to the brachial artery for most of its course. fracture of lower end of humerous may cause rupture of bracheal artery

Additional images

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  • Cross-section through the middle of upper arm
    Cross-section through the middle of upper arm
  • The axillary artery and its branches
    The axillary artery and its branches
  • The radial and ulnar arteries
    The radial and ulnar arteries
  • Ulnar and radial arteries; deep view
    Ulnar and radial arteries; deep view
  • The deep veins of the upper extremity
    The deep veins of the upper extremity
  • The right brachial plexus (infraclavicular portion) in the axillary fossa; viewed from below and in front
    The right brachial plexus (infraclavicular portion) in the axillary fossa; viewed from below and in front
  • Front of right upper extremity, showing surface markings for bones, arteries, and nerves
    Front of right upper extremity, showing surface markings for bones, arteries, and nerves
  • Deep dissection; anterior view
    Deep dissection; anterior view
  • Deep dissection; anterior view
    Deep dissection; anterior view
  • The brachial artery can be palpated midway along the medial side of the arm
    The brachial artery can be palpated midway along the medial side of the arm
  • A medical student using a sphygmomanometer to measure blood pressure from the brachial artery's pulse.
    A medical student using a sphygmomanometer to measure blood pressure from the brachial artery's pulse.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Gray's anatomy : the anatomical basis of clinical practice. Standring, Susan (Forty-first ed.). [Philadelphia]. 2016. ISBN 9780702052309. OCLC 920806541.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
  2. ^ "Brachial artery". Kenhub. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
  3. ^ McCready, R. A. (August 1988). "Upper-extremity vascular injuries". The Surgical Clinics of North America. 68 (4): 725–740. doi:10.1016/s0039-6109(16)44582-2. ISSN 0039-6109. PMID 3046002.
  4. ^ a b Moore, Keith L. (February 13, 2013). Clinically oriented anatomy. Dalley, Arthur F., II,, Agur, A. M. R. (Seventh ed.). Philadelphia. ISBN 978-1451119459. OCLC 813301028.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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