Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta National Park: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
m |
Mateo.gable (talk | contribs) ←Redirected page to Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
||
| (19 intermediate revisions by 14 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| ⚫ | |||
{{Infobox protected area |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| alt_name = Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta National Natural Park |
|||
| iucn_category = II |
|||
| photo = Sierra nevada.JPG |
|||
| photo_alt = |
|||
| photo_caption = |
|||
| photo_width = |
|||
| map = |
|||
| map_alt = |
|||
| map_caption = |
|||
| map_width = |
|||
| location = |
|||
| nearest_city = [[Santa Marta]], [[Colombia]] |
|||
| lat_d = |
|||
| lat_m = |
|||
| lat_s = |
|||
| lat_NS = |
|||
| long_d = |
|||
| long_m = |
|||
| long_s = |
|||
| long_EW = |
|||
| coords = {{coor|10|52|N|73|43|W|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} |
|||
| coords_ref = |
|||
| region = |
|||
| area = {{convert|3830|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} |
|||
| established = 1964 |
|||
| visitation_num = |
|||
| visitation_year = |
|||
| governing_body = [[Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas de Colombia|SINAP]] |
|||
| world_heritage_site = |
|||
| url = |
|||
}} |
|||
The '''Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta National Natural Park''' ({{lang-es|Parque Nacional Natural Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta}}) is [[Colombia]]'s second oldest [[national park]], established in 1964.<ref name="IUCN127">{{harvnb|IUCN|1982|p=127}}</ref> It is located in the [[Cordillera Oriental (Colombia)|Cordillera Oriental range]], between the departments of [[La Guajira Department|La Guajira]], [[Magdalena Department|Magdalena]] and [[Cesar Department |Cesar]], in the mountain range of the [[Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta]]. It is a sanctuary as well as a tourist attraction, because it offers different climate, terrain, flora and fauna environments, ranging from [[beach]]es to snowy mountain peaks. |
|||
==General== |
|||
It belongs geographically to the [[Amazon Basin]], but it is [[Hydrography|hydrographically]] a part of the [[Orinoco|Orinoco River]] basin.<ref name="Villegas381">{{harvnb|Villegas|Sesana|2007| p=381}}</ref> Roughly 1.2 million people are dependent upon the freshwater supplied by important river such as [[Cesar River|Cesar]], Don Diego, Palomino, Aracataca and Tucurinca.<ref name="Nature" /><ref name="IUCN127" /> There are currently about 30,000 [[indigenous peoples|indigenous people]] of the ethnic groups [[Koguis]], [[Arhuacos]], [[Kankuamos]] and [[Wiwa]] living in the area.<ref name="Parque Nacional" /> This park is also home to the remnants of the [[Tairona|Tairona Culture]]. In 1979 the park was designated a [[Man and the Biosphere Programme|Biosphere reserve]] by [[UNESCO]].<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=COL+03&mode=all |
|||
| title = Biosphere Reserve Information, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
|||
| publisher = [[UNESCO]] |
|||
| accessdate = 11 July 2010 |
|||
}}</ref><ref name="Parque Nacional" /> |
|||
==Climate== |
|||
It is calculated that the yearly average rainfall is 4000 mm at elevations of {{convert|500|m|ft|abbr=on}} to {{convert|1500|m|ft|abbr=on}} [[above mean sea level]].<ref name="Villegas381" /> The temperature varies between 0°C and 27°C.<ref name="Parque Nacional">{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=01.020224 |
|||
| title = Parque Nacional Natural Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
|||
| publisher = Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia |
|||
| accessdate = 10 July 2010 |
|||
| language = Spanish |
|||
}}</ref> |
|||
==Flora and fauna== |
|||
The tropical rainforest is made up of perennial trees, with a canopy reaching between {{convert|30|m|ft|abbr=on}} to {{convert|40|m|ft|abbr=on}}. There is a great variety and large populations of [[epiphyte]]s and [[liana]]s,<ref name="Villegas381" /> and more than 3,000 species of [[vascular plant]]s are found in the area.<ref name="Nature">{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://www.nature.org/wherewework/southamerica/colombia/work/art5303.html |
|||
| title = Colombia: places we protect, Serria Nevada de Santa Marta |
|||
| publisher = [[The Nature Conservancy]] |
|||
| accessdate = 11 July 2010 |
|||
}}</ref> The indigenous peoples the make an alcoholic beverage from fruits of the palm ''[[Attalea maripa]]'' found at the lower elevations.<ref name="Villegas381" /> |
|||
Of Colombia's 340 endemic species, 44 are found in the park, for example seven species of endemic hummingbirds. Of the 3,057 endangered species, 44 are found here.<ref name="Science">{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=02.012503 |
|||
| title = Nature and Science |
|||
| publisher = Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia |
|||
| accessdate = 11 July 2010 |
|||
}}</ref> The area is home to 440 species of birds,<ref name="Villegas381" /> including [[Black-fronted Wood-quail]], [[King Vulture]], [[Andean Condor]], [[Santa Marta Warbler]], [[Santa Marta Parakeet]].<ref name="Science" /> Mammals found in the park include: [[tapir]], [[cougar]], [[jaguar]], [[squirrel]], ''[[Transandinomys talamancae]]'', [[otter]], and [[brocket deer]].<ref name="Science" /> |
|||
==Footnotes== |
|||
{{Reflist|2}} |
|||
==References== |
|||
*{{citation |last=IUCN |first= |authorlink=International Union for Conservation of Nature |year=1982 |title=IUCN directory of neotropical protected areas |publisher=IUCN |isbn=9780907567622|postscript=.|language=Spanish and English|url=http://www.archive.org/details/iucndirectoryofn82iucn}} |
|||
*{{citation|last=Villegas|first=Benjamin|last2=Sesana|first2=Laura|year=2007 |title=Colombia Natural Parks|publisher=Villegas Asociados |isbn=9789588156873|postscript=.|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=HoDPr04hHCQC}} |
|||
==External links== |
|||
*[http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=01.020224 The parks page at Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia] {{es icon}} |
|||
{{Protected areas of Colombia}} |
|||
[[Category:National parks of Colombia]] |
|||
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1964]] |
|||
[[Category:La Guajira Department]] |
|||
[[Category:Magdalena Department]] |
|||
[[Category:Cesar Department]] |
|||
[[es:Parque Nacional Natural Puracé]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 16:40, 6 March 2013
Redirect to: