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#REDIRECT [[List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (Sa–Schr)]] |
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{{unreliable sources|date=November 2016}}{{Infobox military person |
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|name=Adalbert Schnee |
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|birth_date={{birth date|1913|12|31|df=y}} |
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|death_date={{death date and age|1982|11|4|1913|12|31|df=y}} |
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|birth_place=[[Berlin]] |
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|death_place=[[Hamburg]] |
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|image=Adalbert Schnee.jpg |
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|caption= |
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|nickname=''Adi'' |
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|allegiance={{flag|Nazi Germany}} |
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|branch={{navy|Nazi Germany}} |
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|serviceyears=1934–45 |
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|rank=''[[Korvettenkapitän]]'' |
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|commands= {{GS|U-6|1935|2}}<br/>{{GS|U-60|1939|2}}<br/>{{GS|U-121|1940|2}}<br/>{{GS|U-201||2}}<br/>{{GS|U-2511||2}} |
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|unit= |
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|battles=[[World War II]] |
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*[[Operation Weserübung]] |
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*[[Battle of the Atlantic (1939-1945)]] |
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|awards=[[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves]]<br/>[[U-boat War Badge]] |
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|laterwork= |
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}} |
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'''Otto Adalbert Schnee''' (31 December 1913 – 4 November 1982) was a ''[[Korvettenkapitän]]'' (corvette captain) with [[Nazi Germany]]'s ''[[Kriegsmarine]]'' during [[World War II]]. He commanded the [[U-boat]]s {{GS|U-6|1935|2}}, {{GS|U-60|1939|2}}, {{GS|U-121|1940|2}}, {{GS|U-201||2}} and {{GS|U-2511||2}}, sinking twenty-one merchant ships on twelve patrols, for a total of {{GRT|90,847|disp=long}} of Allied shipping, and received the [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross#Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves (mit Eichenlaub)|Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves]]. He is thirty-seventh in the list of [[List of successful U-boat commanders|U-Boat ace]]s of World War II. |
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==Career== |
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Schnee joined the ''[[Reichsmarine]]'' in April 1934. After serving aboard the light cruiser {{Ship|German cruiser |Leipzig||2}}, he transferred to the U-boat arm in May 1937. He spent two years on board the [[German Type II submarine|Type IIB U-boat]] {{GS|U-23|1936|2}}, under the command of ''Oberleutnant zur See'' [[Otto Kretschmer]], completing five combat patrols as 1.WO (second-in-command), between October 1939 and January 1940.<ref name="schnee">{{Cite web |
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|url= http://uboat.net/men/schnee.htm |
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|title=''Korvettenkapitän'' Adalbert Schnee |
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|last=Helgason |
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|first=Guðmundur |
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|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |
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|accessdate=29 April 2010 |
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}}</ref> |
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Schnee's first command, from January to July 1940, was the [[German Type II submarine|Type IIA U-boat]] {{GS|U-6|1935|2}},<ref name="schnee"/> in which he sailed on only a single short patrol in April supporting "[[Operation Weserübung]]" (the invasion of Norway).<ref>{{Cite web |
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|url= http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_17.html |
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|title=Patrol of ''U-6'' from 4 April 1940 to 19 April 1940 |
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|last=Helgason |
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|first=Guðmundur |
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|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |
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|accessdate=29 April 2010 |
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}}</ref> |
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His next command, between July and October 1940, was the [[German Type II submarine|Type IIC U-boat]] {{GS|U-60|1939|2}}.<ref name="schnee"/> In her he sailed on three more patrols around the coasts of the [[British Isles]] sinking two ships for a total of 3,188 tons, and damaging one of 15,434 tons.<ref>{{Cite web |
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|url= http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/u60.html |
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|title=War Patrols by ''U-60'' |
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|last=Helgason |
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|first=Guðmundur |
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|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |
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|accessdate=29 April 2010 |
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}}</ref> |
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Schnee commanded the [[German Type II submarine|Type IIB]] training boat {{GS|U-121|1940|2}} during November 1940, but as this class of U-boat were withdrawn from front-line service, in January 1941 Schnee was given command of the newer, larger [[German Type VII submarine|Type VIIC U-boat]] {{GS|U-201||2}}.<ref name="schnee"/> |
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[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101II-MW-4260-37, Lorient, U-Boote U-123 und U-201 auslaufend.jpg|thumb|left|Adalbert Schnee (white cap) on the [[conning tower]] of ''U-201'' as it leaves Lorient on 8 June 1941 for its 2nd war patrol.]] |
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Schnee sailed on seven combat patrols in ''U-201'' between April 1941 and August 1942, sinking 19 merchant ships (totalling 87,001 tons) and damaged two others (13,386 tons). He also sank two British Royal Navy auxiliary warships, the [[fighter catapult ship]] {{HMS|Springbank||6}} and the [[Shakespearian class trawler|anti-submarine naval trawler]] {{HMS|Laertes|T137|6}}. In August 1941 he was awarded the [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]], and in July 1942 with the Oak Leaves.<ref name="schnee"/> |
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In October 1942 Schnee joined the [[Befehlshaber der U-Boote|BdU]] staff. In his position as the ''Geleitzugs-Admiralstabsoffizier'', he planned and organized operations against Allied convoys.<ref name="schnee"/> |
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In September 1944 Schnee took command of the new ''[[Elektroboot]]'' {{GS|U-2511||2}}, one of only two [[German Type XXI submarine|Type XXI U-boats]] to go on patrol ({{GS|U-3008||2}} being the other). ''U-2511''{{'}}s first and only patrol began on 3 May 1945 at [[Bergen]]. The next day Schnee received the cease-fire order, prior to the [[Victory in Europe Day|German surrender]], and a few hours later spotted a group of British warships. Simulating an attack, he evaded the destroyer screen, closed to within {{Convert|500|m}} of the British cruiser {{HMS|Norfolk|78|2}}, and then left the area without being detected. ''U-2511'' returned to Bergen on 5 May to surrender as ordered. Schnee spoke to officers from ''Norfolk'' a few days later, who could not believe that ''U-2511'' was able to get so close without any sonar contact. Schnee is said to have requested a comparison of the respective ships' logs, which confirmed his account. His ''[[Leitender Ingenieur]]'' (chief engineer) on this patrol was [[Gerd Suhren]].<ref name="schnee"/> |
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==Post-war== |
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After the war Schnee served for six months in the [[German Mine Sweeping Administration]]. In October 1945 he was called to testify at the trial of [[Heinz-Wilhelm Eck]] and the officers of {{GS|U-852||2}}, for their actions after the sinking of {{SS|Peleus}}. Although appearing for the defence, Schnee was forced to admit he would not have acted as Eck did. He then worked for some years as a commercial representative before becoming the director of a sailing school on [[Elba]]. He was also for many years the chairman of the ''Verband Deutscher Ubootfahrer'' ("Association of U-boat Crews in Germany"). He died in 1982.<ref name="schnee"/> |
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==Awards== |
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* [[Wehrmacht Long Service Award]] (8 April 1938)<ref>Busch & Röll 2003, p. 151.</ref> |
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* [[Iron Cross]] (1939) |
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** 2nd Class (21 October 1939)<ref name="Busch & Röll p152">Busch & Röll 2003, p. 152.</ref><ref name="Thomas p274">Thomas 1998, p. 274.</ref> |
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** 1st Class (15 August 1940)<ref name="Busch & Röll p152"/><ref name="Thomas p274"/> |
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* [[Sudetenland Medal]] (20 December 1939)<ref name="Busch & Röll p152"/> |
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* [[U-boat War Badge]] (1939) (27 November 1939)<ref name="Busch & Röll p152"/> |
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* [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves]] |
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** Knight's Cross on 30 August 1941 as ''[[Oberleutnant zur See]]'' and commander of ''U-201''<ref>Fellgiebel 2000, p. 384.</ref> |
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** 105th Oak Leaves on 15 July 1942 as ''[[Kapitänleutnant]]'' and commander of ''U-201''<ref>Fellgiebel 2000, p. 60.</ref> |
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==References== |
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===Notes=== |
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{{Reflist|30em}} |
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===Bibliography=== |
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{{refbegin}} |
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* {{Cite book |
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|last1=Busch |
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|first1=Rainer |
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|last2=Röll |
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|first2=Hans-Joachim |
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|year=2003 |
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|work=Der U-Boot-Krieg 1939–1945 |
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|volume=V |
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|title=Die Ritterkreuzträger der U-Boot-Waffe von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 |
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|trans_title=The U-Boat War 1939–1945 — The Knight's Cross Bearers of the U-Boat Force from September 1939 to May 1945 |
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|language=German |
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|location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn Germany |
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|publisher=Verlag E.S. Mittler & Sohn |
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|isbn=978-3-8132-0515-2 |
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}} |
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* {{Cite book |
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|last=Fellgiebel |
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|first=Walther-Peer |
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|authorlink=Walther-Peer Fellgiebel |
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|year=2000 |
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|origyear=1986 |
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|title=Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile |
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|trans_title=The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches |
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|language=German |
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|location=Friedberg, Germany |
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|publisher=Podzun-Pallas |
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|isbn=978-3-7909-0284-6 |
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}} |
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*{{Cite book |
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|last=Thomas |
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|first=Franz |
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|year=1998 |
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|title=Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 2: L–Z |
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|trans_title=The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 2: L–Z |
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|language=German |
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|location=Osnabrück, Germany |
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|publisher=Biblio-Verlag |
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|isbn=978-3-7648-2300-9 |
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}} |
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{{refend}} |
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{{s-start}} |
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{{s-mil}} |
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{{s-bef | before = Kapitänleutnant [[Otto Harms]]}} |
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{{s-ttl | title = Commanding officer, {{GS|U-6|1935|2}} | years = 18/31 January 1940 – 10 July 1940}} |
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{{s-aft | after = Kapitänleutnant [[Georg Peters]]}} |
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{{s-bef | before = Kapitänleutnant [[Georg Schewe]]}} |
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{{s-ttl | title = Commanding officer, {{GS|U-60|1939|2}} | years = 19 July 1940 – 5 November 1940}} |
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{{s-aft | after = Kapitänleutnant [[Georg Wallas]]}} |
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{{s-bef | before = Kapitänleutnant [[Otto Harms]]}} |
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{{s-ttl | title = Commanding officer, {{GS|U-121|1940|2}} | years = 6 November 1940 – 27 November 1940}} |
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{{s-aft | after = Kapitänleutnant [[Egon-Reiner Freiherr von Schlippenbach]]}} |
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{{s-new | first}} |
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{{s-ttl | title = Commanding officer, {{GS|U-201||2}} | years = 25 January 1941 – 24 August 1942}} |
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{{s-aft | after = Kapitänleutnant [[Günter Rosenberg]]}} |
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{{s-new | first}} |
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{{s-ttl | title = Commanding officer, {{GS|U-2511||2}} | years = 29 September 1944 – 8 May 1945}} |
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{{s-non | reason= surrendered}} |
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{{s-end}} |
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{{Subject bar |
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| portal1=Biography |
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| portal2=Military of Germany |
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| portal3=Submarine |
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| portal4=World War II |
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}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Schnee, Adalbert}} |
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[[Category:1913 births]] |
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[[Category:1982 deaths]] |
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[[Category:German military personnel of the Spanish Civil War]] |
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[[Category:Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves]] |
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[[Category:Reichsmarine personnel]] |
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[[Category:People from Kiel]] |
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[[Category:People from the Province of Schleswig-Holstein]] |
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[[Category:U-boat commanders (Kriegsmarine)]] |
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