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{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat2|name=[[Hurricane Arthur (2014)|Arthur]]|dates=July&nbsp;1 – July&nbsp;5|max-winds=100 (155)|min-press=973|areas=[[The Bahamas]], [[East Coast of the United States|United States East Coast]] ('''[[North Carolina]]'''), [[Atlantic Canada]] ('''[[Nova Scotia]]''')|damage=13.9|deaths=1<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/arthur-power-outage-may-have-contributed-to-woodstock-death-1.2701077|title=Arthur power outage may have contributed to Woodstock death|date=July 9, 2014|accessdate=July 10, 2014|publisher=[[CBC News]]}}</ref>}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat2|name=[[Hurricane Arthur (2014)|Arthur]]|dates=July&nbsp;1 – July&nbsp;5|max-winds=100 (155)|min-press=973|areas=[[The Bahamas]], [[East Coast of the United States|United States East Coast]] ('''[[North Carolina]]'''), [[Atlantic Canada]] ('''[[Nova Scotia]]''')|damage=13.9|deaths=1<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/arthur-power-outage-may-have-contributed-to-woodstock-death-1.2701077|title=Arthur power outage may have contributed to Woodstock death|date=July 9, 2014|accessdate=July 10, 2014|publisher=[[CBC News]]}}</ref>}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=depression|name=Two|dates=July&nbsp;21 – July&nbsp;23|max-winds=35 (55)|min-press=1012|areas=None|damage=None|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=depression|name=Two|dates=July&nbsp;21 – July&nbsp;23|max-winds=35 (55)|min-press=1012|areas=None|damage=None|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat1|name=Bertha|dates=August&nbsp;1 – August&nbsp;6|max-winds=80 (130)|min-press=998|areas=[[Lesser Antilles]] ('''[[Martinique]]'''), [[Puerto Rico]], [[Dominican Republic]] ('''[[La Altagracia Province|La Altagracia]]'''), [[Turks and Caicos Islands]], [[The Bahamas]], [[Atlantic Canada]], [[Europe]]|damage=Unknown|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat1|name=Bertha|dates=August&nbsp;1 – August&nbsp;6|max-winds=80 (130)|min-press=998|areas=[[Lesser Antilles]] ('''[[Martinique]]'''), [[Puerto Rico]], [[Dominican Republic]] ('''[[La Altagracia Province|La Altagracia]]'''), [[Turks and Caicos Islands]], [[The Bahamas]], [[Atlantic Canada]], [[Uk]]|damage=Unknown|deaths=1<ref>>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2721069/Bertha-s-blast-Remnants-hurricane-tore-Caribbean-brings-torrential-rain-gales-Britain.html|title=Hurricane Bertha claims UK victim: Yachtsman killed after being hit in the head by boat's boom as he sailed in gale-force winds</ref>}}
{{TC stats table end3|num-cyclones=3|dates=July&nbsp;1 – Currently active|max-winds=100 (155)|min-press=973|tot-areas=|tot-damage=$13.9 million|tot-deaths=1}}</center>
{{TC stats table end3|num-cyclones=3|dates=July&nbsp;1 – Currently active|max-winds=100 (155)|min-press=973|tot-areas=|tot-damage=$13.9 million|tot-deaths=2}}</center>


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 17:07, 12 August 2014

2014 Atlantic hurricane season
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formedJuly 1, 2014
Last system dissipatedSeason still active
Strongest storm
NameArthur
 • Maximum winds100 mph (155 km/h)
 • Lowest pressure973 mbar (hPa; 28.73 inHg)
Seasonal statistics
Total depressions3
Total storms2
Hurricanes2
Major hurricanes
(Cat. 3+)		0
Total fatalities1 total
Total damage$13.9 million (2014 USD)
Related article
Atlantic hurricane seasons
2012, 2013, 2014, Post-2014

The 2014 Atlantic hurricane season is an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. The season began on June 1 and will end on November 30; these dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin, though the formation of tropical cyclones is possible at any time. However, the first storm did not develop until a month after the official start of the season.

Seasonal forecasts

Predictions of tropical activity in the 2014 season
Source Date Named Hurricanes Major Ref
Average (1981–2010) 12.1 6.4 2.7 [1]
Record high activity 28 15 7 [2]
Record low activity 4 2† 0† [2]
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
TSR December 12, 2013 14 6 3 [3]
WSI March 24, 2014 11 5 2 [4]
TSR April 7, 2014 12 5 2 [5]
CSU April 10, 2014 9 3 1 [6]
NCSU April 16, 2014 8–11 4–6 1–3 [7]
UKMET May 16, 2014 10* 6* N/A [8]
NOAA May 22, 2014 8–13 3–6 1–2 [9]
FSU COAPS May 29, 2014 5–9 2–6 1–2 [10]
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Actual activity
 2 2 0
* June–November only
† Most recent of several such occurrences. (See all)

Forecasts of hurricane activity are issued before each hurricane season by noted hurricane experts Philip J. Klotzbach, William M. Gray, and their associates at Colorado State University (CSU); and separately by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) forecasters.

Klotzbach's team (formerly led by Gray) defined the average number of storms per season (1981 to 2010) as 12.1 tropical storms, 6.4 hurricanes, 2.7 major hurricanes (storms reaching at least Category 3 strength on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale), and an Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) index of 96.1.[11] NOAA defines a season as above-normal, near-normal or below-normal by a combination of the number of named storms, the number reaching hurricane strength, the number reaching major hurricane strength, and the ACE index.[12]

Pre-season forecasts

On December 13, 2013, Tropical Storm Risk (TSR), a public consortium consisting of experts on insurance, risk management, and seasonal climate forecasting at University College London, issued their first outlook on seasonal hurricane activity during the 2014 season. In their report, the organization called for a near-normal year, with 14 (±4) tropical storms, 6 (±3) hurricanes, 3 (±2) intense hurricanes, and a cumulative ACE index of 106 (±58) units. The basis for such included slightly stronger than normal trade winds and slightly warmer than normal sea surface temperatures across the Caribbean Sea and tropical North Atlantic.[3] A few months later, on March 24, 2014, Weather Services International (WSI), a subsidiary company of The Weather Channel, released their first outlook, calling for 11 named storms, 5 hurricanes, and 2 major hurricanes. Two factors—cooler-than-average waters in the eastern Atlantic, and the likelihood of an El Niño developing during the summer of 2014—were expected to negate high seasonal activity.[4]

On April 7, TSR issued their second extended-range forecast for the season, lowering the predicted numbers to 12 (±4) named storms, 5 (±3) hurricanes, 2 (±2) major hurricanes, and an ACE index of 75 (±57) units.[5] Three days later, CSU issued their first outlook for the year, predicting activity below the 1981–2010 average. Citing a likely El Niño of at least moderate intensity and cooler-than-average tropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures, the organization predicted 9 named storms, 3 hurricanes, 1 major hurricane, and an ACE index of 55 units. The probability of a major hurricane making landfall on the United States or tracking through the Caribbean Sea was expected to be lower than average.[6]

On May 16, the United Kingdom Met Office (UKMO) issued a forecast of a slightly below-average season. It predicted 10 named storms with a 70% chance that the number would be between 7 and 13 and 6 hurricanes with a 70% chance that the number would be between 3 and 9. It also predicted an ACE index of 84 with a 70% chance that the index would be in the range 47 to 121.[8]


Seasonal summary

See also: Timeline of the 2014 Atlantic hurricane season
Hurricane Arthur (2014)Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale

The season's first tropical cyclone, Arthur, developed on July 1, ahead of the long-term climatological average of July 9. Early on July 3, the system intensified into a hurricane, beating the climatological average of August 10.[13] After continuing to steadily intensify, it moved ashore between Cape Lookout and Cape Hatteras as a Category 2 hurricane, becoming the first U.S. landfalling cyclone of that intensity since Hurricane Ike in 2008.[14] Upon moving inland, Arthur became the earliest known hurricane to strike the North Carolina coastline on record.[15] Later in July, Tropical Depression Two developed from a tropical wave in the central Atlantic, but due to the presence of dry air and increasing wind shear, it degenerated east of the Windward Islands without receiving a name. On August 1, the third tropical cyclone of the season, Hurricane Bertha, formed east of the Lesser Antilles. It made various landfalls throughout the Lesser Antilles, including in Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic, before moving north out into the Atlantic and strengthening to a hurricane, even though it had a poor appearance. The storm's pressure was unusually high, too, with the pressure peaking at 998 mbars. Increasing wind shear caused the storm to become extratropical on August 6.[citation needed]

The Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) index for the season as of 1500 UTC (11 a.m. AST) August 6 is 12.0975 units.[nb 1]

Storms

Hurricane Arthur

Main article: Hurricane Arthur (2014)
Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 1 – July 5
Peak intensity100 mph (155 km/h) (1-min);
973 mbar (hPa)

On June 25, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) began monitoring the possibility of tropical cyclogenesis over the next week as an area of low pressure was expected to develop off the Southeast United States.[16] On June 27, a non-tropical low formed over South Carolina and moved southeast,[17] emerging over the far western Atlantic Ocean early the next day.[18] Generally favorable environmental conditions fostered further organization of the low,[19] and in conjunction with satellite and radar data, the disturbance was upgraded to a tropical depression by 0300 UTC on July 1.[20] Based on surface observations from Grand Bahama, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Arthur at 1500 UTC.[21] Data obtained from Air Force Reserve aircraft and radar suggested Arthur's winds had reached hurricane strength, and the tropical storm was upgraded to Hurricane Arthur at 0900 UTC on July 3.[22]

Between June 30 and July 1, the outer bands of Arthur produced light rain over the northwestern Bahamas, with 1.26 in (32 mm) measured in Freeport.[23][24] At 0315 UTC on July 4, Hurricane Arthur made landfall over the Shackleford Banks in North Carolina, between Cape Lookout and Beaufort.[25] Arthur also made landfall in Canada near Port Maitland, Nova Scotia.[26] In Woodstock, New Brunswick, a man died when his oxygen support was cut off during a power outage.

Tropical Depression Two

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 21 – July 23
Peak intensity35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min);
1012 mbar (hPa)

On July 20, the NHC began monitoring a broad area of low pressure in association with a tropical wave located over the eastern Atlantic.[27] Despite initial forecasts of negligible development, shower and thunderstorm activity steadily increased as the system moved swiftly west to west-northwest. In accordance with data from a scatterometer pass and a continued trend in organization, advisories were initiated on a tropical depression at 21:00 UTC on July 21.[28] Over the subsequent two days, no change in strength was observed due to the presence of dry air and increasing wind shear;[29] by 1500 UTC on July 23, deep convection associated with the depression dissipated and the low-level circulation opened up into a trough. Advisories were discontinued as a result.[30]

Hurricane Bertha

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 1 – August 6
Peak intensity80 mph (130 km/h) (1-min);
998 mbar (hPa)

One week after Tropical Depression Two had dissipated, Tropical Storm Bertha was officially declared to be a tropical storm, on August 1 at 0300 UTC, east of the Lesser Antilles.[31] Bertha made its first landfall on the north coast of Martinique, and then it made more landfalls in Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic on the following day, and it later impacted the Bahamas on August 3. On August 4, the Hurricane Hunters flew into the storm and found hurricane-force winds and the National Hurricane Center upgraded Bertha to a Category 1 with winds of 80 mph, even though the storm's appearance was poor and its central pressure reading was fairly high for a hurricane. [32] Later that day, the center of circulation got displaced from the convection, which is very unusual for a hurricane.[33] On August 5, Bertha dropped below hurricane strength due to the loss of deep convection.[34] Bertha gradually weakened due to increasing wind shear. On August 6, The National Hurricane Center issued the last advisory on Bertha, as it weakened to a post-tropical cyclone due to colder waters and a front it was interacting with.[35] The remnants of Hurricane Bertha eventually crossed the UK bringing widespread heavy rain, thunderstorms and gusts of up to 60 mph.[36]

Storm names

The following names will be used for named storms that form in the North Atlantic in 2014. Retired names, if any, will be announced by the World Meteorological Organization in the spring of 2015. The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2020 season. This is the same list used in the 2008 season with the exception of Gonzalo, Isaias, and Paulette, which replaced Gustav, Ike, and Paloma, respectively.

  • Arthur
  • Bertha
  • Cristobal (unused)
  • Dolly (unused)
  • Edouard (unused)
  • Fay (unused)
  • Gonzalo (unused)
  • Hanna (unused)
  • Isaias (unused)
  • Josephine (unused)
  • Kyle (unused)
  • Laura (unused)
  • Marco (unused)
  • Nana (unused)
  • Omar (unused)
  • Paulette (unused)
  • Rene (unused)
  • Sally (unused)
  • Teddy (unused)
  • Vicky (unused)
  • Wilfred (unused)

Season effects

This is a table of all of the storms that have formed during the 2014 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their duration, names, landfall(s)(denoted by bold location names), damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 2014 USD.

Saffir–Simpson scale
TD TS C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
2014 North Atlantic tropical cyclone season statistics
Storm
name 		Dates active Storm category
at peak intensity 		Max 1-min
wind
mph (km/h) 		Min.
press.
(mbar) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Ref(s)
Arthur July 1 – July 5 Category 2 hurricane 100 (155) 973 The Bahamas, United States East Coast (North Carolina), Atlantic Canada (Nova Scotia) 13.9 1[37]
Two July 21 – July 23 Tropical depression 35 (55) 1012 None None None
Bertha August 1 – August 6 Category 1 hurricane 80 (130) 998 Lesser Antilles (Martinique), Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic (La Altagracia), Turks and Caicos Islands, The Bahamas, Atlantic Canada, Uk Unknown 1[38]
Season aggregates
3 systems July 1 – Currently active   100 (155) 973 $13.9 million 2  

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The totals represent the sum of the squares for every tropical storm's intensity of over 33 knots (38 mph, 61 km/h), divided by 10,000. Calculations are provided at Talk:2014 Atlantic hurricane season/ACE calcs.

References

  1. ^ "Background Information: The North Atlantic Hurricane Season". Climate Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. August 9, 2012. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
  2. ^ a b "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. April 5, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2024. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  3. ^ a b Mark Saunders; Adam Lea (December 12, 2013). "Extended Range Forecast for Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2014" (PDF). University College London. Tropical Storm Risk. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
  4. ^ a b Jon Erdman (March 24, 2014). "2014 Hurricane Season Outlook: Another Quiet Season Possible for Atlantic". Weather Services International. The Weather Channel. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
  5. ^ a b Mark Saunders; Adam Lea (April 7, 2014). "April Forecast Update for Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2014" (PDF). University College London. Tropical Storm Risk. Retrieved April 7, 2014.
  6. ^ a b Phillip J. Klotzbach; William M. Gray (April 10, 2014). "Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and Landfall Strike Probability for 2014" (PDF). Colorado State University. Colorado State University. Retrieved April 10, 2014.
  7. ^ Lian Xie (April 16, 2014). "Expect Relatively Quiet Hurricane Season, NC State Researchers Say". North Carolina State University. North Carolina State University. Retrieved April 16, 2014.
  8. ^ a b North Atlantic Tropical Storm Seasonal Forecast 2014 (Report). Exeter, England. May 16, 2014. Retrieved May 22, 2014.
  9. ^ NOAA predicts near-normal or below-normal 2014 Atlantic hurricane season. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 22, 2014. Retrieved May 29, 2014.
  10. ^ "FSU COAPS Atlantic Hurricane Season Forecast". Florida State University Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies. Florida State University. May 22, 2014. Retrieved May 29, 2014. {{cite web}}: Check |archiveurl= value (help)
  11. ^ Philip J. Klotzbach and William M. Gray (December 10, 2008). "Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2009". Colorado State University. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 12, 2009. Retrieved December 13, 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ "NOAA's Atlantic Hurricane Season Classifications". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. National Hurricane Center. May 22, 2008. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
  13. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Climatology". National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  14. ^ Mike Watkins (July 3, 2014). "Arthur makes landfall as a Category 2 Hurricane". HurricaneTrack. HurricaneTrack. Retrieved July 4, 2014.
  15. ^ Wes Hohenstein (July 4, 2014). "Arthur hits NC with 100 mph winds, earliest strike in NC history". WNCN News. WNCN News. Retrieved July 4, 2014.
  16. ^ Stacy R. Stewart (June 25, 2014). Tropical Weather Outlook. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
  17. ^ Eric S. Blake (June 27, 2014). Tropical Weather Outlook. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
  18. ^ Robbie J. Berg (June 28, 2014). Tropical Weather Outlook. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
  19. ^ Daniel P. Brown (June 28, 2014). Tropical Weather Outlook. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
  20. ^ Daniel P. Brown (July 1, 2014). Tropical Depression One Discussion Number 1. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
  21. ^ Stacy R. Stewart (July 1, 2014). Tropical Storm Arthur Discussion Number 3. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
  22. ^ Michael Brennan (July 3, 2014). Hurricane Arthur Discussion Number 10. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 3, 2014.
  23. ^ "Weather History for Freeport, Bahamas: June 30, 2014". Weather Underground. June 30, 2014. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
  24. ^ "Weather History for Freeport, Bahamas: July 1, 2014". Weather Underground. July 1, 2014. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
  25. ^ "Hurricane Arthur makes landfall in North Carolina as Category 2 storm: July 3, 2014". CNN. July 3, 2014. Retrieved July 3, 2014.
  26. ^ "Hurricane Arthur Recap: First Atlantic Hurricane of the 2014 Season". Weather Channel. July 3, 2014. Retrieved July 7, 2014.
  27. ^ John P. Cangialosi; Michael J. Brennan (July 20, 2014). "Tropical Weather Outlook" (TXT). National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 7, 2014.
  28. ^ Michael J. Brennan (July 21, 2014). "Tropical Depression Two Discussion Number 1". National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 7, 2014.
  29. ^ Daniel P. Brown (July 23, 2014). "Tropical Depression Two Discussion Number 7". National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 7, 2014.
  30. ^ Eric S. Blake (July 23, 2014). "Tropical Depression Two Discussion Number 8". National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 7, 2014.
  31. ^ Stacy R. Stewart (July 31, 2014). Tropical Storm Bertha Discussion Number 1. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
  32. ^ "Hurricane BERTHA". Nhc.noaa.gov. 2006-01-25. Retrieved 2014-08-06.
  33. ^ "Hurricane BERTHA". Nhc.noaa.gov. 2006-01-25. Retrieved 2014-08-06.
  34. ^ "Tropical Storm BERTHA". Nhc.noaa.gov. 2006-01-25. Retrieved 2014-08-06.
  35. ^ "Post-Tropical Cyclone BERTHA". Nhc.noaa.gov. 2006-01-25. Retrieved 2014-08-06.
  36. ^ "BERTHA UPDATE - ex-hurricane bringing wet and windy conditions to the UK". Retrieved 2014-08-10.
  37. ^ "Arthur power outage may have contributed to Woodstock death". CBC News. July 9, 2014. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  38. ^ >{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2721069/Bertha-s-blast-Remnants-hurricane-tore-Caribbean-brings-torrential-rain-gales-Britain.html%7Ctitle=Hurricane Bertha claims UK victim: Yachtsman killed after being hit in the head by boat's boom as he sailed in gale-force winds
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