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{{Short description|Genus of trees}}
{{Distinguish|Corymbium}}
{{Distinguish|Corymbium}}
{{for|the locality in Australia|Corymbia, Queensland}}
{{automatic taxobox
{{automatic taxobox
|image = Corymbia ficifolia Flowers.jpg
|image = Corymbia ficifolia Flowers.jpg
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|display_parents = 2
|display_parents = 2
|taxon = Corymbia
|taxon = Corymbia
|authority = [[Ken Hill (botanist)|K.D.Hill]] & [[Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson|L.A.S.Johnson]]<ref name="APC">{{cite web |title=''Corymbia'' |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/119693|website=Australian Plant Census |accessdate=27 January 2020}}</ref>
|authority = [[Ken Hill (botanist)|K.D.Hill]] & [[Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson|L.A.S.Johnson]]<ref name="APC">{{cite web |title=''Corymbia'' |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/119693|website=Australian Plant Census |access-date=27 January 2020}}</ref>
|type_species = ''[[Corymbia gummifera]]''
|type_species = ''[[Corymbia gummifera]]''
|type_species_authority = ([[Joseph Gaertner|Gaertn.]]) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson<ref name="APNI" />
|type_species_authority = ([[Joseph Gaertner|Gaertn.]]) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson<ref name="APNI" />
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[[File:Corymbia intermedia capsules.jpg|thumb|Fruit of ''[[Corymbia intermedia]]'']]
[[File:Corymbia intermedia capsules.jpg|thumb|Fruit of ''[[Corymbia intermedia]]'']]


'''''Corymbia''''' is a genus of about one hundred species of tree that, along with ''[[Eucalyptus]]'', ''[[Angophora]]'' and several smaller groups, are referred to as [[eucalypts]]. Until 1990, corymbias were included in the genus ''Eucalyptus'' and there is still considerable disagreement among botanists as to whether or not separating them is valid. As at January 2020, ''Corymbia'' is an accepted name at the [[Australian Plant Census]].
'''''Corymbia''''', commonly known as '''bloodwoods''',<ref name="Telopea">{{cite journal |last1=Hill |first1=Kenneth D. |last2=Johnson |first2=Lawrence A.S. |title=Systematic studies in the eucalypts. 7. A revision of the bloodwoods, genus ''Corymbia'' (Myrtaceae) |journal=Telopea |date=13 December 1995 |volume=6 |issue=2–3 |pages=185–504 |doi=10.7751/telopea19953017|doi-access=free }}</ref> is a genus of about one hundred species of tree that, along with ''[[Eucalyptus]]'', ''[[Angophora]]'' and several smaller groups, are referred to as [[eucalypts]]. Until 1990, corymbias were included in the genus ''Eucalyptus'' and there is still considerable disagreement among botanists as to whether separating them is valid. As of January 2020, ''Corymbia'' is an accepted name at the [[Australian Plant Census]].


==Description==
==Description==
Eucalypts in the genus ''Corymbia'' are trees, sometimes [[Mallee (habit)|mallee]]-like, that either have rough, fibrous or flaky bark, or smooth bark that is shed in small flakes or short strips. Young plants and [[coppice]] regrowth have leaves that differ from adult leaves. The adult leaves are arranged alternately (strictly disjunct opposite, but appearing alternate), with oil glands. The flower buds are arranged in groups on a branching [[Peduncle (botany)|peduncle]], each branch usually with seven buds, but with the [[Pedicel (botany)|pedicels]] of differing lengths, so that the [[inflorescence]] is flat-topped or convex. The [[Stamen#Morphology and terminology|anthers]] are joined to the [[Stamen|filament]] at their mid-point and open by parallel slits. As in ''Eucalyptus'', the five [[sepal]]s are fused to form an outer calyptra (or [[Operculum (botany)|operculum]]) and the five petals an inner calyptra, the two calyptra being shed separately or together as the flower opens. Also as in ''Eucalyptus'' the fruit is usually a woody [[Capsule (botany)|capsule]], but in this case the disc is always depressed and the valves are always enclosed.<ref name="Telopea" /><ref name=FloraBase>{{FloraBase|name=''Corymbia''|id=21820}}</ref><ref name="RBGS">{{cite web |last1=Hill |first1=Ken |title=''Corymbia'' |url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=gn&name=Corymbia |publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Sydney |accessdate=28 January 2020}}</ref><ref name="RBGV">{{cite web |last1=Messina |first1=Andre |last2=Stajsic |first2=Val |title=''Corymbia'' |url=https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/77be5475-a381-46ef-8a7e-2f0fd4666b1f |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria |accessdate=28 January 2020}}</ref>
Eucalypts in the genus ''Corymbia'' are trees, sometimes [[Mallee (habit)|mallee]]-like, that either have rough, fibrous or flaky bark, or smooth bark that is shed in small flakes or short strips. Young plants and [[coppice]] regrowth have leaves that differ from adult leaves. The adult leaves are arranged alternately (strictly disjunct opposite, but appearing alternate), with oil glands. The flower buds are arranged in groups on a branching [[Peduncle (botany)|peduncle]], each branch usually with seven buds, but with the [[Pedicel (botany)|pedicels]] of differing lengths, so that the [[inflorescence]] is flat-topped or convex. The [[Stamen#Morphology and terminology|anthers]] are joined to the [[Stamen|filament]] at their mid-point and open by parallel slits. As in ''Eucalyptus'', the five [[sepal]]s are fused to form an outer calyptra (or [[Operculum (botany)|operculum]]) and the five petals an inner calyptra, the two calyptra being shed separately or together as the flower opens. Also as in ''Eucalyptus'' the fruit is usually a woody [[Capsule (botany)|capsule]], but in this case the disc is always depressed and the valves are always enclosed.<ref name="Telopea" /><ref name=FloraBase>{{FloraBase|name=''Corymbia''|id=21820}}</ref><ref name="RBGS">{{cite web |last1=Hill |first1=Ken |title=''Corymbia'' |url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=gn&name=Corymbia |publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Sydney |access-date=28 January 2020}}</ref><ref name="RBGV">{{cite web |last1=Messina |first1=Andre |last2=Stajsic |first2=Val |title=''Corymbia'' |url=https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/77be5475-a381-46ef-8a7e-2f0fd4666b1f |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria |access-date=28 January 2020}}</ref>


==Taxonomy and naming==
==Taxonomy and naming==
The genus ''Corymbia'' was first formally described in 1995 by [[Ken Hill (botanist)|Ken Hill]] and [[Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson|Lawrie Johnson]] in the journal ''[[Telopea (journal)|Telopea]]''. The [[Type (biology)|type]] species is ''[[Corymbia gummifera|C. gummifera]]''.<ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Corymbia''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/562323|publisher=APNI|accessdate=25 January 2020}}</ref><ref name="Telopea" /> The genus name, ''Corymbia'' is from the [[Latin]] word ''corymbus'', meaning "a [[corymb]]".<ref name="Sharr">{{cite book |author=[[Francis Aubie Sharr]]|title=Western Australian Plant Names and their Meanings |date=2019 |publisher=Four Gables Press |location=Kardinya, Western Australia |isbn=9780958034180 |page=71}}</ref>
The genus ''Corymbia'' was first formally described in 1995 by [[Ken Hill (botanist)|Ken Hill]] and [[Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson|Lawrie Johnson]] in the journal ''[[Telopea (journal)|Telopea]]''. The [[Type (biology)|type]] species is ''[[Corymbia gummifera|C. gummifera]]''.<ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Corymbia''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/562323|publisher=APNI|access-date=25 January 2020}}</ref><ref name="Telopea" /> The genus name, ''Corymbia'' is from the [[Latin]] word ''corymbus'', meaning "a [[corymb]]".<ref name="Sharr">{{cite book |author=Francis Aubie Sharr |author-link=Francis Aubie Sharr |title=Western Australian Plant Names and their Meanings |date=2019 |publisher=Four Gables Press |location=Kardinya, Western Australia |isbn=9780958034180 |page=71}}</ref>


The bloodwoods had been recognised as a distinct group within the large and diverse genus ''Eucalyptus'' since 1867. Molecular research in the 1990s, however, showed that they, along with the rest of the section Corymbia, are more closely related to ''[[Angophora]]'' than to ''Eucalyptus'', and are now regarded as a separate genus by the [[Australian Plant Census]].<ref name="APC" /> All three genera, ''Angophora'', ''Corymbia'' and ''Eucalyptus'', are closely related, and are generally referred to as "[[eucalypt]]s".<ref name="ASGAP" /><ref name="CANBR">{{cite web |title=A brief history of ''Eucalyptus'', ''Angophora'' and ''Corymbia'' |url=http://keyserver.lucidcentral.org:8080/euclid/data/02050e02-0108-490e-8900-0e0601070d00/media/Html/learn.htm#history |publisher=Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research |accessdate=28 January 2020}}</ref>
The bloodwoods had been recognised as a distinct group within the large and diverse genus ''Eucalyptus'' since 1867. Molecular research in the 1990s, however, showed that they, along with the rest of the section Corymbia, are more closely related to ''[[Angophora]]'' than to ''Eucalyptus'', and are now regarded as a separate genus by the [[Australian Plant Census]].<ref name="APC" /> All three genera, ''Angophora'', ''Corymbia'' and ''Eucalyptus'', are closely related, and are generally referred to as "[[eucalypt]]s".<ref name="ASGAP" /><ref name="CANBR">{{cite web |title=A brief history of ''Eucalyptus'', ''Angophora'' and ''Corymbia'' |url=http://keyserver.lucidcentral.org:8080/euclid/data/02050e02-0108-490e-8900-0e0601070d00/media/Html/learn.htm#history |publisher=Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research |access-date=28 January 2020}}</ref>
Botanists Ken Hill and Lawrie Johnson were the first to define the genus ''Corymbia'' in 1995, identifying the bloodwoods, ghost gums and spotted gums as a group distinct from ''Eucalyptus''.<ref name="Telopea">{{cite journal |last1=Hill |first1=Kenneth D. |last2=Johnson |first2=Lawrence A.S. |title=Systematic studies in the eucalypts. 7. A revision of the bloodwoods, genus ''Corymbia'' (Myrtaceae) |journal=Telopea |date=13 December 1995 |volume=6 |issue=2-3 |pages=185–504 |doi=10.7751/telopea19953017|doi-access=free }}</ref>


Botanists Ken Hill and Lawrie Johnson were the first to define the genus ''Corymbia'' in 1995, identifying the bloodwoods, ghost gums and spotted gums as a group distinct from ''Eucalyptus''.<ref name="Telopea" />
⚫
Since 1995, there have been ongoing investigations into the relationships between the genera. Genetic analysis of ETS and ITS sequences of DNA in 2006 by Carlos Parra-O and colleagues of 67 taxa (47 of which were within ''Corymbia'') yielded ''Corymbia'' and ''Angophora'' as each other's closest relatives, with the genus ''Eucalyptus'' as an earlier offshoot. The small genera ''[[Eucalyptopsis]]'', ''[[Stockwellia]]'' and ''[[Allosyncarpia]]'' formed a [[clade]] which arose earlier still.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Parra-O., Carlos |author2=Bayly, Michael |author3=Udovicic, Frank |author4=Ladiges, Pauline |year=2006|title=ETS sequences support the monophyly of the eucalypt genus ''Corymbia'' (Myrtaceae)|journal=Taxon|volume= 55|issue=3|pages=653–63|jstor=25065641}}</ref> In 2009, Parra-O and colleagues added more taxa and published a combined analysis of nuclear rDNA (ETS + ITS) and morphological characters published to clarify relationships within the genus. This confirmed two main clades, which they defined as the subgenera ''Corymbia'' and ''Blakella''.<ref name="ASGAP">{{cite web |last1=Barrow |first1=Jim |title=''Corymbia'', ''Corymbia'' ... wherefore art thou ''Corymbia''? |url=http://anpsa.org.au/APOL19/sep00-3.html |publisher=Association of Societies for Growing Australian Plants |accessdate=28 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Parra-O. | first1 = C.| last2 = Bayly | first2 = M. J. | last3 = Drinnan | first3 = A. | last4 = Udovicic | first4 = F. | last5 = Ladiges | first5 = P. | title = Phylogeny, major clades and infrageneric classification of ''Corymbia''(Myrtaceae), based on nuclear ribosomal DNA and morphology | doi = 10.1071/SB09028 | journal = Australian Systematic Botany | volume = 22 | issue = 5 | pages = 384–399 | year = 2009 | pmid = | pmc = }}</ref>

⚫
Since 1995, there have been ongoing investigations into the relationships between the genera. Genetic analysis of ETS and ITS sequences of DNA in 2006 by Carlos Parra-O and colleagues of 67 taxa (47 of which were within ''Corymbia'') yielded ''Corymbia'' and ''Angophora'' as each other's closest relatives, with the genus ''Eucalyptus'' as an earlier offshoot. The small genera ''[[Eucalyptopsis]]'', ''[[Stockwellia]]'' and ''[[Allosyncarpia]]'' formed a [[clade]] which arose earlier still.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Parra-O., Carlos |author2=Bayly, Michael |author3=Udovicic, Frank |author4=Ladiges, Pauline |year=2006|title=ETS sequences support the monophyly of the eucalypt genus ''Corymbia'' (Myrtaceae)|journal=Taxon|volume= 55|issue=3|pages=653–63|doi=10.2307/25065641 |jstor=25065641}}</ref> In 2009, Parra-O and colleagues added more taxa and published a combined analysis of nuclear rDNA (ETS + ITS) and morphological characters published to clarify relationships within the genus. This confirmed two main clades, which they defined as the subgenera ''Corymbia'' and ''Blakella''.<ref name="ASGAP">{{cite web |last1=Barrow |first1=Jim |title=''Corymbia'', ''Corymbia'' ... wherefore art thou ''Corymbia''? |url=http://anpsa.org.au/APOL19/sep00-3.html |publisher=Association of Societies for Growing Australian Plants |access-date=28 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Parra-O. | first1 = C.| last2 = Bayly | first2 = M. J. | last3 = Drinnan | first3 = A. | last4 = Udovicic | first4 = F. | last5 = Ladiges | first5 = P. | title = Phylogeny, major clades and infrageneric classification of ''Corymbia''(Myrtaceae), based on nuclear ribosomal DNA and morphology | doi = 10.1071/SB09028 | journal = Australian Systematic Botany | volume = 22 | issue = 5 | pages = 384–399 | year = 2009 }}</ref>


==Species list==
==Species list==
Line 43: Line 45:


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons|Corymbia}}
{{Commons}}
* [http://keyserver.lucidcentral.org:8080/euclid/player.jsp?keyId=2&thumbnails=true Lucid Online Player - EUCLID Eucalypts of Australia] ([[Multi-access key]] to 917 species/subspecies taxonomy as of December 2009, Includes Corymbias and Angophoras.)
* [http://keyserver.lucidcentral.org:8080/euclid/player.jsp?keyId=2&thumbnails=true Lucid Online Player - EUCLID Eucalypts of Australia] ([[Multi-access key]] to 917 species/subspecies taxonomy as of December 2009, Includes Corymbias and Angophoras.)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030301202118/http://www.anbg.gov.au/projects/eucalypts/corymbia.html A New Name for the Bloodwood and Ghost Gum Eucalypts]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030301202118/http://www.anbg.gov.au/projects/eucalypts/corymbia.html A New Name for the Bloodwood and Ghost Gum Eucalypts]
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[[Category:Myrtales of Australia]]
[[Category:Myrtales of Australia]]
[[Category:Ornamental trees]]
[[Category:Ornamental trees]]
[[Category:Flora of New Guinea]]

Latest revision as of 07:22, 25 August 2024

Not to be confused with Corymbium.
For the locality in Australia, see Corymbia, Queensland.

Corymbia
Corymbia ficifolia near Austins Ferry
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Subfamily: Myrtoideae
Tribe: Eucalypteae
Genus: Corymbia
K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson[1]
Type species
Corymbia gummifera
(Gaertn.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson[2]
Diversity
about 113 species
Fruit of Corymbia intermedia

Corymbia, commonly known as bloodwoods,[3] is a genus of about one hundred species of tree that, along with Eucalyptus, Angophora and several smaller groups, are referred to as eucalypts. Until 1990, corymbias were included in the genus Eucalyptus and there is still considerable disagreement among botanists as to whether separating them is valid. As of January 2020, Corymbia is an accepted name at the Australian Plant Census.

Description

[edit]

Eucalypts in the genus Corymbia are trees, sometimes mallee-like, that either have rough, fibrous or flaky bark, or smooth bark that is shed in small flakes or short strips. Young plants and coppice regrowth have leaves that differ from adult leaves. The adult leaves are arranged alternately (strictly disjunct opposite, but appearing alternate), with oil glands. The flower buds are arranged in groups on a branching peduncle, each branch usually with seven buds, but with the pedicels of differing lengths, so that the inflorescence is flat-topped or convex. The anthers are joined to the filament at their mid-point and open by parallel slits. As in Eucalyptus, the five sepals are fused to form an outer calyptra (or operculum) and the five petals an inner calyptra, the two calyptra being shed separately or together as the flower opens. Also as in Eucalyptus the fruit is usually a woody capsule, but in this case the disc is always depressed and the valves are always enclosed.[3][4][5][6]

Taxonomy and naming

[edit]

The genus Corymbia was first formally described in 1995 by Ken Hill and Lawrie Johnson in the journal Telopea. The type species is C. gummifera.[2][3] The genus name, Corymbia is from the Latin word corymbus, meaning "a corymb".[7]

The bloodwoods had been recognised as a distinct group within the large and diverse genus Eucalyptus since 1867. Molecular research in the 1990s, however, showed that they, along with the rest of the section Corymbia, are more closely related to Angophora than to Eucalyptus, and are now regarded as a separate genus by the Australian Plant Census.[1] All three genera, Angophora, Corymbia and Eucalyptus, are closely related, and are generally referred to as "eucalypts".[8][9]

Botanists Ken Hill and Lawrie Johnson were the first to define the genus Corymbia in 1995, identifying the bloodwoods, ghost gums and spotted gums as a group distinct from Eucalyptus.[3]

Since 1995, there have been ongoing investigations into the relationships between the genera. Genetic analysis of ETS and ITS sequences of DNA in 2006 by Carlos Parra-O and colleagues of 67 taxa (47 of which were within Corymbia) yielded Corymbia and Angophora as each other's closest relatives, with the genus Eucalyptus as an earlier offshoot. The small genera Eucalyptopsis, Stockwellia and Allosyncarpia formed a clade which arose earlier still.[10] In 2009, Parra-O and colleagues added more taxa and published a combined analysis of nuclear rDNA (ETS + ITS) and morphological characters published to clarify relationships within the genus. This confirmed two main clades, which they defined as the subgenera Corymbia and Blakella.[8][11]

Species list

[edit]
Further information: List of Corymbia species

Distribution

[edit]

Species of Corymbia occur in all mainland states of Australia and in the Northern Territory. There are about 100 species, all endemic to Australia except for four species that also occur in New Guinea, and one that is endemic to that country.[1][5]

  • Corymbia, capsules (fruit)
    Corymbia, capsules (fruit)
  • Corymbia flowers
    Corymbia flowers
  • Corymbia capsules (fruit)
    Corymbia capsules (fruit)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Corymbia". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Corymbia". APNI. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d Hill, Kenneth D.; Johnson, Lawrence A.S. (13 December 1995). "Systematic studies in the eucalypts. 7. A revision of the bloodwoods, genus Corymbia (Myrtaceae)". Telopea. 6 (2–3): 185–504. doi:10.7751/telopea19953017.
  4. ^ "Corymbia". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  5. ^ a b Hill, Ken. "Corymbia". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  6. ^ Messina, Andre; Stajsic, Val. "Corymbia". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  7. ^ Francis Aubie Sharr (2019). Western Australian Plant Names and their Meanings. Kardinya, Western Australia: Four Gables Press. p. 71. ISBN 9780958034180.
  8. ^ a b Barrow, Jim. "Corymbia, Corymbia ... wherefore art thou Corymbia?". Association of Societies for Growing Australian Plants. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  9. ^ "A brief history of Eucalyptus, Angophora and Corymbia". Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  10. ^ Parra-O., Carlos; Bayly, Michael; Udovicic, Frank; Ladiges, Pauline (2006). "ETS sequences support the monophyly of the eucalypt genus Corymbia (Myrtaceae)". Taxon. 55 (3): 653–63. doi:10.2307/25065641. JSTOR 25065641.
  11. ^ Parra-O., C.; Bayly, M. J.; Drinnan, A.; Udovicic, F.; Ladiges, P. (2009). "Phylogeny, major clades and infrageneric classification of Corymbia(Myrtaceae), based on nuclear ribosomal DNA and morphology". Australian Systematic Botany. 22 (5): 384–399. doi:10.1071/SB09028.
[edit]
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