Brunswick Street, Melbourne: Difference between revisions

Brunswick Street

Victoria
Brunswick Street; Victoria
	Brunswick Street as it runs through Fitzroy
General information
Typ	Street
Length	2.4 km (1.5 mi)
Route number(s)	Metro Route 45 (1989–present)
Major junctions
North end	St Georges Road; Fitzroy North, Melbourne
	Alexandra Parade; Johnston Street; Gertrude Street;
South end	Victoria Parade; Fitzroy, Melbourne

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Brunswick Street is a street in inner northern Melbourne, known for cafés, live music venues and alternative fashion shops.

Route

Brunswick Street runs north–south through the inner northern Melbourne suburbs of Fitzroy and Fitzroy North, from Victoria Parade at its southernmost end, crossing Gertrude Street and Alexandra Parade through Fitzroy, and north continuing until it reaches St Georges Road in Fitzroy North, near the Edinburgh Gardens; there, its former northward course is continued by a much smaller residential street named Brunswick Street North.

Tram route 11 (West Preston to Victoria Harbour) runs along the entire length of Brunswick Street.

History

Brunswick Street, believed to be named after Captain George Brunswick Smythe, owes its origins to Benjamin Baxter, who owned land along Victoria Parade in the recently proclaimed township of Newtown (now Fitzroy South). Baxter owned Crown Allotment 49, which was adjacent to Allotment 48 at the northwest corner of the government roads Victoria Parade and Nicholson Street. In 1839 Baxter subdivided his land into quarters, creating roads between the subdivisions. These became Brunswick Street and Gertrude Street. Initially Brunswick Street only ran as far as what is now Hanover Street, Fitzroy. In 1840, Mr R. S. Webb subdivided Crown Allotment 70, to the north of Baxter's land. This extended Brunswick Street further north to Bell Street (originally known as Hamburg Street). The street was officially proclaimed in 1851, by which time it extended as far as Reilly Street (now Alexandra Parade), at that stage an incomplete open drain.^[2]

In 1867 allotments in the cleared scrubland to the north of Reilly Street were put up for sale. The Government survey plan included a road in the same alignment as Brunswick Street leading to a cricket ground reserve to the north, but it was unnamed. During residential development in the 1870s, this road became known as Harker Street and was extended as far north as today's Holden Street. In 1876 Harker Street changed its name to Brunswick Street North, but by 1900 the wide Government section south of St Georges Road had dropped the 'North' in its title while the remainder, narrower and offset from the main road due to its formation by private land subdivisions, retained the name Brunswick Street North.^{[citation needed]}

Shops had appeared in the southern end of Brunswick Street as early as the 1840s and by 1854 the strip rivaled Bourke Street as a shopping district.^{[citation needed]}

After World War II, large numbers of immigrants (principally from Mediterranean Europe) settled in the inner suburbs of Melbourne, including Fitzroy. Among them, there were many Italians, who in turn imported espresso machines and established the foundations of Melbourne's café culture. Building on these foundations and established in 1986, Mario's Cafe is an iconic venue on Brunswick street serving both coffee and Italian cuisine.^[3]

For some decades, the suburb of Fitzroy was a working-class area of low rents and cheap shops. This area began to attract students, artists, and bohemians. The T. F. Much Ballroom commenced in Cathedral Hall (now called Central Hall, just opposite St Vincents Hospital, in Brunswick Street, in 1970. The T. F. Much was the heart of Melbourne's music scene and saw stand out performances by Daddy Cool, Spectrum (and Murtceps), Carson, Capt Matchbox as well as several of Joe Camilleri's earlier incarnations.^{[citation needed]}

In the 1980s, 3RRR established its studios in Victoria Street, off Brunswick Street, the Punters Club established itself as a significant live music venue, as did the Evelyn Hotel, and independent record shop PolyEster Records opened. These businesses cemented Brunswick Street's status as a nexus of Melbourne's indie music and post punk/new-wave subcultures, which in turn drew in waves of suburban tourists in their teens and 20s. Brunswick Street also served as the home base for integral techno/electronic label/promoter IF? Records, from 1994 to 2001.^{[citation needed]}

Gentrification was not long in following, though the economic recession of the 1990s slowed it somewhat. One by one, the few remaining regular shops closed and were replaced by cafés, fashion boutiques, and bars, a shift that has played a large role in Fitzroy being named one of the most unique neighbourhoods in the world in 2016.^[4] The Punters Club closed in 2002 (however it would reopen in 2024), and 3RRR has relocated further out to Brunswick.^[when?]^{[citation needed]}

From the start of the 21st century, Brunswick Street has become home to artisans, young professionals, and baby boomers with retirement savings.^{[citation needed]}

Road classification

Brunswick Street was signed as Metropolitan Route 45 between Fitzroy and Fitzroy North, in 1989, continuing north along St Georges Road.^{[citation needed]}

The passing of the Road Management Act 2004^[5] granted the responsibility of overall management and development of Victoria's major arterial roads to VicRoads: in 2004, VicRoads re-declared the road as Brunswick Street (Arterial #5114), from St Georges Road to Alexandra Parade through Fitzroy,^[6] the remainder of the road to Victoria Parade remains undeclared.

In popular culture

Helen Garner's novel Monkey Grip (1977) featured locations set in and around Brunswick Street, including the Fitzroy Swimming Pool on Alexandra Parade. Brunswick Street has also been used in the filming of many local Melbourne-based television series, such as Offspring and Rush. A song based on the streets' reputation features on English singer-songwriter Kiran Leonard's debut album 'Bowler Hat Soup'.

Major intersections

Brunswick Street is entirely contained within the City of Yarra local government area.

Location^[1]^[6]	km^[1]	mi	Destinations	Notes
Fitzroy North	0.0	0.0	St Georges Road (Metro Route 45) – Preston, Reservoir	Northern terminus of street (declared and sign-posted), Metro Route 45 continues northeast along St Georges Road
Fitzroy North	0.0	0.0	St Georges Road South, Carlton North	South-westbound entrance to and exit from St Georges Road South northbound only
Fitzroy North–Fitzroy border	0.6	0.37	Alexandra Parade - Carlton, Footscray, Clifton Hill	Southern terminus of street (declared)
Fitzroy	1.2	0.75	Johnston Street – Carlton, Ringwood, Lilydale
	2.1	1.3	Gertrude Street – Fitzroy
	2.4	1.5	Victoria Parade - Footscray, Camberwell, Montrose	Southern terminus of street (sign-posted) and Metro Route 45
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Incomplete access Route transition

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "Brunswick Street" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
^ Fitzroy History Society, Cute History Committee (2014). Fitzroy: Melbourne's First Suburb. Hyland House Publishing. pp. 333–336. ISBN 0522844766.
^ "Who We Are | Marios Cafe". Retrieved 3 September 2024.
^ The 15 Coolest Neighborhoods in the World in 2016, retrieved 17 November 2016
^ State Government of Victoria. "Road Management Act 2004" (PDF). Government of Victoria. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
^ ^a ^b VicRoads. "VicRoads – Register of Public Roads (Part A) 2015" (PDF). Government of Victoria. p. 228. Archived from the original on 1 May 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2021.

http://www.brunswickstreet.com.au/

37°47′54″S 144°58′42.5″E / 37.79833°S 144.978472°E / -37.79833; 144.978472

[gmaps-1] "Brunswick Street" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 15 November 2021.

[2] Fitzroy History Society, Cute History Committee (2014). Fitzroy: Melbourne's First Suburb. Hyland House Publishing. pp. 333–336. ISBN 0522844766.

[3] "Who We Are | Marios Cafe". Retrieved 3 September 2024.

[4] The 15 Coolest Neighborhoods in the World in 2016, retrieved 17 November 2016

[roadact-5] State Government of Victoria. "Road Management Act 2004" (PDF). Government of Victoria. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.

[vicreg-6] VicRoads. "VicRoads – Register of Public Roads (Part A) 2015" (PDF). Government of Victoria. p. 228. Archived from the original on 1 May 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2021.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Street in Melbourne, Australia}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
+{{Use Australian English|date=March 2015}}
 {{Infobox Australian road
 | type         = street
 | road_name    = Brunswick Street
 | state        = vic
-| route        = {{AUshield|S|45}} State Route 45
+| route        = {{AUshield|S|45}} Metro Route 45 {{small|(1989–present)}}
-| photo        = Brunswick Street, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.jpg
+| image        = Fitzroy Melbourne.jpg
-| caption      = Brunswick Street looking southeast, towards Melbourne city
+| caption      = Brunswick Street as it runs through Fitzroy
-| length       = 2
+| length       = 2.4
+| length_ref   = <ref name="gmaps">{{google maps |url=https://www.google.com.au/maps/dir/-37.7874293,144.9805018/-37.8085262,144.9767515/@-37.7981098,144.9737925,15.46z/data=!4m2!4m1!3e0 |title=Brunswick Street |access-date=15 November 2021 }}</ref>
-| length_rnd   = 1
 | direction_a  = North
 | direction_b  = South
-| end_a        = {{AUshield|S|45}} [[St. Georges Road, Melbourne|St. Georges Road]], [[Fitzroy North, Victoria|Fitzroy North, Melbourne]]
+| end_a        = {{AUshield|S|45}} '''[[St Georges Road]]'''<br />{{small|[[Fitzroy North|Fitzroy North, Melbourne]]}}
-| end_b        = {{AUshield|S|32}} [[Victoria Street, Melbourne|Victoria Parade]], [[Fitzroy, Victoria|Fitzroy, Melbourne]]
+| end_b        = {{AUshield|S|32}} '''[[Victoria Street, Melbourne|Victoria Parade]]'''<br />{{small|[[Fitzroy, Victoria|Fitzroy, Melbourne]]}}
 | est          =
 | exits        = {{plainlist|
-*{{AUshield|S|46|S|83}} [[Eastern Highway]]
+*{{AUshield|S|46|S|83}} [[Eastern Highway|Alexandra Parade]]
 *{{AUshield|S|34}} Johnston Street
-*Gertrude Street
+*[[Gertrude Street]]}}
-}}
 }}
 '''Brunswick Street''' is a street in inner northern [[Melbourne]], known for cafés, live music venues and alternative fashion shops.
-==Geography==
+==Route==
-Brunswick Street runs north-south through the inner northern [[Melbourne]] suburbs of [[Fitzroy, Victoria|Fitzroy]] and [[Fitzroy North, Victoria|Fitzroy North]], from [[Victoria Street, Melbourne|Victoria Parade]] at its southernmost end, crossing Alexandra Parade, and continuing until it reaches [[St Georges Road, Melbourne|St Georges Road]] in Fitzroy North, near the [[Edinburgh Gardens, Melbourne|Edinburgh Gardens]]; there, its former northward course is continued by a much smaller residential street named Brunswick Street North.
+Brunswick Street runs north–south through the inner northern [[Melbourne]] suburbs of [[Fitzroy, Victoria|Fitzroy]] and [[Fitzroy North]], from [[Victoria Street, Melbourne|Victoria Parade]] at its southernmost end, crossing [[Gertrude Street]] and [[Eastern Highway|Alexandra Parade]] through Fitzroy, and north continuing until it reaches [[St Georges Road]] in Fitzroy North, near the [[Edinburgh Gardens]]; there, its former northward course is continued by a much smaller residential street named Brunswick Street North.
-Tram route [[Melbourne tram route 112|112]] runs along the entire length of Brunswick Street for part of its journey.
+Tram route [[Melbourne tram route 11|11]] (West Preston to Victoria Harbour) runs along the entire length of Brunswick Street.
 ==History==
-Brunswick Street, believed to be named after Captain Brunswick Smythe, owes its origins to Benjamin Baxter, who owned a lot of land along Victoria Parade, in the recently proclaimed township of Newtown (now Brunswick South). Baxter's lot was Lot 49, which was adjacent to Lot 48 on the  north-west corner of Victoria Parade and Nicholson Street. In 1839 Baxter subdivided his lot into quarters, creating roads between the subdivisions. These became Brunswick Street and Gertrude Street. Initially, Brunswick Street only ran as far as what is now Hanover Street. In 1840, Mr R. S. Webb subdivided Lot 70, which was to the north of Baxter's lot. This extended Brunswick Street further north to Bell Street (originally known as Hamburg Street). The street was officially proclaimed in 1851.
+{{also|Fitzroy, Victoria#History}}
-Shops had appeared on Brunswick Street as early as the 1840s. By 1854 the strip rivalled [[Bourke Street, Melbourne|Bourke Street]] as a shopping district.
+[[File:Melbourne Tram 1979.jpg|thumb|A tram on [[Melbourne tram route 11|route 11]] travels down Brunswick Street, 1979.]]
-After [[World War Two]], large numbers of immigrants (principally from Mediterranean Europe) settled in the inner suburbs of Melbourne, including Fitzroy. Among them there were many [[Italy|Italians]], who in turn imported [[espresso]] machines and established the foundations of Melbourne's café culture.
+Brunswick Street, believed to be named after Captain George Brunswick Smythe, owes its origins to Benjamin Baxter, who owned  land along Victoria Parade in the recently proclaimed township of Newtown (now Fitzroy South). Baxter owned Crown Allotment 49, which was adjacent to Allotment 48 at the northwest corner of the government roads Victoria Parade and Nicholson Street. In 1839 Baxter subdivided his land into quarters, creating roads between the subdivisions. These became Brunswick Street and Gertrude Street.  Initially Brunswick Street only ran as far as what is now Hanover Street, Fitzroy. In 1840, Mr R. S. Webb subdivided Crown Allotment 70, to the north of Baxter's land. This extended Brunswick Street further north to Bell Street (originally known as Hamburg Street). The street was officially proclaimed in 1851, by which time it extended as far as Reilly Street (now Alexandra Parade), at that stage an incomplete open drain.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fitzroy History Society |first=Cute History Committee |url=https://fitzroyhistorysociety.org.au/publications/books/ |title=Fitzroy: Melbourne's First Suburb |publisher=Hyland House Publishing |year=2014 |isbn=0522844766 |pages=333-336}}</ref>
+In 1867 allotments in the cleared scrubland to the north of Reilly Street were put up for sale. The Government survey plan included a road in the same alignment as Brunswick Street leading to a cricket ground reserve to the north, but it was unnamed. During residential development in the 1870s, this road became known as Harker Street and was extended as far north as today's Holden Street. In 1876 Harker Street changed its name to Brunswick Street North, but by 1900 the wide Government section south of St Georges Road had dropped the 'North' in its title while the remainder, narrower and offset from the main road due to its formation by private land subdivisions, retained the name Brunswick Street North.{{cn|date=August 2022}}
-For some decades, the suburb of Fitzroy was a working-class area of low rents and cheap shops. This area began to attract students, artists and [[Bohemianism|bohemians]]. The [[T. F. Much Ballroom]] commenced in Cathedral Hall (now called '[[Central Hall, Melbourne|Central Hall]]', just opposite St Vincents Hospital, in Brunswick Street, in 1970. The T. F. Much was the heart of Melbourne's music scene and saw stand out performances by [[Daddy Cool (band)|Daddy Cool]], Spectrum (and Murtceps), Carson, [[The Captain Matchbox Whoopee Band|Capt Matchbox]] as well as several of Joe Camilleri's earlier incarnations.
+Shops had appeared in the southern end of Brunswick Street as early as the 1840s and by 1854 the strip rivaled [[Bourke Street]] as a shopping district.{{cn|date=August 2022}}
-In the 1980s, [[3RRR]] established its studios in Victoria Street, off Brunswick Street, the [[Punters Club]] established itself as a significant live music venue, as did the Evelyn Hotel, and independent record shop PolyEster Records opened. These businesses cemented Brunswick Street's status as a nexus of Melbourne's [[indie music]] and [[post punk]]/new-wave subcultures, which in turn drew in waves of suburban tourists in their teens and 20s. Brunswick Street also served as the home-base for integral techno/electronic label/promoter [[IF? Records]], from 1994 to 2001.
+After [[World War II]], large numbers of immigrants (principally from Mediterranean Europe) settled in the inner suburbs of Melbourne, including Fitzroy. Among them, there were many [[Italy|Italians]], who in turn imported [[espresso]] machines and established the foundations of Melbourne's café culture. Building on these foundations and established in 1986, Mario's Cafe is an iconic venue on Brunswick street serving both coffee and Italian cuisine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who We Are {{!}} Marios Cafe |url=https://marioscafe.com.au/who-we-are/ |access-date=2024-09-03 |language=en-US}}</ref>
-[[Gentrification]] was not long in following, though the economic recession of the 1990s slowed it somewhat.  One by one, the few remaining regular shops closed and were replaced by cafés, fashion boutiques and bars. The Punters Club closed in 2002, and 3RRR has relocated further out to [[Brunswick, Victoria|Brunswick]].
+For some decades, the suburb of Fitzroy was a working-class area of low rents and cheap shops. This area began to attract students, artists, and [[Bohemianism|bohemians]]. The [[T. F. Much Ballroom]] commenced in Cathedral Hall (now called [[Central Hall, Melbourne|Central Hall]], just opposite St Vincents Hospital, in Brunswick Street, in 1970. The T. F. Much was the heart of Melbourne's music scene and saw stand out performances by [[Daddy Cool (band)|Daddy Cool]], Spectrum (and Murtceps), Carson, [[The Captain Matchbox Whoopee Band|Capt Matchbox]] as well as several of Joe Camilleri's earlier incarnations.{{cn|date=August 2022}}
-The start of the 21st century, however, has heralded a new dawn and Brunswick Street is home to a melting pot of artisans, housing commissioners, young professionals and boomers with excess retirement savings. The bars thrive and throughout the working week expect a regular trade.
+In the 1980s, [[3RRR]] established its studios in Victoria Street, off Brunswick Street, the [[Punters Club]] established itself as a significant live music venue, as did the Evelyn Hotel, and independent record shop PolyEster Records opened. These businesses cemented Brunswick Street's status as a nexus of Melbourne's [[indie music]] and [[post punk]]/new-wave subcultures, which in turn drew in waves of suburban tourists in their teens and 20s. Brunswick Street also served as the home base for integral techno/electronic label/promoter IF? Records, from 1994 to 2001.{{cn|date=August 2022}}
+[[Gentrification]] was not long in following, though the economic recession of the 1990s slowed it somewhat.  One by one, the few remaining regular shops closed and were replaced by cafés, fashion boutiques, and bars, a shift that has played a large role in Fitzroy being named one of the most unique neighbourhoods in the world in 2016.<ref>{{citation|url= http://www.howitravel.co/the-15-coolest-neighborhoods-in-the-world-in-2016/ |title=The 15 Coolest Neighborhoods in the World in 2016 |accessdate=November 17, 2016}}</ref> The Punters Club closed in 2002 (however it would reopen in 2024), and 3RRR has relocated further out to [[Brunswick, Victoria|Brunswick]].{{when|date=August 2022}}{{cn|date=August 2022}}
+From the start of the 21st century, Brunswick Street has become home to [[artisan]]s, young professionals, and [[baby boomer]]s with retirement savings.{{cn|date=August 2022}}
+===Road classification===
+Brunswick Street was signed as Metropolitan Route 45 between Fitzroy and Fitzroy North, in 1989, continuing north along [[St Georges Road]].{{cn|date=August 2022}}
+The passing of the ''Road Management Act 2004''<ref name="roadact">{{cite web |author=State Government of Victoria |title=Road Management Act 2004 |url=https://content.legislation.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2021-08/04-12aa062%20authorised.pdf |publisher=Government of Victoria |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018233332/https://content.legislation.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2021-08/04-12aa062%20authorised.pdf |archivedate=18 October 2021 |url-status=live |access-date=19 October 2021 }}</ref> granted the responsibility of overall management and development of Victoria's major arterial roads to [[VicRoads]]: in 2004, VicRoads re-declared the road as '''Brunswick Street''' (Arterial #5114), from [[St Georges Road]] to [[Eastern Highway|Alexandra Parade]] through [[Fitzroy, Victoria|Fitzroy]],<ref name="vicreg">{{cite web |author=VicRoads |title=VicRoads – Register of Public Roads (Part A) 2015 |url=https://www.vicroads.vic.gov.au/-/media/files/documents/utilities/about-vr/acts-and-regulations/register-of-public-roads---part-a-v-2015.ashx?la=en&hash=116BE6FB86F506FF0B5BAFBEA45FCD6C |format=PDF |publisher=Government of Victoria |page=228 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501042521/https://www.vicroads.vic.gov.au/-/media/files/documents/utilities/about-vr/acts-and-regulations/register-of-public-roads---part-a-v-2015.ashx?la=en&hash=116BE6FB86F506FF0B5BAFBEA45FCD6C |archivedate=1 May 2020 |url-status=live |access-date=19 October 2021 }}</ref> the remainder of the road to Victoria Parade remains undeclared.
 ==In popular culture==
+[[Helen Garner]]'s novel ''[[Monkey Grip (novel)|Monkey Grip]]'' (1977) featured locations set in and around Brunswick Street, including the [[Fitzroy, Victoria|Fitzroy Swimming Pool]] on Alexandra Parade. Brunswick Street has also been used in the filming of many local Melbourne-based television series, such as ''[[Offspring (TV series)|Offspring]]'' and ''[[Rush (2008 TV series)|Rush]]''. A song based on the streets' reputation features on English singer-songwriter Kiran Leonard's debut album 'Bowler Hat Soup'.
+==Major intersections==
-Brunswick Street has been used in the filming of many local Melbourne-based television series, such as ''[[Offspring (TV series)|Offspring]]'' and ''[[Rush (2008 TV series)|Rush]]''.
+Brunswick Street is entirely contained within the [[City of Yarra]] local government area.
+{{AUSinttop|noLGA=yes|location_ref=<ref name="gmaps" /><ref name="vicreg" />|length_ref=<ref name="gmaps" />}}
+{{VICint
+|location=Fitzroy North
+|lspan=2
+|type=trans
+|km=0.0
+|uspan=2
+|road={{AUshield|S|45}} [[St Georges Road]] (Metro Route 45){{VICcity|p=on|Preston|Reservoir}}
+|notes=Northern terminus of street (declared and sign-posted), Metro Route 45 continues northeast along St Georges Road
+}}
+{{VICint
+|type=incomplete
+|km=none
+|road=St Georges Road South, [[Carlton North]]
+|notes=South-westbound entrance to and exit from St Georges Road South northbound only
+}}
+{{VICint
+|location_special=[[Fitzroy North]]–{{VICcity|Fitzroy}} border
+|km=0.6
+|type=trans
+|road={{AUshield|S|46|S|83}} [[Eastern Highway|Alexandra Parade]]{{VICcity|p=on|Carlton|Footscray|Clifton Hill}}
+|notes=Southern terminus of street (declared)
+}}
+{{VICint
+|location=Fitzroy
+|lspan=3
+|km=1.2
+|road={{AUshield|S|34}} Johnston Street{{VICcity|p=on|Carlton|Ringwood|Lilydale}}
+|notes=
+}}
+{{VICint
+|km=2.1
+|road=[[Gertrude Street]]{{VICcity|p=on|Fitzroy}}
+|notes=
+}}
+{{VICint
+|km=2.4
+|type=trans
+|road={{AUshield|S|32}} [[Victoria Street, Melbourne|Victoria Parade]]{{VICcity|p=on|Footscray|Camberwell|Montrose}}
+|notes=Southern terminus of street (sign-posted) and Metro Route 45
+}}
+{{Jctbtm|keys=incomplete,trans}}
 ==See also==
@@ Line 49: / Line 107: @@
 ==References==
+{{Reflist}}
-{{commons category|Brunswick Street, Melbourne}}
+{{Commons category|Brunswick Street, Melbourne}}
 * http://www.brunswickstreet.com.au/
-{{Melbourne landmarks}}
+{{Authority control}}
+{{Coord|37|47|54|S|144|58|42.5|E|display=title|type:landmark}}
-{{coord|37|47|54|S|144|58|42.5|E|display=title|type:landmark}}
 [[Category:Streets in Melbourne]]
 [[Category:Shopping districts and streets in Australia]]
+[[Category:Fitzroy, Victoria]]
+[[Category:Transport in the City of Yarra]]