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{{Short description|Subgenus of mammals}}
{{Short description|Subgenus of mammals}}
{{Redirect|Wild Asses|other uses|Wild ass (disambiguation){{!}}Wild ass}}
{{Redirect|Wild Asses|other uses|Wild ass (disambiguation){{!}}Wild ass}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Asinus
| name = ''Asinus''
| image = Equus hemionus kulan.JPG
| image = Equus hemionus kulan.JPG
| image_caption = [[Turkmenian kulan]] (''Equus hemionus kulan'')
| taxon = Asinus
| taxon = Equus (Asinus)
| authority =
| authority = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1824
| type_species = ''[[Equus hemionus]]''
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
| subdivision = ''[[Equus africanus]]''<br>
''[[Equus africanus]]''<br>
''[[Equus asinus]]''<br>
''[[Equus hemionus]]''<br>
''[[Equus hemionus]]''<br>
''[[Equus kiang]]''
''[[Equus kiang]]''<br>
{{extinct}}''[[Equus hydruntinus]]''
| range_map = Wild asses range.png
| range_map = Wild asses range.png
| range_map_caption = Range of the three living ass species
| range_map_caption = Range of the three living wild ass species
}}
}}


'''''Asinus''''' is a [[subgenus]] of ''[[Equus (genus)|Equus]]'' that encompasses several [[subspecies]] of the [[Equidae]] commonly known as '''wild asses''', characterized by long ears, a lean, straight-backed build, lack of a true [[withers]], a coarse mane and tail, and a reputation for considerable toughness and endurance.
'''''Asinus''''' are ethnic [[Serbs]], who are named Vukan. These Serbs are brainwashed Bulgarians.


The common [[donkey]] is the best-known domesticated representative of the subgenus, with both [[domestication|domesticated]] and [[feral]] varieties. Among the wild ass species, several never-domesticated species live in [[Asia]] and [[Africa]].
The common [[donkey]] is the best-known domesticated representative of the subgenus, with both [[domestication|domesticated]] and [[feral]] varieties. Among the wild ass species, several never-domesticated species live in [[Asia]] and [[Africa]], with the extinct [[European wild ass]] species formerly inhabiting Europe.


== Taxonomy ==
==Taxonomy==
* Genus: ''Equus''
* Genus: ''Equus''
** Subgenus: ''Asinus''
** Subgenus: ''Asinus''
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**** [[Nubian wild ass]], ''Equus africanus africanus''
**** [[Nubian wild ass]], ''Equus africanus africanus''
**** [[Somali wild ass]], ''Equus africanus somaliensis''
**** [[Somali wild ass]], ''Equus africanus somaliensis''
**** [[Atlas wild ass]], †''Equus africanus atlanticus'' ([[Extinction|extinct]] 1st millienium AD)
**** [[Donkey]], ''Equus africanus asinus''
**** [[Donkey]], ''Equus africanus asinus''
**** [[Atlas wild ass]], †''Equus africanus atlanticus'' ([[Extinction|extinct]])
***[[Onager]] or Asiatic wild ass, ''Equus hemionus''
*** [[Onager]] or Asiatic wild ass, ''Equus hemionus''
**** [[Mongolian wild ass]] or khulan, ''Equus hemionus hemionus''
**** [[Mongolian wild ass]] or khulan, ''Equus hemionus hemionus''
**** [[Indian wild ass]] or khur, ''Equus hemionus khur''
**** [[Indian wild ass]] or khur, ''Equus hemionus khur''
**** [[Turkmenian kulan]], ''Equus hemionus kulan''<ref name="Factsheet Kulan at Large Herbivore Network">{{cite web|url=http://www.lhnet.org/kulan/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-12-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208132337/http://www.lhnet.org/kulan/ |archive-date=2012-02-08 }}</ref>
**** [[Turkmenian kulan]], ''Equus hemionus kulan''<ref name="Factsheet Kulan at Large Herbivore Network">{{cite web|url=http://www.lhnet.org/kulan/ |title=Factsheet: Kulan &#124; Common names: Turkmen Kulan, Turkmenian Wild Ass (Horses and Asses (Perissodactyla Equidae) > Equus hemionus > Equus hemionus kulan) |access-date=2011-12-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208132337/http://www.lhnet.org/kulan/ |archive-date=2012-02-08 }}</ref>
**** [[Persian onager]] or gur, ''Equus hemionus onager''
**** [[Persian onager]] or gur, ''Equus hemionus onager''
**** [[Syrian wild ass]] or achdari, †''Equus hemionus hemippus'' ([[extinct]])
**** [[Syrian wild ass]] or achdari, †''Equus hemionus hemippus'' ([[extinct]] 1927)
**** [[European wild ass]] or hydruntine, †''Equus hemionus hydruntinus''<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bennett|first1=E. Andrew|last2=Champlot|first2=Sophie|last3=Peters|first3=Joris|last4=Arbuckle|first4=Benjamin S.|last5=Guimaraes|first5=Silvia|last6=Pruvost|first6=Mélanie|last7=Bar-David|first7=Shirli|last8=Davis|first8=Simon J. M.|last9=Gautier|first9=Mathieu|last10=Kaczensky|first10=Petra|last11=Kuehn|first11=Ralph|date=2017-04-19|title=Taming the late Quaternary phylogeography of the Eurasiatic wild ass through ancient and modern DNA|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=12|issue=4|pages=e0174216|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0174216|issn=1932-6203|pmc=5396879|pmid=28422966}}</ref> (extinct)
*** [[Kiang]] or Tibetan wild ass, ''Equus kiang''
*** [[Kiang]] or Tibetan wild ass, ''Equus kiang''
**** [[Western kiang]], ''Equus kiang kiang''
**** [[Western kiang]], ''Equus kiang kiang''
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**** [[Southern kiang]], ''Equus kiang polyodon''
**** [[Southern kiang]], ''Equus kiang polyodon''
**** [[Northern kiang]], ''Equus kiang chu''
**** [[Northern kiang]], ''Equus kiang chu''
***[[European wild ass|Hydruntine]] or European wild ass, †''Equus hydruntinus'' (extinct 1st millennium BC)
Cladogram based on whole nuclear genomes after Özkan et al. 2024.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Özkan |first=Mustafa |last2=Gürün |first2=Kanat |last3=Yüncü |first3=Eren |last4=Vural |first4=Kıvılcım Başak |last5=Atağ |first5=Gözde |last6=Akbaba |first6=Ali |last7=Fidan |first7=Fatma Rabia |last8=Sağlıcan |first8=Ekin |last9=Altınışık |first9=Ezgi N. |last10=Koptekin |first10=Dilek |last11=Pawłowska |first11=Kamilla |last12=Hodder |first12=Ian |last13=Adcock |first13=Sarah E. |last14=Arbuckle |first14=Benjamin S. |last15=Steadman |first15=Sharon R. |date=July 2024 |title=The first complete genome of the extinct European wild ass ( Equus hemionus hydruntinus ) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mec.17440 |journal=Molecular Ecology |language=en |volume=33 |issue=14 |doi=10.1111/mec.17440 |issn=0962-1083 |doi-access=free}}</ref>{{clade|{{clade
|1=''[[Equus africanus]]'' + ''[[Equus asinus]]'' African wild ass + domestic donkeys
|2={{clade
|1={{extinct}}''[[Equus hydruntinus]]'' (European wild ass/hydruntine)
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{extinct}}''[[Equus hemionus hemippus]]'' (Syrian wild ass)
|2=''[[Equus hemionus onager]]'' (Persian onager)
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Equus hemionus hemionus]]'' (Mongolian wild ass) + ''[[Kiang|Equus (hemionus) kiang]]'' (kiang)
}}}}}}}}|label1='''''Asinus''''' (asses)}}


==References==
==References==
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{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Asinus| ]]
[[Category:Equus (genus)]]
[[Category:Equus (genus)]]
[[Category:Animal subgenera]]
[[Category:Animal subgenera]]

Latest revision as of 21:44, 6 September 2024

"Wild Asses" redirects here. For other uses, see Wild ass.

Asinus
Turkmenian kulan (Equus hemionus kulan)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Perissodactyla
Family: Equidae
Genus: Equus
Subgenus: Asinus
Gray, 1824
Type species
Equus hemionus
Species

Equus africanus
Equus asinus
Equus hemionus
Equus kiang
†Equus hydruntinus

Range of the three living wild ass species

Asinus is a subgenus of Equus that encompasses several subspecies of the Equidae commonly known as wild asses, characterized by long ears, a lean, straight-backed build, lack of a true withers, a coarse mane and tail, and a reputation for considerable toughness and endurance.

The common donkey is the best-known domesticated representative of the subgenus, with both domesticated and feral varieties. Among the wild ass species, several never-domesticated species live in Asia and Africa, with the extinct European wild ass species formerly inhabiting Europe.

Taxonomy

[edit]

Cladogram based on whole nuclear genomes after Özkan et al. 2024.[4]

Asinus (asses)

Equus africanus + Equus asinus African wild ass + domestic donkeys

†Equus hydruntinus (European wild ass/hydruntine)

†Equus hemionus hemippus (Syrian wild ass)

Equus hemionus onager (Persian onager)

Equus hemionus hemionus (Mongolian wild ass) + Equus (hemionus) kiang (kiang)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder, ed. (2005). "Equus asinus". Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press.
  2. ^ International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2003). "Usage of 17 specific names based on wild species which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia): conserved. Opinion 2027 (Case 3010)" (Summary). Bull. Zool. Nomencl. 60 (1): 81–kksiss84.
  3. ^ "Factsheet: Kulan | Common names: Turkmen Kulan, Turkmenian Wild Ass (Horses and Asses (Perissodactyla Equidae) > Equus hemionus > Equus hemionus kulan)". Archived from the original on 2012-02-08. Retrieved 2011-12-10.
  4. ^ Özkan, Mustafa; Gürün, Kanat; Yüncü, Eren; Vural, Kıvılcım Başak; Atağ, Gözde; Akbaba, Ali; Fidan, Fatma Rabia; Sağlıcan, Ekin; Altınışık, Ezgi N.; Koptekin, Dilek; Pawłowska, Kamilla; Hodder, Ian; Adcock, Sarah E.; Arbuckle, Benjamin S.; Steadman, Sharon R. (July 2024). "The first complete genome of the extinct European wild ass ( Equus hemionus hydruntinus )". Molecular Ecology. 33 (14). doi:10.1111/mec.17440. ISSN 0962-1083.
[edit]
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