Template:IPA symbol: Difference between revisions
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<includeonly>{{#invoke:IPA symbol|main|symbol={{{1|}}}|errortext={{{2|}}}|output={{{output|}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> |
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{{#switch:{{StripWhitespace| {{{1| }}}}} |
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<!-- stopS --> |
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| 101 |
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| p = voiceless bilabial stop |
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| 101 408 |
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| p̪ = voiceless labiodental stop |
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| 102 |
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| b = voiced bilabial stop |
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| 102 408 |
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| b̪ = voiced labiodental stop |
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| 103 |
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| t = voiceless alveolar stop |
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| 103 408 |
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| 103 + 408 |
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| t̪ = voiceless dental stop |
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| 104 |
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| d = voiced alveolar stop |
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| 104 408 |
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| 104 + 408 |
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| d̪ = voiced dental stop |
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| t̠ʲ |
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| c̟ |
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| ȶ = voiceless alveolo-palatal stop |
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| d̠ʲ |
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| ɟ̟ |
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| ȡ = voiced alveolo-palatal stop |
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| 105 |
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| ʈ = voiceless retroflex stop |
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| 106 |
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| ɖ = voiced retroflex stop |
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| 107 |
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| c = voiceless palatal stop |
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| 108 |
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| ɟ = voiced palatal stop |
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| 109 |
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| k = voiceless velar stop |
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| 110 |
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| ɡ = voiced velar stop |
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| 111 |
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| q = voiceless uvular stop |
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| 112 |
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| ɢ = voiced uvular stop |
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| 173 |
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| ʡ = epiglottal stop |
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| 113 |
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| ʔ = glottal stop |
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| 103 + 407 |
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| 103 407 |
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| t̼ = voiceless linguolabial stop |
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| 104 + 407 |
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| 104 407 |
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| d̼ = voiced linguolabial stop |
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<!-- NASAL --> |
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| 114 |
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| m = bilabial nasal |
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| 114 402A |
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| m̥ = voiceless bilabial nasal |
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| 115 |
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| ɱ = labiodental nasal |
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| 116 408 |
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| 116 + 408 |
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| n̪ = dental nasal |
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| 116 |
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| n = alveolar nasal |
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| 116 402A |
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| n̥ = voiceless alveolar nasal |
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| 116 414 |
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| n̠ = postalveolar nasal |
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| n̠ʲ |
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| ɲ̟ |
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| ȵ = alveolo-palatal nasal |
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| 117 |
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| ɳ = retroflex nasal |
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| 117 402A |
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| ɳ̊ |
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| ɳ̥ = voiceless retroflex nasal |
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| 118 |
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| ɲ = palatal nasal |
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| 118 402A |
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| ɲ̊ |
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| ɲ̥ = voiceless palatal nasal |
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| 119 |
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| ŋ = velar nasal |
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| 119 402A |
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| ŋ̥ |
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| ŋ̊ = voiceless velar nasal |
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| 120 |
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| ɴ = uvular nasal |
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| 116 407 |
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| 116 + 407 |
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| n̼ = linguolabial nasal |
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| 126 |
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<!-- FRICATIVES --> |
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| ɸ = voiceless bilabial fricative |
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| 127 |
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| β = voiced bilabial fricative |
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| 128 |
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| f = voiceless labiodental fricative |
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| 129 |
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| v = voiced labiodental fricative |
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| 130 |
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| θ = voiceless dental fricative |
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| 130 (414) |
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| 130 414 |
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| θ̱ = voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative |
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| 131 |
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| ð = voiced dental fricative |
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| 138 |
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| ç = voiceless palatal fricative |
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| 139 |
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| ʝ = voiced palatal fricative |
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| 140 |
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| x = voiceless velar fricative |
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| 141 |
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| ɣ = voiced velar fricative |
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| 142 |
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| χ = voiceless uvular fricative |
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| 143 |
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| ʁ = voiced uvular fricative |
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| 144 |
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| ħ = voiceless pharyngeal fricative |
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| 145 |
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| ʕ = voiced pharyngeal fricative |
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| 172 |
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| ʜ = voiceless epiglottal fricative |
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| 174 |
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| ʢ = voiced epiglottal fricative |
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| 146 |
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| h = voiceless glottal fricative |
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| 147 |
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| ɦ = voiced glottal fricative |
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| 146 424 |
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| h̃ = voiceless nasal glottal approximant |
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<!-- APPROXIMANTS --> |
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| 127 430 |
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| β̞ = bilabial approximant |
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| 150 |
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| ʋ = labiodental approximant |
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| 131 430 |
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| ð̞ = dental approximant |
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| 151 |
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| ɹ = alveolar approximant |
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| 152 |
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| ɻ = retroflex approximant |
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| 153 |
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| j = palatal approximant |
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| 153 424 |
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| ȷ̃ = nasal palatal approximant |
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| 154 |
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| ɣ̞ |
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| ɰ = velar approximant |
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| 155 |
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| l = alveolar lateral approximant |
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| l̪ = dental lateral approximant |
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| 155 402A |
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| l̥ = voiceless alveolar lateral approximant |
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| l̠ʲ |
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| ʎ̟ |
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| ȴ = lateral alveolo-palatal approximant |
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| 156 |
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| ɭ = retroflex lateral approximant |
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| 157 |
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| ʎ = palatal lateral approximant |
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| 158 |
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| ʟ = velar lateral approximant |
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| 209 |
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| ɫ = velarized alveolar lateral approximant |
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| 169 |
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| hw |
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| ʍ = voiceless labio-velar approximant |
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| 170 |
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| w = labio-velar approximant |
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| 170 424 |
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| w̃ = nasal labio-velar approximant |
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| 171 |
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| ɥ = labial-palatal approximant |
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<!-- TRILLS --> |
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| 121 |
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| ʙ = bilabial trill |
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| 122 |
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| r = alveolar trill |
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| 122 402A |
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| r̥ = voiceless alveolar trill |
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| ɼ |
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| r̝ = raised alveolar trill |
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| 105 101 122 |
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| ɽ͡r = retroflex trill |
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| 123 |
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| ʀ = uvular trill |
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| ᴙ |
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| я = epiglottal trill |
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<!-- FLAPS --> |
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| 184 413 |
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| ⱱ̟ = bilabial flap |
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| 184 |
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| ⱱ = labiodental flap |
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| 124 |
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| ɾ = alveolar tap |
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| 125 |
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| ɽ = retroflex flap |
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| 112 505 |
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| 112 + 505 |
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| ɢ̆ = uvular flap |
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| 173 432 |
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| 173 + 432 |
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| ʡ̯ = epiglottal flap |
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| 181 |
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| ɺ = alveolar lateral flap |
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| ɺ̠ |
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| ɺ̢ |
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| = retroflex lateral flap |
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| ʎ̯ = palatal lateral flap |
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| ʟ̆ = velar lateral flap |
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<!-- LATERAL FRICATIVES --> |
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| 148 |
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| ɬ = voiceless alveolar lateral fricative |
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| 149 |
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| ɮ = voiced alveolar lateral fricative |
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| ɭ˔̊ |
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| ɬ̢ |
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| = voiceless retroflex lateral fricative |
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| 156 429 |
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| ɭ˔ = voiced retroflex lateral fricative |
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| 157 402A 429 |
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| ʎ̥˔ |
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| = voiceless palatal lateral fricative |
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| 157 429 |
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| ʎ̝ = voiced palatal lateral fricative |
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| 158 429 402A |
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| ʟ̝̊ |
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| = voiceless velar lateral fricative |
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| 158 429 |
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| ʟ̝ = voiced velar lateral fricative |
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<!-- SIBILANTS --> |
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| 132 |
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| s = voiceless alveolar sibilant |
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| 132 (414) |
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| 132 414 |
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| s̺ = voiceless apico-alveolar sibilant |
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| 133 |
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| z = voiced alveolar sibilant |
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| 134 |
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| ʃ = voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant |
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| 135 |
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| ʒ = voiced palato-alveolar sibilant |
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| 136 |
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| ʂ = voiceless retroflex sibilant |
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| 137 |
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| ʐ = voiced retroflex sibilant |
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<!-- IMPLOSIVES --> |
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| 160 |
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| ɓ = voiced bilabial implosive |
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| 162 |
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| ɗ = voiced alveolar implosive |
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| ᶑ = voiced retroflex implosive |
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| 164 |
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| ʄ = voiced palatal implosive |
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| 166 |
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| ɠ = voiced velar implosive |
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| 168 |
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| ʛ = voiced uvular implosive |
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| ƥ = voiceless bilabial implosive |
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| ƭ = voiceless alveolar implosive |
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| ƈ = voiceless palatal implosive |
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| ƙ = voiceless velar implosive |
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| ʠ = voiceless uvular implosive |
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<!-- EJECTIVES --> |
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| 101 401 |
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| 101 + 401 |
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| pʼ = bilabial ejective |
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| 103 401 408 |
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| 103 + 401 + 408 |
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| t̪ʼ = dental ejective |
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| 165 |
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| 103 401 |
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| 103 + 401 |
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| tʼ = alveolar ejective |
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| 107 401 |
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| 107 + 401 |
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| cʼ = palatal ejective |
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| 109 401 |
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| 109 + 401 |
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| kʼ = velar ejective |
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| 111 401 |
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| 111 + 401 |
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| qʼ = uvular ejective |
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| 132 401 |
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| 132 + 401 |
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| sʼ = alveolar ejective fricative |
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| ʈʼ = retroflex ejective |
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| fʼ = labiodental ejective fricative |
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| θʼ = dental ejective fricative |
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| ɬʼ = alveolar lateral ejective fricative |
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| xʼ = velar ejective fricative |
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| χʼ = uvular ejective fricative |
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<!-- AFFRICATES --> |
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| 103 148 401 |
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| 103 (148) 401 |
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| ƛ’ |
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| t͡ɬʼ |
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| t͜ɬʼ |
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| tɬʼ = alveolar lateral ejective affricate |
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| tʃʼ |
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| t͜ʃʼ |
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| t͡ʃʼ = palato-alveolar ejective affricate |
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| pf |
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| p̪f |
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| p͡f |
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| p̪͡f = voiceless labiodental affricate |
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| bv |
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| b̪v |
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| b͡v |
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| b͜v |
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| b̪͡v = voiced labiodental affricate |
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| t͡θʼ |
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| tθʼ = dental ejective affricate |
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| 103 132 |
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| 103 (132) |
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| ʦ |
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| ts |
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| t͜s |
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| t͡s = voiceless alveolar affricate |
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| 103 132 401 |
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| t͡sʼ |
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| tsʼ = alveolar ejective affricate |
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| ʣ |
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| dz |
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| d͜z |
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| d͡z = voiced alveolar affricate |
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| 103 (134) |
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| 103 134 |
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| t̠ʃ |
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| ʧ |
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| tʃ |
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| t͜ʃ |
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| t͡ʃ = voiceless palato-alveolar affricate |
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| 104 (135) |
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| 104 135 |
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| d̠ʒ |
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| ʤ |
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| dʒ |
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| d͜ʒ |
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| d͡ʒ = voiced palato-alveolar affricate |
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| 215 |
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| t̠ɕ |
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| ʨ |
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| tɕ |
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| t͜ɕ |
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| t͡ɕ = voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate |
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| 216 |
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| d̠ʑ |
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| ʥ |
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| dʑ |
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| d͜ʑ |
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| d͡ʑ = voiced alveolo-palatal affricate |
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| 105 (136) |
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| 105 136 |
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| ʈʂ |
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| t͡ʂ |
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| t͜ʂ |
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| tʂ |
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| ʈ͡ʂ = voiceless retroflex affricate |
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| tʂʼ |
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| t͡ʂʼ |
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| ʈʂʼ |
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| ʈ͡ʂʼ = retroflex ejective affricate |
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| 106 (137) |
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| 106 137 |
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| ɖʐ |
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| dʐ |
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| d͜ʐ |
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| ɖ͜ʐ |
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| d͡ʐ |
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| ɖ͡ʐ = voiced retroflex affricate |
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| 108 (139) |
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| 108 139 |
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| ɟ͡ʝ |
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| ɟʝ = voiced palatal affricate |
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| 107 (138) |
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| 107 138 |
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| c͡ç |
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| cç = voiceless palatal affricate |
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| c͡çʼ |
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| cçʼ = palatal ejective affricate |
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| kx |
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| k͡x |
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| k͜x = voiceless velar affricate |
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| qχ |
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| q͡χ = voiceless uvular affricate |
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| kxʼ |
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| k͜xʼ |
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| k͡xʼ = velar ejective affricate |
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| q͡χʼ |
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| qχʼ = uvular ejective affricate |
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| ɡɣ |
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| ɡ͡ɣ = voiced velar affricate |
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| ɢʁ |
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| ɢ͡ʁ = voiced uvular affricate |
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| 103 (148) |
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| 103 148 |
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| ƛ |
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| tɬ |
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| t͜ɬ |
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| t͡ɬ = voiceless alveolar lateral affricate |
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| 104 (149) |
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| 104 149 |
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| dɮ |
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| d͜ɮ |
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| d͡ɮ = voiced alveolar lateral affricate |
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| c͡ʎ̥ |
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| cʎ̥ |
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| c͜ʎ̥ |
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| c͡ʎ |
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| c͜ʎ |
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| cʎ |
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| c |
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| c͡ʎ̥˔ |
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| cʎ̥˔ |
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| c͜ʎ̥˔ |
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| c͜ |
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| c͡ = voiceless palatal lateral affricate |
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| c͡ʼ |
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| c͜ʼ |
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| cʼ |
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| cʎ̝̥ʼ = palatal lateral ejective affricate |
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| k͡ʟ̝̊ |
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| k |
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| k͜ |
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| k͡ = voiceless velar lateral affricate |
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| kʟ̝̊ʼ |
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| k͡ʼ |
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| k͜ʼ |
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| kʼ = velar lateral ejective affricate |
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| ɡʟ̝ |
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| ɡ͡ʟ̝ = voiced velar lateral affricate |
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| 182 |
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| ɕː |
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| ɕ = voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant |
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| 183 |
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| ʑː |
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| ʑ = voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant |
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| 175 |
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| ɧ = sj-sound |
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| 109 (101) |
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| 109 101 |
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| kp |
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| k͡p = voiceless labial-velar stop |
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| 110 (102) |
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| 110 102 |
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| ɡb |
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| ɡ͡b = voiced labial-velar stop |
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| 119 (114) |
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| 119 114 |
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| ŋm |
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| ŋ͡m = labial-velar nasal |
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<!-- CLICKS --> |
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| 176 = bilabial click |
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| ʘ |
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| ᵏʘ |
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| kʘ = voiceless bilabial click |
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| 177 = dental click |
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| ʇ |
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| ǀ |
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| ᵏʇ |
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| ᵏǀ |
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| kʇ |
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| kǀ = voiceless dental click |
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| 178 = alveolar click |
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| ʗ |
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| ǃ |
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| ᵏʗ |
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| ᵏǃ |
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| kʗ |
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| kǃ = voiceless alveolar click |
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| 179 = palatal click |
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| ǂ |
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| ᵏǂ |
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| kǂ = voiceless palatal click |
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| 180 = alveolar lateral click |
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| ʖ |
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| ǁ |
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| ᵏʖ |
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| ᵏǁ |
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| kʖ |
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| kǁ = voiceless alveolar lateral click |
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| ǀ̬ |
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| ʇ̬ |
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| ᶢǀ |
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| ᶢʇ |
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| ɡǀ |
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| ɡʇ = voiced dental click |
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| ǀ̃ |
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| ʇ̃ |
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| ᵑǀ |
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| ᵑʇ |
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| ŋǀ |
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| ŋʇ = dental nasal click |
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| ǀ̃ˀ |
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| ʇ̃ˀ |
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| ǀˀ |
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| ʇˀ |
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| ᵑǀˀ |
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| ᵑʇˀ |
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| ᵑ̊ǀˀ |
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| ᵑ̊ʇˀ |
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| ŋ̊ǀˀ |
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| ŋ̊ʇˀ |
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| ŋǀˀ |
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| ŋʇˀ = glottalized dental nasal click |
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| ǃ̬ |
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| ʗ̬ |
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| ᶢǃ |
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| ᶢʗ |
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| ɡǃ |
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| ɡʗ = voiced alveolar click |
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| ǃ̃ |
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| ʗ̃ |
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| ᵑǃ |
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| ᵑʗ |
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| ŋǃ |
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| ŋʗ = alveolar nasal click |
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| ǃ̃ˀ |
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| ʗ̃ˀ |
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| ǃˀ |
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| ʗˀ |
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| ᵑǃˀ |
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| ᵑʗˀ |
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| ᵑ̊ǃˀ |
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| ᵑ̊ʗˀ |
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| ŋ̊ǃˀ |
|||
| ŋ̊ʗˀ |
|||
| ŋǃˀ |
|||
| ŋʗˀ = glottalized alveolar nasal click |
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| ǁ̬ |
|||
| ʖ̬ |
|||
| ᶢǁ |
|||
| ᶢʖ |
|||
| ɡǁ |
|||
| ɡʖ = voiced alveolar lateral click |
|||
| ǁ̃ |
|||
| ʖ̃ |
|||
| ᵑǁ |
|||
| ᵑʖ |
|||
| ŋǁ |
|||
| ŋʖ = alveolar lateral nasal click |
|||
| ǁ̃ˀ |
|||
| ʖ̃ˀ |
|||
| ǁˀ |
|||
| ʖˀ |
|||
| ᵑǁˀ |
|||
| ᵑʖˀ |
|||
| ᵑ̊ǁˀ |
|||
| ᵑ̊ʖˀ |
|||
| ŋ̊ǁˀ |
|||
| ŋ̊ʖˀ |
|||
| ŋǁˀ |
|||
| ŋʖˀ = glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click |
|||
| ǂ̬ |
|||
| ᶢǂ |
|||
| ɡǂ = voiced palatal click |
|||
| ǂ̃ |
|||
| ᵑǂ |
|||
| ŋǂ = palatal nasal click |
|||
| ǂ̃ˀ |
|||
| ǂˀ |
|||
| ᵑǂˀ |
|||
| ᵑ̊ǂˀ |
|||
| ŋ̊ǂˀ |
|||
| ŋǂˀ = glottalized palatal nasal click |
|||
| ʘ̬ |
|||
| ᶢʘ |
|||
| ɡʘ = voiced bilabial click |
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| ʘ̃ |
|||
| ᵑʘ |
|||
| ŋʘ = bilabial nasal click |
|||
| ʘ̃ˀ |
|||
| ʘˀ |
|||
| ᵑʘˀ |
|||
| ᵑ̊ʘˀ |
|||
| ŋ̊ʘˀ |
|||
| ŋʘˀ = glottalized bilabial nasal click |
|||
| ǃ˞ |
|||
| ‼ = voiceless retroflex click |
|||
| ǃ̬˞ |
|||
| ᶢǃ˞ |
|||
| ɡǃ˞ |
|||
| ‼̬ |
|||
| ᶢ‼ |
|||
| ɡ‼ = voiced retroflex click |
|||
| ǃ̃˞ |
|||
| ᵑǃ˞ |
|||
| ŋǃ˞ |
|||
| ‼̃ |
|||
| ᵑ‼ |
|||
| ŋ‼ = retroflex nasal click |
|||
| ǃ̃˞ˀ |
|||
| ǃ˞ˀ |
|||
| ᵑǃ˞ˀ |
|||
| ᵑ̊ǃ˞ˀ |
|||
| ŋ̊ǃ˞ˀ |
|||
| ŋ‼ˀ |
|||
| ŋǃ˞ˀ |
|||
| ŋ̊‼ˀ |
|||
| ᵑ̊‼ˀ |
|||
| ᵑ‼ˀ |
|||
| ‼̃ˀ |
|||
| ‼ˀ = glottalized retroflex nasal click |
|||
<!------- VOWELS -------> |
|||
| 301 |
|||
| i |
|||
| iː = close front unrounded vowel |
|||
| 309 |
|||
| y |
|||
| yː = close front rounded vowel |
|||
| 317 |
|||
| ɨ |
|||
| ɨː = close central unrounded vowel |
|||
| 318 |
|||
| ʉ |
|||
| ʉː = close central rounded vowel |
|||
| 316 |
|||
| ɯ |
|||
| ɯː = close back unrounded vowel |
|||
| 308 |
|||
| u |
|||
| uː = close back rounded vowel |
|||
| 319 |
|||
| ɪ |
|||
| ɪː = near-close near-front unrounded vowel |
|||
| 320 |
|||
| ʏ |
|||
| ʏː = near-close near-front rounded vowel |
|||
| 319 415 |
|||
| ᵻ |
|||
| ɪ̵ |
|||
| ɪ̈ = near-close central unrounded vowel |
|||
| 321 415 |
|||
| 318 430 |
|||
| ʉ̞ |
|||
| ʊ̵ |
|||
| ʊ̈ = near-close central rounded vowel |
|||
| 321 |
|||
| ʊ |
|||
| ʊː = near-close near-back vowel |
|||
| 302 |
|||
| e |
|||
| eː = close-mid front unrounded vowel |
|||
| 302 430 |
|||
| ᴇ |
|||
| e̞ |
|||
| ɛ̝ = mid front unrounded vowel |
|||
| 310 |
|||
| ø |
|||
| øː = close-mid front rounded vowel |
|||
| 397 |
|||
| ɘ = close-mid central unrounded vowel |
|||
| 323 |
|||
| ɵ |
|||
| ɵː = close-mid central rounded vowel |
|||
| 315 |
|||
| ɤ |
|||
| ɤː = close-mid back unrounded vowel |
|||
| 307 |
|||
| o |
|||
| oː = close-mid back rounded vowel |
|||
| 307 430 |
|||
| ɔ̝ |
|||
| o̞ = mid back rounded vowel |
|||
| 322 |
|||
| ə |
|||
| əː = mid-central vowel |
|||
| 303 |
|||
| ɛ |
|||
| ɛː = open-mid front unrounded vowel |
|||
| 311 |
|||
| œ |
|||
| œː = open-mid front rounded vowel |
|||
| 326 |
|||
| ɜ |
|||
| ɜː = open-mid central unrounded vowel |
|||
| 395 |
|||
| ɞ = open-mid central rounded vowel |
|||
| 314 |
|||
| ʌ |
|||
| ʌː = open-mid back unrounded vowel |
|||
| 306 |
|||
| ɔ |
|||
| ɔː = open-mid back rounded vowel |
|||
| 325 |
|||
| æ |
|||
| æː = near-open front unrounded vowel |
|||
| 324 |
|||
| ɐ |
|||
| ɐː = near-open central vowel |
|||
| 304 |
|||
| a |
|||
| aː = open front unrounded vowel |
|||
| 304 415 |
|||
| a̠ |
|||
| ä |
|||
| äː = open central unrounded vowel |
|||
| 312 |
|||
| ɶ = open front rounded vowel |
|||
| 305 |
|||
| ɑ |
|||
| ɑː = open back unrounded vowel |
|||
| 313 |
|||
| ɒː |
|||
| ɒ = open back rounded vowel |
|||
| 310 430 |
|||
| ø̞ = mid front rounded vowel |
|||
| 315 430 |
|||
| ɤ̞ = mid back unrounded vowel |
|||
<!------- DIACRITICS (uncombined meaning and link) -------> |
|||
<!-- used ◌ (dotted circle, decimal ◌) as general placemarker: e.g. ◌ʼ --> |
|||
| ◌ʼ |
|||
| ʼ |
|||
| 401 = ejective consonant |
|||
| ◌̥ |
|||
| ̥ |
|||
| 402A = voiceless |
|||
| s̬ |
|||
| t̬ |
|||
| ◌̬ |
|||
| ̬ |
|||
| 403 = voice (phonetics) |
|||
| pʰ |
|||
| tʰ |
|||
| t̪ ʰ |
|||
| ʈʰ |
|||
| kʰ |
|||
| qʰ |
|||
| tsʰ |
|||
| tʃʰ |
|||
| tʂʰ |
|||
| ʈʂʰ |
|||
| tɕʰ |
|||
| tɬʰ |
|||
| kxʰ |
|||
| t͡sʰ |
|||
| t͡ʃʰ |
|||
| t͡ʂʰ |
|||
| ʈ͡ʂʰ |
|||
| t͡ɕʰ |
|||
| t͡ɬʰ |
|||
| k͡xʰ |
|||
| ◌ʰ |
|||
| ʰ |
|||
| 404 = aspiration (phonetics) |
|||
| b̤ |
|||
| d̤ |
|||
| ɡ̈ |
|||
| ◌̤ |
|||
| ̤ |
|||
| bʱ |
|||
| dʱ |
|||
| d̪ʱ |
|||
| ɡʱ |
|||
| ɖʱ |
|||
| dʒʱ |
|||
| d͡ʒʱ |
|||
| dzʱ |
|||
| d͡zʱ |
|||
| dʐʱ |
|||
| d͡ʐʱ |
|||
| ɖʐʱ |
|||
| ɖ͡ʐʱ |
|||
| dʑʱ |
|||
| d͡ʑʱ |
|||
| ◌ʱ |
|||
| ʱ |
|||
| 405 = breathy voice |
|||
| 406 |
|||
| a̰ |
|||
| b̰ |
|||
| ◌̰ |
|||
| ̰ = creacky voice |
|||
<!-- ARTICULATION DIACRITICS--> |
|||
| ̼ |
|||
| 407 = linguolabial consonant |
|||
| ̪ |
|||
| 408 = dental consonant |
|||
| ̺ |
|||
| 409 = apical consonant |
|||
| ̻ |
|||
| 410 = laminal consonant |
|||
| ̹ |
|||
| 411 |
|||
| 412 |
|||
| ̜ = roundedness |
|||
| ̟ |
|||
| ̠ |
|||
| 413 |
|||
| 414 = relative articulation#Advanced and retracted |
|||
| ̈ |
|||
| 415 = relative articulation#Centralized vowels |
|||
| ̽ |
|||
| 416 = relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel |
|||
| ̘ <!-- U+0318 --> |
|||
| ̙ <!-- U+0319 --> |
|||
| 417 |
|||
| 418 = advanced and retracted tongue root |
|||
| 419 |
|||
| 322 419 |
|||
| 322 + 419 |
|||
| ɚ |
|||
| ɝ |
|||
| ɝː = r-colored vowel |
|||
| 420 |
|||
| kʷ |
|||
| ɡʷ |
|||
| xʷ |
|||
| ɣʷ |
|||
| ŋʷ |
|||
| qʷ |
|||
| ɢʷ |
|||
| ɴʷ |
|||
| χʷ |
|||
| ʁʷ |
|||
| ◌ʷ |
|||
| ʔʷ |
|||
| pʷ |
|||
| bʷ |
|||
| kpʷ |
|||
| tsʷ |
|||
| dzʷ |
|||
| tʃʷ |
|||
| dʒʷ |
|||
| kxʷ |
|||
| ɡɣʷ |
|||
| qχʷ |
|||
| ɢʁʷ |
|||
| sʷ |
|||
| zʷ |
|||
| ʂʷ |
|||
| ʐʷ |
|||
| fʷ |
|||
| vʷ |
|||
| ħʷ |
|||
| ʕʷ |
|||
| hʷ |
|||
| ɦʷ |
|||
| ʷ = labialization |
|||
| 421 |
|||
| ◌ʲ |
|||
| ʲ = palatalization |
|||
| 422 |
|||
| 428 |
|||
| ◌̴ |
|||
| ̴ |
|||
| ◌ˠ |
|||
| ˠ = velarization |
|||
| 423 |
|||
| sˤ |
|||
| zˤ |
|||
| tˤ |
|||
| dˤ |
|||
| θˤ |
|||
| ðˤ |
|||
| ɮˤ |
|||
| lˤ |
|||
| kˤ |
|||
| ʔˤ |
|||
| ◌ˤ |
|||
| ˤ = pharyngealization |
|||
| 424 |
|||
| æ̃ |
|||
| ɒ̃ |
|||
| ə̃ |
|||
| ɨ̃ |
|||
| ɪ̃ |
|||
| ʊ̃ |
|||
| ø̃ |
|||
| ʏ̃ |
|||
| ʉ̃ |
|||
| ɤ̃ |
|||
| ɯ̃ |
|||
| ɑ̃ |
|||
| ɛ̃ |
|||
| œ̃ |
|||
| ɔ̃ |
|||
| ã |
|||
| ẽ |
|||
| ĩ |
|||
| õ |
|||
| ũ |
|||
| ɐ̃ |
|||
| ỹ = nasal vowel |
|||
| ◌̃ |
|||
| ̃ = nasalization |
|||
| ◌ⁿ |
|||
| ⁿ |
|||
| 425 = nasal release |
|||
| dˡ |
|||
| ◌ˡ |
|||
| ˡ |
|||
| 426 = lateral release (phonetics) |
|||
| d̚ |
|||
| ◌̚ |
|||
| ̚ |
|||
| 427 = no audible release |
|||
| ◌ˀ |
|||
| ˀ = glottalization |
|||
| ɹ̝ |
|||
| ̝ <!-- U+031D --> |
|||
| ˔ <!-- U+02D4 --> |
|||
| e̝ |
|||
| e̞ <!-- second mentioning of e̞; is this the same one? --> |
|||
| β̞ |
|||
| ̞ <!-- U+031E --> |
|||
| ˕ <!-- U+02D5 --> |
|||
| 429 = relative articulation#Raised and lowered |
|||
| 430 |
|||
| ŋ̍ |
|||
| ŋ̩ |
|||
| n̩ |
|||
| m̩ |
|||
| r̩ |
|||
| ɹ̩ |
|||
| l̩ |
|||
| ◌̩ |
|||
| ̩ |
|||
| 431 = syllabic consonant |
|||
| . = syllabification |
|||
| u̯ |
|||
| i̯ |
|||
| y̯ |
|||
| ʊ̯ |
|||
| ɪ̯ |
|||
| ʏ̯ |
|||
| e̯ |
|||
| o̯ |
|||
| ◌̯ |
|||
| ̯ |
|||
| 432 = semivowel |
|||
| aʊ |
|||
| aɪ |
|||
| ɔɪ |
|||
| oʊ |
|||
| eɪ = diphthong |
|||
| ᶣ = labio-palatalization |
|||
<!------- SUPRESEGMENTALS --------> |
|||
| 501 |
|||
| ˈ = stress (linguistics) |
|||
| 502 |
|||
| ˌ = secondary stress |
|||
| 503 |
|||
| 504 |
|||
| ˑ |
|||
| ː = length (phonetics) |
|||
| 505 |
|||
| ̆ |
|||
| ə̆ = extra-short |
|||
<!------- TONE LETTERS -------> |
|||
| 519 |
|||
| 523 |
|||
| ˩ |
|||
| ˨ |
|||
| ˧ |
|||
| ˦ |
|||
| ˥ = tone letter |
|||
| 517 |
|||
| ꜜ◌ |
|||
| ꜜ = downstep |
|||
| 518 |
|||
| ꜛ◌ |
|||
| ꜛ = upstep |
|||
| ∅ = zero (linguistics) |
|||
<!-- EXTENDED IPA --> |
|||
| 601 = bidental percussive |
|||
| 602 = velopharyngael fricative |
|||
| 603 = lateralised [s] |
|||
| 604 = lateralised [z] |
|||
<!-- INDETERMINACY symbols --> |
|||
| 611 = IPA<!--balloon--> |
|||
| 612 |
|||
| * = IPA |
|||
<!-- TRANSCRIPTION --> |
|||
| 901 |
|||
| [ |
|||
| 902 |
|||
| ] |
|||
| 903 |
|||
| / |
|||
| 906 |
|||
| ( |
|||
| 907 |
|||
| ) = IPA |
|||
<!-- (999 and underscore _ ) added for testing purposes only. February 2011 --> |
|||
| 999 |
|||
| _ = IPA vowel chart/sandbox |
|||
| = <includeonly>{{{3| {{{2| {{error| Error using {{tl| IPAsym}}: No input| tag = span}}}}}}}}</includeonly> |
|||
| #default = {{{2| {{error| Error using {{tl| IPAsym}}: IPA symbol "{{StripWhitespace| {{{1| }}}}}" not found in list| tag = span}}}}} |
|||
}}<noinclude> |
|||
{{documentation}} |
|||
<!-- PLEASE ADD THIS TEMPLATE'S CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> |
|||
</noinclude> |
Latest revision as of 23:54, 30 January 2019
![]() | This template uses Lua: |
This template provides a simple conversion table from an IPA symbol to a Wikipedia article name. Its direct use is probably not too meaningful, but it can be useful inside other templates, e.g. {{IPA link}}. It is a meta-template.
The resulting article name should exist. The input symbol may be multiple characters.
Usage
This template has one parameter that is mandatory. The parameter must be an IPA symbol or a sequence of IPA symbols. A formatting template like {{IPA}} is not necessary.
{{IPA symbol|m}}
→ Voiced bilabial nasal{{IPA symbol|ɡ͡b}}
→ Voiced labial–velar plosive
Use output=
to specify the type of the output: "name", "symbol", "article", or "audio".
{{IPA symbol|t̪|output=name}}
→ Voiceless dental plosive{{IPA symbol|t̪|output=article}}
→ Voiceless dental plosive{{IPA symbol|t̪|output=audio}}
→ Voiceless dental stop.ogg{{IPA symbol|w̥|output=symbol}}
→ ʍ (returns the primarily defined symbol)
Certain symbols such as the tie bars, length marks, and dotted circle in the input are ignored so long as the rest of the input matches a definition, so that the below do not result in errors even though these individual combinations are not defined in the data.
{{IPA symbol|aː}}
→ Open front unrounded vowel{{IPA symbol|◌ʰ}}
→ Aspirated consonant
If no direct match is found, the template will then look for the earliest instance of a diacritic in the input string.
{{IPA symbol|pʰ}}
→ Aspirated consonant{{IPA symbol|pʰæ̃}}
→ Aspirated consonant{{IPA symbol|pæ̃}}
→ Nasal vowel
A two-character diacritic takes precedence over a one-character one should they be found at the same position.
{{IPA symbol|ʰa}}
→ Aspirated consonant{{IPA symbol|ʰpa}}
→ Preaspiration
Some symbols in the input are automatically replaced by the more suitable counterparts.
{{IPA symbol|’|output=symbol}}
(right single quotation mark) → ʼ (modifier letter apostrophe)
Data
The data is stored at Module:IPA symbol/data. It is divided into two groups: "sounds" and "diacritics". If no "article" is specified, the value for "name" will substitute it. A diacritic must be one or two Unicode characters. The data also stores substitution patterns for the input string.
Errors
If the input matches no definition in the data, an error message is returned and the page will be categorized into Category:International Phonetic Alphabet pages needing attention.
{{IPA symbol|xyz}}
→ Error using {{IPA symbol}}: "xyz" not found in list
Optionally, an error text can be altered from the default message to any text by using the second parameter (if set to blank
, the message will not appear at all). This cancels the addition of the error category.
{{IPA symbol|xyz|unknown}}
→ unknown{{IPA symbol|xyz|blank}}
→
See also
- {{IPA link}} – Displays an IPA symbol which is automatically linked to its sound article: β → β
- {{IPAblink}} – As {{IPA link}}, enclosed in square brackets: [β]
- {{IPAslink}} – As {{IPA link}}, enclosed in slashes: /β/
- Category:International Phonetic Alphabet pages needing attention
TemplateData
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No description.
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