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Coordinates: 41°53′59″N 12°27′54″E / 41.8997°N 12.465°E / 41.8997; 12.465
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{{Infobox religious building
{{Infobox church
| building_name= San Giovanni dei Fiorentini
|name=San Giovanni dei Fiorentini
| image= San Giovanni dei Fiorentini Rome.jpg
|native_name=Basilica di San Giovanni Battista dei Fiorentini
|image=San Giovanni dei Fiorentini Rome.jpg
| caption=| location= [[Rome]], [[Italy]]
|caption=The façade of San Giovanni
| geo = {{Coord|41.899697|12.465022|region:IT-RM_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=title}}
|coordinates={{Coord|41.8997|12.465|format=dms|region:IT-RM_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=it}}
| religious_affiliation=[[Roman Catholic]]
|image_size=270
| rite=
|mapframe-frame-width=270
| province=
|mapframe=yes
| district= Rione Ponte, Rome
|mapframe-caption=Click on the map for a fullscreen view
| consecration_year=
|mapframe-zoom=13
| status=
|mapframe-marker=religious-christian
| leadership=[[Giuseppe Petrocchi]]
|mapframe-wikidata=yes
| website=| architect=[[Giacomo della Porta]]
|location=[[Rome]]
| architecture_type= [[Church (building)|Church]]
|country=[[Italy]]
| architecture_style=[[Baroque architecture|Baroque]]
|denomination=[[Catholic Church]]
| specifications=yes
|tradition=[[Latin Church]]
| facade_direction=
|status=[[minor basilica]]<br>[[titular church]]<br>[[regional church]]
| groundbreaking=1523
|architectural type=[[Church (building)|Church]]
| year_completed=1734
|architect=[[Giacomo della Porta]]<br>[[Jacopo Sansovino]]
| construction_cost=
|style=[[Baroque architecture|Baroque]]
| capacity=
|groundbreaking=1523
| length=
|year completed=1734
| width=
|website={{URL|sangiovannibattistadeifiorentini.it}}
| width_nave=
|cardinal protector=[[Giuseppe Petrocchi]]
}}
}}


'''San Giovanni dei Fiorentini''' is a [[minor basilica]] and a [[titular church]] in the [[Ponte (rione of Rome)|Ponte]] ''[[Rioni of Rome|rione]]'' of [[Rome]], [[Italy]].
The '''Basilica of San Giovanni dei Fiorentini''' ("Saint John of the Florentines") is a [[minor basilica]] and a [[titular church]] in the [[Ponte (rione of Rome)|Ponte]] ''[[Rioni of Rome|rione]]'' of [[Rome]], [[Italy]].
Dedicated to [[St. John the Baptist]], the protector of [[Florence]], the new church for the Florentine community in Rome was started in the 16th century and completed in early 18th and is the [[national churches in Rome|national church of Florence in Rome]].
Dedicated to [[St. John the Baptist]], the protector of [[Florence]], the new church for the Florentine community in Rome was started in the 16th century and completed in the early 18th, and is the [[national churches in Rome|national church of Florence in Rome]].

It was lavishly decorated with art over the 16th and 17th centuries, with most commissions going to Florentine artists.


==History==
==History==
[[File:GiovanniFiorentiniPlan.jpg|thumb|left|Plan of the Church]]
[[File:GiovanniFiorentiniPlan.jpg|thumb|upright|Plan of the Church]]
[[File:Iron bridge at San Giovanni dei Fiorentini, ca. 1890.jpg|thumb|Iron bridge at San Giovanni dei Fiorentini, ca. 1890. The bridge was built in 1827 and demolished in 1941. Photo by [[Giuseppe Primoli]].]]
[[File:Iron bridge at San Giovanni dei Fiorentini, ca. 1890.jpg|thumb|upright|Iron bridge at San Giovanni dei Fiorentini, ca. 1890. The bridge was built in 1827 and demolished in 1941. Photo by [[Giuseppe Primoli]].]]
Julius II's successor, the Florentine [[Pope Leo X]] de' Medici (1513-1521) initiated the architectural competition for a new church in 1518 on the site of the old church of San Pantaleo. Designs were put forward by a number of architects, among them [[Baldassare Peruzzi]], [[Jacopo Sansovino]], [[Antonio da Sangallo the Younger]] and the painter and architect [[Raphael]]. The dominant initial ideas were for a centralised church arrangement.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Heydenreich |first1=L. |last2=Lotz |first2=W.|chapter=Architecture in Italy 1400-1600|title=Pelican History of Art|year= 1974|page=195-196}}</ref>
Julius II's successor, the Florentine [[Pope Leo X]] de' Medici (1513-1521), initiated the architectural competition for a new church in 1518 on the site of the old church of San Pantaleo. Designs were put forward by a number of architects, among them [[Baldassare Peruzzi]], [[Jacopo Sansovino]], [[Antonio da Sangallo the Younger]] and the painter and architect [[Raphael]]. The dominant initial ideas were for a centralised church arrangement.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Heydenreich |first1=L. |last2=Lotz |first2=W.|chapter=Architecture in Italy 1400-1600|title=Pelican History of Art|year= 1974|page=195-196}}</ref>


Sansovino won the competition but the building construction was subsequently executed by Sangallo and [[Giacomo della Porta]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/italy/rome/sights/religious/chiesa-di-san-giovanni-battista-dei-fiorentini|title=Chiesa di San Giovanni Battista dei Fiorentini|publisher=Lonely Planet|accessdate=7 August 2015}}</ref>
Sansovino won the competition but the building construction was subsequently executed by Sangallo and [[Giacomo della Porta]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/italy/rome/sights/religious/chiesa-di-san-giovanni-battista-dei-fiorentini|title=Chiesa di San Giovanni Battista dei Fiorentini|publisher=Lonely Planet|access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref>


In 1559, [[Michelangelo]] was asked by [[Cosimo I de' Medici]], Duke of Tuscany, to prepare designs for the church and he presented a centralised church arrangement but this was not adopted.<ref>Heydenreich & Lotz, 1974, p. 257</ref>
In 1559, [[Michelangelo]] was asked by [[Cosimo I de' Medici]], Duke of Tuscany, to prepare designs for the church and he presented a centralised church arrangement but this was not adopted.<ref>Heydenreich & Lotz, 1974, p. 257</ref>


[[File:Church of San Giovanni Battista dei Fiorentini - interior HDR.jpg|thumb|right|The nave.]]
[[File:Church of San Giovanni Battista dei Fiorentini - interior HDR.jpg|thumb|The nave.]]
The main construction of the church was carried out in 1583-1602 under the architect [[Giacomo della Porta]] based on the Latin cross arrangement. [[Carlo Maderno]] took over from 1602 to 1620, and directed construction of the dome and the main body of the church. However, the façade, based on a design by [[Alessandro Galilei]], was not finished until 1734.<ref>''Guide Rionali di Roma'' , Rione V, Ponte, Parte IV, 1975, p.16 (in Italian)</ref>
The main construction of the church was carried out in 1583-1602 under the architect [[Giacomo della Porta]] based on the Latin cross arrangement. [[Carlo Maderno]] took over from 1602 to 1620, and directed construction of the dome and the main body of the church. However, the façade, based on a design by [[Alessandro Galilei]], was not finished until 1734.<ref>''Guide Rionali di Roma'' , Rione V, Ponte, Parte IV, 1975, p.16 (in Italian)</ref>


In 1623-24 [[Giovanni Lanfranco]] produced paintings for the Sacchetti chapel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.matthiesengallery.com/bio.asp?numcol=280 |title=Giovanni Lanfranco |publisher=[[Matthiesen Gallery, London|Matthiesen Gallery]] |accessdate=8 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060515101738/http://www.matthiesengallery.com/bio.asp?numcol=280 |archivedate=May 15, 2006 }}</ref>
In 1623-24 [[Giovanni Lanfranco]] produced paintings for the Sacchetti chapel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.matthiesengallery.com/bio.asp?numcol=280 |title=Giovanni Lanfranco |publisher=[[Matthiesen Gallery, London|Matthiesen Gallery]] |access-date=8 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060515101738/http://www.matthiesengallery.com/bio.asp?numcol=280 |archive-date=May 15, 2006 }}</ref>


[[File:Hendrik Frans van Lint - Rome, A View of San Giovanni dei Fiorentini.jpg|thumb|''San Giovanni dei Fiorentini'' painted in 1739 by [[Hendrik Frans van Lint]].]]
In 1634, the Baroque painter and architect [[Pietro da Cortona]] was asked by the Florentine nobleman [[Orazio Falconieri]] to design the high altar.<ref>Blunt, Anthony. ''Guide to Baroque Rome'', Granada, 1982, p.51; Merz, Jorg Martin. ''Pietro da Cortona and Roman Baroque Architecture'', Yale, 2008, pp 87-91</ref> Drawings for the altar and its setting and a model were prepared but the project was not carried out. Cortona's ideas for the choir included windows hidden from the view of the congregation that would illuminate the altarpiece, an early example of the Baroque usage of a "hidden light" source, a concept which would be much employed by [[Bernini]]. Some twenty to thirty years later, Falconieri resurrected the choir project but gave the commission to the Baroque architect [[Francesco Borromini]], who changed the design to allow for the burial of Orazio's brother Cardinal [[Lelio Falconieri]]. After Borromini died in 1667, the work was completed and partly modified by Cortona and on his death in 1669, by [[Ciro Ferri]], Cortona's pupil and associate.<ref>Merz, J.M. 2008, p 90-91</ref>
In 1634, the Baroque painter and architect [[Pietro da Cortona]] was asked by the Florentine nobleman [[Orazio Falconieri]] to design the high altar.<ref>Blunt, Anthony. ''Guide to Baroque Rome'', Granada, 1982, p.51; Merz, Jorg Martin. ''Pietro da Cortona and Roman Baroque Architecture'', Yale, 2008, pp 87-91</ref> Drawings for the altar and its setting and a model were prepared but the project was not carried out. Cortona's ideas for the choir included windows hidden from the view of the congregation that would illuminate the altarpiece, an early example of the Baroque usage of a "hidden light" source, a concept which would be much employed by [[Bernini]]. Some twenty to thirty years later, Falconieri resurrected the choir project but gave the commission to the Baroque architect [[Francesco Borromini]], who changed the design to allow for the burial of Orazio's brother, Cardinal [[Lelio Falconieri]]. After Borromini's death in 1667, the work was completed and partly modified by Cortona and, on his death in 1669, by [[Ciro Ferri]], Cortona's pupil and associate.<ref>Merz, J.M. 2008, p 90-91</ref>

==List of Ordinaries==


==Notable people==
===Ordinaries===
[[File:San Giovanni dei Fiorentini, Roma, cappella falconieri 1.JPG|thumb|upright|Left side wall of the choir or Falconieri Chapel.]]
<ref>{{cite web | title = San Giovanni Battista dei Fiorentini (Cardinal Titular Church) | last = David M. Cheney | url = http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/d1g17.html | publisher = [[Catholic-Hierarchy.org]] | date = 4 August 2018 | access-date = 9 August 2018}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web | title = San Giovanni Battista dei Fiorentini (Cardinal Titular Church) | last = David M. Cheney | url = http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/d1g17.html | publisher = [[Catholic-Hierarchy.org]] | date = 4 August 2018 | access-date = 9 August 2018}}</ref>


Line 53: Line 58:
* [[Carlo Caffarra]] (appointed 24 March 2006 - died 6 September 2017)
* [[Carlo Caffarra]] (appointed 24 March 2006 - died 6 September 2017)
* [[Giuseppe Petrocchi]] (appointed 28 June 2018)
* [[Giuseppe Petrocchi]] (appointed 28 June 2018)
===Musicians===

*[[Giovanni Marciani (composer)|Giovanni Marciani]], [[maestro di cappella]] from 1645-1659<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |author=Gloria Rose|date=2001|entry=Marciani, Giovanni|encyclopedia=Grove Music Online|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.17742}}</ref>
[[File:San Giovanni dei Fiorentini, Roma, cappella falconieri 1.JPG|thumb|left|Left side wall of the choir or Falconieri Chapel.]]


==Burials==
==Burials==
[[Francesco Borromini]] is buried under the dome.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fodors.com/world/europe/italy/rome/review-180013.html|title=San Giovanni dei Fiorentini|work=Rome Sights|publisher=Fodor's|access-date=20 January 2013}}</ref>


[[Francesco Borromini]] is buried under the dome.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fodors.com/world/europe/italy/rome/review-180013.html|title=San Giovanni dei Fiorentini|work=Rome Sights|publisher=Fodor's|accessdate=20 January 2013}}</ref>
[[Carlo Murena]], architect<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/carlo-murena_(Dizionario-Biografico)|title=Treccani.it - Murena, Carlo}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
[[File:Hendrik Frans van Lint - Rome, A View of San Giovanni dei Fiorentini.jpg|thumb|280px|''San Giovanni dei Fiorentini'' painted in 1739 by [[Hendrik Frans van Lint]].]]
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}



==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* Emilio Rufini, ''S. Giovanni de' Fiorentini'' (Rome: Marietti, 1957).
* Emilio Rufini, ''S. Giovanni de' Fiorentini'' (Rome: [[:it: Marietti Editore|Marietti]], 1957).
* Paolo Portoghesi, ''Roma Barocca'' (Rome: Laterza, 1966).
* Paolo Portoghesi, ''Roma Barocca'' (Rome: Laterza, 1966).
* Luigi Lotti, ''S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini'' (Rome: Alma Roma, 1971).
* Luigi Lotti, ''S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini'' (Rome: Alma Roma, 1971).


==External links==
==External links==
* {{cite book |first=M. |last=Lucentini |title=The Rome Guide: Step by Step through History's Greatest City|date=31 December 2012 |isbn=9781623710088 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=laMDAQAAQBAJ}}
{{commonscat|Church of San Giovanni Battista dei Fiorentini}}

*[http://www.sangiovannideifiorentini.net San Giovanni dei Fiorentini Website]
{{commonscat-inline}}
{{Churches in the City of Rome}}
{{Churches in the City of Rome}}
{{Sequence
{{Rome landmarks}}
| prev = [[San Giovanni a Porta Latina]]
| list = Landmarks of Rome
| curr = San Giovanni dei Fiorentini
| next = [[Santi Giovanni e Paolo al Celio]]
}}
<!-- "Santi Giovanni e Paolo al Celio" as the next landmark and "San Giovanni a Porta Latina" as the previous one are taken from the navbox "Landmarks of Rome" that is placed below. A navbox is invisible in mobile view. The addition enables mobile users to click at least the next landmark or the previous one. -->


{{Monuments of Rome}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Francesco Borromini}}
{{Pietro da Cortona}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Giovanni Dei Fiorentini}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Giovanni Dei Fiorentini}}
[[Category:Basilica churches in Rome|Giovanni dei Fiorentini]]
[[Category:Basilica churches in Rome|Giovanni dei Fiorentini]]
[[Category:Titular churches|Giovanni dei Fiorentini]]
[[Category:Titular churches|Giovanni dei Fiorentini]]
[[Category:16th-century Roman Catholic church buildings]]
[[Category:16th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1734]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1734]]
[[Category:Baroque architecture in Rome]]
[[Category:Baroque architecture in Rome]]
[[Category:National churches in Rome]]
[[Category:National churches in Rome]]
[[Category:Churches of Rome (rione Ponte)]]
[[Category:Churches of Rome (rione Ponte)]]
[[Category:Alessandro Galilei buildings]]
[[Category:Francesco Borromini buildings]]
[[Category:Pietro da Cortona buildings]]
[[Category:Carlo Maderno buildings]]
[[Category:Jacopo Sansovino buildings]]

Latest revision as of 15:06, 7 September 2024

San Giovanni dei Fiorentini
Basilica di San Giovanni Battista dei Fiorentini
The façade of San Giovanni
Map
Click on the map for a fullscreen view
41°53′59″N 12°27′54″E / 41.8997°N 12.465°E / 41.8997; 12.465
StandortRome
LandItalien
DenominationCatholic Church
TraditionLatin Church
Websitesangiovannibattistadeifiorentini.it
History
Statusminor basilica
titular church
regional church
Architecture
Architect(s)Giacomo della Porta
Jacopo Sansovino
Architectural typeChurch
StyleBaroque
Groundbreaking1523
Completed1734
Clergy
Cardinal protectorGiuseppe Petrocchi

The Basilica of San Giovanni dei Fiorentini ("Saint John of the Florentines") is a minor basilica and a titular church in the Ponte rione of Rome, Italy.

Dedicated to St. John the Baptist, the protector of Florence, the new church for the Florentine community in Rome was started in the 16th century and completed in the early 18th, and is the national church of Florence in Rome.

It was lavishly decorated with art over the 16th and 17th centuries, with most commissions going to Florentine artists.

History

[edit]
Plan of the Church
Iron bridge at San Giovanni dei Fiorentini, ca. 1890. The bridge was built in 1827 and demolished in 1941. Photo by Giuseppe Primoli.

Julius II's successor, the Florentine Pope Leo X de' Medici (1513-1521), initiated the architectural competition for a new church in 1518 on the site of the old church of San Pantaleo. Designs were put forward by a number of architects, among them Baldassare Peruzzi, Jacopo Sansovino, Antonio da Sangallo the Younger and the painter and architect Raphael. The dominant initial ideas were for a centralised church arrangement.[1]

Sansovino won the competition but the building construction was subsequently executed by Sangallo and Giacomo della Porta.[2]

In 1559, Michelangelo was asked by Cosimo I de' Medici, Duke of Tuscany, to prepare designs for the church and he presented a centralised church arrangement but this was not adopted.[3]

The nave.

The main construction of the church was carried out in 1583-1602 under the architect Giacomo della Porta based on the Latin cross arrangement. Carlo Maderno took over from 1602 to 1620, and directed construction of the dome and the main body of the church. However, the façade, based on a design by Alessandro Galilei, was not finished until 1734.[4]

In 1623-24 Giovanni Lanfranco produced paintings for the Sacchetti chapel.[5]

San Giovanni dei Fiorentini painted in 1739 by Hendrik Frans van Lint.

In 1634, the Baroque painter and architect Pietro da Cortona was asked by the Florentine nobleman Orazio Falconieri to design the high altar.[6] Drawings for the altar and its setting and a model were prepared but the project was not carried out. Cortona's ideas for the choir included windows hidden from the view of the congregation that would illuminate the altarpiece, an early example of the Baroque usage of a "hidden light" source, a concept which would be much employed by Bernini. Some twenty to thirty years later, Falconieri resurrected the choir project but gave the commission to the Baroque architect Francesco Borromini, who changed the design to allow for the burial of Orazio's brother, Cardinal Lelio Falconieri. After Borromini's death in 1667, the work was completed and partly modified by Cortona and, on his death in 1669, by Ciro Ferri, Cortona's pupil and associate.[7]

Notable people

[edit]

Ordinaries

[edit]
Left side wall of the choir or Falconieri Chapel.

[8]

Musiker

[edit]

Burials

[edit]

Francesco Borromini is buried under the dome.[10]

Carlo Murena, architect[11]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Heydenreich, L.; Lotz, W. (1974). "Architecture in Italy 1400-1600". Pelican History of Art. p. 195-196.
  2. ^ "Chiesa di San Giovanni Battista dei Fiorentini". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  3. ^ Heydenreich & Lotz, 1974, p. 257
  4. ^ Guide Rionali di Roma , Rione V, Ponte, Parte IV, 1975, p.16 (in Italian)
  5. ^ "Giovanni Lanfranco". Matthiesen Gallery. Archived from the original on May 15, 2006. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  6. ^ Blunt, Anthony. Guide to Baroque Rome, Granada, 1982, p.51; Merz, Jorg Martin. Pietro da Cortona and Roman Baroque Architecture, Yale, 2008, pp 87-91
  7. ^ Merz, J.M. 2008, p 90-91
  8. ^ David M. Cheney (4 August 2018). "San Giovanni Battista dei Fiorentini (Cardinal Titular Church)". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  9. ^ Gloria Rose (2001). "Marciani, Giovanni". Grove Music Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.17742.
  10. ^ "San Giovanni dei Fiorentini". Rome Sights. Fodor's. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
  11. ^ "Treccani.it - Murena, Carlo".

Further reading

[edit]
  • Emilio Rufini, S. Giovanni de' Fiorentini (Rome: Marietti, 1957).
  • Paolo Portoghesi, Roma Barocca (Rome: Laterza, 1966).
  • Luigi Lotti, S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini (Rome: Alma Roma, 1971).
[edit]

Media related to Church of San Giovanni Battista dei Fiorentini at Wikimedia Commons

Preceded by
San Giovanni a Porta Latina
Landmarks of Rome
San Giovanni dei Fiorentini
Succeeded by
Santi Giovanni e Paolo al Celio