Succubus: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Succubus bracket 02.jpg|thumb|right|A 16th-century sculpture representing a succubus, Cambridge]] |
[[File:Succubus bracket 02.jpg|thumb|right|A 16th-century sculpture representing a succubus, Cambridge]] |
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[[File:45 El súcubo.jpg|thumb|''[[The Succubus (sculpture)|The Succubus]]'', an 1889 sculpture by [[Auguste Rodin]]]] |
[[File:45 El súcubo.jpg|thumb|''[[The Succubus (sculpture)|The Succubus]]'', an 1889 sculpture by [[Auguste Rodin]]]] |
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A '''succubus''' is a [[demon]] in female form, or supernatural entity in [[folklore]] (traced back to medieval legend), that appears in dreams and takes the form of a woman in order to [[Seduction|seduce]] men, usually through [[Human sexual activity|sexual activity]]. The male counterpart to the succubus is the [[incubus]]. Religious traditions hold that repeated sexual activity with a succubus may result in the deterioration of health or mental state, or even death. |
A '''succubus''' is a [[demon|f]]iend in female form, or supernatural entity in [[folklore]] (traced back to medieval legend), that appears in dreams and takes the form of a woman in order to [[Seduction|seduce]] men, usually through [[Human sexual activity|sexual activity]]. The male counterpart to the succubus is the [[incubus]]. Religious traditions hold that repeated sexual activity with a succubus may result in the deterioration of health or mental state, or even death. |
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In modern representations, a succubus may or may not appear in dreams and is often depicted as a highly attractive seductress or [[Magician (paranormal)|enchantress]]; whereas, in the past, succubi were generally depicted as frightening or |
In modern representations, a succubus may or may not appear in dreams and is often depicted as a highly attractive seductress or [[Magician (paranormal)|enchantress]]; whereas, in the past, succubi were generally depicted as frightening or fiendish. These fiends were thought to have been created by lust and greed. Causing a mans semen to be taken and impregnate a usually chaste woman. |
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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==In folklore== |
==In folklore== |
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As depicted in the Jewish mystical work [[Zohar]] and the medieval rabbinical text [[Alphabet of Ben Sira]], [[Lilith]] was [[Adam]]'s first wife, who later became a succubus.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jewishchristianlit.com/Topics/Lilith/alphabet.html|title=The Story Of Lilith|publisher=jewishchristianlit.com|accessdate=21 September 2016}}</ref>{{unreliable source |sure=y |date=April 2018 |reason=Succubus not mentioned}} She left Adam and refused to return to the [[Garden of Eden]] after she mated with the [[archangel]] [[Samael]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://istina.rin.ru/eng/ufo/text/663.html|title=Samael & Lilith|publisher=istina.rin.ru|accessdate=21 September 2016}}</ref> In [[Zohar]]istic [[Kabbalah]], there were four succubi who mated with the archangel Samael. There were four original queens of the |
As depicted in the Jewish mystical work [[Zohar]] and the medieval rabbinical text [[Alphabet of Ben Sira]], [[Lilith]] was [[Adam]]'s first wife, who later became a succubus.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jewishchristianlit.com/Topics/Lilith/alphabet.html|title=The Story Of Lilith|publisher=jewishchristianlit.com|accessdate=21 September 2016}}</ref>{{unreliable source |sure=y |date=April 2018 |reason=Succubus not mentioned}} She left Adam and refused to return to the [[Garden of Eden]] after she mated with the [[archangel]] [[Samael]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://istina.rin.ru/eng/ufo/text/663.html|title=Samael & Lilith|publisher=istina.rin.ru|accessdate=21 September 2016}}</ref> In [[Zohar]]istic [[Kabbalah]], there were four succubi who mated with the archangel Samael. There were four original queens of the fiends: Lilith, [[Eisheth]], [[Agrat bat Mahlat]], and [[Naamah (demon)|Naamah]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/zdm/zdm041.htm |title= Zohar: Chapter XXXII}}</ref> A succubus may take a form of a beautiful young girl but closer inspection may reveal deformities of her body, such as bird-like claws or [[Serpentine shape|serpentine]] tails.<ref>{{cite book|last=Davidson|first=Jane P.|title=Early modern supernatural : the dark side of European culture, 1400-1700|year=2012|publisher=Praeger|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|isbn=9780313393433|pages=40}}</ref> Folklore also describes the act of [[Sexual penetration|sexually penetrating]] a succubus as akin to entering a cavern of ice, and there are reports of succubi forcing men to perform [[cunnilingus]] on their vulvas, which drip with urine and other fluids.<ref>{{cite book|last=Guiley|first=Rosemary Ellen|title=The encyclopedia of witches, witchcraft and wicca|year=2008|publisher=Facts On File|location=New York|isbn=9781438126845|pages=95|edition=3rd}}</ref> In later folklore, a succubus took the form of a [[Siren (mythology)|siren]]. |
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Throughout history, [[priest]]s and [[rabbi]]s, including [[Hanina Ben Dosa]] and [[Abaye]], tried to curb the power of succubi over humans.<ref>Geoffrey W. Dennis, The encyclopedia of Jewish myth, magic and mysticism. p. 126</ref> However, not all succubi were malevolent. According to [[Walter Mapes|Walter Map]] in the satire ''[[De Nugis Curialium]]'' (''Trifles of Courtiers''), [[Pope Sylvester II]] (999–1003) was allegedly involved with a succubus named Meridiana, who helped him achieve his high rank in the [[Catholic Church]]. Before his death, he confessed of his sins and died repentant.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040717001332/http://www.cyodine.com/succubus/History.htm History of the Succubus] </ref> |
Throughout history, [[priest]]s and [[rabbi]]s, including [[Hanina Ben Dosa]] and [[Abaye]], tried to curb the power of succubi over humans.<ref>Geoffrey W. Dennis, The encyclopedia of Jewish myth, magic and mysticism. p. 126</ref> However, not all succubi were malevolent. According to [[Walter Mapes|Walter Map]] in the satire ''[[De Nugis Curialium]]'' (''Trifles of Courtiers''), [[Pope Sylvester II]] (999–1003) was allegedly involved with a succubus named Meridiana, who helped him achieve his high rank in the [[Catholic Church]]. Before his death, he confessed of his sins and died repentant.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040717001332/http://www.cyodine.com/succubus/History.htm History of the Succubus] </ref> |
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==Ability to reproduce== |
==Ability to reproduce== |
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According to the [[Kabbalah]] and the school of [[Shlomo ben Aderet|Rashba]], the original three queens of the |
According to the [[Kabbalah]] and the school of [[Shlomo ben Aderet|Rashba]], the original three queens of the fiends, [[Agrat Bat Mahlat]], [[Naamah (demon)|Naamah]], [[Eisheth Zenunim]], and all their cohorts give birth to children, except [[Lilith]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lilithgallery.com/library/lilith/Queen-of-the-Demons.html|title=Kabbala: Lilith, Queen of the Demons|author=Alan Humm|publisher=lilithgallery.com|accessdate=21 September 2016}}</ref> According to other [[legend]]s, the children of Lilith are called [[Lilin]]. |
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According to the ''[[Malleus Maleficarum]]'', or "Witches' Hammer", written by [[Heinrich Kramer]] (Institoris) in 1486, succubi [[semen collection|collect semen]] from men they seduce. Incubi, or male |
According to the ''[[Malleus Maleficarum]]'', or "Witches' Hammer", written by [[Heinrich Kramer]] (Institoris) in 1486, succubi [[semen collection|collect semen]] from men they seduce. Incubi, or male fiends, then use the semen to impregnate human females,<ref>Kramer, Heinrich and Sprenger, James (1486), Summers, Montague (translator – 1928), ''The Malleus Maleficarum'', Part2, [http://www.sacred-texts.com/pag/mm/mm02b08a.htm Chapter VIII], "Certain Remedies prescribed against those Dark and Horrid Harms with which Devils may Afflict Men," at [http://www.sacred-texts.com sacred-texts.com]</ref> thus explaining how fiends could apparently sire children despite the traditional belief that they were incapable of reproduction. Children so begotten—[[cambion]]s—were supposed to be those that were born deformed, or more susceptible to supernatural influences.<ref name = "AZ">Lewis, James R., Oliver, Evelyn Dorothy, Sisung Kelle S. (Editor) (1996), ''Angels A to Z'', Entry: Incubi and Succubi, pp. 218, 219, Visible Ink Press, {{ISBN|0-7876-0652-9}}, Till date, most Africa belief has it that men that have similar experience with such principality (succubus) in dreams (usually in form of a pretty lady) find themselves exhausted as soon as they wake up, and often ascribing [[spiritual attack]] to them. Again, rituals/divination are often resorted to with a view to appeasing the god for divine protection and intervention, while the Christian folks direct their intervention to God through either fasting and prayer or going for anointing and deliverance (I.E. Bello)</ref> While the book does not address why a human female impregnated with the semen of a human male would not produce regular human offspring, an explanation could be that the semen is altered before being transferred to the female host. However in some lore, the child is born deformed because the conception was unnatural.{{Citation needed|date=November 2012}} |
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[[James VI and I|King James]] in his dissertation titled [[Daemonologie|Dæmonologie]] refutes the possibility for angelic entities to reproduce and instead offered a suggestion that a [[devil]] would carry out two methods of impregnating women: the first, to steal the sperm out of a dead man and deliver it into a woman. If a |
[[James VI and I|King James]] in his dissertation titled [[Daemonologie|Dæmonologie]] refutes the possibility for angelic entities to reproduce and instead offered a suggestion that a [[devil]] would carry out two methods of impregnating women: the first, to steal the sperm out of a dead man and deliver it into a woman. If a fiend could extract the semen quickly, the substance could not be instantly transported to a female host, causing it to go cold. This explains his view that succubi and incubi were the same fiendish entity only to be described differently based on the tormented sexes being conversed with. The second method was the idea that a dead body could be possessed by a devil, causing it to rise and have sexual relations with others. However, there is no mention of a female corpse being possessed to elicit sex from men.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Warren|first1=Brett|title=The Annotated Dæmonologie of King James. A Critical Edition. In Modern English|date=2016|isbn=978-1-5329-6891-4|pages=79–83}}</ref> |
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==Qarinah== |
==Qarinah== |
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* [[Sihuanaba]] |
* [[Sihuanaba]] |
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* [[Patasola]] |
* [[Patasola]] |
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* [[Samodiva (mythology)| |
* [[Samodiva (mythology)|S]]amodiva |
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* [[Trauco]] |
* [[Trauco]] |
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* [[Tunda]] |
* [[Tunda]] |
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[[Category:Jewish mysticism]] |
[[Category:Jewish mysticism]] |
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[[Category:Jinn]] |
[[Category:Jinn]] |
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[[Category:Christian mythology]] |
[[Category:Christian mythology]] |
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[[Category:Supernatural legends]] |
[[Category:Supernatural legends]] |
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[[Category:Medieval European legendary creatures]] |
[[Category:Medieval European legendary creatures]] |
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[[Category:Devils]] |
[[Category:Devils]] |
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Revision as of 12:39, 22 February 2020
A succubus is a fiend in female form, or supernatural entity in folklore (traced back to medieval legend), that appears in dreams and takes the form of a woman in order to seduce men, usually through sexual activity. The male counterpart to the succubus is the incubus. Religious traditions hold that repeated sexual activity with a succubus may result in the deterioration of health or mental state, or even death.
In modern representations, a succubus may or may not appear in dreams and is often depicted as a highly attractive seductress or enchantress; whereas, in the past, succubi were generally depicted as frightening or fiendish. These fiends were thought to have been created by lust and greed. Causing a mans semen to be taken and impregnate a usually chaste woman.
Etymology
The word is derived from Late Latin succuba "paramour"; from succubare "to lie beneath" (sub- "under" and cubare "to lie"),[1] used to describe this female supernatural being's implied sexual position relative to the male sleeper's position. The word succubus originates from the late 14th century.[2]
In folklore
As depicted in the Jewish mystical work Zohar and the medieval rabbinical text Alphabet of Ben Sira, Lilith was Adam's first wife, who later became a succubus.[3][unreliable source] She left Adam and refused to return to the Garden of Eden after she mated with the archangel Samael.[4] In Zoharistic Kabbalah, there were four succubi who mated with the archangel Samael. There were four original queens of the fiends: Lilith, Eisheth, Agrat bat Mahlat, and Naamah.[5] A succubus may take a form of a beautiful young girl but closer inspection may reveal deformities of her body, such as bird-like claws or serpentine tails.[6] Folklore also describes the act of sexually penetrating a succubus as akin to entering a cavern of ice, and there are reports of succubi forcing men to perform cunnilingus on their vulvas, which drip with urine and other fluids.[7] In later folklore, a succubus took the form of a siren.
Throughout history, priests and rabbis, including Hanina Ben Dosa and Abaye, tried to curb the power of succubi over humans.[8] However, not all succubi were malevolent. According to Walter Map in the satire De Nugis Curialium (Trifles of Courtiers), Pope Sylvester II (999–1003) was allegedly involved with a succubus named Meridiana, who helped him achieve his high rank in the Catholic Church. Before his death, he confessed of his sins and died repentant.[9]
Ability to reproduce
According to the Kabbalah and the school of Rashba, the original three queens of the fiends, Agrat Bat Mahlat, Naamah, Eisheth Zenunim, and all their cohorts give birth to children, except Lilith.[10] According to other legends, the children of Lilith are called Lilin.
According to the Malleus Maleficarum, or "Witches' Hammer", written by Heinrich Kramer (Institoris) in 1486, succubi collect semen from men they seduce. Incubi, or male fiends, then use the semen to impregnate human females,[11] thus explaining how fiends could apparently sire children despite the traditional belief that they were incapable of reproduction. Children so begotten—cambions—were supposed to be those that were born deformed, or more susceptible to supernatural influences.[12] While the book does not address why a human female impregnated with the semen of a human male would not produce regular human offspring, an explanation could be that the semen is altered before being transferred to the female host. However in some lore, the child is born deformed because the conception was unnatural.[citation needed]
King James in his dissertation titled Dæmonologie refutes the possibility for angelic entities to reproduce and instead offered a suggestion that a devil would carry out two methods of impregnating women: the first, to steal the sperm out of a dead man and deliver it into a woman. If a fiend could extract the semen quickly, the substance could not be instantly transported to a female host, causing it to go cold. This explains his view that succubi and incubi were the same fiendish entity only to be described differently based on the tormented sexes being conversed with. The second method was the idea that a dead body could be possessed by a devil, causing it to rise and have sexual relations with others. However, there is no mention of a female corpse being possessed to elicit sex from men.[13]
Qarinah
In Arabian mythology, the qarînah (قرينة) is a spirit similar to the succubus, with origins possibly in ancient Egyptian religion or in the animistic beliefs of pre-Islamic Arabia.[14] A qarînah "sleeps with the person and has relations during sleep as is known by the dreams".[15] They are said to be invisible, but a person with "second sight" can see them, often in the form of a cat, dog, or other household pet.[14] "In Omdurman it is a spirit which possesses. ... Only certain people are possessed and such people cannot marry or the qarina will harm them."[16] To date, many African myths claim[citation needed] that men who have similar experience with such principality (succubus) in dreams (usually in form of a beautiful woman) find themselves exhausted as soon as they awaken; often claiming spiritual attack upon them. Local rituals/divination are often invoked in order to appeal the god for divine protection and intervention.
Scientific explanations
In the field of medicine, there is some belief that the stories relating to encounters with succubi bear resemblance to the contemporary phenomenon of people reporting alien abductions,[17] which has been ascribed to the condition known as sleep paralysis. It is therefore suggested that historical accounts of people experiencing encounters with succubi may rather have been symptoms of sleep paralysis, with the hallucination of the said creatures coming from their contemporary culture. Furthermore, the experience of nocturnal emissions or "wet dreams" may explain the sexual aspect of the phenomenon.[18][19]
In fiction
Throughout history, succubi have been popular characters in music, literature, film, television, and more.
See also
 |
- Similar creatures in folklore
References
- ^ "Succuba". dictionary.com.
- ^ Harper, Douglas. "Succubus". Online Etymology Dictionary.
- ^ "The Story Of Lilith". jewishchristianlit.com. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
- ^ "Samael & Lilith". istina.rin.ru. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
- ^ "Zohar: Chapter XXXII".
- ^ Davidson, Jane P. (2012). Early modern supernatural : the dark side of European culture, 1400-1700. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Praeger. p. 40. ISBN 9780313393433.
- ^ Guiley, Rosemary Ellen (2008). The encyclopedia of witches, witchcraft and wicca (3rd ed.). New York: Facts On File. p. 95. ISBN 9781438126845.
- ^ Geoffrey W. Dennis, The encyclopedia of Jewish myth, magic and mysticism. p. 126
- ^ History of the Succubus
- ^ Alan Humm. "Kabbala: Lilith, Queen of the Demons". lilithgallery.com. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
- ^ Kramer, Heinrich and Sprenger, James (1486), Summers, Montague (translator – 1928), The Malleus Maleficarum, Part2, Chapter VIII, "Certain Remedies prescribed against those Dark and Horrid Harms with which Devils may Afflict Men," at sacred-texts.com
- ^ Lewis, James R., Oliver, Evelyn Dorothy, Sisung Kelle S. (Editor) (1996), Angels A to Z, Entry: Incubi and Succubi, pp. 218, 219, Visible Ink Press, ISBN 0-7876-0652-9, Till date, most Africa belief has it that men that have similar experience with such principality (succubus) in dreams (usually in form of a pretty lady) find themselves exhausted as soon as they wake up, and often ascribing spiritual attack to them. Again, rituals/divination are often resorted to with a view to appeasing the god for divine protection and intervention, while the Christian folks direct their intervention to God through either fasting and prayer or going for anointing and deliverance (I.E. Bello)
- ^ Warren, Brett (2016). The Annotated Dæmonologie of King James. A Critical Edition. In Modern English. pp. 79–83. ISBN 978-1-5329-6891-4.
- ^ a b Zwemer, Samuel M. (1939). "5". Studies in Popular Islam: Collection of Papers dealing with the Superstitions and Beliefs of the Common People. London: Sheldon Press.
- ^ Tremearne, A. J. N. Ban of the Bori: Demons and Demon-Dancing in West and North Africa.
- ^ Trimingham, J. Spencer (1965). Islam in the Sudan. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd. p. 172.
- ^ Knight-Jadczyk, Laura; Henri Sy (2005). The high strangeness of dimensions, densities, and the process of alien abduction. Red Pill Press. p. 92. ISBN 9781897244111.
- ^ "Sleep Paralysis". The Skeptics Dictionary.
- ^ "Phenomena of Awareness during Sleep Paralysis". Trionic Research Institute.
External links
- "The Wiki of the Succubi - SuccuWiki". www.succubus.net. Retrieved 6 November 2016.