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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2019}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2019}}
{{infobox UK place
{{Infobox UK place
|official_name= Lydiard Tregoze
| official_name = Lydiard Tregoze
|static_image_name= Lydiard Tregoze Church - geograph.org.uk - 285029.jpg
| static_image_name = Lydiard Tregoze Church - geograph.org.uk - 285029.jpg
|static_image_caption= St Mary's, Lydiard Tregoze
| static_image_caption = St Mary's, Lydiard Tregoze
|coordinates = {{coord|51.561|-1.850|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|51.561|-1.850|type:city(500)_region:GB_WIL|display=inline,title}}
|os_grid_reference= SU105847
| os_grid_reference = SU105847
|label_position= left
| label_position = left
|population= 495
| population = 495
|population_ref= (in 2011)<ref>{{cite web|title=Wiltshire Community History – Census|url=http://history.wiltshire.gov.uk/community/getcensus.php?item=Lydiard%20Tregoze|publisher=Wiltshire Council|access-date=3 March 2015}}</ref>
| population_ref = (in 2011)<ref>{{cite web|title=Wiltshire Community History – Census|url=https://apps.wiltshire.gov.uk/communityhistory/Census?communityId=147|publisher=Wiltshire Council|access-date=3 March 2015}}</ref>
|civil_parish= Lydiard Tregoze
| civil_parish = Lydiard Tregoze
|unitary_england= [[Wiltshire Council|Wiltshire]]
| unitary_england = [[Wiltshire Council|Wiltshire]]
|shire_county= [[Wiltshire]]
| shire_county = [[Wiltshire]]
|region= South West England
| region = South West England
|country= England
| country = England
|post_town= Swindon
| post_town = Swindon
|postcode_district= SN4, SN5
| postcode_district = SN4, SN5
|postcode_area= SN
| postcode_area = SN
|dial_code= 01793
| dial_code = 01793
|constituency_westminster= [[North Wiltshire (UK Parliament constituency)|North Wiltshire]]
| constituency_westminster = [[Chippenham (UK Parliament constituency)|Chippenham]]
| website = {{URL|https://lydiardtregoze-pc.org.uk|Parish Council}}
|website=
}}
}}
'''Lydiard Tregoze''' is a small village and [[Civil parishes in England|civil parish]] on the western edge of [[Swindon]] in the county of [[Wiltshire]], in the south west of England. It has in the past been spelt as '''Liddiard Tregooze''' and in many other ways.
'''Lydiard Tregoze''' is a small village and [[Civil parishes in England|civil parish]] on the [[West Swindon|western edge]] of [[Swindon]] in the county of [[Wiltshire]], in the south-west of England. Its name has in the past been spelt as '''Liddiard Tregooze'''.


The parish includes the small village of [[Hook, Wiltshire|Hook]], and the hamlets of Hook Street and [[Ballard's Ash]].
The parish includes the small village of [[Hook, Wiltshire|Hook]], and the hamlets of Hook Street and [[Ballard's Ash]].
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==History==
==History==
[[File:Lydiard.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Lydiard House]]
[[File:Lydiard.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Lydiard House]]
Lydiard Tregoze is mentioned in the [[Doomsday Book]] as a manor belonging to Alfred of [[Marlborough, Wiltshire|Marlborough]], Baron of [[Ewyas]] and a Tenant-in-Chief to [[King William I of England]]. Near [[Royal Wootton Bassett]], the parish of Lydiard Tregoze was part of the Kingsbridge Hundred, while its village originally centred on the medieval [[parish church]] of St Mary and the nearby [[manor house]], [[Lydiard House]], which came to be the home of the St John family, [[Viscount Bolingbroke|Viscounts Bolingbroke]]. However, the original village of Lydiard Tregoze disappeared, giving way to the grounds of an important [[country house]], although St Mary's church survives and contains important [[Church monument|monuments]].<ref name=vch>{{cite web|website=British History Online|title=Victoria County History: Wiltshire: Vol 9 pp75-90 – Parishes: Lydiard Tregoze|editor-first=Elizabeth|editor-last=Crittall| author-first1=R.W.|author-last1=Dunning| author-first2=K.H.|author-last2=Rogers| author-first3=P.A.|author-last3=Spalding| author-first4=Colin|author-last4=Shrimpton| author-first5=Janet H.|author-last5=Stevenson| author-first6=Margaret|author-last6=Tomlinson|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/wilts/vol9/pp75-90|publisher=University of London|year=1970|access-date=20 May 2018}}</ref>
Lydiard Tregoze is mentioned in [[Domesday Book]] as a manor belonging to Alfred of [[Marlborough, Wiltshire|Marlborough]], Baron of [[Ewyas]], a powerful Saxon nobleman who retains his lands after [[Norman Conquest|the Conquest]], and a Tenant-in-Chief to [[King William I of England]]. Near [[Royal Wootton Bassett]], the parish of Lydiard Tregoze was part of the Kingsbridge Hundred, while its village originally centred on the medieval [[parish church]] of St Mary and the nearby [[manor house]], [[Lydiard House]], which came to be the home of the St John family, [[Viscount Bolingbroke|Viscounts Bolingbroke]]. However, the original village of Lydiard Tregoze disappeared, giving way to the grounds of an important [[country house]], although St Mary's church survives and contains important [[Church monument|monuments]].<ref name=vch>{{cite web|website=British History Online|title=Victoria County History: Wiltshire: Vol 9 pp75-90 – Parishes: Lydiard Tregoze|editor-first=Elizabeth|editor-last=Crittall| author-first1=R.W.|author-last1=Dunning| author-first2=K.H.|author-last2=Rogers| author-first3=P.A.|author-last3=Spalding| author-first4=Colin|author-last4=Shrimpton| author-first5=Janet H.|author-last5=Stevenson| author-first6=Margaret|author-last6=Tomlinson|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/wilts/vol9/pp75-90|publisher=University of London|year=1970|access-date=20 May 2018}}</ref>


[[Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby|Margaret Beaufort]], mother of [[King Henry VII of England|Henry VII]], was the stepdaughter of Oliver St John of Lydiard Tregoze. His marriage to her mother, [[Margaret Beauchamp of Bletso]], produced six children to whom she remained close throughout her life, and this gave the St Johns considerable influence at Court in the early decades of the [[Tudor dynasty]].
[[Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby|Margaret Beaufort]], mother of [[King Henry VII of England|Henry VII]], was the stepdaughter of Oliver St John of Lydiard Tregoze. His marriage to her mother, [[Margaret Beauchamp of Bletso]], produced six children to whom she remained close throughout her life, and this gave the St Johns considerable influence at Court in the early decades of the [[Tudor dynasty]].


In 1615, Lucy St John, daughter of Sir John St John of Lydiard Tregoze, married [[Allen Apsley (administrator)|Sir Allen Apsley]], one of the founders of the [[New England Company]].<ref name="Yale">[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/mass01.asp New England Charter] at yale.edu</ref> [[Anne Wilmot, Countess of Rochester|Anne St John]] of Lydiard, the daughter of [[Sir John St John, 1st Baronet]], was married on 2 October 1632 to Sir Francis Henry Lee, 2nd Baronet of Ditchley, son of Sir Henry Lee, 1st Baronet and Eleanor Wharton. Anne was married a second time in 1644 to [[Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester]], a leading Royalist during the [[English Civil War]], son of [[Charles Wilmot, 1st Viscount Wilmot]] and Sarah Anderson. Anne St John was the mother of [[John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester]] and grandmother of [[Edward Lee, 1st Earl of Lichfield]].
In 1615, Lucy St John, daughter of Sir John St John of Lydiard Tregoze, married [[Allen Apsley (administrator)|Sir Allen Apsley]], one of the founders of the [[New England Company]].<ref name="Yale">[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/mass01.asp New England Charter] at yale.edu</ref> [[Anne Wilmot, Countess of Rochester|Anne St John]] of Lydiard, the daughter of [[Sir John St John, 1st Baronet]], was married on 2 October 1632 to Sir Francis Henry Lee, 2nd Baronet of Ditchley, son of Sir Henry Lee, 1st Baronet and Eleanor Wharton. Anne was married a second time in 1644 to [[Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester]], a leading Royalist during the [[English Civil War]], son of [[Charles Wilmot, 1st Viscount Wilmot]] and Sarah Anderson. Anne St John was the mother of [[John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester]] and grandmother of [[Edward Lee, 1st Earl of Lichfield]].


In 1801, the population of the parish was 578, in 1901 it was 618, and in 1971 549.<ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit_page.jsp?u_id=10407497 Lydiard Tregoze] at visionofbritain.org.uk</ref>
In 1801, the population of the parish was 578, in 1901 it was 618, and in 1971 549.<ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit_page.jsp?u_id=10407497 Lydiard Tregoze] at visionofbritain.org.uk</ref>
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John Bartholomew's ''Gazetteer of the British Isles'' (1887) describes Lydiard Tregoze as: "Liddiard Tregooze, par. and vil., Wilts, 1 mile SE. of Liddiard Millicent, 5142 [[acre|ac.]], pop. 660."<ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/place_page.jsp?p_id=11919 Liddiard Millicent] extract at visionofbritain.org.uk</ref>
John Bartholomew's ''Gazetteer of the British Isles'' (1887) describes Lydiard Tregoze as: "Liddiard Tregooze, par. and vil., Wilts, 1 mile SE. of Liddiard Millicent, 5142 [[acre|ac.]], pop. 660."<ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/place_page.jsp?p_id=11919 Liddiard Millicent] extract at visionofbritain.org.uk</ref>


Lydiard Tregoze has been suggested as a location for the 9th century [[Battle of Ellandun]].
Lydiard Tregoze has been suggested as a location for the 9th century [[Battle of Ellandun]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}


There was a one-room school, supported by Lord Bolingbroke, from the early 1800s. A new school was opened in 1866 near Hook Street, aided by [[National school (England and Wales)|National Society]] funding; this had two classrooms and a master's house. An average of 90 pupils attended in 1899, but numbers fell and there were only 30 in 1930. The school closed in 1965 and its 23 pupils transferred to [[Lydiard Millicent]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://history.wiltshire.gov.uk/community/getschool.php?id=1513|title=Lydiard Park CofE VC Junior and Infants School|website=Wiltshire Community History|publisher=Wiltshire Council|access-date=27 May 2018}}</ref> The building was later extended and is now a small hotel and restaurant.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.schoolhotel.net|title=The Schoolhouse Hotel|access-date=27 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1199847|desc=School House Restaurant|access-date=27 May 2018|fewer-links=yes}}</ref>
There was a one-room school, supported by Lord Bolingbroke, from the early 1800s. A new school was opened in 1866 near Hook Street, aided by [[National school (England and Wales)|National Society]] funding; this had two classrooms and a master's house. An average of 90 pupils attended in 1899, but numbers fell and there were only 30 in 1930. The school closed in 1965 and its 23 pupils transferred to [[Lydiard Millicent]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apps.wiltshire.gov.uk/communityhistory/School/Details/1513|title=Lydiard Park CofE VC Junior and Infants School|website=Wiltshire Community History|publisher=Wiltshire Council|access-date=27 May 2018}}</ref> The building was later extended and is now a small hotel and restaurant.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.schoolhotel.net|title=The Schoolhouse Hotel|access-date=27 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1199847|desc=School House Restaurant|access-date=27 May 2018|fewer-links=yes}}</ref>

Originally, the parish boundary in the north-east followed the Cheltenham railway.<ref name="vch2">{{cite web |year=2011 |editor-last=Bainbridge |editor-first=Virginia |title=Victoria County History: Wiltshire: Vol 18 pp186-209 - Historic Parishes - Lydiard Millicent |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/wilts/vol18/186-209 |access-date=8 April 2018 |website=British History Online |publisher=University of London}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1959 |title=Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 map, SU18 |url=https://maps.nls.uk/view/95749854 |access-date=26 February 2024 |website=National Library of Scotland}}</ref> In 1981 an eastern portion of the parish – including Toot Hill and the hamlet of Mannington – was transferred to Thamesdown borough (later the [[Borough of Swindon]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=The North Wiltshire and Thamesdown (Areas) Order 1980 |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1980/1558/contents/made |access-date=9 April 2018 |website=www.legislation.gov.uk |language=en}}</ref> Most of this area has been developed for housing as the Swindon suburbs of Windmill Hill, Freshbrook, Toothill and Mannington, and it forms part of [[West Swindon]] parish, created in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=February 2017 |title=Community governance review – next steps |url=http://www.swindon.gov.uk/info/20021/councillors_democracy_and_elections/687/community_governance_review_-_next_steps |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222174253/http://www.swindon.gov.uk/info/20021/councillors_democracy_and_elections/687/community_governance_review_-_next_steps |archive-date=22 February 2017 |website=Swindon Borough Council |via=Internet Archive}}</ref>


=== Midgehall ===
=== Midgehall ===
The manor and tithing of Midgehall was south of Hook. It was granted to [[Stanley Abbey]] in the 1150s, and in 1534 leased by William Pleydell.<ref name="vch" /> Later members of the Pleydell family sat in Parliament for [[Wootton Bassett (UK Parliament constituency)|Wootton Bassett]]: William's son, [[William Pleydell]] (fl.1640); another son, [[John Pleydell]] (c.1601-1693); and [[Edmund Pleydell]] (c.1652-1726). The Pleydells left Midgehall after Edmund's death.<ref name="vch" /> The 18th-century farmhouse survives; the manor house was to its north, and the moat around the former manor house was filled in during construction of the M4 motorway.<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1283141|desc=Midge Hall|access-date=27 May 2018|fewer-links=yes}}</ref>
The manor and tithing of Midgehall was south of Hook. It was granted to [[Stanley Abbey]] in the 1150s, and in 1534 leased by William Pleydell.<ref name="vch" /> Later members of the Pleydell family sat in Parliament for [[Wootton Bassett (UK Parliament constituency)|Wootton Bassett]]: William's son, [[William Pleydell]] (fl.1640); another son, [[John Pleydell]] (c.1601–1693); and [[Edmund Pleydell]] (c.1652–1726). The Pleydells left Midgehall after Edmund's death.<ref name="vch" /> The 18th-century farmhouse survives; the manor house was to its north, and the moat around the former manor house was filled in during the construction of the M4 motorway.<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1283141|desc=Midge Hall|access-date=27 May 2018|fewer-links=yes}}</ref>


== Parish church ==
== Parish church ==
<!-- Church of St Mary, Lydiard Tregoze redirects here -->
<!-- Church of St Mary, Lydiard Tregoze redirects here -->
[[File:St Marys church, Lydiard Tregoze - monument to Sir John St John (geograph 3122154).jpg|thumb|Monument to Sir John St John]]
[[File:St Marys church, Lydiard Tregoze - monument to Sir John St John (geograph 3122154).jpg|thumb|Monument to Sir John St John in the church]]
A church at Lydiard Tregoze was mentioned in 1100.<ref name="vch" /> The present building, in limestone rubble with some [[ashlar]], has a nave and north aisle from the 13th century, while the chancel, south aisle with porch, and tower are of the 15th. A painted [[triptych]] was begun in 1615, its outer panels showing the St John family tree.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://history.wiltshire.gov.uk/community/getchurch.php?id=1576|title=Church of St. Mary, Lydiard Tregoze|website=Wiltshire Community History|publisher=Wiltshire Council|access-date=27 May 2018}}</ref> The south chancel chapel was rebuilt for the St John family in 1633. The plastered nave walls carry paintings, some from the 13th century. Windows have reset medieval glass, and the west window of 1859 is by [[Alexander Gibbs]]. A canopied monument to Sir John St John and his wives, c.&nbsp;1635, is within railings.<ref name=chlisting>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1023470|desc=Church of St. Mary, Lydiard Park|access-date=20 May 2018}}</ref>
A church at Lydiard Tregoze was mentioned in 1100.<ref name="vch" /> The present St Mary's [[parish church]] – sometimes called St Mary's in the Park<ref>{{Cite web |title=St Mary's in the Park |url=https://www.achurchnearyou.com/church/11852/more-information/ |access-date=29 February 2024 |website=A Church Near You |publisher=The Archbishops' Council}}</ref> – stands next to Lydiard House and is built in limestone rubble with some [[ashlar]]. The nave and north aisle are from the 13th century, while the chancel, south aisle with porch, and tower are of the 15th. A painted [[triptych]] was begun in 1615, its outer panels showing the St John family tree;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apps.wiltshire.gov.uk/communityhistory/Church/Details/1576|title=Church of St. Mary, Lydiard Tregoze|website=Wiltshire Community History|publisher=Wiltshire Council|access-date=27 May 2018}}</ref> the south chancel chapel was rebuilt for the family in 1633. The plastered nave walls carry paintings, some from the 13th century. Windows have reset medieval glass, and the west window of 1859 is by [[Alexander Gibbs]]. A canopied monument to Sir John St John and his wives, c.&nbsp;1635, is within railings.<ref name=chlisting>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1023470|desc=Church of St. Mary, Lydiard Park|access-date=20 May 2018}}</ref>

The tower has six bells, three of them cast by Roger I Purdue in 1635.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lydiard Tregoze|url=http://dove.cccbr.org.uk/detail.php?DoveID=LYDIARD+TR|website=Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref> The building was designated as [[Listed building#Categories of listed building|Grade I listed]] in 1955.<ref name=vch />


Pevsner wrote "Not a big church, but cram-full of enjoyable furnishings, richer than any other of similar size in the country".<ref>{{cite book|title=Wiltshire|last1=Pevsner|first1=Nikolaus|last2=Cherry|first2=Bridget (revision)|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]|year=1975|isbn=0-14-0710-26-4|edition=2nd|series=[[The Buildings of England]]|place=Harmondsworth|pages=316–318|author-link1=Nikolaus Pevsner|orig-year=1963}}</ref>
The tower has six bells, three of them cast by Roger I Purdue in 1635.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lydiard Tregoze|url=http://dove.cccbr.org.uk/detail.php?DoveID=LYDIARD+TR|website=Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref> The building was designated as [[Listed building#Categories of listed building|Grade I listed]] in 1955.<ref name="chlisting" /> [[Nikolaus Pevsner]] wrote "Not a big church, but cram-full of enjoyable furnishings, richer than any other of similar size in the country".<ref>{{cite book|title=Wiltshire|last1=Pevsner|first1=Nikolaus|last2=Cherry|first2=Bridget (revision)|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]|year=1975|isbn=0-14-0710-26-4|edition=2nd|series=[[The Buildings of England]]|place=Harmondsworth|pages=316–318|author-link1=Nikolaus Pevsner|orig-year=1963}}</ref>


The benefice was united with [[Lydiard Millicent]] in 1956; the incumbent lived at Lydiard Millicent.<ref>{{London Gazette
The benefice was united with [[Lydiard Millicent]] in 1956; the incumbent lived at Lydiard Millicent.<ref>{{London Gazette
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Lydiard Park was the home of the St John family from 1420 until 1940. In 1943, the local authority, the Corporation of Swindon, bought the then dilapidated house and its overgrown [[Lydiard Park|park]] from the estate trustees.
Lydiard Park was the home of the St John family from 1420 until 1940. In 1943, the local authority, the Corporation of Swindon, bought the then dilapidated house and its overgrown [[Lydiard Park|park]] from the estate trustees.


The estate now belongs to [[Swindon Borough Council]], the successor of the Corporation. The parkland is operated as a country park and entertainment venue; the house is open to the public in the summer and now has a significant art collection, including fine painted panels by [[Lady Diana Beauclerk]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lydiardpark.org.uk|title=Lydiard House & Park|publisher=Swindon Borough Council|language=en-us|access-date=14 May 2018}}</ref>
The estate now belongs to [[Swindon Borough Council]], the successor of the Corporation. The parkland is operated as a country park and entertainment venue; the house is open to the public in the summer and now has a significant art collection, including fine-painted panels by [[Lady Diana Beauclerk]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lydiardpark.org.uk|title=Lydiard House & Park|publisher=Swindon Borough Council|language=en-us|access-date=14 May 2018}}</ref>


==Notable people==
==Notable people==
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==Transport==
==Transport==
The [[Wilts & Berks Canal]] (1810–1914) crossed the parish. The [[Great Western Main Line]] railway follows a similar route; there are no local stations, the nearest being [[Swindon railway station|Swindon]]. Between 1840 and 1841, as the railway was being built in stages from London, a temporary terminus known as [[Wootton Bassett Road railway station|Wootton Bassett Road]] was at Hay Lane.<ref>{{cite PastScape |mnumber=1334090 |mname=Wootton Bassett Road Station |accessdate=3 March 2015}}</ref>
The [[Wilts & Berks Canal]] (1810–1914) crossed the parish. The [[Great Western Main Line]] railway follows a similar route; there are no local stations, the nearest being [[Swindon railway station|Swindon]]. Between 1840 and 1841, as the railway was being built in stages from London, a temporary terminus known as [[Wootton Bassett Road railway station|Wootton Bassett Road]] was at Hay Lane.<ref>{{cite PastScape |mnumber=1334090 |mname=Wootton Bassett Road Station |access-date=3 March 2015}}</ref>


The [[M4 motorway]] also crosses the parish, and its junction 16 provides routes to West Swindon, Royal Wootton Bassett and [[Wroughton]].
The [[M4 motorway]] also crosses the parish, and its junction 16 provides routes to West Swindon, Royal Wootton Bassett and [[Wroughton]].


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Lydiard Tregoze}}
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.google.com/maphp?hl=en&tab=wl&q=Lydiard%20Tregoze Lydiard Tregoze] at Google Maps
* [https://lydiardtregoze-pc.org.uk/ Lydiard Tregoze Parish Council]
* [http://www.oodwooc.co.uk/ph_lt.htm St Mary, Lydiard Tregoze, Wiltshire] at oodwooc.co.uk, with photographs
* [http://www.oodwooc.co.uk/ph_lt.htm St Mary, Lydiard Tregoze, Wiltshire] at oodwooc.co.uk, with photographs
* [http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/STJOHN.htm St John family] at tudorplace.com.ar
* [http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/STJOHN.htm St John family] at tudorplace.com.ar

Latest revision as of 14:26, 30 August 2024

Lydiard Tregoze
St Mary's, Lydiard Tregoze
Lydiard Tregoze is located in Wiltshire
Lydiard Tregoze
Lydiard Tregoze
Location within Wiltshire
Population495 (in 2011)[1]
OS grid referenceSU105847
Civil parish
  • Lydiard Tregoze
Unitary authority
Shire county
Region
LandEngland
Sovereign stateVereinigtes Königreich
Post townSwindon
Postcode districtSN4, SN5
Dialling code01793
PoliceWiltshire
FireDorset and Wiltshire
AmbulanceSouth Western
UK Parliament
WebsiteParish Council
List of places
UK
England
Wiltshire
51°33′40″N 1°51′00″W / 51.561°N 1.850°W / 51.561; -1.850

Lydiard Tregoze is a small village and civil parish on the western edge of Swindon in the county of Wiltshire, in the south-west of England. Its name has in the past been spelt as Liddiard Tregooze.

The parish includes the small village of Hook, and the hamlets of Hook Street and Ballard's Ash.

History

[edit]
Lydiard House

Lydiard Tregoze is mentioned in Domesday Book as a manor belonging to Alfred of Marlborough, Baron of Ewyas, a powerful Saxon nobleman who retains his lands after the Conquest, and a Tenant-in-Chief to King William I of England. Near Royal Wootton Bassett, the parish of Lydiard Tregoze was part of the Kingsbridge Hundred, while its village originally centred on the medieval parish church of St Mary and the nearby manor house, Lydiard House, which came to be the home of the St John family, Viscounts Bolingbroke. However, the original village of Lydiard Tregoze disappeared, giving way to the grounds of an important country house, although St Mary's church survives and contains important monuments.[2]

Margaret Beaufort, mother of Henry VII, was the stepdaughter of Oliver St John of Lydiard Tregoze. His marriage to her mother, Margaret Beauchamp of Bletso, produced six children to whom she remained close throughout her life, and this gave the St Johns considerable influence at Court in the early decades of the Tudor dynasty.

In 1615, Lucy St John, daughter of Sir John St John of Lydiard Tregoze, married Sir Allen Apsley, one of the founders of the New England Company.[3] Anne St John of Lydiard, the daughter of Sir John St John, 1st Baronet, was married on 2 October 1632 to Sir Francis Henry Lee, 2nd Baronet of Ditchley, son of Sir Henry Lee, 1st Baronet and Eleanor Wharton. Anne was married a second time in 1644 to Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester, a leading Royalist during the English Civil War, son of Charles Wilmot, 1st Viscount Wilmot and Sarah Anderson. Anne St John was the mother of John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester and grandmother of Edward Lee, 1st Earl of Lichfield.

In 1801, the population of the parish was 578, in 1901 it was 618, and in 1971 549.[4]

John Bartholomew's Gazetteer of the British Isles (1887) describes Lydiard Tregoze as: "Liddiard Tregooze, par. and vil., Wilts, 1 mile SE. of Liddiard Millicent, 5142 ac., pop. 660."[5]

Lydiard Tregoze has been suggested as a location for the 9th century Battle of Ellandun.[citation needed]

There was a one-room school, supported by Lord Bolingbroke, from the early 1800s. A new school was opened in 1866 near Hook Street, aided by National Society funding; this had two classrooms and a master's house. An average of 90 pupils attended in 1899, but numbers fell and there were only 30 in 1930. The school closed in 1965 and its 23 pupils transferred to Lydiard Millicent.[6] The building was later extended and is now a small hotel and restaurant.[7][8]

Originally, the parish boundary in the north-east followed the Cheltenham railway.[9][10] In 1981 an eastern portion of the parish – including Toot Hill and the hamlet of Mannington – was transferred to Thamesdown borough (later the Borough of Swindon).[11] Most of this area has been developed for housing as the Swindon suburbs of Windmill Hill, Freshbrook, Toothill and Mannington, and it forms part of West Swindon parish, created in 2017.[12]

Midgehall

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The manor and tithing of Midgehall was south of Hook. It was granted to Stanley Abbey in the 1150s, and in 1534 leased by William Pleydell.[2] Later members of the Pleydell family sat in Parliament for Wootton Bassett: William's son, William Pleydell (fl.1640); another son, John Pleydell (c.1601–1693); and Edmund Pleydell (c.1652–1726). The Pleydells left Midgehall after Edmund's death.[2] The 18th-century farmhouse survives; the manor house was to its north, and the moat around the former manor house was filled in during the construction of the M4 motorway.[13]

Parish church

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Monument to Sir John St John in the church

A church at Lydiard Tregoze was mentioned in 1100.[2] The present St Mary's parish church – sometimes called St Mary's in the Park[14] – stands next to Lydiard House and is built in limestone rubble with some ashlar. The nave and north aisle are from the 13th century, while the chancel, south aisle with porch, and tower are of the 15th. A painted triptych was begun in 1615, its outer panels showing the St John family tree;[15] the south chancel chapel was rebuilt for the family in 1633. The plastered nave walls carry paintings, some from the 13th century. Windows have reset medieval glass, and the west window of 1859 is by Alexander Gibbs. A canopied monument to Sir John St John and his wives, c. 1635, is within railings.[16]

The tower has six bells, three of them cast by Roger I Purdue in 1635.[17] The building was designated as Grade I listed in 1955.[16] Nikolaus Pevsner wrote "Not a big church, but cram-full of enjoyable furnishings, richer than any other of similar size in the country".[18]

The benefice was united with Lydiard Millicent in 1956; the incumbent lived at Lydiard Millicent.[19] The two parishes were united in 1981[20] and following the 1989 building of a church in the Swindon suburb of Shaw, the parish was renamed West Swindon and the Lydiards in 1996.[21] A reorganisation effective in 2018[22] saw the separation of Lydiard Millicent parish, and today the church is part of the West Swindon and Lydiard Tregoze Church Partnership.[23] Parish registers survive from 1666 and are kept in the Wiltshire and Swindon Archives.[24]

The medieval wall paintings were included in the Church of England's "100 Church Treasures" campaign, an appeal launched in 2013 which addresses the 100 artworks most in need of conservation.[25] Beginning in 2016, the Lydiard Park Heritage Trust was awarded grants from the Heritage Lottery Fund towards a £1m project to restore and improve the interior of the church.[26][27]

Lydiard Park and Lydiard House

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Main article: Lydiard Park

Lydiard Park was the home of the St John family from 1420 until 1940. In 1943, the local authority, the Corporation of Swindon, bought the then dilapidated house and its overgrown park from the estate trustees.

The estate now belongs to Swindon Borough Council, the successor of the Corporation. The parkland is operated as a country park and entertainment venue; the house is open to the public in the summer and now has a significant art collection, including fine-painted panels by Lady Diana Beauclerk.[28]

Notable people

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See Viscount Bolingbroke for notable members of the St John family.

Giles Mompesson (1583/1584 – 1663), a politician who was sentenced for corruption, erected a monument in the church following the death of his wife Katherine in 1633.[2]

Transport

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The Wilts & Berks Canal (1810–1914) crossed the parish. The Great Western Main Line railway follows a similar route; there are no local stations, the nearest being Swindon. Between 1840 and 1841, as the railway was being built in stages from London, a temporary terminus known as Wootton Bassett Road was at Hay Lane.[29]

The M4 motorway also crosses the parish, and its junction 16 provides routes to West Swindon, Royal Wootton Bassett and Wroughton.

References

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  1. ^ "Wiltshire Community History – Census". Wiltshire Council. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d e Dunning, R.W.; Rogers, K.H.; Spalding, P.A.; Shrimpton, Colin; Stevenson, Janet H.; Tomlinson, Margaret (1970). Crittall, Elizabeth (ed.). "Victoria County History: Wiltshire: Vol 9 pp75-90 – Parishes: Lydiard Tregoze". British History Online. University of London. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
  3. ^ New England Charter at yale.edu
  4. ^ Lydiard Tregoze at visionofbritain.org.uk
  5. ^ Liddiard Millicent extract at visionofbritain.org.uk
  6. ^ "Lydiard Park CofE VC Junior and Infants School". Wiltshire Community History. Wiltshire Council. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
  7. ^ "The Schoolhouse Hotel". Retrieved 27 May 2018.
  8. ^ Historic England. "School House Restaurant (1199847)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
  9. ^ Bainbridge, Virginia, ed. (2011). "Victoria County History: Wiltshire: Vol 18 pp186-209 - Historic Parishes - Lydiard Millicent". British History Online. University of London. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  10. ^ "Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 map, SU18". National Library of Scotland. 1959. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  11. ^ "The North Wiltshire and Thamesdown (Areas) Order 1980". www.legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
  12. ^ "Community governance review – next steps". Swindon Borough Council. February 2017. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017 – via Internet Archive.
  13. ^ Historic England. "Midge Hall (1283141)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
  14. ^ "St Mary's in the Park". A Church Near You. The Archbishops' Council. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  15. ^ "Church of St. Mary, Lydiard Tregoze". Wiltshire Community History. Wiltshire Council. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
  16. ^ a b Historic England. "Church of St. Mary, Lydiard Park (1023470)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
  17. ^ "Lydiard Tregoze". Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
  18. ^ Pevsner, Nikolaus; Cherry, Bridget (revision) (1975) [1963]. Wiltshire. The Buildings of England (2nd ed.). Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. pp. 316–318. ISBN 0-14-0710-26-4.
  19. ^ "No. 40824". The London Gazette. 6 July 1956. p. 3946.
  20. ^ "No. 48746". The London Gazette. 25 September 1981. p. 12173.
  21. ^ Bainbridge, Virginia, ed. (2011). "Victoria County History: Wiltshire: Vol 18 pp186-209 – Historic Parishes – Lydiard Millicent". British History Online. University of London. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  22. ^ "St Mary's Church, Lydiard Tregoze – Annual Report and Financial Statements of the Church Ministry Leadership Team for the year ending 31 December 2017" (PDF). West Swindon and Lydiard Tregoz. April 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
  23. ^ "West Swindon and Lydiard Tregoz". Retrieved 20 May 2018.
  24. ^ Lydiard Tregoze, Wiltshire, England at genuki.org.uk
  25. ^ "100 Church Treasures". ChurchCare. Church of England. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
  26. ^ Tompkins, Michelle (16 December 2016). "Delight as tiny church is given vital lottery funding". Swindon Advertiser. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
  27. ^ "St Marys Church Lydiard Tregoze Conservation Project wins Heritage Lottery Fund support for its £1 million pound conservation project". Lydiard Park Heritage Trust. January 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
  28. ^ "Lydiard House & Park". Swindon Borough Council. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  29. ^ Historic England. "Wootton Bassett Road Station (1334090)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 3 March 2015.
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