Prequel: Difference between revisions
→Films: They aren't really related apart from same director. All of Kevin Smith's films until Clerks 2 are supposed to be in the same universe but wouldn't be classed as prequels or sequels to each other |
Gothicfilm (talk | contribs) Undid revision 490505575 by John J. Bulten (talk) 3 of us agreed previous version was good. Rise is not in continuity with first POTA film, it makes winking allusions to it. |
||
| Line 17: | Line 17: | ||
==List of prequels== |
==List of prequels== |
||
<!--Please keep this entire list under 50 examples, keeping only the most notable ones--> |
<!--Please keep this entire list under 50 examples, keeping only the most notable ones--> |
||
{{legend|gainsboro|size=70%|''Works with darker gray background shading have been primarily described as a [[reboot (fiction)|reboot]], [[remake]], or [[sequel]] |
{{legend|gainsboro|size=70%|''Works with darker gray background shading have been primarily described as a [[reboot (fiction)|reboot]], [[remake]], or [[sequel]], but have also been regarded as prequels in a broad sense of the word.''}} |
||
===Literature=== |
===Literature=== |
||
Revision as of 00:58, 4 May 2012
A prequel is a literary, dramatic, or filmic work whose story precedes that of a previous work,[1][2] by focusing on events that occur before the original narrative.[3] If Y is a prequel to X, then Y's storyline precedes X's, yet Y is released at a later date than X. Therefore, a prequel is a work that forms part of a back-story to the preceding work. Like sequels, prequels may or may not concern the same plot as the work from which they are derived. Often, they explain the background which led to the events in the original, but sometimes the connections are not as explicit. Sometimes, prequels play on the fact that the audience knows what will happen next, using deliberate references to create dramatic irony. The term is a 20th-century neologism, and a portmanteau from pre- (from Latin prae, "before") and -quel as in sequel (a supplementing work, especially one with a setting later than its predecessor's, from the Latin sequela, that which follows).[1][2]
History
Though the word "prequel" is of recent origin, works fitting this concept existed long before. The Cypria, presupposing hearers' acquaintance with the events of the Homeric epic, confined itself to what preceded the Iliad, and thus formed a kind of introduction. According to the Oxford English Dictionary the word "prequel" first appeared in print in 1958 in an article by Anthony Boucher in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, used to describe James Blish's novel They Shall Have Stars. The term came into general usage in the 1970s and 80s.[2]
Its first known use in film was in the original press pack for The Godfather Part II (1974), where it is used to describe the sections of the film that take place before the events of The Godfather. Francis Ford Coppola credits George Lucas with devising the term, which Lucas and Steven Spielberg later used to describe the opening sequence of their joint project Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989) during publicity for its release.[4][need quotation to verify] Butch and Sundance: The Early Days (1979) may have inaugurated the term "prequel" into the mainstream.[5] The term has since been popularized by the Star Wars prequel trilogy (1999-2005).[6][unreliable source?]
Usage
Rather than being a concept distinct from that of a sequel, a prequel still adheres to the general principle of serialization, defined only by its internal chronology and publication order. For example, the Star Wars episodes were released in the order IV-VI followed by I-III; Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace (1999) is a prequel to Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi (1983) but, under the dictionary definition, is only a predecessor rather than a prequel of Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones (2002) due to release order.
Sometimes "prequel" describes followups where it is not always possible to apply a label defined solely in terms of intertextuality.[7] In the case of The Godfather Part II, the narrative combines elements of a prequel with those of a more generalized sequel by having two intercut narrative strands, one continuing from the first film (the mafia family story under the leadership of Michael Corleone), and one, completely separate, detailing events that precede it (the story of his father Vito Corleone in his youth). In this sense the film can be regarded as a "prequel and a sequel" (i.e., both a prior and a continuing story), and is often referred to in this manner.[7] Star Trek (2009) has also been referred to as a "prequel",[8] although the film has a narrative much more complex than that of a typical prequel, sharing traits with that of a sequel and a remake too. In the film an elderly Spock enters a parallel universe at an earlier point in the timeline, which results in him encountering his younger counterpart along with the other younger incarnations of the crew of the Enterprise. Besides depicting an early adventure of the crew, it still operates as a sequel by depicting a later adventure of the Spock character, and by altering the history of the characters it also partially remakes the original series. Due to these conflicting factors, it has been argued that the film is not a prequel to the series, but in fact a parallel development to it.[9]
Similarly, in the original Planet of the Apes series, even though the latter three films depict events chronologically prior to those of the first film, the narrative itself is continuous. The latter installments (Escape,[10] Conquest,[11][12] and Battle[13]) are sometimes called "prequels"[14][15] as satisfying the definition of "prequel" in one way, and they are also sequels defined both broadly (as later installments) and narrowly (as continuation of the previously established storyline).[1]
In recent times the term "prequel" has also been applied to origin-story reboots, such as Rise of the Planet of the Apes, Batman Begins, and Casino Royale.[16][17] The creators of both Batman Begins and Rise of the Planet of the Apes also stated their intent to dispense with the continuity of the previous films so they would exist as separate pieces of work, with Christopher Nolan—director of Batman Begins—explicitly stating he does not consider it a prequel.[17][18] Here, "prequel" denotes status as a "franchise-renewing original" that depicts events earlier in the (internally inconsistent) narrative cycle than those of a previous installment.[17] Some reviewers require that a prequel must lead up to the beginning of its original work,[3] which is inconsistent with works that dispense with the narrative of previous work and are not significantly within the same continuity.
List of prequels
Literature
Plays
| Prequel | Original |
|---|---|
| The Mystery of Hamlet King of Denmark (1949) | Hamlet (c. 1600) |
| Homelife (2007) | The Zoo Story (1958) |
Films
Television series
| Prequel | Original |
|---|---|
| Ponderosa (2001–2002) | Bonanza (1959–1973) |
| Star Trek: Enterprise (2001–2005) | Star Trek: The Original Series (1966–1969) |
| First of the Summer Wine (1988–1989) | Last of the Summer Wine (1973–2010) |
| Walking with Monsters (2005) | Walking with Dinosaurs (1999) |
| Etheria (2005–2006)[19] | Encantadia (2005) |
| Caprica (2010) | Battlestar Galactica (miniseries) (2003) |
| Clifford's Puppy Days (2003–2006) | Clifford the Big Red Dog (2000–2003) |
| Young Hercules (1998–1999) | Hercules: The Legendary Journeys (1995–1999) |
| Meerkat Manor: The Story Begins (2008) | Meerkat Manor (2005–2008) |
| Rock & Chips (2010–2011) | Only Fools & Horses (1981–2003) |
| Spartacus: Gods of the Arena (2011) | Spartacus: Blood and Sand (2010) |
Comics
| Prequel | Original |
|---|---|
| Superboy (1945–) | Action Comics (1938–) Superman (1939–) |
| All Star Batman and Robin the Boy Wonder (2005) | Batman: The Dark Knight Returns (1986) |
| The Man Who Falls (1989) | Batman: Year One (1987) |
| Batman and the Monster Men (2005–2006) Batman and the Mad Monk (2006–2007) Batman: The Man Who Laughs (2005) |
Batman: The Long Halloween (1996–1997) Batman: Dark Victory (1999–2000) |
| The Kingdom (1999) | Kingdom Come (1996) |
| Marvel Nemesis: Rise of the Imperfects (comics) (2005–2006) | Marvel Nemesis: Rise of the Imperfects (2005) |
| Marvel Zombies vs. The Army of Darkness (2007) Marvel Zombies: Dead Days (2007) |
Marvel Zombies (2005–2006) |
| Mr. and Mrs. Spider-Man (2008–2009) | Spider-Girl (1998–1999) Amazing Spider-Girl (2006–2009) |
| Tales of the Jedi: The Golden Age of the Sith (1997) Tales of the Jedi: The Fall of the Sith Empire (1998) |
Tales of the Jedi series (1994–1996) |
Computer and video games
Manga and anime
| Prequel | Original |
|---|---|
| Fist of the Blue Sky (2001–current) | Fist of the North Star (1983–1988) |
| Fushigi Yuugi Genbu Kaiden (2003–current) | Fushigi Yuugi (1992–1996) |
| Dragon Ball Z: Bardock – The Father of Goku (1990) |
Dragon Ball (1986–1989) |
| Rozen Maiden: Ouvertüre (2006) |
Rozen Maiden (2004) |
| Hellsing: The Dawn (2001–current) | Hellsing (1997–current) |
| Saint Seiya Episode.G (2002) | Saint Seiya (1986–1991) |
| Saint Seiya: Next Dimension (2006–current) Saint Seiya: The Lost Canvas (2006–current) |
Saint Seiya Episode.G (2002–on hiatus) Saint Seiya (1986–1991) |
Cross-media
See also
References
- ^ a b c Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (10th ed.). Merriam-Webster. 1993. pp. 921, 915, 1068, 246.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|city=ignored (|location=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d e f g "prequel, n.". [[Oxford English Dictionary]] (online) (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. March 2012 [March 2007]. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
{{cite book}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help) - ^ a b Silverblatt, Art (2007). Genre Studies in Mass Media: A Handbook. M. E. Sharpe. p. 211. ISBN 9780765616708.
Prequels focus on the action that took place before the original narrative. For instance, in Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith the audience learns about how Darth Vader originally became a villain. A prequel assumes that the audience is familiar with the original—the audience must rework the narrative so that they can understand how the prequel leads up to the beginning of the original.
- ^ a b Smith, Jim; Hardy, Rebecca (2003). "Virgin Film: George Lucas". ISBN 9780753507551.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ a b Burgess, Steve (1999-06-26). "Richard Lester: A Hard Day's Life".
Lester may also have locked up the dubious distinction of inaugurating the term 'prequel' in 1979 when he directed 'Butch and Sundance: The Early Days.'
- ^ Deever, Chris (28 May 2001). "On prequels and The Prequel". TruthInStuff. Archived from the original on 1 January 2004.
- ^ a b c Jess-Cooke, Carolyn (2009). Film Sequels: Theory and Practice from Hollywood to Bollywood. Edinburgh University Press. p. 6. ISBN 9780748626038.
- ^ a b Hemmingson, Michael (2009). Star Trek: A Post-Structural Critique of the Original Series. Wildside Press. p. 114. ISBN 9781434403490.
- ^ a b Klawans, Stuart (2009). "Live Long and Prosper". The Nation. Vol. 288–289. p. 43.
The new Star Trek is not a prequel.
- ^ Dirks, Tim. "Science Fiction Films Part 5". AMC Filmsite.
- ^ Britt, Ryan. "Who's Your Caesar? Rewatching Conquest of the Planet of the Apes". Macmillan Publishing.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Matheou, Demetrios (August 14, 2011), "Ascent of Ape", The Sunday Herald, Washington, D.C.,
Aficionados of the original series of five films will know that a prequel already exists, namely Conquest Of The Planet Of The Apes.
- ^ Kelly, Chris (2006-12-10). "Hannibal Rising Something Something George Bush". Huffington Post.
- ^ Slotkin, Richard (1998). "Foreword". In Greene, Eric; Slotkin, Richard (eds.). Planet of the Apes as American Myth: Race, Politics, and Popular Culture. Wesleyan University Press. p. vii. ISBN 9780819563293.
- ^ Shirey, Eric (2011-04-14). "Interview with "Planet Of the Apes" Comic Book Writer Daryl Gregory: New Series Takes Us Way Back to the Monkey Planet". Yahoo!.
- ^ a b Associated Press. "With the documentary 'Chimpanzee' opening, a look at 5 prime primate movies". The Washington Post. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
- ^ a b c Sutton, Paul (2010). "8. Prequel: The "Afterwardsness" of the Sequel". In Jess-Cooke, Carolyn; Verevis, Constantine (eds.). Second Takes: Critical Approaches to the Film Sequel. State University of New York Press. pp. 139–152. ISBN 9781438430294.
- ^ Keegan, Rebecca (11 August 2011). "'Rise of the Planet of the Apes': 21 nods to classic 'Apes'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
- ^ "ETHERIA: A Sequel or a Prequel?". The Gazette. Cavite State University. 2006-01-15.
- ^ Mielke, James (16 November 2007). "Previews: Ninja Gaiden 2, "This is a new story starring Ryu Hayabusa. It takes place after Ninja Gaiden 1 for Xbox, and before the timeframe of the old Ninja Gaiden games on the NES."". 1Up.com. Retrieved 4 July 2008.
- ^ Luke, Anderson (23 May 2008). "Ninja Gaiden II: Q&A with Tomonobu Itagaki, "In story chronology as well, this takes place after the first Ninja Gaiden for Xbox and then after the story of this game it leads into the old NES ones, so I think we have a nice continuity there."". Gamespot. Retrieved 4 July 2008.
- ^ Impact, 2004 http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/150546, retrieved 28 April 2012,
Working Title, Universal and I ... chose to make a prequel, something that took place before the Thunderbirds that everyone knows and loves.
{{citation}}: Missing or empty|title=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ The Telegraph