Glitch, Inc.: Difference between revisions

Glitch, Inc.
Formerly	Fog Creek Software, Inc.
Company type	Subsidiary
Industrie	Software
Gegründet	2000
Founders	Joel Spolsky; Michael Pryor;
Defunct	2022
Fate	Acquired by Fastly
Hauptsitz	New York
Key people	Joel Spolsky (Board Member, Co-Founder); Anil Dash (CEO); Jordan Harris (COO); Alexa Scordato, (VPM);
Produkte	Glitch, Stack Overflow, Stack Exchange, Trello, FogBugz
Number of employees	14 (2022)
Website	glitch.com

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Glitch, Inc. (previously known as Fog Creek Software) is a software company specializing in project management tools. Its products included project management and content management, and code review tools. Fastly acquired the company in 2022.^[3]

History

The company's original name was Fog Creek. Based in New York City, Fog Creek was founded in 2000 as a consulting company by Joel Spolsky and Michael Pryor. As the consulting market started to dry up due to the collapse of the Dot-com bubble, Fog Creek moved to a product-based business.^[4] In December 2016 Anil Dash was appointed CEO.^[5] Fog Creek's offices are located in the Financial District of Manhattan.^[6]^[7] On September 25, 2018, the company was officially renamed Glitch after its flagship product.^[8] Glitch staff announced intentions to unionize with the Communications Workers of America in early 2020 as part of the Campaign to Organize Digital Employees. The company voluntarily recognized their union.^[9] Around the same time, the company laid off a third of its staff during the COVID-19 pandemic.^[10] In February 2021, Glitch workers signed a collective bargaining agreement with the company. According to the Communications Workers of America (CWA), this is the first agreement signed by white collar tech workers in the United States.^[11]

Cloud services Fastly, known for its content delivery network, acquired Glitch, as announced in May 2022. CEO Anil Dash became Fastly's VP of developer experience. Glitch's staff had declined since 2020 from 50 to 14 employees, all of whom joined Fastly. The union dissolved prior to the acquisition when its collective bargaining agreement expired and the union's three remaining members decided not to pursue another agreement.^[2]

Produkte

FogBugz

FogBugz is an integrated web-based project management system featuring bug and issue tracking, discussion forums, wikis, customer relationship management, and evidence-based scheduling developed by Fog Creek Software. It was briefly rebranded as Manuscript in 2017, which was acquired in 2018 and was renamed back to FogBugz.^[12]^[13]

CityDesk

CityDesk was a website management software package. The backend of the system ran as a desktop application written on Windows in Visual Basic 6.0 with all data stored in a Microsoft Jet database.^[14] It was one of FogBugz's first products, first announced in 2001.^[15]

Copilot

Fog Creek Copilot was a remote assistance service offered by Fog Creek Software. It launched on August 8, 2005.^[16]

Originally known as Project Aardvark, Fog Creek Copilot was developed by a group of summer interns at Fog Creek Software. Fog Creek's founder, Joel Spolsky, wanted to give his interns the experience of taking a project through its entire lifecycle from inception, to mature released product.^[17] The interns set up a blog, called Project Aardvark, where they posted updates on the progress of their project, even though at that time the details were still secret.

On July 1, 2005, the Project Aardvark team revealed that they were working on a remote assistance system for consumer use.^[18]

Fog Creek Copilot uses a heavily modified version of TightVNC, a variant of Virtual Network Computing (VNC), as its core protocol.^[19]

On November 7, 2005, a documentary on the interns' summer, titled Aardvark'd: 12 Weeks with Geeks, was released. It was produced by Lerone D. Wilson of Boondoggle Films.^[20]

In 2014 Fog Creek restructured, spinning Copilot out as a separate company.^[21]

In 2022, Copilot announced it was closing and that the domain name had been sold.^[22]

Stack Overflow

In 2008, Jeff Atwood and Joel Spolsky created Stack Overflow, a question-and-answer Web site for computer programming questions, which they described as an alternative to the programmer forum Experts-Exchange.

Stack Overflow serves as a platform for users to ask and answer questions, and, through membership and active participation, to vote questions and answers up or down and edit questions and answers in a fashion similar to a wiki or Digg.^[23] Users of Stack Overflow can earn reputation points and "badges" when another user votes up a question or answer they provided.^[24]

As of September 2020^[update], Stack Overflow has over 12,000,000 registered users and more than 20,100,000 questions.^[25]^[26] Based on the type of tags assigned to questions, the top ten most discussed topics on the site are: JavaScript, Java, Python, C#, PHP, Android, HTML, jQuery, C++, and CSS.^[27]

Following the success of Stack Overflow they started additional sites in 2009 based on the Stack Overflow model: Server Fault for questions related to system administration and Super User for questions from computer "power users".^[28]

In June 2021, Prosus acquired Stack Overflow for $1.8 billion.^[29]

Stack Exchange

In September 2009, Fog Creek Software released a beta version of the Stack Exchange 1.0 platform^[30] as a way for third parties to create their own communities based on the software behind Stack Overflow, with monthly fees.^[31] This white label service was not successful, with few customers and slowly growing communities.^[32]

In May 2010, Stack Overflow was spun-off as its own new company, Stack Exchange Inc., and raised $6 million in venture capital from Union Square Ventures and other investors, and it switched its focus to developing new sites for answering questions on specific subjects.^[32]

Trello

In 2011, Fog Creek released Trello, a collaborative project management hosted web application that operated under a freemium business model. Trello was cross-subsidized by the company's other products. A basic service is provided free of charge, and a Business Class paid-for service was launched in 2013.^[33]

In July 2014, Fog Creek Software spun off Trello as its own company operating under the name of Trello, Inc.^[34] Trello Inc. raised $10.3 million in funding from Index Ventures and Spark Capital.^[35]

In January 2017, Atlassian announced it was acquiring Trello for $425 million.^[36]

Glitch (application)

The Glitch web application launched in the spring of 2017 as a place for people to build simple web applications using JavaScript.^[37] While JavaScript is the only supported language, other languages can be unofficially used. Pitched as a "view source" tool that lets users "recombine code in useful ways".^[37] Glitch is an online IDE for JavaScript and Node.js and includes instant hosting, automated deployment and live help from community members.^[38] IDE features include live editing, hosting, sharing, automatic source versioning,^[39] and Git integration.^[40] Glitch focuses on being a friendly, accessible community; since its launch over a million people have used the site to make web applications.^[41] The Glitch site is self-hosting (except for the editor and API),^[42] allowing users to view or remix the site's source code.

In December 2018, Mozilla announced that it will retire Thimble, Mozilla's browser-based educational code editor, and asked users to migrate all of their projects to Glitch.^[43] Thimble was shut down in December 2019 and its projects were migrated to Glitch.^[44]

In early 2020, Glitch released a paid plan, known as "boosted apps".^[45] Users can pay 8 dollars a month to have projects with more RAM, more storage, and no wake up screen.

References

^ "About Glitch - the Company". Glitch. Archived from the original on May 8, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
^ ^a ^b Kastrenakes, Jacob (May 19, 2022). "Glitch acquired by cloud service provider Fastly". The Verge. Archived from the original on January 11, 2024. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
^ "An Exciting Leap Forward for Glitch". Glitch Blog. Archived from the original on June 1, 2023. Retrieved June 1, 2023.
^ Livingston, Jessica (January 22, 2007). "Founders at Work: Stories of Startups' Early Days". Apress. Archived from the original on February 20, 2012. Retrieved February 27, 2008.
^ "A New Product Name, and a New CEO". Fog Creek Software Company Blog. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 8, 2016.
^ Spolsky, Joel (December 29, 2008). "The New Fog Creek Office". Archived from the original on November 17, 2016. Retrieved January 7, 2009.
^ Wilson, Claire (February 7, 2009). "A Software Designer Knows His Office Space, Too". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 18, 2017. Retrieved March 2, 2009.
^ Dash, Anil (September 25, 2018). "Fog Creek is now Glitch!". Medium. Archived from the original on October 12, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
^ "Online code collaboration tool Glitch votes to unionize". March 13, 2020. Archived from the original on July 19, 2021. Retrieved September 3, 2021.
^ Kastrenakes, Jacob (May 22, 2020). "Glitch lays off 'substantial number of employees' to cut costs". The Verge. Archived from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
^ Schiffer, Zoe (March 2, 2021). "Glitch workers sign tech's first collective bargaining agreement". The Verge. Archived from the original on October 9, 2021. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
^ "Virtual User Conference sheets" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 26, 2021. Retrieved September 17, 2018.
^ Ravera, Alexia (January 2, 2019). "Manuscript is now FogBugz". FogBugz. Archived from the original on June 14, 2019. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
^ Spolsky, Joel (December 9, 2016). "RIP CityDesk". Archived from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
^ Spolsky, Joel (October 12, 2001). "What Does CityDesk Do?". Archived from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
^ Spolsky, Joel (August 8, 2005). "Project Aardvark Ships". Archived from the original on March 17, 2016. Retrieved January 8, 2009.
^ Spolsky, Joel (May 10, 2005). "First Post". Archived from the original on October 26, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2009.
^ Guez, Yaron (July 1, 2005). "Full Disclosure". Archived from the original on February 20, 2012. Retrieved January 8, 2009.
^ "Fog Creek Copilot - Technical Information". Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2009.
^ Spolsky, Joel (November 7, 2005). "Aardvark'd DVD Goes on Sale". Archived from the original on March 17, 2016. Retrieved January 8, 2009.
^ "About Copilot". Copilot.com. Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
^ "Copilot.com on Twitter". Archived from the original on May 19, 2022. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
^ Atwood, Jeff (September 21, 2008). "The Gamification". Coding Horror Blog. Archived from the original on February 1, 2014. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
^ "What is reputation? How do I earn (and lose) it?". Stack Overflow. Archived from the original on June 9, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2010.
^ "Users". Stack Overflow. Archived from the original on May 24, 2014. Retrieved September 20, 2020.
^ "Questions". Stack Overflow. Archived from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved September 20, 2020.
^ "Tags". Stack Overflow. Archived from the original on February 15, 2020. Retrieved September 20, 2020.
^ Clarke, Jason (August 20, 2009). "Super User - question and answer site for power users". DownloadSquad. AOL. Archived from the original on September 5, 2013. Retrieved December 16, 2012.
^ Dummett, Ben (June 2, 2021). "WSJ News Exclusive | Stack Overflow Sold to Tech Giant Prosus for $1.8 Billion". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2021.
^ Mager, Andrew (September 27, 2009). "Find the answer to anything with StackExchange". The Web Life. ZDNet. Archived from the original on January 7, 2014. Retrieved December 16, 2012.
^ Oshiro, Dana (October 12, 2009). "StackOverflow Shares its Mojo: White Label Q&A for All". ReadWriteWeb. Archived from the original on February 22, 2012. Retrieved January 1, 2011.
^ ^a ^b Kirkpatrick, Marshall (May 4, 2010). "All-Star Team Backs StackOverflow to Go Beyond Programming Questions". ReadWriteWeb. Archived from the original on December 5, 2020. Retrieved December 16, 2012.
^ "Trello How much does it cost?". Archived from the original on April 3, 2014. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
^ Pryor, Michael. "A Special Announcement: Trello is now part of Trello, Inc". Trello Blog. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved September 29, 2014.
^ "Digital Whiteboard Trello Spins Out of Fog Creek With $10.3M". The Wall Street Journal. July 24, 2014. Archived from the original on November 16, 2019.
^ Lardinois, Frederic (January 9, 2017). "Atlassian acquires Trello for $425M". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on January 29, 2017. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
^ ^a ^b Thompson, Clive (July 11, 2017). "It's Time to Make Code More Tinker-Friendly". WIRED. Archived from the original on March 19, 2022. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
^ "How Glitch works". How it works. Glitch, Inc. Archived from the original on October 26, 2021. Retrieved May 16, 2019.
^ "Glitch". ThoughtWorks Technology Radar - Platforms. ThoughtWorks, Inc. Archived from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved May 16, 2019.
^ "Can I import code in a Git repository from GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket or elsewhere?". Glitch Help Center. Glitch, Inc. Archived from the original on October 26, 2021. Retrieved May 16, 2019.
^ Dash, Anil (March 23, 2018). "What is Glitch?". Medium. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
^ "View Source". Glitch. Archived from the original on October 13, 2021. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
^ Mozilla (December 18, 2018). "A Note About Thimble". Medium. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
^ Glitch (November 13, 2019). "Welcoming Thimble to Glitch". Medium. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
^ "Pricing". glitch.com. Archived from the original on October 9, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2020.

External links

Official website

[About-1] "About Glitch - the Company". Glitch. Archived from the original on May 8, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.

[fastlyverge-2] Kastrenakes, Jacob (May 19, 2022). "Glitch acquired by cloud service provider Fastly". The Verge. Archived from the original on January 11, 2024. Retrieved January 17, 2024.

[3] "An Exciting Leap Forward for Glitch". Glitch Blog. Archived from the original on June 1, 2023. Retrieved June 1, 2023.

[4] Livingston, Jessica (January 22, 2007). "Founders at Work: Stories of Startups' Early Days". Apress. Archived from the original on February 20, 2012. Retrieved February 27, 2008.

[5] "A New Product Name, and a New CEO". Fog Creek Software Company Blog. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 8, 2016.

[6] Spolsky, Joel (December 29, 2008). "The New Fog Creek Office". Archived from the original on November 17, 2016. Retrieved January 7, 2009.

[7] Wilson, Claire (February 7, 2009). "A Software Designer Knows His Office Space, Too". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 18, 2017. Retrieved March 2, 2009.

[Dash_2018-8] Dash, Anil (September 25, 2018). "Fog Creek is now Glitch!". Medium. Archived from the original on October 12, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2018.

[9] "Online code collaboration tool Glitch votes to unionize". March 13, 2020. Archived from the original on July 19, 2021. Retrieved September 3, 2021.

[COVID_layoffs-10] Kastrenakes, Jacob (May 22, 2020). "Glitch lays off 'substantial number of employees' to cut costs". The Verge. Archived from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2020.

[11] Schiffer, Zoe (March 2, 2021). "Glitch workers sign tech's first collective bargaining agreement". The Verge. Archived from the original on October 9, 2021. Retrieved March 9, 2021.

[fb-12] "Virtual User Conference sheets" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 26, 2021. Retrieved September 17, 2018.

[13] Ravera, Alexia (January 2, 2019). "Manuscript is now FogBugz". FogBugz. Archived from the original on June 14, 2019. Retrieved January 14, 2019.

[14] Spolsky, Joel (December 9, 2016). "RIP CityDesk". Archived from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved August 26, 2020.

[15] Spolsky, Joel (October 12, 2001). "What Does CityDesk Do?". Archived from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved August 26, 2020.

[16] Spolsky, Joel (August 8, 2005). "Project Aardvark Ships". Archived from the original on March 17, 2016. Retrieved January 8, 2009.

[17] Spolsky, Joel (May 10, 2005). "First Post". Archived from the original on October 26, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2009.

[18] Guez, Yaron (July 1, 2005). "Full Disclosure". Archived from the original on February 20, 2012. Retrieved January 8, 2009.

[19] "Fog Creek Copilot - Technical Information". Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2009.

[20] Spolsky, Joel (November 7, 2005). "Aardvark'd DVD Goes on Sale". Archived from the original on March 17, 2016. Retrieved January 8, 2009.

[21] "About Copilot". Copilot.com. Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2019.

[22] "Copilot.com on Twitter". Archived from the original on May 19, 2022. Retrieved May 19, 2022.

[fashion-23] Atwood, Jeff (September 21, 2008). "The Gamification". Coding Horror Blog. Archived from the original on February 1, 2014. Retrieved January 24, 2011.

[soFAQ-24] "What is reputation? How do I earn (and lose) it?". Stack Overflow. Archived from the original on June 9, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2010.

[soUSERS-25] "Users". Stack Overflow. Archived from the original on May 24, 2014. Retrieved September 20, 2020.

[soQUESTIONS-26] "Questions". Stack Overflow. Archived from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved September 20, 2020.

[tags-27] "Tags". Stack Overflow. Archived from the original on February 15, 2020. Retrieved September 20, 2020.

[28] Clarke, Jason (August 20, 2009). "Super User - question and answer site for power users". DownloadSquad. AOL. Archived from the original on September 5, 2013. Retrieved December 16, 2012.

[29] Dummett, Ben (June 2, 2021). "WSJ News Exclusive | Stack Overflow Sold to Tech Giant Prosus for $1.8 Billion". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2021.

[zdnet-30] Mager, Andrew (September 27, 2009). "Find the answer to anything with StackExchange". The Web Life. ZDNet. Archived from the original on January 7, 2014. Retrieved December 16, 2012.

[stackexchange1-31] Oshiro, Dana (October 12, 2009). "StackOverflow Shares its Mojo: White Label Q&A for All". ReadWriteWeb. Archived from the original on February 22, 2012. Retrieved January 1, 2011.

[rww-2010-32] Kirkpatrick, Marshall (May 4, 2010). "All-Star Team Backs StackOverflow to Go Beyond Programming Questions". ReadWriteWeb. Archived from the original on December 5, 2020. Retrieved December 16, 2012.

[33] "Trello How much does it cost?". Archived from the original on April 3, 2014. Retrieved March 3, 2015.

[34] Pryor, Michael. "A Special Announcement: Trello is now part of Trello, Inc". Trello Blog. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved September 29, 2014.

[35] "Digital Whiteboard Trello Spins Out of Fog Creek With $10.3M". The Wall Street Journal. July 24, 2014. Archived from the original on November 16, 2019.

[36] Lardinois, Frederic (January 9, 2017). "Atlassian acquires Trello for $425M". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on January 29, 2017. Retrieved January 11, 2017.

[WIRED17-37] Thompson, Clive (July 11, 2017). "It's Time to Make Code More Tinker-Friendly". WIRED. Archived from the original on March 19, 2022. Retrieved October 3, 2018.

[howitworks-38] "How Glitch works". How it works. Glitch, Inc. Archived from the original on October 26, 2021. Retrieved May 16, 2019.

[39] "Glitch". ThoughtWorks Technology Radar - Platforms. ThoughtWorks, Inc. Archived from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved May 16, 2019.

[gitimport-40] "Can I import code in a Git repository from GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket or elsewhere?". Glitch Help Center. Glitch, Inc. Archived from the original on October 26, 2021. Retrieved May 16, 2019.

[Dash2018b-41] Dash, Anil (March 23, 2018). "What is Glitch?". Medium. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2018.

[42] "View Source". Glitch. Archived from the original on October 13, 2021. Retrieved May 17, 2019.

[43] Mozilla (December 18, 2018). "A Note About Thimble". Medium. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved November 22, 2019.

[44] Glitch (November 13, 2019). "Welcoming Thimble to Glitch". Medium. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved November 22, 2019.

[45] "Pricing". glitch.com. Archived from the original on October 9, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2020.

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@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 | former_name = Fog Creek Software, Inc.
 | logo = Glitch (company) logo.svg
-| type = [[Privately-held|Private]]
+| type = [[Subsidiary]]
-| foundation = {{start date and age|2000}}
+| founded = {{start date|2000}}
+| defunct = {{end date|2022}}
-| founders = {{Unbulleted list|[[Joel Spolsky]]|Michael Pryor}}<ref name="About">{{cite web |title=About Glitch - the Company |url=https://glitch.com/about|website=Glitch |accessdate=6 May 2020}}</ref>
+| fate = Acquired by [[Fastly]]
+| founders = {{Unbulleted list|[[Joel Spolsky]]|Michael Pryor}}<ref name="About">{{cite web |title=About Glitch - the Company |url=https://glitch.com/about |website=Glitch |accessdate=6 May 2020 |archive-date=May 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508141019/https://glitch.com/about |url-status=live }}</ref>
 | location = [[New York City|New York]]
-| key_people = {{Unbulleted list|[[Joel Spolsky|Joel Spolsky (Board Member, Co-Founder)]]|[[Anil Dash|Anil Dash (CEO)]]|Jordan Harris (COO)|Alexa Scordato, (VPM)|[[James Turnbull |James Turnbull (VPE)]]}}<ref name="About"/>
+| key_people = {{Unbulleted list|[[Joel Spolsky|Joel Spolsky (Board Member, Co-Founder)]]|[[Anil Dash|Anil Dash (CEO)]]|Jordan Harris (COO)|Alexa Scordato, (VPM)}}
 | industry = [[Software]]
 | products = Glitch, [[Stack Overflow]], [[Stack Exchange]], [[Trello]], [[FogBugz]]
+| num_employees = 14<ref name="fastlyverge">{{Cite web | url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/5/19/23126349/glitch-fastly-acquired-coding-anil-dash-fog-creek | title=Glitch acquired by cloud service provider Fastly | last=Kastrenakes | first=Jacob | date=May 19, 2022 | website=[[The Verge]] | access-date=January 17, 2024 | archive-date=January 11, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111214211/https://www.theverge.com/2022/5/19/23126349/glitch-fastly-acquired-coding-anil-dash-fog-creek | url-status=live }}</ref>
-| num_employees = ~32{{r|COVID layoffs}}
-| num_employees_year = 2020
+| num_employees_year = 2022
-| homepage = {{url|https://glitch.com}}
+| homepage = {{URL|https://glitch.com}}
 }}
-'''Glitch''' (previously known as '''Fog Creek Software''') is a software company specializing in project management tools. Its products include [[Project management software|project management]] and [[Content management system|content management]], and [[code review]] tools.
+'''Glitch, Inc.''' (previously known as '''Fog Creek Software''') is a software company specializing in project management tools. Its products included [[Project management software|project management]] and [[Content management system|content management]], and [[code review]] tools. [[Fastly]] acquired the company in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=An Exciting Leap Forward for Glitch |url=https://blog.glitch.com/post/an-exciting-leap-forward-for-glitch |access-date=2023-06-01 |website=Glitch Blog |language=en |archive-date=June 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601115045/https://blog.glitch.com/post/an-exciting-leap-forward-for-glitch |url-status=live }}</ref>
 ==History==
-Based in [[New York City]], Fog Creek was founded in 2000 as a consulting company by [[Joel Spolsky]] and  Michael Pryor.  As the consulting market started to dry up due to the collapse of the [[Dot-com bubble]], Fog Creek moved to a product-based business.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jessica|last=Livingston|date=2007-01-22|title=Founders at Work: Stories of Startups' Early Days|url=http://www.foundersatwork.com/joel-spolksy.html|publisher=[[Apress]]|access-date=2008-02-27|df=mdy-all}}</ref> In December 2016 [[Anil Dash]] was appointed CEO.<ref>{{cite web|title=A New Product Name, and a New CEO|url=https://blog.fogcreek.com/a-new-product-name-and-a-new-ceo/|website=Fog Creek Software Company Blog|access-date=2016-12-08|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Fog Creek's offices are located in the [[Financial District, Manhattan|Financial District]] of [[Manhattan]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Joel|last=Spolsky|date=2008-12-29|title=The New Fog Creek Office|url=http://www.joelonsoftware.com/items/2008/12/29.html|access-date=2009-01-07|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Claire|last=Wilson|date=2009-02-07|title=A Software Designer Knows His Office Space, Too|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/08/realestate/commercial/08sqft.html?_r=1&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink|access-date=2009-03-02|work=The New York Times|df=mdy-all}}</ref> On September 25, 2018 the company was officially renamed Glitch after their flagship product.<ref name="Dash 2018">{{cite web|last=Dash|first=Anil|title=Fog Creek is now Glitch!|website=Medium|date=2018-09-25|url=https://medium.com/make-better-software/fog-creek-is-now-glitch-8d0308aaf69e|access-date=2018-10-03|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Glitch staff announced intentions to unionize with the [[Communications Workers of America]] in early 2020 as part of the [[Campaign to Organize Digital Employees]]. The company [[voluntarily recognize]]d their union.<ref>https://techcrunch.com/2020/03/13/online-code-collaboration-tool-glitch-votes-to-unionize/</ref> Around the same time, the company [[laid off]] a third of its staff during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name="COVID layoffs">{{Cite web |last1=Kastrenakes |first1=Jacob |title=Glitch lays off 'substantial number of employees' to cut costs |work=[[The Verge]] |date=2020-05-22 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/22/21268007/glitch-layoffs-substantial-number-coding-platform-union |language=en |accessdate=2020-05-26 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> In February 2021, Glitch workers signed a [[Collective agreement|collective bargaining agreement]] with the company. According to the [[Communications Workers of America]] (CWA), this is the first agreement signed by white collar tech workers in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Schiffer|first=Zoe|date=2021-03-02|title=Glitch workers sign tech's first collective bargaining agreement|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/3/2/22307671/glitch-workers-sign-historic-collective-bargaining-agreement-cwa|access-date=2021-03-09|website=The Verge|language=en}}</ref>
+The company's original name was Fog Creek. Based in [[New York City]], Fog Creek was founded in 2000 as a consulting company by [[Joel Spolsky]] and Michael Pryor. As the consulting market started to dry up due to the collapse of the [[Dot-com bubble]], Fog Creek moved to a product-based business.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jessica|last=Livingston|date=2007-01-22|title=Founders at Work: Stories of Startups' Early Days|url=http://www.foundersatwork.com/joel-spolksy.html|publisher=[[Apress]]|access-date=2008-02-27|df=mdy-all|archive-date=February 20, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220153228/http://www.foundersatwork.com/joel-spolksy.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2016 [[Anil Dash]] was appointed CEO.<ref>{{cite web|title=A New Product Name, and a New CEO|url=https://blog.fogcreek.com/a-new-product-name-and-a-new-ceo/|website=Fog Creek Software Company Blog|access-date=2016-12-08|df=mdy-all|archive-date=December 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220091852/https://blog.fogcreek.com/a-new-product-name-and-a-new-ceo/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Fog Creek's offices are located in the [[Financial District, Manhattan|Financial District]] of [[Manhattan]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Joel|last=Spolsky|date=2008-12-29|title=The New Fog Creek Office|url=http://www.joelonsoftware.com/items/2008/12/29.html|access-date=2009-01-07|df=mdy-all|archive-date=November 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117022008/http://joelonsoftware.com/items/2008/12/29.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Claire|last=Wilson|date=2009-02-07|title=A Software Designer Knows His Office Space, Too|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/08/realestate/commercial/08sqft.html?_r=1&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink|access-date=2009-03-02|work=The New York Times|df=mdy-all|archive-date=May 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518201543/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/08/realestate/commercial/08sqft.html?_r=1&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink|url-status=live}}</ref> On September 25, 2018, the company was officially renamed Glitch after its flagship product.<ref name="Dash 2018">{{cite web|last=Dash|first=Anil|title=Fog Creek is now Glitch!|website=Medium|date=2018-09-25|url=https://medium.com/make-better-software/fog-creek-is-now-glitch-8d0308aaf69e|access-date=2018-10-03|df=mdy-all|archive-date=October 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211012100041/https://medium.com/make-better-software/fog-creek-is-now-glitch-8d0308aaf69e|url-status=live}}</ref> Glitch staff announced intentions to unionize with the [[Communications Workers of America]] in early 2020 as part of the [[Campaign to Organize Digital Employees]]. The company [[voluntary recognition|voluntarily recognized]] their union.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/03/13/online-code-collaboration-tool-glitch-votes-to-unionize/|title=Online code collaboration tool Glitch votes to unionize|date=March 13, 2020|access-date=September 3, 2021|archive-date=July 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719222218/https://techcrunch.com/2020/03/13/online-code-collaboration-tool-glitch-votes-to-unionize/|url-status=live}}</ref> Around the same time, the company [[laid off]] a third of its staff during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name="COVID layoffs">{{Cite web |last1=Kastrenakes |first1=Jacob |title=Glitch lays off 'substantial number of employees' to cut costs |work=[[The Verge]] |date=2020-05-22 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/22/21268007/glitch-layoffs-substantial-number-coding-platform-union |language=en |accessdate=2020-05-26 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=October 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029180458/https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/22/21268007/glitch-layoffs-substantial-number-coding-platform-union |url-status=live }}</ref> In February 2021, Glitch workers signed a [[collective bargaining agreement]] with the company. According to the [[Communications Workers of America]] (CWA), this is the first agreement signed by white collar tech workers in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Schiffer|first=Zoe|date=2021-03-02|title=Glitch workers sign tech's first collective bargaining agreement|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/3/2/22307671/glitch-workers-sign-historic-collective-bargaining-agreement-cwa|access-date=2021-03-09|website=The Verge|language=en|archive-date=October 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009120244/https://www.theverge.com/2021/3/2/22307671/glitch-workers-sign-historic-collective-bargaining-agreement-cwa|url-status=live}}</ref>
+Cloud services [[Fastly]], known for its [[content delivery network]], acquired Glitch, as announced in May 2022. CEO Anil Dash became Fastly's VP of developer experience. Glitch's staff had declined since 2020 from 50 to 14 employees, all of whom joined Fastly. The union dissolved prior to the acquisition when its collective bargaining agreement expired and the union's three remaining members decided not to pursue another agreement.<ref name="fastlyverge" />
 == Products ==
-===Glitch (application)===
+===FogBugz===
+{{main|FogBugz}}
-The Glitch web application launched in the spring of 2017 as a place for people to build simple web applications using JavaScript.<ref name="WIRED17">{{cite magazine|last =Thompson|first=Clive|title=It's Time to Make Code More Tinker-Friendly|magazine=WIRED|date=2017-07-11|url=https://www.wired.com/story/clive-thompson-tinker-with-code/|access-date=2018-10-03|df=mdy-all}}</ref>While JavaScript is the only supported language, other languages can be unofficially used. Pitched as a "view source" tool that lets users "recombine code in useful ways".<ref name="WIRED17" /> Glitch is an [[Online integrated development environment|online IDE]] for [[JavaScript]] and [[Node.js]] with and includes instant hosting and automated deployment and live help from community members.<ref name="howitworks">{{cite web|title=How Glitch works|url=https://glitch.com/about/features/|website=How it works|publisher=Glitch, Inc.|access-date=2019-05-16|df=mdy-all}}</ref> [[Integrated development environment|IDE]] features include live editing, hosting, sharing, automatic source versioning,<ref>{{cite web|title=Glitch|url=https://www.thoughtworks.com/radar/platforms/glitch|website=ThoughtWorks Technology Radar - Platforms|publisher=ThoughtWorks, Inc.|access-date=2019-05-16|ref=ThoughtWorks|df=mdy-all}}</ref>and [[Git]] integration.<ref name="gitimport">{{cite web|title=Can I import code in a Git repository from GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket or elsewhere?|url=https://glitch.com/help/import-git/|website=Glitch Help Center|publisher=Glitch, Inc.|access-date=2019-05-16|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Glitch focuses on being a friendly, accessible community; since its launch over a million people have used the site to make web applications.<ref name="Dash2018b">{{cite web|last=Dash|first=Anil|title=What is Glitch?|website=Medium|date=2018-03-23|url=https://medium.com/glitch/what-is-glitch-90cd75e40277|access-date=2018-10-03|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The Glitch site is [[Self-hosting (web services)|self-hosting]] (except for the editor and API),<ref>{{cite web|title=View Source|url=https://glitch.com/edit/#!/community|website=Glitch|access-date=2019-05-17|df=mdy-all}}</ref> allowing users to view or remix the site's [[source code]].
+FogBugz is an integrated [[web application|web-based]] [[project management]] system featuring [[bug tracking system|bug]] and [[issue tracking]], [[discussion forums]], [[wikis]], [[customer relationship management]], and [[evidence-based scheduling]] developed by Fog Creek Software. It was briefly rebranded as Manuscript in 2017, which was acquired in 2018 and was renamed back to FogBugz.<ref name=fb>{{cite web|title=Virtual User Conference sheets|url=http://manuscript.rallypointwebinars.com/uploads/pdf/Manuscript_FogBugz_VUC_Q318_l_PDF.pdf|access-date=2018-09-17|df=mdy-all|archive-date=October 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026052326/https://manuscript.rallypointwebinars.com/uploads/pdf/Manuscript_FogBugz_VUC_Q318_l_PDF.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fogbugz.com/blog/manuscript-is-now-fogbugz/|title=Manuscript is now FogBugz|date=2019-01-02|first=Alexia|last=Ravera|publisher=FogBugz|access-date=2019-01-14|df=mdy-all|archive-date=June 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614131312/https://www.fogbugz.com/blog/manuscript-is-now-fogbugz/|url-status=live}}</ref>
+===CityDesk===
-In December 2018, [[Mozilla]] announced that it will retire [[List of Mozilla products#Other tools|Thimble]] — (Mozilla's browser-based, educational code editor) and asked users to migrate all of their projects to Glitch.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/read-write-participate/a-note-about-thimble-b8ba0a51b8fd|title=A Note About Thimble|last=Mozilla|date=2018-12-18|website=Medium|language=en|access-date=2019-11-22}}</ref> Thimble was shut down in December 2019 and its projects were migrated to Glitch.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/glitch/welcoming-thimble-to-glitch-f2097394d6c2|title=Welcoming Thimble to Glitch|last=Glitch|date=2019-11-13|website=Medium|language=en|access-date=2019-11-22}}</ref>
+CityDesk was a website management software package. The backend of the system ran as a desktop application written on Windows in Visual Basic 6.0 with all data stored in a Microsoft Jet database.<ref>{{cite web|first=Joel|last=Spolsky|date=2016-12-09|title=RIP CityDesk|url=https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2016/12/09/rip-citydesk/|access-date=2020-08-26|df=mdy-all|archive-date=October 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029170933/https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2016/12/09/rip-citydesk/|url-status=live}}</ref> It was one of FogBugz's first products, first announced in 2001.<ref>{{cite web|first=Joel|last=Spolsky|date=2001-10-12|title=What Does CityDesk Do?|url=https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2001/10/12/what-does-citydesk-do/|access-date=2020-08-26|df=mdy-all|archive-date=October 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029170932/https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2001/10/12/what-does-citydesk-do/|url-status=live}}</ref>
+===Copilot===
-In early 2020, Glitch released a paid plan, known as "boosted apps".<ref>https://glitch.com/pricing</ref> Users can pay 8 dollars a month to have projects with more [[RAM]], more storage, and no wake up screen.
+Fog Creek Copilot was a remote assistance service offered by [[Fog Creek Software]]. It launched on August 8, 2005.<ref>{{cite web|first=Joel|last=Spolsky|date=2005-08-08|title=Project Aardvark Ships|url=http://www.joelonsoftware.com/items/2005/08/08.html|access-date=2009-01-08|df=mdy-all|archive-date=March 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317213005/http://www.joelonsoftware.com/items/2005/08/08.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
+Originally known as Project Aardvark, Fog Creek Copilot was developed by a group of summer interns at Fog Creek Software. Fog Creek's founder, [[Joel Spolsky]], wanted to give his interns the experience of taking a project through its entire lifecycle from inception, to mature released product.<ref>{{cite web|first=Joel|last=Spolsky|date=2005-05-10|title=First Post|url=http://www.projectaardvark.com/posts/spolsky/may/10.html|access-date=2009-01-08|df=mdy-all|archive-date=October 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026172326/https://www.projectaardvark.com/posts/spolsky/may/10.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The interns set up a [[blog]], called Project Aardvark, where they posted updates on the progress of their project, even though at that time the details were still secret.
+On July 1, 2005, the Project Aardvark team revealed that they were working on a remote assistance system for consumer use.<ref>{{cite web|first=Yaron|last=Guez|date=2005-07-01|title=Full Disclosure|url=http://www.projectaardvark.com/posts/guez/july/01.html|access-date=2009-01-08|df=mdy-all|archive-date=February 20, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220005417/http://www.projectaardvark.com/posts/guez/july/01.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
+Fog Creek Copilot uses a heavily modified version of [[TightVNC]], a variant of [[Virtual Network Computing]] (VNC), as its core protocol.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fog Creek Copilot - Technical Information|url=https://www.copilot.com/tech/|access-date=2009-01-08|df=mdy-all|archive-date=October 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028170649/https://www.copilot.com/tech/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
+On November 7, 2005, a documentary on the interns' summer, titled [[Aardvark'd: 12 Weeks with Geeks]], was released. It was produced by Lerone D. Wilson of Boondoggle Films.<ref>{{cite web|first=Joel|last=Spolsky|date=2005-11-07|title=Aardvark'd DVD Goes on Sale|url=http://www.joelonsoftware.com/items/2005/11/07.html|access-date=2009-01-08|df=mdy-all|archive-date=March 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317213532/http://www.joelonsoftware.com/items/2005/11/07.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
+In 2014 Fog Creek restructured, spinning Copilot out as a separate company.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.copilot.com/About|title=About Copilot|website=Copilot.com|access-date=2019-07-10|df=mdy-all|archive-date=October 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028170651/https://www.copilot.com/About|url-status=dead}}</ref>
+In 2022, Copilot announced it was closing and that the domain name had been sold.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Copilot.com on Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/CopilotCom/status/1478109914585255940 |access-date=May 19, 2022 |archive-date=May 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519193002/https://twitter.com/CopilotCom/status/1478109914585255940 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 ===Stack Overflow===
@@ Line 35: / Line 54: @@
 In 2008, [[Jeff Atwood]] and [[Joel Spolsky]] created [[Stack Overflow]], a question-and-answer Web site for [[computer programming]] questions, which they described as an alternative to the programmer forum [[Experts-Exchange]].
-Stack Overflow serves as a platform for users to ask and answer questions, and, through membership and active participation, to vote questions and answers up or down and edit questions and answers in a fashion similar to a [[wiki]] or [[Digg]].<ref name="fashion">{{cite web|url=http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/2011/10/the-gamification.html|work=Coding Horror Blog|last=Atwood|first=Jeff|date=2008-09-21|title=The Gamification|access-date=2011-01-24|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Users of Stack Overflow can earn [[Trust metric|reputation points]] and "badges" when another user votes up a question or answer they provided.<ref name="soFAQ">{{cite web|url=https://stackoverflow.com/help/whats-reputation|work=Stack Overflow|title=What is reputation? How do I earn (and lose) it?|access-date=2010-08-14|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
+Stack Overflow serves as a platform for users to ask and answer questions, and, through membership and active participation, to vote questions and answers up or down and edit questions and answers in a fashion similar to a [[wiki]] or [[Digg]].<ref name="fashion">{{cite web|url=http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/2011/10/the-gamification.html|work=Coding Horror Blog|last=Atwood|first=Jeff|date=2008-09-21|title=The Gamification|access-date=2011-01-24|df=mdy-all|archive-date=February 1, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201063225/http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/2011/10/the-gamification.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Users of Stack Overflow can earn [[Trust metric|reputation points]] and "badges" when another user votes up a question or answer they provided.<ref name="soFAQ">{{cite web|url=https://stackoverflow.com/help/whats-reputation|work=Stack Overflow|title=What is reputation? How do I earn (and lose) it?|access-date=2010-08-14|df=mdy-all|archive-date=June 9, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609062938/http://stackoverflow.com/help/whats-reputation|url-status=live}}</ref>
-{{As of|2020|09}}, Stack Overflow has over 12,000,000 registered users and more than 20,100,000 questions.<ref name="soUSERS">{{cite web|url=https://stackoverflow.com/users|work=Stack Overflow|title=Users|access-date=2020-09-20|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="soQUESTIONS">{{cite web|url=https://stackoverflow.com/questions|work=Stack Overflow|title=Questions|access-date=2020-09-20|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Based on the type of [[tag (metadata)|tags]] assigned to questions, the top ten most discussed topics on the site are: [[JavaScript]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], [[PHP]], [[Android (operating system)|Android]], [[HTML]], [[jQuery]], [[C++]], and [[CSS]].<ref name="tags">{{cite web|work=Stack Overflow|title=Tags|url=https://stackoverflow.com/tags|access-date=2020-09-20|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
+{{As of|2020|09}}, Stack Overflow has over 12,000,000 registered users and more than 20,100,000 questions.<ref name="soUSERS">{{cite web|url=https://stackoverflow.com/users|work=Stack Overflow|title=Users|access-date=2020-09-20|df=mdy-all|archive-date=May 24, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524131953/http://stackoverflow.com/users|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="soQUESTIONS">{{cite web|url=https://stackoverflow.com/questions|work=Stack Overflow|title=Questions|access-date=2020-09-20|df=mdy-all|archive-date=April 14, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414173410/https://stackoverflow.com/questions|url-status=live}}</ref> Based on the type of [[tag (metadata)|tags]] assigned to questions, the top ten most discussed topics on the site are: [[JavaScript]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], [[PHP]], [[Android (operating system)|Android]], [[HTML]], [[jQuery]], [[C++]], and [[CSS]].<ref name="tags">{{cite web|work=Stack Overflow|title=Tags|url=https://stackoverflow.com/tags|access-date=2020-09-20|df=mdy-all|archive-date=February 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215125549/https://stackoverflow.com/tags|url-status=live}}</ref>
-Following the success of Stack Overflow they started additional sites in 2009 based on the Stack Overflow model: Server Fault for questions related to [[system administration]] and Super User for questions from computer "[[power users]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://downloadsquad.switched.com/2009/08/20/super-user-question-and-answer-site-for-power-users/|title=Super User - question and answer site for power users|last=Clarke|first=Jason|date=2009-08-20|work=DownloadSquad|publisher=AOL|access-date=2012-12-16|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
+Following the success of Stack Overflow they started additional sites in 2009 based on the Stack Overflow model: Server Fault for questions related to [[system administration]] and Super User for questions from computer "[[power users]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://downloadsquad.switched.com/2009/08/20/super-user-question-and-answer-site-for-power-users/|title=Super User - question and answer site for power users|last=Clarke|first=Jason|date=2009-08-20|work=DownloadSquad|publisher=AOL|access-date=2012-12-16|df=mdy-all|archive-date=September 5, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905122018/http://downloadsquad.switched.com/2009/08/20/super-user-question-and-answer-site-for-power-users|url-status=dead}}</ref>
-In June 2021, [[Prosus]] acquired Stack Overflow for $1.8 billion.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dummett|first=Ben|date=2021-06-02|title=WSJ News Exclusive {{!}} Stack Overflow Sold to Tech Giant Prosus for $1.8 Billion|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/software-developer-community-stack-overflow-sold-to-tech-giant-prosus-for-1-8-billion-11622648400|access-date=2021-06-29|issn=0099-9660}}</ref>
+In June 2021, [[Prosus]] acquired Stack Overflow for $1.8 billion.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dummett|first=Ben|date=2021-06-02|title=WSJ News Exclusive {{!}} Stack Overflow Sold to Tech Giant Prosus for $1.8 Billion|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/software-developer-community-stack-overflow-sold-to-tech-giant-prosus-for-1-8-billion-11622648400|access-date=2021-06-29|issn=0099-9660|archive-date=October 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029175938/https://www.wsj.com/articles/software-developer-community-stack-overflow-sold-to-tech-giant-prosus-for-1-8-billion-11622648400|url-status=live}}</ref>
 ===Stack Exchange===
 {{main|Stack Exchange}}
-In September 2009, Fog Creek Software released a [[Software testing#Beta testing|beta]] version of the Stack Exchange 1.0 platform<ref name="zdnet">{{cite web|url=http://www.zdnet.com/blog/weblife/find-the-answer-to-anything-with-stackexchange/889|title=Find the answer to anything with StackExchange|last=Mager|first=Andrew|date=2009-09-27|work=The Web Life|publisher=ZDNet|access-date=2012-12-16|df=mdy-all}}</ref> as a way for third parties to create their own communities based on the software behind Stack Overflow, with monthly fees.<ref name="stackexchange1">{{cite web|title=StackOverflow Shares its Mojo: White Label Q&A for All|url=http://www.readwriteweb.com/start/2009/10/stackoverflow-shares-its-mojo.php|access-date=2011-01-01|date=2009-10-12|work=ReadWriteWeb|last=Oshiro|first=Dana|df=mdy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222130318/http://www.readwriteweb.com/start/2009/10/stackoverflow-shares-its-mojo.php|archive-date=February 22, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> This [[White-label product|white label service]] was not successful, with few customers and slowly growing communities.<ref name="rww-2010">{{cite web|url=http://readwrite.com/2010/05/04/stackoverflow_business_funding|title=All-Star Team Backs StackOverflow to Go Beyond Programming Questions|last=Kirkpatrick|first=Marshall|date=2010-05-04|publisher=ReadWriteWeb|access-date=2012-12-16|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
+In September 2009, Fog Creek Software released a [[Software testing#Beta testing|beta]] version of the Stack Exchange 1.0 platform<ref name="zdnet">{{cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/find-the-answer-to-anything-with-stackexchange/|title=Find the answer to anything with StackExchange|last=Mager|first=Andrew|date=2009-09-27|work=The Web Life|publisher=ZDNet|access-date=2012-12-16|df=mdy-all|archive-date=January 7, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107211024/http://www.zdnet.com/blog/weblife/find-the-answer-to-anything-with-stackexchange/889|url-status=live}}</ref> as a way for third parties to create their own communities based on the software behind Stack Overflow, with monthly fees.<ref name="stackexchange1">{{cite web|title=StackOverflow Shares its Mojo: White Label Q&A for All|url=http://www.readwriteweb.com/start/2009/10/stackoverflow-shares-its-mojo.php|access-date=2011-01-01|date=2009-10-12|work=ReadWriteWeb|last=Oshiro|first=Dana|df=mdy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222130318/http://www.readwriteweb.com/start/2009/10/stackoverflow-shares-its-mojo.php|archive-date=February 22, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> This [[White-label product|white label service]] was not successful, with few customers and slowly growing communities.<ref name="rww-2010">{{cite web|url=http://readwrite.com/2010/05/04/stackoverflow_business_funding|title=All-Star Team Backs StackOverflow to Go Beyond Programming Questions|last=Kirkpatrick|first=Marshall|date=2010-05-04|publisher=ReadWriteWeb|access-date=2012-12-16|df=mdy-all|archive-date=December 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205145702/https://readwrite.com/2010/05/04/stackoverflow_business_funding/|url-status=live}}</ref>
 In May 2010, Stack Overflow was spun-off as its own new company, Stack Exchange Inc., and raised $6 million in [[venture capital]] from [[Union Square Ventures]] and other investors, and it switched its focus to developing new sites for answering questions on specific subjects.<ref name="rww-2010"/>
@@ Line 51: / Line 70: @@
 ===Trello===
 {{main|Trello}}
-In 2011, Fog Creek released [[Trello]], a [[collaborative project management]] hosted web application that operated under a [[freemium]] business model. Trello was cross-subsidized by the company's other products. A basic service is provided free of charge, and a Business Class paid-for service was launched in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Trello How much does it cost?|url=http://help.trello.com/customer/portal/articles/887713-how-much-does-trello-cost-|access-date=March 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403062317/http://help.trello.com/customer/portal/articles/887713-how-much-does-trello-cost-|archive-date=April 3, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
+In 2011, Fog Creek released [[Trello]], a collaborative project management hosted web application that operated under a [[freemium]] business model. Trello was cross-subsidized by the company's other products. A basic service is provided free of charge, and a Business Class paid-for service was launched in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Trello How much does it cost?|url=http://help.trello.com/customer/portal/articles/887713-how-much-does-trello-cost-|access-date=March 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403062317/http://help.trello.com/customer/portal/articles/887713-how-much-does-trello-cost-|archive-date=April 3, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
-In July 2014, Fog Creek Software spun off Trello as its own company operating under the name of Trello, Inc.<ref>{{cite web|last=Pryor|first=Michael|title=A Special Announcement: Trello is now part of Trello, Inc.|url=http://blog.trello.com/trello-is-now-trello-inc/|publisher=Trello Blog|access-date=2014-09-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Trello Inc. raised $10.3 million in funding from [[Index Ventures]] and [[Spark Capital]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/venturecapital/2014/07/24/digital-whiteboard-trello-spins-out-of-fog-creek-with-10-3m/|title=Digital Whiteboard Trello Spins Out of Fog Creek With $10.3M|date=2014-07-24|access-date=|website=|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|last=|first=|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
+In July 2014, Fog Creek Software spun off Trello as its own company operating under the name of Trello, Inc.<ref>{{cite web|last=Pryor|first=Michael|title=A Special Announcement: Trello is now part of Trello, Inc.|url=http://blog.trello.com/trello-is-now-trello-inc/|publisher=Trello Blog|access-date=2014-09-29|df=mdy-all|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006100253/http://blog.trello.com/trello-is-now-trello-inc/|url-status=live}}</ref> Trello Inc. raised $10.3 million in funding from [[Index Ventures]] and [[Spark Capital]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/venturecapital/2014/07/24/digital-whiteboard-trello-spins-out-of-fog-creek-with-10-3m/|title=Digital Whiteboard Trello Spins Out of Fog Creek With $10.3M|date=2014-07-24|access-date=|website=|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|last=|first=|df=mdy-all|archive-date=November 16, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116075352/https://blogs.wsj.com/venturecapital/2014/07/24/digital-whiteboard-trello-spins-out-of-fog-creek-with-10-3m/|url-status=live}}</ref>
-In January 2017, [[Atlassian]] announced it was acquiring Trello for $425 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/01/09/atlassian-acquires-trello/|title=Atlassian acquires Trello for $425M|last=Lardinois|first=Frederic|website=TechCrunch|access-date=2017-01-11|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
+In January 2017, [[Atlassian]] announced it was acquiring Trello for $425 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/01/09/atlassian-acquires-trello/|title=Atlassian acquires Trello for $425M|last=Lardinois|first=Frederic|website=TechCrunch|date=January 9, 2017|access-date=2017-01-11|df=mdy-all|archive-date=January 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129015511/https://techcrunch.com/2017/01/09/atlassian-acquires-trello/|url-status=live}}</ref>
-===FogBugz===
+===Glitch (application)===
+The Glitch web application launched in the spring of 2017 as a place for people to build simple web applications using JavaScript.<ref name="WIRED17">{{cite magazine|last=Thompson|first=Clive|title=It's Time to Make Code More Tinker-Friendly|magazine=WIRED|date=2017-07-11|url=https://www.wired.com/story/clive-thompson-tinker-with-code/|access-date=2018-10-03|df=mdy-all|archive-date=March 19, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319084429/https://www.wired.com/story/clive-thompson-tinker-with-code/|url-status=live}}</ref> While JavaScript is the only supported language, other languages can be unofficially used. Pitched as a "view source" tool that lets users "recombine code in useful ways".<ref name="WIRED17" /> Glitch is an [[Online integrated development environment|online IDE]] for [[JavaScript]] and [[Node.js]] and includes instant hosting, automated deployment and live help from community members.<ref name="howitworks">{{cite web|title=How Glitch works|url=https://glitch.com/about/features/|website=How it works|publisher=Glitch, Inc.|access-date=2019-05-16|df=mdy-all|archive-date=October 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026232001/https://glitch.com/about/features/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Integrated development environment|IDE]] features include live editing, hosting, sharing, automatic source versioning,<ref>{{cite web|title=Glitch|url=https://www.thoughtworks.com/radar/platforms/glitch|website=ThoughtWorks Technology Radar - Platforms|publisher=ThoughtWorks, Inc.|access-date=2019-05-16|ref=ThoughtWorks|df=mdy-all|archive-date=October 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029174936/https://www.thoughtworks.com/radar/platforms/glitch|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Git]] integration.<ref name="gitimport">{{cite web|title=Can I import code in a Git repository from GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket or elsewhere?|url=https://glitch.com/help/import-git/|website=Glitch Help Center|publisher=Glitch, Inc.|access-date=2019-05-16|df=mdy-all|archive-date=October 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026232001/https://glitch.com/help/import-git/|url-status=live}}</ref> Glitch focuses on being a friendly, accessible community; since its launch over a million people have used the site to make web applications.<ref name="Dash2018b">{{cite web|last=Dash|first=Anil|title=What is Glitch?|website=Medium|date=2018-03-23|url=https://medium.com/glitch/what-is-glitch-90cd75e40277|access-date=2018-10-03|df=mdy-all|archive-date=October 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027181113/https://medium.com/glitch/what-is-glitch-90cd75e40277|url-status=live}}</ref> The Glitch site is [[Self-hosting (web services)|self-hosting]] (except for the editor and API),<ref>{{cite web|title=View Source|url=https://glitch.com/edit/#!/community|website=Glitch|access-date=2019-05-17|df=mdy-all|archive-date=October 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211013074627/https://glitch.com/edit/#!/community|url-status=live}}</ref> allowing users to view or remix the site's [[source code]].
-{{main|FogBugz}}
-FogBugz is an integrated [[web application|web-based]] [[project management]] system featuring [[bug tracking system|bug]] and [[issue tracking]], [[discussion forums]], [[wikis]], [[customer relationship management]], and [[evidence-based scheduling]] developed by Fog Creek Software. It was briefly rebranded as Manuscript in 2017, which was acquired in 2018 and was renamed back to FogBugz.<ref name=fb>{{cite web|title=Virtual User Conference sheets|url=http://manuscript.rallypointwebinars.com/uploads/pdf/Manuscript_FogBugz_VUC_Q318_l_PDF.pdf|access-date=2018-09-17|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fogbugz.com/blog/manuscript-is-now-fogbugz/|title=Manuscript is now FogBugz|date=2019-01-02|first=Alexia|last=Ravera|publisher=FogBugz|access-date=2019-01-14|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
+In December 2018, [[Mozilla]] announced that it will retire [[List of Mozilla products#Other tools|Thimble]], Mozilla's browser-based educational code editor, and asked users to migrate all of their projects to Glitch.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/read-write-participate/a-note-about-thimble-b8ba0a51b8fd|title=A Note About Thimble|last=Mozilla|date=2018-12-18|website=Medium|language=en|access-date=2019-11-22|archive-date=October 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027182640/https://medium.com/read-write-participate/a-note-about-thimble-b8ba0a51b8fd|url-status=live}}</ref> Thimble was shut down in December 2019 and its projects were migrated to Glitch.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/glitch/welcoming-thimble-to-glitch-f2097394d6c2|title=Welcoming Thimble to Glitch|last=Glitch|date=2019-11-13|website=Medium|language=en|access-date=2019-11-22|archive-date=October 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027181121/https://medium.com/glitch/welcoming-thimble-to-glitch-f2097394d6c2|url-status=live}}</ref>
-===Copilot===
-Fog Creek Copilot was a remote assistance service offered by [[Fog Creek Software]]. It launched on August 8, 2005.<ref>{{cite web|first=Joel|last=Spolsky|date=2005-08-08|title=Project Aardvark Ships|url=http://www.joelonsoftware.com/items/2005/08/08.html|access-date=2009-01-08|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
-Originally known as Project Aardvark, Fog Creek Copilot was developed by a group of summer interns at Fog Creek Software. Fog Creek's founder, [[Joel Spolsky]], wanted to give his interns the experience of taking a project through its entire lifecycle from inception, to mature released product.<ref>{{cite web|first=Joel|last=Spolsky|date=2005-05-10|title=First Post|url=http://www.projectaardvark.com/posts/spolsky/may/10.html|access-date=2009-01-08|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
-The interns set up a [[blog]], called [http://www.projectaardvark.com/ Project Aardvark], where they posted updates on the progress of their project, to the world even though at that time the details of what they were working on was still a secret.
-On July 1, 2005 the Project Aardvark team revealed that they were working on a remote assistance system for consumer use.<ref>{{cite web|first=Yaron|last=Guez|date=2005-07-01|title=Full Disclosure|url=http://www.projectaardvark.com/posts/guez/july/01.html|access-date=2009-01-08|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
+In early 2020, Glitch released a paid plan, known as "boosted apps".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://glitch.com/pricing |title=Pricing |website=glitch.com |access-date=November 18, 2020 |archive-date=October 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009032205/https://glitch.com/pricing |url-status=live }}</ref> Users can pay 8 dollars a month to have projects with more [[RAM]], more storage, and no wake up screen.
-Fog Creek Copilot uses a heavily modified version of [[TightVNC]], a variant of [[Virtual Network Computing]] (VNC), as its core protocol.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fog Creek Copilot - Technical Information|url=https://www.copilot.com/tech/|access-date=2009-01-08|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
-On November 7, 2005 they released a documentary on the interns' summer, titled [[Aardvark'd: 12 Weeks with Geeks]], produced by Lerone D. Wilson of Boondoggle Films.<ref>{{cite web|first=Joel|last=Spolsky|date=2005-11-07|title=Aardvark'd DVD Goes on Sale|url=http://www.joelonsoftware.com/items/2005/11/07.html|access-date=2009-01-08|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
-In 2014 Fog Creek restructured, spinning Copilot out as a separate company.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.copilot.com/About|title=About Copilot|website=Copilot.com|access-date=2019-07-10|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
-===CityDesk===
-CityDesk was a website management software package. The backend of the system ran as a desktop application written on Windows in Visual Basic 6.0 with all data stored in a Microsoft Jet database.<ref>{{cite web|first=Joel|last=Spolsky|date=2016-12-09|title=RIP CityDesk|url=https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2016/12/09/rip-citydesk/|access-date=2020-08-26|df=mdy-all}}</ref> It was one of FogBugz's first products, first announced in 2001.<ref>{{cite web|first=Joel|last=Spolsky|date=2001-10-12|title=What Does CityDesk Do?|url=https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2001/10/12/what-does-citydesk-do/|access-date=2020-08-26|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
 ==See also==
@@ Line 95: / Line 100: @@
 [[Category:Software companies established in 2000]]
 [[Category:Software companies of the United States]]
+[[Category:2022 mergers and acquisitions]]

v t e Glitch
Produkte	FogBugz (acquired by DevFactory) CityDesk (discontinued)
Spin-off companies	Stack Exchange (sold to Prosus) Trello (sold to Atlassian)
Menschen	Joel Spolsky Jeff Atwood Anil Dash
Parent company	Fastly (since 2022)