Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta National Park: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox protected area |
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| name = Parque Nacional Natural Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
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| alt_name = Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta National Natural Park |
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| iucn_category = II |
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| photo = Sierra nevada.JPG |
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| photo_alt = |
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| photo_caption = [[Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta]] viewed from [[Valledupar]], Colombia |
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| photo_width = |
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| map = Colombia relief |
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| map_alt = |
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| map_caption = |
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| map_width = |
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| location = |
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| nearest_city = [[Santa Marta]], [[Colombia]] |
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| lat_d = 10 |
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| lat_m = 52 |
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| lat_s = |
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| lat_NS = N |
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| long_d = 73 |
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| long_m = 43 |
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| long_s = |
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| long_EW = W |
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| coords = |
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| coords_ref = |
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| region = |
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| area = {{convert|3830|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} |
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| established = 1964 |
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| visitation_num = |
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| visitation_year = |
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| governing_body = [[National System of Protected Areas (Colombia)|SINAP]] |
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| world_heritage_site = |
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| url = |
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}} |
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The '''Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta National Natural Park''' ({{lang-es|Parque Nacional Natural Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta}}) is [[Colombia]]'s second oldest [[national park]], established in 1964.<ref name="IUCN127">{{harvnb|IUCN|1982|p=127}}</ref> It is located in the [[Cordillera Oriental (Colombia)|Cordillera Oriental range]], between the departments of [[La Guajira Department|La Guajira]], [[Magdalena Department|Magdalena]] and [[Cesar Department|Cesar]], in the mountain range of the [[Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta]]. It is a sanctuary as well as a tourist attraction, because it offers different climate, terrain, flora and fauna environments, ranging from [[beach]]es to snowy mountain peaks. |
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==General== |
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<!-- It belongs geographically to the [[Amazon Basin]], but it is [[Hydrography|hydrographically]] a part of the [[Orinoco|Orinoco River]] basin.<ref name="Villegas381">{{harvnb|Villegas|Sesana|2007| p=381}}</ref> -->All the water courses that originate in the national park drain to the Caribbean sea whether directly (e. g. rivers Ranchería, Don Diego, Palomino, Buritaca, Guachaca, Cañas, etc.) or through the [[Magdalena River]] system that includes the [[Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta]], (e. g., rivers [[Cesar River|Cesar]], Ariguaní, Fundación, Frío, Aracataca, etc.). Roughly 1.2 million people are dependent upon the freshwater supplied by the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta rivers.<ref name="IUCN127" /><ref name="Nature" /> There are currently about 30,000 [[indigenous peoples|indigenous people]] of the ethnic groups [[Koguis]], [[Arhuacos]], [[Kankuamos]] and [[Wiwa]] living in the area.<ref name="Parque Nacional" /> This park is also home to the remnants of the [[Tairona|Tairona Culture]]. In 1979 the park was designated a [[Man and the Biosphere Programme|Biosphere reserve]] by [[UNESCO]].<ref name="Parque Nacional" /><ref name="UNESCO">{{Cite web |
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| url = http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=COL+03&mode=all |
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| title = Biosphere Reserve Information, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
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| publisher = [[UNESCO]] |
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| accessdate = 11 July 2010 |
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}}</ref> |
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==Climate== |
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It is calculated that the yearly average rainfall is 4000 mm at elevations of {{convert|500|m|ft|abbr=on}} to {{convert|1500|m|ft|abbr=on}} [[above mean sea level]].<ref name="Villegas381">{{harvnb|Villegas|Sesana|2007| p=381}}</ref> The temperature varies between 0°C and 27°C.<ref name="Parque Nacional">{{Cite web |
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| url = http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=01.020224 |
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| title = Parque Nacional Natural Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
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| publisher = Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia |
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| accessdate = 10 July 2010 |
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| language = Spanish |
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}}</ref> |
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==Flora and fauna== |
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The tropical rainforest is made up of perennial trees, with a canopy reaching between {{convert|30|m|ft|abbr=on}} to {{convert|40|m|ft|abbr=on}}. There is a great variety and large populations of [[epiphyte]]s and [[liana]]s,<ref name="Villegas381" /> and more than 3,000 species of [[vascular plant]]s are found in the area.<ref name="Nature">{{Cite web |
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| url = http://www.nature.org/wherewework/southamerica/colombia/work/art5303.html |
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| title = Colombia: places we protect, Serria Nevada de Santa Marta |
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| publisher = [[The Nature Conservancy]] |
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| accessdate = 11 July 2010 |
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}}</ref> The indigenous peoples the make an alcoholic beverage from fruits of the palm ''[[Attalea maripa]]'' found at the lower elevations.<ref name="Villegas381" /> |
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Of Colombia's 340 endemic species, 44 are found in the park, for example seven species of endemic hummingbirds. Of the 3,057 endangered species, 44 are found here by Hitler.<ref name="Science">{{Cite web |
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| url = http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=02.012503 |
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| title = Nature and Science |
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| publisher = Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia |
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| accessdate = 11 July 2010 |
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}}</ref> The area is home to 440 species of birds,<ref name="Villegas381" /> including [[Black-fronted Wood-quail]], [[King Vulture]], [[Andean Condor]], [[Santa Marta Warbler]], [[Santa Marta Parakeet]].<ref name="Science" /> Mammals found in the park include: [[tapir]], [[cougar]], [[jaguar]], [[squirrel]], ''[[Transandinomys talamancae]]'', [[otter]], and [[brocket deer]].<ref name="Science" /> |
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==Footnotes== |
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{{Reflist|2}} |
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==References== |
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*{{Citation |last=IUCN |first= |authorlink=International Union for Conservation of Nature |year=1982 |title=IUCN directory of neotropical protected areas |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-0-907567-62-2|postscript=.|language=Spanish and English|url=http://www.archive.org/details/iucndirectoryofn82iucn}} |
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*{{Citation|last=Villegas|first=Benjamin|last2=Sesana|first2=Laura|year=2007 |title=Colombia Natural Parks|publisher=Villegas Asociados |isbn=978-958-8156-87-3|postscript=.|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=HoDPr04hHCQC}} |
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==External links== |
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*[http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=01.020224 The parks page at Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia] {{es icon}} |
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{{Protected areas of Colombia}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2010}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Sierra Nevada De Santa Marta National Park}} |
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[[Category:National parks of Colombia]] |
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[[Category:Protected areas established in 1964]] |
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[[Category:La Guajira Department]] |
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[[Category:Magdalena Department]] |
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[[Category:Cesar Department]] |
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[[Category:1964 establishments in Colombia]] |
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[[es:Parque nacional natural Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta]] |
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[[ru:Сьерра-Невада-де-Санта-Марта (национальный парк)]] |
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[[uk:Національний парк Сьєрра-Невада-де-Санта-Марта]] |
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Latest revision as of 16:40, 6 March 2013
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