Al Gore 1988 presidential campaign: Difference between revisions

Al Gore 1988 presidential campaign
Al Gore 1988 presidential campaign
Campaign	1988 U.S. presidential election
Candidate	Al Gore; U.S. Senator from Tennessee; (1985–1993); House Representative from Tennessee; (1977–1985)
Affiliation	Democratic Party
Hauptsitz	Carthage, Tennessee

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The 1988 presidential campaign of Al Gore, U.S. Senator of Tennessee and former House Representative began on April 11, 1987. He campaigned for President of the United States as a Democratic candidate in the 1988 presidential election, against Democratic candidates Joe Biden, Dick Gephardt, Paul Simon, Jesse Jackson, and Michael Dukakis (who eventually won the Democratic nomination). Despite eventual defeat, Gore, who came in a third place, was one of the front-runners that year. Al Gore, at that time, represented the Southern Democrats and some of the Conservative Democrats in 1980s.

Announcement

On April 11, 1987, Senator Gore of Tennessee announced his candidacy. He stated that he believed he could offer, "clearer goals" than the other candidates.^[1]

Gore was further described by The New York Times as:

solidly built, dark and indisputably handsome. He has a powerful sweet tooth but keeps his weight under control by running several miles a day at dawn. His stump speaking is erratic, one night spirited and evocative and the next flat and routine. He is an indifferent platform joke-teller but can be a raconteur and mimic of some skill in the privacy of his chartered campaign plane. National analysts make Senator Gore a long-shot for the Presidential nomination, but many believe he could provide a natural complement for any of the other candidates: a young, attractive, moderate Vice Presidential nominee from the South. He currently denies any interest, but he carefully does not reject the idea out of hand.^[2]

At the time of the announcement, Senator Gore was 39 years old, making him the "youngest serious Presidential candidate since John F. Kennedy."^[2]

Campaign

According to CNN, Gore ran his campaign as, "a Southern centrist, [who] opposed federal funding for abortion. He favored a moment of silence for prayer in the schools and voted against banning the interstate sale of handguns."^[3] In addition, CNN notes, "in 1988, for the first time, 12 Southern states would hold their primaries on the same day, Super Tuesday.

As the only other Southern candidate, Gore chose to criticize Jackson often. Gore began to criticize Jackson for his Mid-East policies.^[4] In particular, "Albert Gore Jr. assailed Mr. Jackson's foreign policy views and said he was 'dismayed' by Mr. Jackson's 'embrace of Arafat and Castro'."^[5] Jackson responded by stating that, "The issue is not whether the Israelis and Palestinians are moral equivalents. Both of them are human beings and both are trapped in the cycle of death and pain. And they are trapped in the cycle of mutual annihilation. I wanted to offer leadership that will move from mutual annihilation to coexistence to break the cycle of death."^[5] Gore was heavily criticized for his attacks against both Jackson and Dukakis.^[6] Jackson also retracted some of his previous statements.^[7] It was Gore who first mentioned the Massachusetts furlough program Dukakis had supported as Governor by asking him questions in a debate right before the 1988 New York primary, about "weekend passes for convicted criminals"; this later developed into the Willie Horton pro-George H. W. Bush attack ad.^[8] However, unlike commonly believed, Gore did not mention Horton by name.^[8]

During the Democratic debate, Gore argued that his foreign policy platform was different from his rivals, but they disagreed. "'I reject Gore's efforts to try to pin labels,' Representative Richard A. Gephardt of Missouri told reporters after the event."^[9]

Jackson defeated Gore in the South Carolina Primary, winning, "more than half the total vote, three times that of his closest rival here, Senator Albert Gore Jr. of Tennessee."^[10] Gore next placed great hope on Super Tuesday^[3] where they split the Southern vote: Jackson winning Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi and Virginia; Gore winning Arkansas, North Carolina, Kentucky, Nevada, Tennessee, and Oklahoma.^[11]^[12]

Dropping out

The Gore campaign came to a close after Dukakis won the New York primary with 51% of the vote, followed by Jackson at 37%, and Gore only received 10%.^{[better source needed]}^[11] The New York Times argued that he lost support due to his attacks against Jackson, Dukakis, and others, as well as for his endorsement by Koch.^[13]

Gore was eventually able to mend fences with Jesse Jackson, who supported the Clinton-Gore ticket in 1992 and 1996, and who also campaigned for the Gore-Lieberman ticket during the 2000 presidential election.^[14]^[15] According to some, Gore's policies had changed in 2000, reflecting his eight years as Vice President.^[16]

Statewide contests won

South: Tennessee, Kentucky, North Carolina, Arkansas, Oklahoma^[17]

Outside the South: Nevada, Wyoming^[17]

Popular vote position

Dukakis - 9,898,750 (42.51%)
Jackson - 6,788,991 (29.15%)
Gore - 3,185,806 (13.68%)
Gephardt - 1,399,041 (6.01%)
Simon - 1,082,960 (4.65%)^[18]

Endorsements

47th Texas Governor, Republican Rick Perry, who at the time was a Democrat in the Texas State House, campaigned for Gore during the primaries.^[19]

Gore was later endorsed by New York Mayor Ed Koch, who made statements in favor of Israel and against Jackson. These statements further cast Gore in a negative light.^[3] The endorsement led voters away from Gore who only received 10% of the vote in the New York Primary.^{[citation needed]}

Governors

United States Senators

Senator Howell Heflin of Alabama
Senator Terry Sanford of North Carolina^[18]
Senator Sam Nunn of Georgia^[20]
Senator J. Bennett Johnston of Louisiana^[21]
Senator David Boren of Oklahoma^[22]
Former Senator Ralph Yarborough of Texas^[23]

Lieutenant Governors

State House Speakers

Georgia House of Representatives Speaker Tom Murphy^[20]
Alabama House of Representatives Speaker James S. Clark^[26]

Others

Notes

^ Gailey, Phil (11 April 1987). "GORE ANNOUNCES PLAN TO DECLARE FOR THE PRESIDENCY LATER IN SPRING (Published 1987)". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2020-03-04.
^ ^a ^b Warren Weaver Jr. (January 21, 1988). "Gore as Candidate: Traveler Between 2 Worlds". The New York Times.
^ ^a ^b ^c The first presidential run Archived 2007-01-01 at the Wayback Machine
^ Weinraub, Bernard (4 April 1988). "Gore Assails Dukakis Over Jackson (Published 1988)". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2020-02-28.
^ ^a ^b Weinraub, Bernard (30 March 1988). "Gore Assails Jackson on View of Israel (Published 1988)". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2020-02-28.
^ ON MY MIND; Gore In the Big City
^ Rosenthal, Andrew (11 April 1988). "Jackson Seeks To Soften Stand On Middle East (Published 1988)". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2020-03-03.
^ ^a ^b "Did Gore Hatch Horton?". Slate. November 1, 1999. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
^ Gore's Foreign Policy Not as Different as He Says, Rivals
^ Jackson's Triumph in South Carolina Illustrates Dramatic Change Since Vote in '84
^ ^a ^b Senate Historical Office (2016-12-22). "Albert Arnold Gore, Jr.: 45th Vice President: 1993-2001" (PDF). senate.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-21. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
^ "THE FIRST SUPER TUESDAY". PBS. Archived from the original on 2010-06-08. Retrieved 2017-08-23.
^ "This Gore Campaign, and the Next". The New York Times. 1988-04-22. Archived from the original on 2018-06-30. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
^ Jesse Jackson endorses Gore for president {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424004451/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/03/01/jackson.cnn/index.html |date=2009-04-24}
^ God bless Jesse Jackson Archived 2009-06-22 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Presidential Candidates Stances on the Issues". PBS. Archived from the original on 2008-01-05. Retrieved 2017-08-23.
^ ^a ^b "Elections". Archived from the original on 2009-10-26.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Our Campaigns - US President - D Primaries Race - Feb 01, 1988". Archived from the original on November 11, 2007. Retrieved November 24, 2007.
^ "Michele Bachmann says Rick Perry co-chaired Al Gore's presidential campaign". PolitiFact Texas. Austin American-Statesman. 2011-10-12. Retrieved 2013-01-08. Perry indeed endorsed Gore for president, but he did not hold a campaign leadership post.
^ ^a ^b Our Campaigns - GA US President - D Primary Race - Mar 08, 1988
^ Our Campaigns - LA US President - D Primary Race - Mar 08, 1988
^ Our Campaigns - OK US President - D Primary Race - Mar 08, 1988
^ Our Campaigns - TX US President - D Primary Race - Mar 08, 1988
^ Our Campaigns - Candidate - James E. "Jim" Folsom, Jr
^ ^a ^b Our Campaigns - AL US President - D Primary Race - Mar 08, 1988
^ Our Campaigns - Candidate - James S. Clark

External links

The first presidential run - CNN

[1] Gailey, Phil (11 April 1987). "GORE ANNOUNCES PLAN TO DECLARE FOR THE PRESIDENCY LATER IN SPRING (Published 1987)". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2020-03-04.

[nytjan21-2] Warren Weaver Jr. (January 21, 1988). "Gore as Candidate: Traveler Between 2 Worlds". The New York Times.

[The_first_presidential_run-3] The first presidential run Archived 2007-01-01 at the Wayback Machine

[4] Weinraub, Bernard (4 April 1988). "Gore Assails Dukakis Over Jackson (Published 1988)". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2020-02-28.

[query.nytimes.com-5] Weinraub, Bernard (30 March 1988). "Gore Assails Jackson on View of Israel (Published 1988)". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2020-02-28.

[6] ON MY MIND; Gore In the Big City

[7] Rosenthal, Andrew (11 April 1988). "Jackson Seeks To Soften Stand On Middle East (Published 1988)". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2020-03-03.

[Horton-8] "Did Gore Hatch Horton?". Slate. November 1, 1999. Retrieved October 3, 2017.

[9] Gore's Foreign Policy Not as Different as He Says, Rivals

[10] Jackson's Triumph in South Carolina Illustrates Dramatic Change Since Vote in '84

[senate.gov-11] Senate Historical Office (2016-12-22). "Albert Arnold Gore, Jr.: 45th Vice President: 1993-2001" (PDF). senate.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-21. Retrieved 2024-02-05.

[12] "THE FIRST SUPER TUESDAY". PBS. Archived from the original on 2010-06-08. Retrieved 2017-08-23.

[13] "This Gore Campaign, and the Next". The New York Times. 1988-04-22. Archived from the original on 2018-06-30. Retrieved 2024-02-05.

[14] Jesse Jackson endorses Gore for president {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424004451/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/03/01/jackson.cnn/index.html |date=2009-04-24}

[15] God bless Jesse Jackson Archived 2009-06-22 at the Wayback Machine

[16] "Presidential Candidates Stances on the Issues". PBS. Archived from the original on 2008-01-05. Retrieved 2017-08-23.

[Elections-17] "Elections". Archived from the original on 2009-10-26.

[ourcampaigns.com-18] "Our Campaigns - US President - D Primaries Race - Feb 01, 1988". Archived from the original on November 11, 2007. Retrieved November 24, 2007.

[19] "Michele Bachmann says Rick Perry co-chaired Al Gore's presidential campaign". PolitiFact Texas. Austin American-Statesman. 2011-10-12. Retrieved 2013-01-08. Perry indeed endorsed Gore for president, but he did not hold a campaign leadership post.

[ReferenceA-20] Our Campaigns - GA US President - D Primary Race - Mar 08, 1988

[21] Our Campaigns - LA US President - D Primary Race - Mar 08, 1988

[22] Our Campaigns - OK US President - D Primary Race - Mar 08, 1988

[23] Our Campaigns - TX US President - D Primary Race - Mar 08, 1988

[24] Our Campaigns - Candidate - James E. "Jim" Folsom, Jr

[ReferenceB-25] Our Campaigns - AL US President - D Primary Race - Mar 08, 1988

[26] Our Campaigns - Candidate - James S. Clark

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|American political campaign}}
 {{Infobox U.S. federal election campaign
 | committee        =
 | logo             = Al Gore '88 logo.svg
 | campaign         = [[1988 United States presidential election|1988 U.S. presidential election]]
-| candidate        = [[Al Gore]]<br>[[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] from [[Tennessee]]<br>''(1985–1993)''<br>[[U.S. House of Representatives|House Representative]] from Tennessee<br>''(1977–1985)''
+| candidate        = '''[[Al Gore]]'''<br>[[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] from [[Tennessee]]<br>''(1985–1993)''<br>[[U.S. House of Representatives|House Representative]] from Tennessee<br>''(1977–1985)''
 | cand_id          =
 | fec_date         =
 | affiliation      = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]]
-| headquarters     =
+| headquarters     = Carthage, Tennessee
 | key_people       =
 | receipts         =
@@ Line 13: / Line 14: @@
 | homepage         =
 }}
-The '''1988 presidential campaign of [[Al Gore]]''', U.S. Senator of Tennessee and former [[U.S. House of Representatives|House Representative]] began on April 11, 1987. He campaigned for [[President of the United States]] as a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic candidate]] in the [[1988 United States presidential election|1988 presidential election]], against Democratic candidates [[Joe Biden]], [[Dick Gephardt]], [[Paul Simon (politician)|Paul Simon]], [[Jesse Jackson]], and [[Michael Dukakis]] (who eventually won the Democratic nomination). Despite eventual defeat, Gore, who came in a strong third place, was one of the front-runners that year. Al Gore, at that time, represented the [[Southern Democrats]] and some of the [[Conservative Democrats]] in 1980s.
+The '''1988 presidential campaign of [[Al Gore]]''', U.S. Senator of Tennessee and former [[U.S. House of Representatives|House Representative]] began on April 11, 1987. He campaigned for [[President of the United States]] as a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic candidate]] in the [[1988 United States presidential election|1988 presidential election]], against Democratic candidates [[Joe Biden]], [[Dick Gephardt]], [[Paul Simon (politician)|Paul Simon]], [[Jesse Jackson]], and [[Michael Dukakis]] (who eventually won the Democratic nomination). Despite eventual defeat, Gore, who came in a third place, was one of the front-runners that year. Al Gore, at that time, represented the [[Southern Democrats]] and some of the [[Conservative Democrats]] in 1980s.
 {{Al Gore series}}
 ==Announcement==
-On April 11, 1987, Senator Gore of Tennessee announced his candidacy. He stated that he believed he could offer "clearer goals" than the other candidates.<ref>{{cite web |title=GORE ANNOUNCES PLAN TO DECLARE FOR THE PRESIDENCY LATER IN SPRING (Published 1987) |website=[[The New York Times]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304051008/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/11/us/gore-announces-plan-to-declare-for-the-presidency-later-in-spring.html?pagewanted=print |archive-date=2020-03-04 |url-status=live |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/11/us/gore-announces-plan-to-declare-for-the-presidency-later-in-spring.html?pagewanted=print}}</ref> During the Democratic debate, Gore argued that his foreign policy platform was different from his rivals, but they disagreed. " 'I reject Gore's efforts to try to pin labels,' Representative Richard A. Gephardt of Missouri told reporters after the event."<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/06/us/gore-s-foreign-policy-not-as-different-as-he-says-rivals.html?pagewanted=print Gore's Foreign Policy Not as Different as He Says, Rivals]</ref>  At the time of the announcement, Senator Gore was 39 years old, making him the "youngest serious Presidential candidate since [[John F. Kennedy]]."<ref name=nytjan21 >{{Cite news
+On April 11, 1987, Senator Gore of Tennessee announced his candidacy. He stated that he believed he could offer, "clearer goals" than the other candidates.<ref>{{cite news |title=GORE ANNOUNCES PLAN TO DECLARE FOR THE PRESIDENCY LATER IN SPRING (Published 1987) |work=The New York Times |date=11 April 1987 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304051008/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/11/us/gore-announces-plan-to-declare-for-the-presidency-later-in-spring.html?pagewanted=print |archive-date=2020-03-04 |url-status=live |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/11/us/gore-announces-plan-to-declare-for-the-presidency-later-in-spring.html?pagewanted=print |last1=Gailey |first1=Phil }}</ref>
-  |author =Warren Weaver Jr.
-  |title = Gore as Candidate: Traveler Between 2 Worlds
-  |date =January 21, 1988
-  |newspaper =The New York Times
-  |url =https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/21/us/gore-as-candidate-traveler-between-2-worlds.html?pagewanted=all
-  }}</ref>
 Gore was further described by ''[[The New York Times]]'' as: {{quote|solidly built, dark and indisputably handsome. He has a powerful sweet tooth but keeps his weight under control by running several miles a day at dawn. His stump speaking is erratic, one night spirited and evocative and the next flat and routine. He is an indifferent platform joke-teller but can be a raconteur and mimic of some skill in the privacy of his chartered campaign plane. National analysts make Senator Gore a long-shot for the Presidential nomination, but many believe he could provide a natural complement for any of the other candidates: a young, attractive, moderate Vice Presidential nominee from the South. He currently denies any interest, but he carefully does not reject the idea out of hand.<ref name=nytjan21/>}}
+At the time of the announcement, Senator Gore was 39 years old, making him the "youngest serious Presidential candidate since John F. Kennedy."<ref name=nytjan21 >{{Cite news |author =Warren Weaver Jr. |title = Gore as Candidate: Traveler Between 2 Worlds |date =January 21, 1988 |newspaper =The New York Times |url =https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/21/us/gore-as-candidate-traveler-between-2-worlds.html?pagewanted=all}}</ref>
 ==Campaign==
 According to [[CNN]], Gore ran his campaign as, "a Southern centrist, [who] opposed federal funding for abortion. He favored a moment of silence for prayer in the schools and voted against banning the interstate sale of handguns."<ref name="The first presidential run">[http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2000/democracy/gore/stories/gore/index2.html The first presidential run] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070101160034/http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2000/democracy/gore/stories/gore/index2.html |date=2007-01-01 }}</ref> In addition, CNN notes, "in 1988, for the first time, 12 Southern states would hold their primaries on the same day, Super Tuesday.
-As the only other Southern candidate, Gore chose to criticize rival Jesse Jackson often. Gore began to criticize Jackson for his Mid-East policies.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gore Assails Dukakis Over Jackson (Published 1988) |website=[[The New York Times]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228235302/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/04/us/gore-assails-dukakis-over-jackson.html |archive-date=2020-02-28 |url-status=live |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/04/us/gore-assails-dukakis-over-jackson.html}}</ref> In particular, "Albert Gore Jr. assailed Mr. Jackson's foreign policy views and said he was 'dismayed' by Mr. Jackson's 'embrace of [[Yasser Arafat|Arafat]] and [[Fidel Castro|Castro]]'."<ref name="query.nytimes.com">{{cite web |title=Gore Assails Jackson on View of Israel (Published 1988) |website=[[The New York Times]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228230222/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/30/us/gore-assails-jackson-on-view-of-israel.html?pagewanted=print |archive-date=2020-02-28 |url-status=live |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/30/us/gore-assails-jackson-on-view-of-israel.html?pagewanted=print}}</ref> Jackson responded by stating that, "The issue is not whether the Israelis and Palestinians are moral equivalents. Both of them are human beings and both are trapped in the cycle of death and pain. And they are trapped in the cycle of mutual annihilation. I wanted to offer leadership that will move from mutual annihilation to coexistence to break the cycle of death."<ref name="query.nytimes.com" /> Gore was heavily criticized for his attacks against both Jackson and Dukakis.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/15/opinion/on-my-mind-gore-in-the-big-city.html?pagewanted=print ON MY MIND; Gore In the Big City]</ref> Jackson also retracted some of his previous statements.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jackson Seeks To Soften Stand On Middle East (Published 1988) |website=[[The New York Times]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303000109/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/11/us/jackson-seeks-to-soften-stand-on-middle-east.html?pagewanted=print |archive-date=2020-03-03 |url-status=live |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/11/us/jackson-seeks-to-soften-stand-on-middle-east.html?pagewanted=print}}</ref> It was Gore who first mentioned the Massachusetts furlough program Dukakis had supported as Governor by asking him questions in a debate right before the 1988 New York primary, about "weekend passes for convicted criminals"; this later developed into the [[Willie Horton]] pro-[[George H. W. Bush]] [[attack ad]].<ref name="Horton">{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=November 1, 1999 |title=Did Gore Hatch Horton? |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/chatterbox/1999/11/did_gore_hatch_horton.html |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |access-date=October 3, 2017}}</ref> However, unlike commonly believed, Gore did not mention Horton by name.<ref name="Horton"/>
+As the only other Southern candidate, Gore chose to criticize Jackson often. Gore began to criticize Jackson for his Mid-East policies.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gore Assails Dukakis Over Jackson (Published 1988) |work=The New York Times |date=4 April 1988 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228235302/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/04/us/gore-assails-dukakis-over-jackson.html |archive-date=2020-02-28 |url-status=live |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/04/us/gore-assails-dukakis-over-jackson.html |last1=Weinraub |first1=Bernard }}</ref> In particular, "Albert Gore Jr. assailed Mr. Jackson's foreign policy views and said he was 'dismayed' by Mr. Jackson's 'embrace of [[Yasser Arafat|Arafat]] and [[Fidel Castro|Castro]]'."<ref name="query.nytimes.com">{{cite news |title=Gore Assails Jackson on View of Israel (Published 1988) |work=The New York Times |date=30 March 1988 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228230222/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/30/us/gore-assails-jackson-on-view-of-israel.html?pagewanted=print |archive-date=2020-02-28 |url-status=live |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/30/us/gore-assails-jackson-on-view-of-israel.html?pagewanted=print |last1=Weinraub |first1=Bernard }}</ref> Jackson responded by stating that, "The issue is not whether the Israelis and Palestinians are moral equivalents. Both of them are human beings and both are trapped in the cycle of death and pain. And they are trapped in the cycle of mutual annihilation. I wanted to offer leadership that will move from mutual annihilation to coexistence to break the cycle of death."<ref name="query.nytimes.com" /> Gore was heavily criticized for his attacks against both Jackson and Dukakis.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/15/opinion/on-my-mind-gore-in-the-big-city.html?pagewanted=print ON MY MIND; Gore In the Big City]</ref> Jackson also retracted some of his previous statements.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jackson Seeks To Soften Stand On Middle East (Published 1988) |work=The New York Times |date=11 April 1988 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303000109/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/11/us/jackson-seeks-to-soften-stand-on-middle-east.html?pagewanted=print |archive-date=2020-03-03 |url-status=live |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/11/us/jackson-seeks-to-soften-stand-on-middle-east.html?pagewanted=print |last1=Rosenthal |first1=Andrew }}</ref> It was Gore who first mentioned the Massachusetts furlough program Dukakis had supported as Governor by asking him questions in a debate right before the 1988 New York primary, about "weekend passes for convicted criminals"; this later developed into the [[Willie Horton]] pro-[[George H. W. Bush]] [[attack ad]].<ref name="Horton">{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=November 1, 1999 |title=Did Gore Hatch Horton? |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/chatterbox/1999/11/did_gore_hatch_horton.html |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |access-date=October 3, 2017}}</ref> However, unlike commonly believed, Gore did not mention Horton by name.<ref name="Horton"/>
+During the Democratic debate, Gore argued that his foreign policy platform was different from his rivals, but they disagreed. "'I reject Gore's efforts to try to pin labels,' Representative Richard A. Gephardt of Missouri told reporters after the event."<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/06/us/gore-s-foreign-policy-not-as-different-as-he-says-rivals.html?pagewanted=print Gore's Foreign Policy Not as Different as He Says, Rivals]</ref>
-Jackson defeated Gore in the [[South Carolina Primary]], winning, "more than half the total vote, three times that of his closest rival here, Senator Albert Gore Jr. of Tennessee."<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/14/us/jackson-s-triumph-in-south-carolina-illustrates-dramatic-change-since-vote-in-84.html?pagewanted=print Jackson's Triumph in South Carolina Illustrates Dramatic Change Since Vote in '84]</ref> Gore next placed great hope on [[Super Tuesday]]<ref name="The first presidential run" /> where they split the Southern vote: Jackson winning Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi and Virginia; Gore winning Arkansas, North Carolina, Kentucky, Nevada, Tennessee, and Oklahoma.<ref name="senate.gov">[https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Albert_Gore.htm Albert A. Gore, Jr., 45th Vice President (1993-2001)]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/retro/super_tuesday_88.html |title=THE FIRST SUPER TUESDAY |access-date=2017-08-23 |archive-date=2010-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608131916/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/retro/super_tuesday_88.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
+Jackson defeated Gore in the [[South Carolina Primary]], winning, "more than half the total vote, three times that of his closest rival here, Senator Albert Gore Jr. of Tennessee."<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/14/us/jackson-s-triumph-in-south-carolina-illustrates-dramatic-change-since-vote-in-84.html?pagewanted=print Jackson's Triumph in South Carolina Illustrates Dramatic Change Since Vote in '84]</ref> Gore next placed great hope on [[Super Tuesday]]<ref name="The first presidential run" /> where they split the Southern vote: Jackson winning Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi and Virginia; Gore winning Arkansas, North Carolina, Kentucky, Nevada, Tennessee, and Oklahoma.<ref name="senate.gov">{{cite web |title=Albert Arnold Gore, Jr.: 45th Vice President: 1993-2001 |author=Senate Historical Office |website=senate.gov |date=2016-12-22 |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/resources/pdf/Gore,_Albert.pdf |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20170321195508/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/resources/pdf/Gore,_Albert.pdf |archive-date=2017-03-21 |url-status=dead |access-date=2024-02-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/retro/super_tuesday_88.html |title=THE FIRST SUPER TUESDAY |website=[[PBS]] |access-date=2017-08-23 |archive-date=2010-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608131916/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/retro/super_tuesday_88.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>
 ==Dropping out==
-Gore was later endorsed by New York Mayor [[Ed Koch]], who made statements in favor of [[Israel]] and against Jackson. These statements further cast Gore in a negative light.<ref name="The first presidential run" /> The endorsement led voters away from Gore who only received 10% of the vote in the New York Primary. Gore then dropped out of the race.<ref name="senate.gov" /> ''The New York Times'' argued that he lost support due to his attacks against Jackson, Dukakis, and others, as well as for his endorsement by Koch.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/22/opinion/this-gore-campaign-and-the-next.html?pagewanted=print This Gore Campaign, and the Next]</ref>
+The Gore campaign came to a close after Dukakis won the New York primary with 51% of the vote, followed by Jackson at 37%, and Gore only received 10%.{{Better source needed|date=February 2024|reason=An additional reference is needed on the withdrawal itself.}}<ref name="senate.gov"/> ''The New York Times'' argued that he lost support due to his attacks against Jackson, Dukakis, and others, as well as for his endorsement by Koch.<ref>{{cite web |title=This Gore Campaign, and the Next |website=[[The New York Times]] | date=1988-04-22 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/22/opinion/this-gore-campaign-and-the-next.html?pagewanted=print |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20180630000340/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/22/opinion/this-gore-campaign-and-the-next.html?pagewanted=print |archive-date=2018-06-30 |url-status=dead |access-date=2024-02-05}}</ref>
-Gore was eventually able to mend fences with Jesse Jackson, who supported the Clinton-Gore ticket in 1992 and 1996, and who also campaigned for the Gore-Lieberman ticket during the [[Al Gore presidential campaign, 2000|2000 presidential election]].<ref>[http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/03/01/jackson.cnn/index.html Jesse Jackson endorses Gore for president] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424004451/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/03/01/jackson.cnn/index.html |date=2009-04-24 }}</ref><ref>[http://archive.salon.com/politics/feature/2000/12/01/jackson/index.html God bless Jesse Jackson] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090622065457/http://archive.salon.com/politics/feature/2000/12/01/jackson/index.html |date=2009-06-22 }}</ref>  According to some,{{Who|date=February 2024}} Gore's policies had changed in 2000, reflecting his eight years as Vice President.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/features/july-dec00/whocareswhowins.html |title=Presidential Candidates Stances on the Issues |access-date=2017-08-23 |archive-date=2008-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080105094437/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/features/july-dec00/whocareswhowins.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
+Gore was eventually able to mend fences with Jesse Jackson, who supported the Clinton-Gore ticket in 1992 and 1996, and who also campaigned for the Gore-Lieberman ticket during the [[Al Gore presidential campaign, 2000|2000 presidential election]].<ref>[http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/03/01/jackson.cnn/index.html Jesse Jackson endorses Gore for president] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424004451/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/03/01/jackson.cnn/index.html |date=2009-04-24}</ref><ref>[http://archive.salon.com/politics/feature/2000/12/01/jackson/index.html God bless Jesse Jackson] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090622065457/http://archive.salon.com/politics/feature/2000/12/01/jackson/index.html |date=2009-06-22 }}</ref> According to some, Gore's policies had changed in 2000, reflecting his eight years as Vice President.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/features/july-dec00/whocareswhowins.html |title=Presidential Candidates Stances on the Issues |website=[[PBS]] |access-date=2017-08-23 |archive-date=2008-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080105094437/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/features/july-dec00/whocareswhowins.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>
 ==Statewide contests won==
@@ Line 52: / Line 52: @@
 ==Endorsements==
+{{Undue weight section|date=February 2024|to=endorsements viewed negatively by some contemporaries and subsequent figures}}
+th [[Governor of Texas|Texas Governor]], [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Rick Perry]], who at the time was a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] in the [[Texas House of Representatives|Texas State House]], campaigned for Gore during the primaries.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2011/oct/12/michele-bachmann/michele-bachmann-says-rick-perry-co-chaired-al-gor/ |title = Michele Bachmann says Rick Perry co-chaired Al Gore's presidential campaign |accessdate = 2013-01-08 |date = 2011-10-12 |work = PolitiFact Texas |publisher = [[Austin American-Statesman]] |quote = Perry indeed endorsed Gore for president, but he did not hold a campaign leadership post.}}</ref>
+Gore was later endorsed by New York Mayor [[Ed Koch]], who made statements in favor of [[Israel]] and against Jackson. These statements further cast Gore in a negative light.<ref name="The first presidential run" /> The endorsement led voters away from Gore who only received 10% of the vote in the New York Primary.{{cn|date=February 2024}}
 ===Governors===
@@ Line 90: / Line 94: @@
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Al Gore Presidential Campaign, 1988}}
 [[Category:Al Gore|Presidential campaign, 1988]]
-[[Category:1988 United States presidential campaigns]]
+[[Category:1988 Democratic Party (United States) presidential campaigns|Gore]]