1210: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
simplify entry |
|||
| (20 intermediate revisions by 14 users not shown) | |||
| Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
{{Year nav|1210}} |
{{Year nav|1210}} |
||
{{C13 year in topic}} |
{{C13 year in topic}} |
||
[[File:JanBrienne.jpg| |
[[File:JanBrienne.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Coronation of [[Maria of Montferrat]] (right) and [[John of Brienne]] in the [[Crusader Cathedral of Tyre|Cathedral of Tyre]].]] |
||
Year '''1210''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]]. |
Year '''1210''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]]. |
||
| Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
==== Europe ==== |
==== Europe ==== |
||
* May – The Second [[Parliament of Ravennika (1210)|Parliament of Ravennika]], convened by Emperor [[Henry of Flanders]], is held in the town of [[Ravennika]] in [[ |
* [[May]] – The Second [[Parliament of Ravennika (1210)|Parliament of Ravennika]], convened by Emperor [[Henry of Flanders]], is held in the town of [[Ravennika]] (in modern [[Greece]]), in order to resolve the differences between the princes of [[Frankokratia|Frankish Greece]], and the [[Roman Catholic]] clergy of their domains. The assembled nobles and prelates conclude a [[concordat]], which recognizes the independence and immunity of all Church property in Frankish Greece from any feudal duties.<ref>[[William Miller (historian)|Miller, William]] (1908). ''The Latins in the Levant: A History of Frankish Greece (1204–1566)'', p. 75. London: John Murray. {{OCLC|563022439}}.</ref> |
||
* [[July 18]] – [[Battle of Gestilren]]: |
* [[July 18]] – [[Battle of Gestilren]]: [[Sverker the Younger]], the exiled former King of Sweden, is defeated and killed by the reigning King [[Erik Knutsson]]. After the battle, Erik takes the Swedish throne and marries Princess [[Rikissa of Denmark]], daughter of the late King [[Valdemar I of Denmark]] to improve the relations with [[Denmark]], which had supported King Sverker. |
||
* [[November 18]] – Emperor [[Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto IV]] is excommunicated by |
* [[November 18]] – Emperor [[Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto IV]] is excommunicated by [[Pope Innocent III]] after he occupies [[Apulia]] in southern [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]]. Otto annuls the [[Concordat of Worms]] and demands from Innocent recognition of the imperial crown's right. A German civil war breaks out, and Otto prepares an invasion against [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]], king of [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]].<ref>Dunham, S. A. (1835). ''A History of the Germanic Empire, Vol I'', p. 196.</ref> |
||
* [[November 21]] – Eric X is crowned – which is the first known coronation of a Swedish king. He strengthens his relationship with his brother-in-law, King [[Valdemar II of Denmark |
* [[November 21]] – Eric X is crowned – which is the first known coronation of a Swedish king. He strengthens his relationship with his brother-in-law, King [[Valdemar II of Denmark]] ("the Conqueror"). Shortly after, Valdemar conquers Danzig (modern-day [[Gdańsk]]) on the [[Baltic Sea|Baltic]] coast, and [[Pomerelia|Eastern Pomerania]] from the Slavonic [[Wends]].<ref>Williams, Hywel (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 133. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref> |
||
* [[Battle of Ümera]]: Estonian forces defeat the Crusaders of the [[Livonian Brothers of the Sword]]. The Estonians pursue the fleeing Crusaders and according to the [[Livonian Chronicle]] |
* [[Battle of Ümera]]: Estonian forces defeat the Crusaders of the [[Livonian Brothers of the Sword]]. The Estonians pursue the fleeing Crusaders and according to the [[Livonian Chronicle]] some of the prisoners are burned alive, while others have crosses carved on their backs with swords before being executed as well.<ref>Subrena, Jean-Jacques (2004). ''Estonia: Identity and Independence'', p. 301. {{ISBN|90-420-0890-3}}.</ref> |
||
==== England ==== |
==== England ==== |
||
*The [[Papal Interdict of 1208]] remains in force. |
|||
* King [[John, King of England|John]] |
* King [[John, King of England|John]] extends his taxes and raises £100,000 from church property as an extraordinary fiscal levy; the operation is described as an “inestimable and incomparable exaction” by contemporary sources.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Ferris|first=Eleanor|title=The Financial Relations of the Knights Templars to the English Crown|journal=American Historical Review|year=1902|volume=8|issue=1|pages=1–17|doi=10.2307/1832571|jstor=1832571}}</ref> |
||
* [[November 1]] – John orders that [[Jews]] across the country have to pay a [[tallage]], a sum of money to the king. Those who do not pay are arrested and imprisoned. Many Jews are executed or |
* [[November 1]] – John orders that [[Jews]] across the country have to pay a [[tallage]], a sum of money to the king. Those who do not pay are arrested and imprisoned. Many Jews are executed or leave the country.<ref>Carpenter, David (2004). ''The Struggle for Mastery: The Penguin History of Britain (1066–1284)'', p. 272. London: Penguin. {{ISBN|978-0-14-014824-4}}.</ref> |
||
==== Levant ==== |
==== Levant ==== |
||
* [[September 14]] – The 18-year-old [[Maria of Montferrat]] marries the French nobleman [[John of Brienne]], who brings a dowry of 40,000 silver pounds (from King [[Philip II of France|Philip II]] |
* [[September 14]] – The 18-year-old [[Maria of Montferrat]] marries the French nobleman [[John of Brienne]], who brings a dowry of 40,000 silver pounds (from King [[Philip II of France|Philip II]] and Pope Innocent III). On [[October 3]], the couple is crowned as King and Queen of [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] in the [[Crusader Cathedral of Tyre|Cathedral of Tyre]] (modern [[Lebanon]]).<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', p. 113. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref> |
||
==== Asia ==== |
==== Asia ==== |
||
| Line 42: | Line 43: | ||
* The church of [[St Helen's Bishopsgate]] in the [[City of London]] is founded, as a priory of [[Order of Saint Benedict|Benedictine]] nuns. |
* The church of [[St Helen's Bishopsgate]] in the [[City of London]] is founded, as a priory of [[Order of Saint Benedict|Benedictine]] nuns. |
||
</onlyinclude> |
</onlyinclude> |
||
== Births == |
== Births == |
||
* [[May 5]] – [[Afonso III of Portugal|Afonso III]] ( |
* [[May 5]] – [[Afonso III of Portugal|Afonso III]] (the Boulonnais), king of [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]] (d. [[1279]]) |
||
* [[June 24]] – [[Floris IV, Count of Holland|Floris IV]], Dutch [[Nobility|nobleman]] and knight (d. [[1234]]) |
* [[June 24]] – [[Floris IV, Count of Holland|Floris IV]], Dutch [[Nobility|nobleman]] and knight (d. [[1234]]) |
||
* [[July 22]] – [[Joan of England, Queen of Scotland|Joan of England]], queen of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] (d. [[1238]])<ref>{{cite book |editor=Elizabeth Ewan|title=The biographical dictionary of Scottish women : from the earliest times to 2004|url=https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict00ewan|url-access=limited|date=2006|publisher=Edinburgh Univ. Press|location=Edinburgh|isbn=0-7486-1713-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict00ewan/page/n466 400]|edition=Reprinted }}</ref> |
* [[July 22]] – [[Joan of England, Queen of Scotland|Joan of England]], queen of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] (d. [[1238]])<ref>{{cite book |editor=Elizabeth Ewan|title=The biographical dictionary of Scottish women : from the earliest times to 2004|url=https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict00ewan|url-access=limited|date=2006|publisher=Edinburgh Univ. Press|location=Edinburgh|isbn=0-7486-1713-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict00ewan/page/n466 400]|edition=Reprinted }}</ref> |
||
* [[Alice of Montferrat]], queen consort of [[Kingdom of Cyprus|Cyprus]] (d. [[1233]]) |
*''unknown date'' – [[Alice of Montferrat]], queen consort of [[Kingdom of Cyprus|Cyprus]] (d. [[1233]]) |
||
* [[Beatrix of Andechs-Merania]], German countess (d. [[1271]]) |
|||
* [[Birger Jarl]] ('''Magnusson'''), Swedish statesman (d. [[1266]]) |
|||
* [[Dervorguilla of Galloway]], Scottish noblewoman (d. [[1290]]) |
|||
* [[Domentijan]], Serbian monk and philosopher (d. [[1264]]) |
|||
* [[Pope Honorius IV|Honorius IV]], pope of the [[Catholic Church]] (d. [[1287]]) |
|||
* [[Isaac ibn Latif]], Spanish Jewish philosopher (d. [[1280]]) |
|||
* [[John of Procida]], Italian physician and diplomat (d. [[1298]]) |
|||
* [[Konoe Kanetsune]], Japanese nobleman (''[[kugyō]]'') (d. [[1259]]) |
|||
* [[Kujō Norizane]], Japanese nobleman and [[regent]] (d. [[1235]]) |
|||
* [[Loderingo degli Andalò]], Italian nobleman (d. [[1293]]) |
|||
* [[Margaret (the Lame) of Magdeburg (ca. 1210-1250)|Margaret]] ('''the Lame'''), German [[Anchorite|anchoress]] (d. [[1250]]) |
|||
* [[Matilda of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Matilda of Brandenburg]], German noblewoman (d. [[1261]]) |
|||
* [[Óláfr Þórðarson]], Icelandic scholar and [[skald]] (d. 1259) |
|||
* [[Philippe de Rémi (died 1265)|Philippe de Rémi]], French poet and knight (d. [[1265]]) |
|||
* [[Sapia Salvani]], Italian noblewoman (approximate date) |
|||
* [[Vicedomino de Vicedominis]], Italian cardinal (d. [[1276]]) |
|||
* [[Wartislaw III, Duke of Pomerania|Wartislaw III]], Polish nobleman and knight (d. 1264) |
|||
* [[William of Saliceto]], Italian cleric and [[Surgery|surgeon]] (d. [[1277]]) |
|||
* [[Xie Daoqing]], Chinese empress and regent (d. [[1283]]) |
|||
== Deaths == |
== Deaths == |
||
* [[March 29]] – [[Fakhr al-Din al-Razi]], Persian [[polymath]] (b. [[1150]]) |
* [[March 29]] – [[Fakhr al-Din al-Razi]], Persian [[polymath]] (b. [[1150]]) |
||
* [[May 6]] – [[Conrad II, Margrave of Lusatia |
* [[May 6]] – [[Conrad II, Margrave of Lusatia]], German nobleman and knight (b. [[1159]]) |
||
* [[May 13]] – [[Princess Noriko (1177–1210)|Noriko]] (or |
* [[May 13]] – [[Princess Noriko (1177–1210)|Noriko]] (or Hanshi), Japanese empress (b. [[1177]]) |
||
* [[July 17]] – [[Sverker II of Sweden|Sverker II]] ( |
* [[July 17]] – [[Sverker II of Sweden|Sverker II]] (the Younger), king of [[Sweden]] |
||
* [[October 16]] – [[Matilda of Boulogne, Duchess of Brabant|Matilda of Boulogne]], duchess of [[Duchy of Brabant|Brabant]] |
* [[October 16]] – [[Matilda of Boulogne, Duchess of Brabant|Matilda of Boulogne]], duchess of [[Duchy of Brabant|Brabant]] |
||
* [[November 14]] – [[Qutb al-Din Aibak]], Indian ruler (b. 1150) |
* [[November 14]] – [[Qutb al-Din Aibak]], Indian ruler (b. 1150) |
||
| Line 80: | Line 63: | ||
* [[Halldóra Eyjólfsdóttir]], Icelandic nun and abbess |
* [[Halldóra Eyjólfsdóttir]], Icelandic nun and abbess |
||
* [[Jean Bodel]], French poet and writer (b. [[1165]]) |
* [[Jean Bodel]], French poet and writer (b. [[1165]]) |
||
* [[Jinul]] (or |
* [[Jinul]] (or Chinul), Korean [[Zen master|Zen Master]] (b. [[1158]]) |
||
* [[Majd ad-Dīn Ibn |
* [[Majd ad-Dīn Ibn Athir]], Zangid historian (b. [[1149]]) |
||
* [[Maud de Braose]], English noblewoman (b. [[1155]]) |
* [[Maud de Braose]], English noblewoman (b. [[1155]]) |
||
* [[Muhammad II of Alamut|Muhammad II]], ruler of the [[Nizari Ismaili state|Alamut state]] (b. [[1148]]) |
* [[Muhammad II of Alamut|Muhammad II]], ruler of the [[Nizari Ismaili state|Alamut state]] (b. [[1148]]) |
||
Latest revision as of 10:35, 5 September 2024
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1210 by topic |
|---|
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1210 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1210 MCCX |
| Ab urbe condita | 1963 |
| Armenian calendar | 659 ԹՎ ՈԾԹ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5960 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1131–1132 |
| Bengali calendar | 617 |
| Berber calendar | 2160 |
| English Regnal year | 11 Joh. 1 – 12 Joh. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1754 |
| Burmese calendar | 572 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6718–6719 |
| Chinese calendar | 己巳年 (Earth Snake) 3907 or 3700 — to — 庚午年 (Metal Horse) 3908 or 3701 |
| Coptic calendar | 926–927 |
| Discordian calendar | 2376 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1202–1203 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4970–4971 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1266–1267 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1131–1132 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4310–4311 |
| Holocene calendar | 11210 |
| Igbo calendar | 210–211 |
| Iranian calendar | 588–589 |
| Islamic calendar | 606–607 |
| Japanese calendar | Jōgen 4 (承元４年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1118–1119 |
| Julian calendar | 1210 MCCX |
| Korean calendar | 3543 |
| Minguo calendar | 702 before ROC 民前702年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −258 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1752–1753 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴土蛇年 (female Earth-Snake) 1336 or 955 or 183 — to — 阳金马年 (male Iron-Horse) 1337 or 956 or 184 |
Year 1210 (MCCX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
[edit]By place
[edit]Europa
[edit]- May – The Second Parliament of Ravennika, convened by Emperor Henry of Flanders, is held in the town of Ravennika (in modern Greece), in order to resolve the differences between the princes of Frankish Greece, and the Roman Catholic clergy of their domains. The assembled nobles and prelates conclude a concordat, which recognizes the independence and immunity of all Church property in Frankish Greece from any feudal duties.[1]
- July 18 – Battle of Gestilren: Sverker the Younger, the exiled former King of Sweden, is defeated and killed by the reigning King Erik Knutsson. After the battle, Erik takes the Swedish throne and marries Princess Rikissa of Denmark, daughter of the late King Valdemar I of Denmark to improve the relations with Denmark, which had supported King Sverker.
- November 18 – Emperor Otto IV is excommunicated by Pope Innocent III after he occupies Apulia in southern Italy. Otto annuls the Concordat of Worms and demands from Innocent recognition of the imperial crown's right. A German civil war breaks out, and Otto prepares an invasion against Frederick II, king of Sicily.[2]
- November 21 – Eric X is crowned – which is the first known coronation of a Swedish king. He strengthens his relationship with his brother-in-law, King Valdemar II of Denmark ("the Conqueror"). Shortly after, Valdemar conquers Danzig (modern-day Gdańsk) on the Baltic coast, and Eastern Pomerania from the Slavonic Wends.[3]
- Battle of Ümera: Estonian forces defeat the Crusaders of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword. The Estonians pursue the fleeing Crusaders and according to the Livonian Chronicle some of the prisoners are burned alive, while others have crosses carved on their backs with swords before being executed as well.[4]
England
[edit]- The Papal Interdict of 1208 remains in force.
- King John extends his taxes and raises £100,000 from church property as an extraordinary fiscal levy; the operation is described as an “inestimable and incomparable exaction” by contemporary sources.[5]
- November 1 – John orders that Jews across the country have to pay a tallage, a sum of money to the king. Those who do not pay are arrested and imprisoned. Many Jews are executed or leave the country.[6]
Levant
[edit]- September 14 – The 18-year-old Maria of Montferrat marries the French nobleman John of Brienne, who brings a dowry of 40,000 silver pounds (from King Philip II and Pope Innocent III). On October 3, the couple is crowned as King and Queen of Jerusalem in the Cathedral of Tyre (modern Lebanon).[7]
Asia
[edit]- Jochi, Mongol leader and eldest son of Genghis Khan, begins a campaign against the Kyrgyz. Meanwhile, Emperor Xiang Zong of Western Xia agrees to submit to Mongol rule, he gives his daughter, Chaka, in marriage to Genghis and pays him a tribute of camels, falcons, and textiles.[8]
- December 12 – Emperor Tsuchimikado abdicates the throne in favor of his younger brother, Juntoku, after a 12-year reign. He is the second son of the former Emperor Go-Toba and becomes the 84th emperor of Japan.
By topic
[edit]Art and Culture
[edit]- 1210–1211 – Shazi creates the Pen Box, from Persia (Iran) or Afghanistan (it is now kept at Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.).
- Gottfried von Strassburg writes his epic poem Tristan (approximate date).
Astronomy
[edit]- September 24 – Venus occults Jupiter (the last such occurrence until 1570).
Religion
[edit]- Pope Innocent III allows the formation of the mendicant order of Francis of Assisi, to begin the Order of Friars Minor.
- The church of St Helen's Bishopsgate in the City of London is founded, as a priory of Benedictine nuns.
Births
[edit]- May 5 – Afonso III (the Boulonnais), king of Portugal (d. 1279)
- June 24 – Floris IV, Dutch nobleman and knight (d. 1234)
- July 22 – Joan of England, queen of Scotland (d. 1238)[9]
- unknown date – Alice of Montferrat, queen consort of Cyprus (d. 1233)
Deaths
[edit]- March 29 – Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Persian polymath (b. 1150)
- May 6 – Conrad II, Margrave of Lusatia, German nobleman and knight (b. 1159)
- May 13 – Noriko (or Hanshi), Japanese empress (b. 1177)
- July 17 – Sverker II (the Younger), king of Sweden
- October 16 – Matilda of Boulogne, duchess of Brabant
- November 14 – Qutb al-Din Aibak, Indian ruler (b. 1150)
- November 30 – Florence of Holland, Scottish bishop
- December 14 – Soffredo, Italian cardinal and patriarch
- Aonghus mac Somhairle, Norse-Gaelic chieftain
- Gottfried von Strassburg, German poet and writer
- Halldóra Eyjólfsdóttir, Icelandic nun and abbess
- Jean Bodel, French poet and writer (b. 1165)
- Jinul (or Chinul), Korean Zen Master (b. 1158)
- Majd ad-Dīn Ibn Athir, Zangid historian (b. 1149)
- Maud de Braose, English noblewoman (b. 1155)
- Muhammad II, ruler of the Alamut state (b. 1148)
- Praepositinus, Italian philosopher and theologian
- Risteárd de Tiúit, Norman warrior and nobleman
- Robert of Braybrooke, English landowner (b. 1168)
- William FitzAlan, Norman nobleman and knight
References
[edit]- ^ Miller, William (1908). The Latins in the Levant: A History of Frankish Greece (1204–1566), p. 75. London: John Murray. OCLC 563022439.
- ^ Dunham, S. A. (1835). A History of the Germanic Empire, Vol I, p. 196.
- ^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 133. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ Subrena, Jean-Jacques (2004). Estonia: Identity and Independence, p. 301. ISBN 90-420-0890-3.
- ^ Ferris, Eleanor (1902). "The Financial Relations of the Knights Templars to the English Crown". American Historical Review. 8 (1): 1–17. doi:10.2307/1832571. JSTOR 1832571.
- ^ Carpenter, David (2004). The Struggle for Mastery: The Penguin History of Britain (1066–1284), p. 272. London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-014824-4.
- ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 113. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
- ^ Man, John (2004). Genghis Khan: Life, Death, and Resurrection, p. 162. New York City: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-553-81498-9.
- ^ Elizabeth Ewan, ed. (2006). The biographical dictionary of Scottish women : from the earliest times to 2004 (Reprinted ed.). Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press. p. 400. ISBN 0-7486-1713-2.