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'''Fratire''' is a type of 21st-century fiction literature written for and marketed to young men in a [[political correctness|politically incorrect]] and overtly [[masculinity|masculine]] fashion. The term was coined following the popularity of works by [[George Ouzounian]] (writing under the pen name Maddox) and [[Tucker Max]].<ref name="NY TIMES"/> Described as a satirical celebration of traditional masculinity, the genre has been criticized for allegedly promoting [[sexism]] and [[misogyny]].<ref>Ann Johnson, "The Subtleties of Blatant Sexism", ''Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies'', Volume 4, Issue 2 June 2007 |
'''Fratire''' is a type of 21st-century fiction literature written for and marketed to young men in a [[political correctness|politically incorrect]] and overtly [[masculinity|masculine]] fashion. The term was coined following the popularity of works by [[George Ouzounian]] (writing under the pen name Maddox) and [[Tucker Max]].<ref name="NY TIMES"/> Described as a satirical celebration of traditional masculinity, the genre has been criticized for allegedly promoting [[sexism]] and [[misogyny]].<ref>Ann Johnson, "The Subtleties of Blatant Sexism", ''Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies'', Volume 4, Issue 2, June 2007, pages 166-183.</ref> |
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==Genre== |
==Genre== |
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Fratire generally features male protagonists, usually in their twenties and thirties. It is characterized by masculine themes and could be considered the male equivalent of [[chick lit]].<ref name="NY TIMES"/><ref>{{cite news | last = Harkin | first = James | title = The return of the real man | |
Fratire generally features male protagonists, usually in their twenties and thirties. It is characterized by masculine themes and could be considered the male equivalent of [[chick lit]].<ref name="NY TIMES"/><ref>{{cite news | last = Harkin | first = James | title = The return of the real man | work = [[Financial Times]] |date=September 15, 2006 | url = http://us.ft.com/ftgateway/superpage.ft?news_id=fto091520060937397349 | access-date = June 20, 2010 }}{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The genre was popularized by [[Tucker Max]]'s ''[[I Hope They Serve Beer in Hell]]'' and [[Maddox (writer)|Maddox's]] webpage titled [[The Best Page in the Universe]] and his book ''[[The Alphabet of Manliness]]''. According to one of the authors, "fratire as a genre represents the non-mainstream literary reaction to the feminization of masculinity", although not all the books address this so directly.<ref name="maddox">{{cite web |url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tucker-max/pass-the-beer-in-defense_b_22530.html |title = Pass the Beer: In Defense of 'Fratire' |work = [[The Huffington Post]] |date=August 6, 2006 |author = Tucker Max|access-date = February 22, 2008}}</ref> |
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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Fratire is a [[portmanteau]] of [[Fraternities and sororities|fraternity]] and [[satire]]. The term was introduced by ''[[ |
Fratire is a [[portmanteau]] of [[Fraternities and sororities|fraternity]] and [[satire]]. The term was introduced by ''[[New York Times]]'' reporter [[Warren St. John]] in a 2006 article titled "Dude, here's my book". Allegedly, it was the only word allowed by the editor.<ref name="NY TIMES">{{cite news | last = St. John | first = Warren | title = Dude, Here's My Book | work = [[The New York Times]] | date = April 16, 2006| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/16/fashion/sundaystyles/16CADS.html | access-date = February 18, 2008 }}</ref><ref name="maddox"/> Tucker Max, after first hearing the term during a telephone interview with St. John, said, |
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{{blockquote|Great Holy Jesus. Warren, that is awful. First off, I wasn't in a fraternity. Neither was Maddox. In fact, none of the writers you are profiling in your article was in a frat. Please, call it anything else.<ref name="maddox"/>}} |
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The term aimed to classify the recent publication of male-centric books that focused on alcohol and sexual themes. Publishers continued to push the genre as a sales tactic.<ref>[ |
The term aimed to classify the recent publication of male-centric books that focused on alcohol and sexual themes. Publishers continued to push the genre as a sales tactic.<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/tag/fratire/products ''Fratire products''] Amazon.com, Retrieved on September 14, 2008</ref> After the success of the books published by Max and Maddox, publishers and reporters attempted to capitalize on the trend with new iterations of the word, including "[[lad-lit]]", "dicklit", "frat-lit" and "menaissance".<ref>{{cite news |
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| last = Harkin |
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| first = James |
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| title = The return of the real man |
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| work = Financial Times |date=September 19, 2006 |
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| date = |
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| access-date = February 18, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |
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| last = Martens |
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| accessdate = 2008-02-18 }}</ref> |
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<ref>{{cite news |
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| title = The Menaissance |
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| magazine = [[Time (magazine)|Time]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| title = The Menaissance |
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| ⚫ | |||
| publisher = Time Magazine (June 11, 2006) |
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060615155249/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1202949,00.html |
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| ⚫ | |||
| url-status = dead |
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| ⚫ | |||
| archive-date = June 15, 2006 |
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| accessdate = 2008-02-18 }}</ref> |
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| access-date = February 18, 2008 }}</ref> |
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==Criticism of fratire== |
==Criticism of fratire== |
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[[Melissa Lafsky]] of '' |
[[Melissa Lafsky]] of ''The New York Times'' described the genre as "[[misogyny]] for sale".<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.huffingtonpost.com/melissa-lafsky/misogyny-for-sale-the-ne_b_22313.html |title= Misogyny for sale: The new 'Frat-Lit' trend |work = The Huffington Post |last = Lafsky | first = Melissa | author-link = Melissa Lafsky| date= June 6, 2006|access-date = February 22, 2008 }}</ref> Lafsky wrote that fratire authors were profiting by fueling young male anger concerning societal demands for equality. In a ''[[Salon.com]]'' interview with [[Rebecca Traister]], Ouzounian said his writing was a nostalgic parody of old-fashioned masculinity and that society had moved too far forward to return to those concepts.<ref>{{cite news|last=Traister|first=Rebecca|author-link=Rebecca Traister|title=It's a man's world|work=[[Salon (website)|Salon]]|date= June 2, 2006|url=http://www.salon.com/mwt/feature/2006/06/02/maddox_qa/|access-date=September 15, 2008}}</ref> In an interview with [[Public Radio International]], Maddox offered the suggestion that the misogyny often associated with the genre of fratire had become more acceptable because women are stronger than they've ever been in society, and that singling out women as the only group not okay to lampoon is a sexist act in itself.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://216.22.0.192/images/maddox_pri.mp3|title = Save the males|publisher = Public Radio International|work = [[To the Best of Our Knowledge]] |date = June 29, 2006|access-date = June 29, 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110530062817/http://216.22.0.192/images/maddox_pri.mp3|archive-date = May 30, 2011|url-status = dead}}</ref> In a 2008 article, [[Kira Cochrane]] in the ''[[New Statesman]]'' disputed that idea, stating there still remained much inequality between men and women. Cochrane called the fratire genre a regression to old-fashioned sexism "presented under the veil of irony".<ref>{{cite news | last=Cochrane|first=Kira|author-link=Kira Cochrane|title =Retrosexual, or just misogynist?|work=[[New Statesman]]|date= June 5, 2008|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/society/2008/06/cochrane-women-woman-long|access-date=September 14, 2008}}</ref> |
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==Authors== |
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*[[Maddox (writer)|George Ouzounian (Maddox)]] |
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*[[Tucker Max]] |
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*[[David Thorne (writer)|David Thorne]] |
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*[[Frank Kelly Rich]] |
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*[[Neil Strauss]]<ref>Donovan, [http://attraction-chronicles.blogspot.com/2005/09/interview-with-neil-strauss-author-of.html "Interview with Neil Strauss author of 'The Game'"], The Attraction Chronicles, September 9, 2005. Retrieved on 2009-06-05</ref> |
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*[[Robert Hamburger]] |
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*[[Chad Kultgen]] |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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== Further reading == |
== Further reading == |
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*Davis, Johnny [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4159/is_20060730/ai_n16647701 |
*Davis, Johnny [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4159/is_20060730/ai_n16647701 "The frat pack"]. ''The Independent'', London, July 30, 2006. |
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*Eugene, Lee [http://www.dailycal.org/article/22894/serious_art_frat-guy_fun |
*Eugene, Lee [http://www.dailycal.org/article/22894/serious_art_frat-guy_fun "Serious Art, Frat-guy Fun"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331162259/http://www.dailycal.org/article/22894/serious_art_frat-guy_fun |date=March 31, 2009 }}. ''The Daily Californian'', University of California Berkeley, February 8, 2007. |
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*Ohern, Adam [http://media.www.thetraveleronline.com/media/storage/paper688/news/2007/10/15/LifeStyle/Dude-Wheres.My.Book-3031092.shtml |
*Ohern, Adam [https://web.archive.org/web/20080621175147/http://media.www.thetraveleronline.com/media/storage/paper688/news/2007/10/15/LifeStyle/Dude-Wheres.My.Book-3031092.shtml "Dude, where's my book? Fratire: a new literary genre"]. ''The Arkansas Traveler''. October 15, 2007. |
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[[Category:Fratire| ]] |
[[Category:Fratire| ]] |
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[[Category:21st-century literature]] |
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[[Category:Masculinity]] |
[[Category:Masculinity]] |
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[[Category:Men's culture]] |
[[Category:Men's culture]] |
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Latest revision as of 22:45, 26 August 2024
Fratire is a type of 21st-century fiction literature written for and marketed to young men in a politically incorrect and overtly masculine fashion. The term was coined following the popularity of works by George Ouzounian (writing under the pen name Maddox) and Tucker Max.[1] Described as a satirical celebration of traditional masculinity, the genre has been criticized for allegedly promoting sexism and misogyny.[2]
Genre
[edit]Fratire generally features male protagonists, usually in their twenties and thirties. It is characterized by masculine themes and could be considered the male equivalent of chick lit.[1][3] The genre was popularized by Tucker Max's I Hope They Serve Beer in Hell and Maddox's webpage titled The Best Page in the Universe and his book The Alphabet of Manliness. According to one of the authors, "fratire as a genre represents the non-mainstream literary reaction to the feminization of masculinity", although not all the books address this so directly.[4]
Etymology
[edit]Fratire is a portmanteau of fraternity and satire. The term was introduced by New York Times reporter Warren St. John in a 2006 article titled "Dude, here's my book". Allegedly, it was the only word allowed by the editor.[1][4] Tucker Max, after first hearing the term during a telephone interview with St. John, said,
Great Holy Jesus. Warren, that is awful. First off, I wasn't in a fraternity. Neither was Maddox. In fact, none of the writers you are profiling in your article was in a frat. Please, call it anything else.[4]
The term aimed to classify the recent publication of male-centric books that focused on alcohol and sexual themes. Publishers continued to push the genre as a sales tactic.[5] After the success of the books published by Max and Maddox, publishers and reporters attempted to capitalize on the trend with new iterations of the word, including "lad-lit", "dicklit", "frat-lit" and "menaissance".[6][7]
Criticism of fratire
[edit]Melissa Lafsky of The New York Times described the genre as "misogyny for sale".[8] Lafsky wrote that fratire authors were profiting by fueling young male anger concerning societal demands for equality. In a Salon.com interview with Rebecca Traister, Ouzounian said his writing was a nostalgic parody of old-fashioned masculinity and that society had moved too far forward to return to those concepts.[9] In an interview with Public Radio International, Maddox offered the suggestion that the misogyny often associated with the genre of fratire had become more acceptable because women are stronger than they've ever been in society, and that singling out women as the only group not okay to lampoon is a sexist act in itself.[10] In a 2008 article, Kira Cochrane in the New Statesman disputed that idea, stating there still remained much inequality between men and women. Cochrane called the fratire genre a regression to old-fashioned sexism "presented under the veil of irony".[11]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c St. John, Warren (April 16, 2006). "Dude, Here's My Book". The New York Times. Retrieved February 18, 2008.
- ^ Ann Johnson, "The Subtleties of Blatant Sexism", Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, Volume 4, Issue 2, June 2007, pages 166-183.
- ^ Harkin, James (September 15, 2006). "The return of the real man". Financial Times. Retrieved June 20, 2010.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b c Tucker Max (August 6, 2006). "Pass the Beer: In Defense of 'Fratire'". The Huffington Post. Retrieved February 22, 2008.
- ^ Fratire products Amazon.com, Retrieved on September 14, 2008
- ^ Harkin, James (September 19, 2006). "The return of the real man". Financial Times. Retrieved February 18, 2008.
- ^ Martens, Ellin (June 11, 2006). "The Menaissance". Time. Archived from the original on June 15, 2006. Retrieved February 18, 2008.
- ^ Lafsky, Melissa (June 6, 2006). "Misogyny for sale: The new 'Frat-Lit' trend". The Huffington Post. Retrieved February 22, 2008.
- ^ Traister, Rebecca (June 2, 2006). "It's a man's world". Salon. Retrieved September 15, 2008.
- ^ "Save the males". To the Best of Our Knowledge. Public Radio International. June 29, 2006. Archived from the original on May 30, 2011. Retrieved June 29, 2008.
- ^ Cochrane, Kira (June 5, 2008). "Retrosexual, or just misogynist?". New Statesman. Retrieved September 14, 2008.
Further reading
[edit]- Davis, Johnny "The frat pack". The Independent, London, July 30, 2006.
- Eugene, Lee "Serious Art, Frat-guy Fun" Archived March 31, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. The Daily Californian, University of California Berkeley, February 8, 2007.
- Ohern, Adam "Dude, where's my book? Fratire: a new literary genre". The Arkansas Traveler. October 15, 2007.