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*[[Commercial vehicles]]}}
*[[Commercial vehicles]]}}
| fate =
| fate =
| predecessor =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| successor =
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1958}}
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1958}}
| founder = N.K. Firodia
| founder = N. K. Firodia
| defunct = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| defunct = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| hq_location_city = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]]
| hq_location_city = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]]
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| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|5090|c}}
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|5090|c}}
| net_income = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|152|c}} <br/>
| net_income = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|152|c}} <br/>
| parent = Firodia Group
| parent = Jaya Hind Industries
Jaya Hind Industries
| website = {{URL|http://www.forcemotors.com}}
| website = {{URL|http://www.forcemotors.com}}
}}
}}


'''Force Motors Ltd''' is an Indian [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] [[automotive]] manufacturing company, based in [[Pune]]. From 1958 until 2005, the company was known as '''Bajaj Tempo Motors''' because it originated as a joint venture between [[Bajaj Auto|Bajaj Trading Corporation]] (now Bajaj Auto) and Germany's [[Tempo (automobile)|Tempo]] for manufacturing auto-components.<ref name=WOC>{{cite book | title = World of Cars 2006·2007 | editor-first = Eligiusz | editor-last = Mazur | publisher = Media Connection Sp. z o.o. | location = Warsaw, Poland | page = 149 | year = 2006 | issn = 1734-2945 }}</ref> The company is known for brands like the Gurkha, Matador, Minidor and Traveller. Over the last five decades, it has partnered with global manufacturers such as [[Rolls Royce]], [[BMW]], [[Daimler AG|Daimler]], [[ZF Friedrichshafen|ZF]], [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]], [[Volkswagen Group|VW]], [[Traton]] and [[MAN SE|MAN]] for manufacturing auto-components.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gaur |first=Vatsala |date=2018-03-20 |title=Force Motors join hands with Rolls Royce Power Systems to produce engines for power generation, rail use |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/force-motors-join-hands-with-rolls-royce-power-systems-to-produce-engines-for-power-generation-rail-use/articleshow/63381608.cms?from=mdr |access-date= |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
'''Force Motors''', India’s largest [[van]] maker,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Largest Van Manufecturer|date=29 April 2016 |url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/earnings-business/force-motors-nowlargest-vanmakerthe-country-md-1019339.html|url-status=live}}</ref> was established in 1958 by Shri N. K. Firodia, with the vision to provide affordable commercial transport for the masses by harnessing the best available technology and offering economical, reliable and efficient products.


Force Motors is India’s largest [[van]] maker.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Largest Van Manufecturer|date=29 April 2016 |url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/earnings-business/force-motors-nowlargest-vanmakerthe-country-md-1019339.html}}</ref> The company is completely vertically integrated, making its own components for the entire product range. Force Motors has a nationwide dealer presence. The company also exports to various countries in [[Africa]], [[Latin America]], [[SAARC]] and [[ASEAN]] countries, [[Gulf Cooperation Council|Gulf]] and Germany.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Force Motors Ltd.|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/company/force-motors-53/information/company-history|access-date=2021-08-12}}</ref>
Today, Force Motors is a fully vertically integrated automobile company with expertise in the design, development and manufacture of the full range of automotive components, aggregates, vehicles and agricultural tractors. Force provides appropriate solutions for transport – both goods, as well as passenger - rugged, reliable and efficient transport solutions for every need - rural or urban, long distance or local, over good city roads or rough rural roads. It’s Traveller and Trax vehicle ranges are market leaders in their respective segments.


⚫
Force Motors ranked 359th (2020) on the [[Fortune India 500]] companies list.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fortune 500 companies|url=http://www.fortuneindia.com/fortune-500/company-list/force-motors?mode=filter&year=2016&industry=14420&sort=current-rank&order=asc|access-date=2 January 2018|website=www.fortuneindia.com|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020132944/https://www.fortuneindia.com/fortune-500/company-list/force-motors?mode=filter&year=2016&industry=14420&sort=current-rank&order=asc|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Force Motors is the flagship of the company group headed by Dr Abhay Firodia which has 9 manufacturing units across the country and a 10,000-strong workforce. Our research & development centre at Akurdi, [[Pune]] is considered among the most advanced in the automotive research and development facilities in the country. Force Motors encourages innovation and motivates its 1000 strong design and development team to create path breaking automotive designs.


==History==
⚫
Force Motors ranked 359th (2020) on the [[Fortune India 500]] companies list.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fortune 500 companies|url=http://www.fortuneindia.com/fortune-500/company-list/force-motors?mode=filter&year=2016&industry=14420&sort=current-rank&order=asc|access-date=2 January 2018|website=www.fortuneindia.com}}</ref>
[[File:Bajaj Tempo Tempo Trax Judo 4x4 frontleft 2008-05-11 U.jpg|thumb|[[Force Gurkha]]]]


Force Motors was founded in 1957 by N. K. Firodia.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Srivastava |first1=Samar |title=The force is with Firodia |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/india-rich-list-2016/the-force-is-with-firodia/45015/1 |work=[[Forbes India]] |date=December 6, 2016}}</ref> Aside from manufacturing light transport vehicles, Force Motors also makes engines and axles, as well as a large variety of die-cast aluminium parts. The foundation of Bajaj Tempo originates with the [[Bajaj Auto|Bajaj Trading Corporation]] (now Bajaj Auto), which was established in 1945.<ref name=WOC/> Bajaj started assembling three-wheeled [[auto rickshaw]]s and small trucks in 1951, under license from [[Tempo (automobile)|Tempo]] of [[Germany]]. In 1958, the companies announced the creation of a joint venture, called the Bajaj Tempo Motors, with 26 percent of the shares belonging to Tempo. In 1968, the Firodia Group took a majority stake in Bajaj Tempo.
==Background==


In 1971, Tempo (Germany) passed into the hands of [[Daimler AG|Daimler-Benz]], who retained a 16.8 percent share in Bajaj Tempo until 2001. Daimler sold its stake in April 2001 after 43 years citing little synergy between the two companies.<ref>{{cite web |title=Daimler exits Bajaj Tempo |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/business/daimler-exits-bajaj-tempo/cid/932026 |website=Telegraph India |access-date=16 February 2020 |date=24 April 2001}}</ref>
Force Motors is a versatile [[automotive]] <ref>{{Cite web|title=automotive|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry|url-status=live}}</ref> company that has the capability to cater to different types of International Markets, by providing customized 'country specific' solutions and has a formidable product range in all segments, be it small [[commercial vehicles]], <ref>{{Cite web|title=commercial vehicles|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_vehicle|url-status=live}}</ref> light commercial vehicles, multi utility vehicles and agricultural tractors. The company exports its range of products to various countries in [[Middle East]], [[Asia]], [[Latin America]] and [[Africa]].


The Tempo Matador was the first diesel light commercial vehicle in [[India]]. The company started production of Tempo Hanseat three-wheelers in collaboration with the Vidal & Sohn Tempo Werke Germany in 1958. The word ''Tempo'' (a registered [[trademark]] of Daimler) is now generic for any small goods carrier in India.
Since 1997, when [[Daimler AG]] <ref>{{cite web |title=Daimler exits Bajaj Tempo |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/business/daimler-exits-bajaj-tempo/cid/932026 |website=Telegraph India |access-date=16 February 2020 |date=24 April 2001}}</ref> took the decision to manufacture Mercedes cars in India, every engine fitted there has been produced at Force Motors. To date, it has supplied over 152,000 engines and 140,000 axles to [[Mercedes Benz India]] for which it has a state-of-the-art dedicated facility in Chakan, [[Pune]].


[[File:Ambulance used by Narayana Health Group, India.jpg|alt=|thumb|[[Force Traveller]] used as an ambulance]]
In 2015, [[BMW]] <ref>{{cite web |title=BMW Assigned |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/anuraghunathan/2015/09/23/punes-force-motors-makes-engines-for-bmw-and-mercedes-benz/?sh=744486932f92|website=forbes|access-date=23 September 2015 |date=23 September 2015}}</ref> assigned Force Motors to produce and test the engines for all cars and SUVs to be made in India. A state-of-the-art factory has been built to the exact standards of [[BMW]] by Force Motors in [[Chennai]] close to their factory. Till date Force Motors has supplied over 70,000 engines to [[BMW]].
[[File:Tempo Matador F307.jpg|thumb|Bajaj Tempo Matador F307]]
[[File:Tempo Minidor.jpg|thumb|Bajaj Tempo Minidor]]


In 1987, Force Motors set up a new plant at [[Pithampur]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]], for the production of Tempo Traveller.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Chadha|first=Arjun|date=2020-03-09|title=Force Motors and Their 2020 Gameplan - Automobiles|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/automobiles/force-motors-and-their-2020-gameplan|access-date=2021-08-12|language=en-US}}</ref> This plant was designed and built to the specification of Daimler-Benz.<ref name=":0" />
In March 2018, Force Motors has entered into a joint-venture agreement with [[Rolls-Royce Power Systems]] AG. This venture named “Force MTU Power Systems Pvt.Ltd.” <ref>{{cite web |title=Force MTU Power Systems|url=https://www.force-mtu.com}}</ref> manufactures in India and supplies worldwide, the 10 and 12 cylinder, Series 1600 engines (545hp to 1050hp) for power generation and under floor rail applications. Several generating sets have already been delivered to reputed organizations requiring fail safe backup for their critical operations.


In 1997, Daimler asked it to set up a dedicated facility for assembling and testing engines for Mercedes passenger cars to be made in India.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Khandwal|first=Raghav|date=2020-07-03|title=India's commercial vehicle markets's major player-FORCE|url=https://www.naukrinama.com/stressbuster/indias-commercial-vehicle-marketss-major-player-force/|access-date=2021-08-12|website=Stress Buster|language=en-US|archive-date=12 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812143818/https://www.naukrinama.com/stressbuster/indias-commercial-vehicle-marketss-major-player-force/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In 2022 Force Motors introduced URBANIA <ref>{{cite web|title=URBANIA|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/auto/car-news/force-urbania-van-launched-in-india-priced-from-rs-28-99-lakh/2887337/|website= financial express|access-date=23 November 2022 |date=23 November 2022}}</ref> - India’s first fully ground-up, next generation modular monocoque panel van platform. It is the first in segment to comply with crash, rollover and pedestrian safety regulations with driver and co-driver [[airbag]]. Also first in segment to provide independent front suspension with transverse springs for best in class passenger ride, and handling characteristics and first to offer all wheel disc brakes and ESP, ABS, EBD and ETDC.


In 2005, the company was renamed Force Motors.<ref name=WOC/>
In 2022 Force Motors also introduced the Gurkha BS6,<ref>{{cite web |title=Gurkha BS6 |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/auto/car-news/all-new-force-gurkha-bs6-revealed-india-launch-on-27th-september-bookings-price/2330482/|website=Financial Express |access-date=15 September 2021 |date=15 September 2021}}</ref> a powerful off-roader styled after the legendary Mercedes G-Wagon. It combines extreme off-roading capabilities with on-road handling.


Force Motors signed technology sourcing agreements in 2003 with [[MAN SE]] for which payments were made up front. On completion of the localization of the licensed technology and with the request from MAN, a joint venture was created forming MAN Force Trucks Pvt. Ltd to manufacture the full range of HCVs from 16t GVW to 49t GCW. MAN proceeded to buy out Force and MAN Trucks India was established as a separate concern in 2012.<ref>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161017170542/https://www.corporate.man.eu/en/press-and-media/presscenter/Ten-years-of-MAN-Truck-and-Bus-in-India-264577.html | url = https://www.corporate.man.eu/en/press-and-media/presscenter/Ten-years-of-MAN-Truck-and-Bus-in-India-264577.html | archive-date = 17 October 2016 | title = Ten years of MAN Truck & Bus in India | work = PressCenter | publisher = MAN SE | date = 16 September 2016 }}</ref>
Force Motors has [[manufacturing]] facilities at Akurdi and Chakan ([[Maharashtra]]), [[Pithampur]] ([[Madhya Pradesh]]) & [[Chennai]] ([[Tamil Nadu]]).

In 2012, Force Motors launched ''Traveller 26'', a monocoque panel van that can seat 26 persons, designed entirely in-house. It had disk brakes on all four wheels and also came with safety features like ABS and EBD.<ref>{{cite web|date=17 October 2012|title=Force Motors launches world's only monocoque panel van Traveller 26|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/force-motors-launches-worlds-only-monocoque-panel-van-traveller-26/}}</ref>

In 2015, the company was awarded a contract by [[BMW]], resulting in a new facility in Chennai which produces and test engines and transmissions exclusively for all [[BMW]] cars and SUVs made in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autocarindia.com/car-news/force-motors-inaugurates-plant-for-bmw-engine-assembly-396385|title=Force Motors inaugurates plant for BMW engine assembly|website=Autocar India|language=en|access-date=2020-01-02}}</ref> This plant can produce up to 20,000 engines per year.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Raghunathan |first1=Anu |title=Pune's Force Motors Makes Engines For BMW And Mercedes-Benz |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/anuraghunathan/2015/09/23/punes-force-motors-makes-engines-for-bmw-and-mercedes-benz/#4baeee372f92 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> The facility was completed in July 2015.<ref name=autocar>{{cite web |title=Force Motors inaugurates plant for BMW engine assembly |url=https://www.autocarindia.com/car-news/force-motors-inaugurates-plant-for-bmw-engine-assembly-396385 |publisher=[[Autocar (magazine)|Autocar]] |date=July 21, 2015}}</ref>

A new plant was inaugurated at [[Chakan, Pune]] in June 2016.<ref name="Bureau">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/force-motors-commissions-100cr-plant-for-merc/article8760636.ece|title=Force Motors commissions ₹100-cr plant for Merc| date = 2018-01-20 | website=The Hindu Businessline|language=en|access-date=2020-01-02}}</ref> This facility assembles and tests engines for all Mercedes Cars and SUVs made in India.<ref name="Bureau"/> The new plant has a current annual capacity of 20,000 engines and 20,000 front and rear axles.<ref name="Bureau"/>

In March 2018, Force Motors entered into a joint-venture agreement with [[Rolls-Royce Power Systems]] AG to manufacture the 10- and 12-cylinder Series 1600 engines (545 hp to 1050 hp) in India for worldwide supply. These engines are meant for power generation and under floor rail applications.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}


==Products==
==Products==
Force Motors manufactures a range of vehicles including Small Commercial Vehicles (SCV), Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV), Multi Utility Vehicles (MUV), Special Cross Country Vehicles and Agricultural Tractors.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Force {{!}} Commercial Vehicles|url=https://www.forcemotors.com/commercial-vehicles|access-date=2021-08-12|website=www.forcemotors.com}}</ref>
Force Motors manufactures a range of vehicles including Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV), Multi Utility Vehicles (MUV), Sports Utility Vehicles (SUVs).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Force {{!}} Commercial Vehicles|url=https://www.forcemotors.com/commercial-vehicles|access-date=2021-08-12|website=www.forcemotors.com|archive-date=12 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812143818/https://www.forcemotors.com/commercial-vehicles|url-status=dead}}</ref>


'''Light Commercial vehicles'''
'''Light Commercial vehicles'''
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* Force Monobus
* Force Monobus
* Force Urbania
* Force Urbania
* Matador (Discontinued)


'''Small Commercial Vehicles'''
'''Small Commercial Vehicles'''
Line 73: Line 84:
* Shaktiman 200
* Shaktiman 200
* Shaktiman 400
* Shaktiman 400
⚫
* Tempo Hanseat (Discontinued)

* Tempo Excel (Discontinued)
* Minidor (Discontinued)
'''Multi Utility Vehicles'''
'''Multi Utility Vehicles'''


Line 81: Line 94:
* Trax Ambulance
* Trax Ambulance
* Citiline
* Citiline
* Trax Gama (Discontinued)
⚫
* Tempo Trax Judo (Discontinued)
* Tempo Trax Pickup (Discontinued)


'''Agricultural vehicles'''
'''Agricultural vehicles'''
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* Orchard tractors
* Orchard tractors
* Sanman Tractors
* Sanman Tractors
* Abhiman Tractors


'''Sports Utility Vehicles (SUVs)'''
'''Sports Utility Vehicles (SUVs)'''


* [[Force One (sport utility vehicle)|Force One SUV]] (Discontinued)
* [[Force Gurkha]]
* [[Force Gurkha]]


'''Iconic Brands'''
* Matador
⚫
* Tempo Hanseat
* Minidor
⚫
* Tempo Trax Pickup


==References==
==References==
Line 103: Line 114:


==External links==
==External links==
* {{official|http://www.forcemotors.com/}}
* {{official website|http://www.forcemotors.com/}}
{{Commons category|Force Motors vehicles}}
{{Commons category|Force Motors vehicles}}
{{Automotive industry in India}}
{{Automotive industry in India}}

Latest revision as of 16:18, 3 September 2024

Force Motors Limited
FormerlyBajaj Tempo Motors
Company typePublic
ISININE451A01017
Industrie
Gegründet1958; 66 years ago (1958)
GründerN. K. Firodia
Hauptsitz
Pune, Maharashtra
,
Indien
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Produkte
RevenueIncrease ₹5,090 crore (US$610 million)
Increase ₹152 crore (US$18 million)
OwnerAbhay Firodia
Number of employees
10,000+ (2021)
ParentJaya Hind Industries
Websitewww.forcemotors.com

Force Motors Ltd is an Indian multinational automotive manufacturing company, based in Pune. From 1958 until 2005, the company was known as Bajaj Tempo Motors because it originated as a joint venture between Bajaj Trading Corporation (now Bajaj Auto) and Germany's Tempo for manufacturing auto-components.[1] The company is known for brands like the Gurkha, Matador, Minidor and Traveller. Over the last five decades, it has partnered with global manufacturers such as Rolls Royce, BMW, Daimler, ZF, Bosch, VW, Traton and MAN for manufacturing auto-components.[2]

Force Motors is India’s largest van maker.[3] The company is completely vertically integrated, making its own components for the entire product range. Force Motors has a nationwide dealer presence. The company also exports to various countries in Africa, Latin America, SAARC and ASEAN countries, Gulf and Germany.[4]

Force Motors ranked 359th (2020) on the Fortune India 500 companies list.[5]

History

[edit]
Force Gurkha

Force Motors was founded in 1957 by N. K. Firodia.[6] Aside from manufacturing light transport vehicles, Force Motors also makes engines and axles, as well as a large variety of die-cast aluminium parts. The foundation of Bajaj Tempo originates with the Bajaj Trading Corporation (now Bajaj Auto), which was established in 1945.[1] Bajaj started assembling three-wheeled auto rickshaws and small trucks in 1951, under license from Tempo of Germany. In 1958, the companies announced the creation of a joint venture, called the Bajaj Tempo Motors, with 26 percent of the shares belonging to Tempo. In 1968, the Firodia Group took a majority stake in Bajaj Tempo.

In 1971, Tempo (Germany) passed into the hands of Daimler-Benz, who retained a 16.8 percent share in Bajaj Tempo until 2001. Daimler sold its stake in April 2001 after 43 years citing little synergy between the two companies.[7]

The Tempo Matador was the first diesel light commercial vehicle in India. The company started production of Tempo Hanseat three-wheelers in collaboration with the Vidal & Sohn Tempo Werke Germany in 1958. The word Tempo (a registered trademark of Daimler) is now generic for any small goods carrier in India.

Force Traveller used as an ambulance
Bajaj Tempo Matador F307
Bajaj Tempo Minidor

In 1987, Force Motors set up a new plant at Pithampur in Madhya Pradesh, for the production of Tempo Traveller.[8] This plant was designed and built to the specification of Daimler-Benz.[8]

In 1997, Daimler asked it to set up a dedicated facility for assembling and testing engines for Mercedes passenger cars to be made in India.[9]

In 2005, the company was renamed Force Motors.[1]

Force Motors signed technology sourcing agreements in 2003 with MAN SE for which payments were made up front. On completion of the localization of the licensed technology and with the request from MAN, a joint venture was created forming MAN Force Trucks Pvt. Ltd to manufacture the full range of HCVs from 16t GVW to 49t GCW. MAN proceeded to buy out Force and MAN Trucks India was established as a separate concern in 2012.[10]

In 2012, Force Motors launched Traveller 26, a monocoque panel van that can seat 26 persons, designed entirely in-house. It had disk brakes on all four wheels and also came with safety features like ABS and EBD.[11]

In 2015, the company was awarded a contract by BMW, resulting in a new facility in Chennai which produces and test engines and transmissions exclusively for all BMW cars and SUVs made in India.[12] This plant can produce up to 20,000 engines per year.[13] The facility was completed in July 2015.[14]

A new plant was inaugurated at Chakan, Pune in June 2016.[15] This facility assembles and tests engines for all Mercedes Cars and SUVs made in India.[15] The new plant has a current annual capacity of 20,000 engines and 20,000 front and rear axles.[15]

In March 2018, Force Motors entered into a joint-venture agreement with Rolls-Royce Power Systems AG to manufacture the 10- and 12-cylinder Series 1600 engines (545 hp to 1050 hp) in India for worldwide supply. These engines are meant for power generation and under floor rail applications.[citation needed]

Produkte

[edit]

Force Motors manufactures a range of vehicles including Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV), Multi Utility Vehicles (MUV), Sports Utility Vehicles (SUVs).[16]

Light Commercial vehicles

  • Force Traveller range of vehicles (including Traveller 26, School Bus, Ambulance, Quick Response Vehicle, Royale)
  • Force Monobus
  • Force Urbania
  • Matador (Discontinued)

Small Commercial Vehicles

  • Shaktiman 200
  • Shaktiman 400
  • Tempo Hanseat (Discontinued)
  • Tempo Excel (Discontinued)
  • Minidor (Discontinued)

Multi Utility Vehicles

  • All-new Force Trax (including Toofan, Cruiser, Cruiser Deluxe)
  • Kargo King Grand
  • Trax Delivery Van
  • Trax Ambulance
  • Citiline
  • Trax Gama (Discontinued)
  • Tempo Trax Judo (Discontinued)
  • Tempo Trax Pickup (Discontinued)

Agricultural vehicles

  • Balwan tractors
  • Orchard tractors
  • Sanman Tractors
  • Abhiman Tractors

Sports Utility Vehicles (SUVs)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Mazur, Eligiusz, ed. (2006). World of Cars 2006·2007. Warsaw, Poland: Media Connection Sp. z o.o. p. 149. ISSN 1734-2945.
  2. ^ Gaur, Vatsala (20 March 2018). "Force Motors join hands with Rolls Royce Power Systems to produce engines for power generation, rail use". The Economic Times. ISSN 0013-0389.
  3. ^ "Largest Van Manufecturer". 29 April 2016.
  4. ^ "Force Motors Ltd". Business Standard India. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
  5. ^ "Fortune 500 companies". www.fortuneindia.com. Archived from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
  6. ^ Srivastava, Samar (6 December 2016). "The force is with Firodia". Forbes India.
  7. ^ "Daimler exits Bajaj Tempo". Telegraph India. 24 April 2001. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
  8. ^ a b Chadha, Arjun (9 March 2020). "Force Motors and Their 2020 Gameplan - Automobiles". Retrieved 12 August 2021.
  9. ^ Khandwal, Raghav (3 July 2020). "India's commercial vehicle markets's major player-FORCE". Stress Buster. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
  10. ^ "Ten years of MAN Truck & Bus in India". PressCenter. MAN SE. 16 September 2016. Archived from the original on 17 October 2016.
  11. ^ "Force Motors launches world's only monocoque panel van Traveller 26". 17 October 2012.
  12. ^ "Force Motors inaugurates plant for BMW engine assembly". Autocar India. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
  13. ^ Raghunathan, Anu. "Pune's Force Motors Makes Engines For BMW And Mercedes-Benz". Forbes.
  14. ^ "Force Motors inaugurates plant for BMW engine assembly". Autocar. 21 July 2015.
  15. ^ a b c "Force Motors commissions ₹100-cr plant for Merc". The Hindu Businessline. 20 January 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
  16. ^ "Force | Commercial Vehicles". www.forcemotors.com. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
[edit]
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