Jump to content

Maryam Rajavi: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
There was no trial against Rajavi. Theresa May banned Rajavi from entering the UK, and May was then sued
Line 58: Line 58:


Rajavi presented her plan at the Council of Europe in 2006, which supports complete gender equality in political and social rights and, specifically, a commitment to equal participation of women in political leadership. Her 10-point plan for the future of Iran stipulates that any form of discrimination against women would be abolished and that women would enjoy the right to choose their clothing freely. It also includes the ending of cruel and degrading punishments.<ref>[http://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2016-06-28/debates/92B47430-75B2-40B5-9FA6-76A24E8D1E7C/HumanRightsInIran?highlight=Maryam%20Rajavi#contribution-85B1A801-C8A8-449C-8097-8267042F9C10 Human Rights in Iran, Debate in the UK House of Commons, House of Commons Hansard, June 28, 2016] [[File:UKOpenGovernmentLicence.svg|30px]] This article contains quotations from this source, which is available under the [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/ Open Government Licence v3.0]. © Crown copyright.</ref>
Rajavi presented her plan at the Council of Europe in 2006, which supports complete gender equality in political and social rights and, specifically, a commitment to equal participation of women in political leadership. Her 10-point plan for the future of Iran stipulates that any form of discrimination against women would be abolished and that women would enjoy the right to choose their clothing freely. It also includes the ending of cruel and degrading punishments.<ref>[http://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2016-06-28/debates/92B47430-75B2-40B5-9FA6-76A24E8D1E7C/HumanRightsInIran?highlight=Maryam%20Rajavi#contribution-85B1A801-C8A8-449C-8097-8267042F9C10 Human Rights in Iran, Debate in the UK House of Commons, House of Commons Hansard, June 28, 2016] [[File:UKOpenGovernmentLicence.svg|30px]] This article contains quotations from this source, which is available under the [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/ Open Government Licence v3.0]. © Crown copyright.</ref>

On October 2011 [[Theresa May]] banned Maryam Rajavi from coming to Britain in a trip where she was to "explain how women are mistreated in Iran". The high court then sued Teresa May, with Lord Carlile of Berriew (the Government's former independent reviewer of counter-terrorism laws) saying that May's decision “could be viewed as appeasing the Mullahs”.<ref>{{cite web|author=Muhanad Mohammed|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/may-appeases-iran-with-ban-on-opposition-leader-bmdfx3w70fg |title=Iraqi court seeks arrest of Iranian exiles|access-date=21 January 2020|publisher=[[The Times]]|}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Muhanad Mohammed|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/politics/may-is-appeasing-iran-by-blocking-dissidents-visit-7445975.html |title=May 'is appeasing Iran' by blocking dissident's visit|access-date=21 January 2020|publisher=The Standard|}}</ref> In 2014, [[Supreme Court of the United Kingdom]] dismissed an appeal from Lord Carlile of Berriew QC and others and upheld it to maintain the ban, which had originally being implemented in 1997. Members of the UK House of Lords argued that the Home Secretary was "violating Article 10 (freedom of expression) of the European Convention of Human Rights (the Convention)", saying that “Home Secretary’s reasons were legally irrelevant, because they depended on the potential reaction of a foreign state which did not share the values embodied in the Convention.”<ref>{{cite news|last1=Barakatt|first1=Marina|title=U.K. Supreme Court Upholds Home Secretary’s Decision to Prevent an Iranian Politician from Entering the U.K. (November 12, 2014)|url=https://www.asil.org/blogs/uk-supreme-court-upholds-home-secretary%E2%80%99s-decision-prevent-iranian-politician-entering-uk|date=25 November 2014|accessdate=14 September 2016|publisher=The American Society of International Law}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=R (on the application of Lord Carlile of Berriew QC and others) (Appellants) v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Respondent) [2014] UKSC 60|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927010314/https://www.supremecourt.uk/decided-cases/docs/UKSC_2013_0098_PressSummary.pdf|url=https://www.supremecourt.uk/decided-cases/docs/UKSC_2013_0098_PressSummary.pdf|archive-date=25 November 2017|accessdate=14 September 2016|publisher=Supreme Court of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Rajavi is not excluded from any other European country and engages regularly with parliamentarians in the European Parliament.<ref>{{cite web|title=Parliamentarians lose Maryam Rajavi court battle|url=http://www.hillingdontimes.co.uk/news/11596593.Parliamentarians_lose_Maryam_Rajavi_court_battle/?ref=mr|website=Hillingdon & Uxbridge Times|publisher=Hillingdon & Uxbridge Times|accessdate=10 February 2015}}</ref>


== Electoral history ==
== Electoral history ==
Line 75: Line 77:
=== Iraq ===
=== Iraq ===
In July 2010, the [[Supreme Iraqi Criminal Tribunal|Iraqi High Tribunal]] issued an [[arrest warrant]] for 39 MEK members, including Rajavi, "due to evidence that confirms they committed [[crimes against humanity]]" by "involvement with the [[Iraqi Intelligence Service|former Iraqi security forces]] in suppressing the [[1991 uprisings in Iraq|1991 uprising]] against the former Iraqi regime and the killing of Iraqi citizens". The MEK have denied the charges, saying that they constitute a "politically motivated decision and it’s the last gift presented from the government of Nuri al-Maliki to the Iranian government".<ref name="cah">{{cite web|author=Muhanad Mohammed|editor=Rania El Gamal; David Stamp|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLDE66A0A0|title=Iraqi court seeks arrest of Iranian exiles|date=11 July 2010|access-date=28 December 2016|publisher=[[Reuters]]|quote=Rajavi’s wife Maryam, leader of the French-based National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI), the PMOI’s political wing, was also included in the warrant, Abdul Sahib added.}}</ref>
In July 2010, the [[Supreme Iraqi Criminal Tribunal|Iraqi High Tribunal]] issued an [[arrest warrant]] for 39 MEK members, including Rajavi, "due to evidence that confirms they committed [[crimes against humanity]]" by "involvement with the [[Iraqi Intelligence Service|former Iraqi security forces]] in suppressing the [[1991 uprisings in Iraq|1991 uprising]] against the former Iraqi regime and the killing of Iraqi citizens". The MEK have denied the charges, saying that they constitute a "politically motivated decision and it’s the last gift presented from the government of Nuri al-Maliki to the Iranian government".<ref name="cah">{{cite web|author=Muhanad Mohammed|editor=Rania El Gamal; David Stamp|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLDE66A0A0|title=Iraqi court seeks arrest of Iranian exiles|date=11 July 2010|access-date=28 December 2016|publisher=[[Reuters]]|quote=Rajavi’s wife Maryam, leader of the French-based National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI), the PMOI’s political wing, was also included in the warrant, Abdul Sahib added.}}</ref>

=== United Kingdom ===
Rajavi is banned by the [[Home Office]] from entering the [[United Kingdom]] since 1997,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lo|first1=Joe|title=UK MPs attended rally for Iranian group whose leader is still banned by London|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/uk-mps-attended-rally-iranian-group-whose-leader-still-banned-london|accessdate=14 September 2016|publisher=Middle East Eye}}</ref> on the grounds that "her presence would not be conducive to the public good for reasons of foreign policy and in light of the need to take a firm stance against terrorism". In 2014, [[Supreme Court of the United Kingdom]] dismissed an appeal to the decision and upheld it to maintain the ban.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Barakatt|first1=Marina|title=U.K. Supreme Court Upholds Home Secretary’s Decision to Prevent an Iranian Politician from Entering the U.K. (November 12, 2014)|url=https://www.asil.org/blogs/uk-supreme-court-upholds-home-secretary%E2%80%99s-decision-prevent-iranian-politician-entering-uk|date=25 November 2014|accessdate=14 September 2016|publisher=The American Society of International Law}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=R (on the application of Lord Carlile of Berriew QC and others) (Appellants) v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Respondent) [2014] UKSC 60|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927010314/https://www.supremecourt.uk/decided-cases/docs/UKSC_2013_0098_PressSummary.pdf|url=https://www.supremecourt.uk/decided-cases/docs/UKSC_2013_0098_PressSummary.pdf|archive-date=25 November 2017|accessdate=14 September 2016|publisher=Supreme Court of the United Kingdom}}</ref>
== See also ==
== See also ==
{{Portal|Iran|Biography}}
{{Portal|Iran|Biography}}

Revision as of 13:49, 22 January 2020

Maryam Rajavi
Rajavi's image in 1980 election posters
Born
Maryam Qajar-Azodanlu

(1953-12-04) 4 December 1953 (age 70)
Tehran, Iran
OrganizationPeople's Mujahedin of Iran
Spouses
​
​
(m. 1980; div. 1985)​
[1]
​
(m. 1985)​
[1]
Children1 daughter[2]
MEK positions
President-elect of the National Council of Resistance
Incumbent
Assumed office
22 October 1993[3]
Preceded byAbolhassan Banisadr[a]
Co–equal Leader of the People's Mujahedin of Iran
Incumbent
Assumed office
27 January 1985[5]
Serving with Massoud Rajavi (until 2003)[b]
Preceded byMassoud Rajavi (as leader)
Secretay-General of the People's Mujahedin of Iran
In office
8 October 1989 – 22 October 1993
Preceded byMassoud Rajavi
Succeeded byFahimeh Arvani
Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the National Liberation Army
In office
20 June 1987 – 22 October 1993

Maryam Rajavi (Persian: مریم رجوی, née Qajar-Azodanlu, Persian: مریم قجر عضدانلو) is the leader of the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK), an organization trying to overthrow the Iranian government, and President-elect of its National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI). She is the wife of Massoud Rajavi.[7]

Early life and education

Rajavi was born Maryam Qajar-Azodanlu on 4 December 1953 in Tehran, Iran.[8] She was in a middle-class civil servant family descended from a member of the Qajar dynasty.[9] She attended the Sharif University of Technology in Iran, earning a B.S. in metallurgy.[8]

Political career

Rajavi has stated that her political activism started when she was twenty-two after her sister Narges was killed by Shah Mohammad Reza's secret police.[9] Then she became a member of the People's Mojahedin of Iran (PMOI/MEK), and began her political career. She was inducted by Massoud Rajavi, into his command structure, as part of the Operation Eternal Light, which had more women than men, justifying it as a constitutional revolution.[10]

Rajavi served as an organizer of the anti-Shah student movement in the 1970s. In 1979, she became an official of the social section of the PMOI/MEK, where she served until 1981. Rajavi was a parliamentary candidate in 1980.[8]

In 1982, Rajavi was transferred to Auvers-sur-Oise, Île-de-France where the political headquarters of the Mojahedin was located.[8]

In 1985, she became Joint-Leader of the PMOI and served as the Secretary General between 1989 and 1993.[11]

In a statement that condemned the ISIS attacks against Iran's parliament and the tomb of the Islamic Republic's founder, Rajavi stated: "ISIS's conduct clearly benefits the Iranian regime's Supreme Leader Khamenei, who wholeheartedly welcomes it as an opportunity to overcome his regime's regional and international impasse and isolation. The founder and the number one state sponsor of terror is thus trying to switch the place of murderer and the victim and portray the central banker of terrorism as a victim."[12]

A 10-point manifesto published by Maryam Rajavi sets out a programme to transform Iran. She states her commitment to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and to other international instruments. She calls for the abolition of the death penalty, the creation of a modern legal system and the independence of judges. Rajavi would end Tehran’s funding of Hamas, Hezbollah and other militant groups and is committed to peaceful coexistence, relations with all countries and respect for the United Nations charter.[13] The manifesto also contains the statement that 'We recognize private property, private investment and the market economy.'[14].

Rajavi presented her plan at the Council of Europe in 2006, which supports complete gender equality in political and social rights and, specifically, a commitment to equal participation of women in political leadership. Her 10-point plan for the future of Iran stipulates that any form of discrimination against women would be abolished and that women would enjoy the right to choose their clothing freely. It also includes the ending of cruel and degrading punishments.[15]

On October 2011 Theresa May banned Maryam Rajavi from coming to Britain in a trip where she was to "explain how women are mistreated in Iran". The high court then sued Teresa May, with Lord Carlile of Berriew (the Government's former independent reviewer of counter-terrorism laws) saying that May's decision “could be viewed as appeasing the Mullahs”.[16][17] In 2014, Supreme Court of the United Kingdom dismissed an appeal from Lord Carlile of Berriew QC and others and upheld it to maintain the ban, which had originally being implemented in 1997. Members of the UK House of Lords argued that the Home Secretary was "violating Article 10 (freedom of expression) of the European Convention of Human Rights (the Convention)", saying that “Home Secretary’s reasons were legally irrelevant, because they depended on the potential reaction of a foreign state which did not share the values embodied in the Convention.”[18][19] Rajavi is not excluded from any other European country and engages regularly with parliamentarians in the European Parliament.[20]

Electoral history

Year Election (Constituency) Votes % Rank Result Ref
1980 Parliament (Tehran, Rey and Shemiranat) 221,831 10.4 67th Lost [21]

Trials

Frankreich

On 17 June 2003, Maryam Rajavi was arrested by Paris Police Prefecture alongside some 150 MEK members for "preparing to commit or finance acts of terrorism".[22] On 4 July 2003 she was released on bail,[23] and along with twenty-three other MEK associates was placed under investigation, including for allegedly "associating with wrongdoers in relation with a terrorist undertaking".[24] In 2011, Tribunal de grande instance de Paris ruled that there were no grounds for terrorism or terrorism-related finance charges,[25] but continued to investigate nine for money laundering and fraud charges. In 2014, the case was finally decided by dropping all charges.[24][26]

Iraq

In July 2010, the Iraqi High Tribunal issued an arrest warrant for 39 MEK members, including Rajavi, "due to evidence that confirms they committed crimes against humanity" by "involvement with the former Iraqi security forces in suppressing the 1991 uprising against the former Iraqi regime and the killing of Iraqi citizens". The MEK have denied the charges, saying that they constitute a "politically motivated decision and it’s the last gift presented from the government of Nuri al-Maliki to the Iranian government".[27]

See also

Notes and references

  1. ^ Banisadr who was affiliated with the National Council of Resistance of Iran from 1981 to 1984, was considered as the "President of Iran" in the claimed government by the council.[4] The office was vacant after Banisadr.
  2. ^ Since 2003 Massoud Rajavi has disappeared and leadership of the group has practically passed to his wife Maryam Rajavi.[6]
  1. ^ a b Connie Bruck (2006). "Exiles: How Iran's expatriates are gaming the nuclear threat". The New Yorker. 82 (1–11). F-R Publishing Corporation: 54–55. This transition was epitomized by Rajavi's involvement, in 1985, with Maryam Azodanlu. Maryam was already married, to Mehdi Abrishamchi, one of Rajavi's close associates. Rajavi overcame that fact by making the romance a matter of revolutionary necessity. First, he said that he was making Maryam his co-leader-and that it would transform thinking about the role of women throughout the Muslim world. Then, about a month later, it was announced that Maryam was divorced from Abrishamchi and that the two co-leaders would marry, in order to further the "ideological revolution."
  2. ^ Geyer, Georgie Anne (26 August 1996), Iranian Exiles Have A Committed Leader In Maryam Rajavi, Chicago Tribune, retrieved 20 January 2020
  3. ^ Kenneth Katzman (2001). "Iran: The People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran". In Albert V. Benliot (ed.). Iran: Outlaw, Outcast, Or Normal Country?. Nova Publishers. p. 97. ISBN 1560729546.
  4. ^ Kian Parsa (July 2008) [Tir 1387]. "شورای ملی مقاومت، بنی‌صدر و رجوی، از ائتلاف تا جدایی". Shahrvand Magazine (in Persian) (52). Archived from the original on 3 October 2013.
  5. ^ Steven O'Hern (2012). Iran's Revolutionary Guard: The Threat That Grows While America Sleeps. Potomac Books, Inc. p. 208. ISBN 1597977012.
  6. ^ Stephen Sloan; Sean K. Anderson (2009). Historical Dictionary of Terrorism. Historical Dictionaries of War, Revolution, and Civil Unrest (3 ed.). Scarecrow Press. p. 454. ISBN 0810863111.
  7. ^ "Profile: Maryam Rajavi". BBC News. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
  8. ^ a b c d Sleeman, Elizabeth (2001), "RAJAVI, Maryam", The International Who's Who of Women 2002, Psychology Press, p. 464, ISBN 9781857431223
  9. ^ a b Smith, Craig S. (24 September 2005). "Exiled Iranians Try to Foment Revolution From France". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
  10. ^ The Cult of Rajavi
  11. ^ Cohen, Ronen (2009), The Rise and Fall of the Mojahedin Khalq, 1987-1997: Their Survival After the Islamic Revolution and Resistance to the Islamic Republic of Iran, Sussex Academic Press, p. 12, ISBN 978-1-84519-270-9
  12. ^ Just because ISIS attacked Iran doesn't mean Iran isn't supporting terrorism. June 12, 2017. Retrieved June 13, 2017
  13. ^ Iran: Human Rights Debate in the UK House of Lords, House of Lord Hansard, December 08, 2016 This article contains quotations from this source, which is available under the Open Government Licence v3.0. © Crown copyright.
  14. ^ https://www.usfliberty.org/maryam-rajavi/
  15. ^ Human Rights in Iran, Debate in the UK House of Commons, House of Commons Hansard, June 28, 2016 This article contains quotations from this source, which is available under the Open Government Licence v3.0. © Crown copyright.
  16. ^ Muhanad Mohammed. "Iraqi court seeks arrest of Iranian exiles". The Times. Retrieved 21 January 2020. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  17. ^ Muhanad Mohammed. "May 'is appeasing Iran' by blocking dissident's visit". The Standard. Retrieved 21 January 2020. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  18. ^ Barakatt, Marina (25 November 2014). "U.K. Supreme Court Upholds Home Secretary's Decision to Prevent an Iranian Politician from Entering the U.K. (November 12, 2014)". The American Society of International Law. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
  19. ^ "R (on the application of Lord Carlile of Berriew QC and others) (Appellants) v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Respondent) [2014] UKSC 60" (PDF). Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 November 2017. Retrieved 14 September 2016. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 27 September 2017 suggested (help)
  20. ^ "Parliamentarians lose Maryam Rajavi court battle". Hillingdon & Uxbridge Times. Hillingdon & Uxbridge Times. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
  21. ^ "اسامی نامزدهای تهران که بیش از ۱۰ هزار رأی آورده‌اند" [Names of Tehran candidates who gained more than 10,000 votes], Kayhan (in Persian), no. 10964, p. 3, 5 April 1980 [16 Farvardin 1359], 15m4471, archived from the original on 29 April 2019, retrieved 20 January 2020 – via The University of Manchester Library
  22. ^ Paris police target Iranian groups, BBC, 17 June 2003, retrieved 28 December 2016
  23. ^ Rajavi released on bail, Al Jazeera, 4 July 2003
  24. ^ a b France drops case against Iranian dissidents after 11-year probe, Reuters, 17 September 2014
  25. ^ Jolly, David (12 May 2011), France Will Drop Charges Against Iranian Dissidents, The New York Times
  26. ^ France Drops Case Against Iranian Dissidents, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 17 September 2014
  27. ^ Muhanad Mohammed (11 July 2010). Rania El Gamal; David Stamp (ed.). "Iraqi court seeks arrest of Iranian exiles". Reuters. Retrieved 28 December 2016. Rajavi's wife Maryam, leader of the French-based National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI), the PMOI's political wing, was also included in the warrant, Abdul Sahib added.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
Party political offices
Preceded byas Leader of People's Mujahedin of Iran Co-leader of People's Mujahedin of Iran
1985–present
Served alongside: Massoud Rajavi 		Incumbent
Vacant
Title last held by
Abolhassan Banisadr
as President of Iran in pretence 		President-elect of the National Council of Resistance of Iran
1993–present
Preceded by Secretay-General of People's Mujahedin of Iran
1989–1993 		Succeeded by
Fahimeh Arvani
New title Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the People's Mujahedin of Iran military wing
1987–1993 		Vacant
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maryam_Rajavi&oldid=937025029"