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{{Short description|International NONE library catalog}}
{{Short description|International union library catalog}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2017}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2017}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Self reference|For information on using WorldCat links in Wikipedia articles, see [[Template:OCLC]].}}
{{Infobox website
{{Infobox website
| name = WorldCat
| name = WorldCat
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| language = {{hlist|Chinese (Simplified)|Chinese (Traditional)|Czech|Dutch|English|French|German|Italian|Korean|Japanese|Portuguese|Spanish|Thai|Urdu}}
| language = {{hlist|Chinese (Simplified)|Chinese (Traditional)|Czech|Dutch|English|French|German|Italian|Korean|Japanese|Portuguese|Spanish|Thai|Urdu}}
| language_count = 13
| language_count = 13
| language_footnote = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldcat.org/account/?page=searchItems|title=Search for library items|website=WorldCat|publisher=[[OCLC]]|access-date=2017-03-29}}</ref>
| language_footnote = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldcat.org/account/?page=searchItems|title=Search for library items|website=WorldCat|publisher=[[OCLC]]|access-date=2017-03-29|archive-date=September 22, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070922180208/https://www.worldcat.org/account/?page=searchItems|url-status=live}}</ref>
| num_users =
| num_users =
| content_license = [http://www.oclc.org/en/policies/copyright.html Copyright policy]
| content_license = [https://policies.oclc.org/en/copyright.html Copyright policy]
| programming_language =
| programming_language =
| owner = [[OCLC]]
| owner = [[OCLC]]
| launch_date = {{start date and age|1998|1|21}} (date of registry of the new [[domain name]]; the database already existed since 1971)<ref>1998 is the date of registry of the WorldCat.org domain; see: {{cite web|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/worldcat.org|title=WorldCat.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools|work=[[WHOIS]]|access-date=2017-01-21}} However, the union catalog that became WorldCat was started three decades earlier, and it was already available on the web to subscriber libraries at OCLC.org several years before WorldCat.org was a registered domain name; see: {{cite web|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/oclc.org|title=OCLC.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools|work=[[WHOIS]]|access-date=2019-06-26}}</ref>
| launch_date = {{start date and age|1998|1|21}} (date of registry of the new [[domain name]]; the database has existed since 1971)<ref>1998 is the date of registry of the WorldCat.org domain; see: {{cite web|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/worldcat.org|title=WorldCat.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools|work=[[WHOIS]]|access-date=2017-01-21|archive-date=June 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620011555/http://whois.domaintools.com/worldcat.org|url-status=live}} However, the union catalog that became WorldCat was started three decades earlier, and it was already available on the web to subscriber libraries at OCLC.org several years before WorldCat.org was a registered domain name; see: {{cite web|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/oclc.org|title=OCLC.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools|work=[[WHOIS]]|access-date=2019-06-26|archive-date=June 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626214826/http://whois.domaintools.com/oclc.org|url-status=live}}</ref>
| issn = <!-- ISSN, e.g. 1085-6706 (automatically linked to http://www.worldcat.org) -->
| issn = <!-- ISSN, e.g. 1085-6706 (automatically linked to http://www.worldcat.org) -->
| oclc = 756372754
| oclc = 756372754
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}}
}}


'''WorldCat''' is a [[union catalog]] that itemizes the collections of tens of thousands of institutions (mostly [[library|libraries]]), in many countries, that are current or past members of the [[OCLC]] global cooperative.<ref>The 2012–2013 OCLC Annual Report noted that the number of "participating libraries (includes active and inactive symbols)" was 78,985: {{cite report |url=https://cdm15003.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15003coll7/id/108 |title=2012–2013 OCLC Annual Report |page=5 |oclc=1226313226 |access-date=2022-03-10}}</ref> It is operated by OCLC, Inc.<ref name="InsideWorldCat">{{cite web |title=Inside WorldCat |url=https://www.oclc.org/en/worldcat/inside-worldcat.html |website=www.oclc.org |publisher=OCLC |access-date=19 June 2021}}</ref> Many of the OCLC member libraries collectively maintain WorldCat's [[database]], the world's largest [[bibliographic database]].<ref name="largest">{{cite book |last=Oswald |first=Godfrey |date=2017 |chapter=Largest unified international library catalog |title=Library world records |edition=3rd |location=Jefferson, NC |publisher=[[McFarland & Company]] |page=291 |isbn=9781476667775 |oclc=959650095 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G4owDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA291}}</ref> The database includes other information sources in addition to member library collections.<ref>{{cite web |title=Content available through WorldCat Discovery |url=https://www.oclc.org/content/dam/oclc/worldcat-discovery/contentlist.xls |format=XLS |language=en |website=www.oclc.org |publisher=OCLC |access-date=2020-09-22}}</ref> OCLC makes WorldCat itself available free to libraries, but the catalog is the foundation for other subscription OCLC services (such as [[interlibrary loan|resource sharing]] and collection management). WorldCat is used by librarians for cataloging and research and by the general public.
'''WorldCat''' is a [[union catalog]] that itemizes the collections of tens of thousands of institutions (mostly [[library|libraries]]), in many countries, that are current or past members of the [[OCLC]] global cooperative.<ref>The 2012–2013 OCLC Annual Report noted that the number of "participating libraries (includes active and inactive symbols)" was 78,985: {{cite report |url=https://cdm15003.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15003coll7/id/108 |title=2012–2013 OCLC Annual Report |page=5 |oclc=1226313226 |access-date=2022-03-10}}</ref> It is operated by OCLC, Inc.<ref name="InsideWorldCat">{{cite web |title=Inside WorldCat |url=https://www.oclc.org/en/worldcat/inside-worldcat.html |publisher=OCLC |access-date=19 June 2021 |archive-date=January 30, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130152208/https://www.oclc.org/en/worldcat/inside-worldcat.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Many of the OCLC member libraries collectively maintain WorldCat's [[database]], the world's largest [[bibliographic database]].<ref name="largest">{{cite book |last=Oswald |first=Godfrey |date=2017 |chapter=Largest unified international library catalog |title=Library world records |edition=3rd |location=Jefferson, NC |publisher=[[McFarland & Company]] |page=291 |isbn=9781476667775 |oclc=959650095 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G4owDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA291}}</ref> The database includes other information sources in addition to member library collections.<ref>{{cite web |title=Content available through WorldCat Discovery |url=https://www.oclc.org/content/dam/oclc/worldcat-discovery/contentlist.xls |format=XLS |language=en |publisher=OCLC |access-date=2020-09-22 |archive-date=September 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922145435/https://www.oclc.org/content/dam/oclc/worldcat-discovery/contentlist.xls |url-status=live }}</ref> OCLC makes WorldCat itself available free to libraries, but the catalog is the foundation for other subscription OCLC services (such as [[interlibrary loan|resource sharing]] and collection management). WorldCat is used by librarians for cataloging and research and by the general public.


{{As of|December 2021}}, WorldCat contained over 540 million bibliographic records in 483 languages, representing over 3 billion physical and digital library assets,<ref name="InsideWorldCat" /> and the WorldCat persons dataset ([[Data mining|mined]] from WorldCat) included over 100 million people.<ref>{{cite web |title=Data strategy [WorldCat] |website=oclc.org |url=https://www.oclc.org/en/worldcat/data-strategy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327085820/https://www.oclc.org/en/worldcat/data-strategy.html |archive-date=2019-03-27 |access-date=2018-02-11}}</ref>
{{As of|December 2021}}, WorldCat contained over 540 million bibliographic records in 483 languages, representing over 3 billion physical and digital library assets,<ref name="InsideWorldCat" /> and the WorldCat persons dataset ([[Data mining|mined]] from WorldCat) included over 100 million people.<ref>{{cite web |title=Data strategy [WorldCat] |website=oclc.org |url=https://www.oclc.org/en/worldcat/data-strategy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327085820/https://www.oclc.org/en/worldcat/data-strategy.html |archive-date=2019-03-27 |access-date=2018-02-11}}</ref>


=={{anchor|Identifier}}History==
=={{anchor|Identifier}}History==
[[OCLC]] was founded in 1967 under the leadership of [[Fred Kilgour]].<ref name="Fox">{{cite news|author=Margalit Fox|title=Frederick G. Kilgour, Innovative Librarian, Dies at 92|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/02/us/02kilgour.html|quote=Frederick G. Kilgour, a distinguished librarian who nearly 40 years ago transformed a consortium of Ohio libraries into what is now the largest library cooperative in the world, making the catalogs of thousands of libraries around the globe instantly accessible to far-flung patrons, died on Monday in Chapel Hill, N.C. He was 92.|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=August 2, 2006|access-date=2009-12-22|author-link=Margalit Fox}}</ref> That same year, OCLC began to develop the union catalog technology that would later evolve into WorldCat; the first catalog records were added in 1971.<ref name="Fox" /><ref name="history">{{cite web|url=http://www.oclc.org/worldcat/catalog/timeline.en.html|title=A brief history of WorldCat|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=February 10, 2015|website= oclc.org|access-date=February 13, 2014}}</ref>
[[OCLC]] was founded in 1967 under the leadership of [[Fred Kilgour]].<ref name="Fox">{{cite news|author=Margalit Fox|title=Frederick G. Kilgour, Innovative Librarian, Dies at 92|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/02/us/02kilgour.html|quote=Frederick G. Kilgour, a distinguished librarian who nearly 40 years ago transformed a consortium of Ohio libraries into what is now the largest library cooperative in the world, making the catalogs of thousands of libraries around the globe instantly accessible to far-flung patrons, died on Monday in Chapel Hill, N.C. He was 92.|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=August 2, 2006|access-date=2009-12-22|author-link=Margalit Fox|archive-date=April 25, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425035646/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/02/us/02kilgour.html|url-status=live}}</ref> That same year, OCLC began to develop the union catalog technology that would later evolve into WorldCat; the first catalog records were added in 1971.<ref name="Fox" /><ref name="history">{{cite web|url=http://www.oclc.org/worldcat/catalog/timeline.en.html|title=A brief history of WorldCat|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=February 10, 2015|website=oclc.org|access-date=February 13, 2014|archive-date=March 18, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318100413/http://www.oclc.org/worldcat/catalog/timeline.en.html|url-status=live}}</ref>


In 2003, OCLC began the "Open WorldCat" pilot program, making abbreviated records from a subset of WorldCat available to partner web sites and booksellers, to increase the accessibility of its subscribing member libraries' collections.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=O'Neill|first=Nancy|date=Nov–Dec 2004|title=Open WorldCat Pilot: A User's Perspective|journal=Searcher|language=en|volume=12|issue=10|pages=54–60|oclc=201889986|issn=1070-4795}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Quint |first=Barbara |date=October 27, 2003 |title=OCLC project opens WorldCat records to Google |url=http://newsbreaks.infotoday.com/NewsBreaks/OCLC-Project-Opens-WorldCat-Records-to-Google-16592.asp |website=infotoday.com |publisher=[[Information Today]] |access-date=2019-06-26}}</ref>
In 2003, OCLC began the "Open WorldCat" pilot program, making abbreviated records from a subset of WorldCat available to partner web sites and booksellers, to increase the accessibility of its subscribing member libraries' collections.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=O'Neill|first=Nancy|date=Nov–Dec 2004|title=Open WorldCat Pilot: A User's Perspective|journal=Searcher|language=en|volume=12|issue=10|pages=54–60|oclc=201889986|issn=1070-4795}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Quint |first=Barbara |date=October 27, 2003 |title=OCLC project opens WorldCat records to Google |url=http://newsbreaks.infotoday.com/NewsBreaks/OCLC-Project-Opens-WorldCat-Records-to-Google-16592.asp |website=infotoday.com |publisher=[[Information Today]] |access-date=2019-06-26 |archive-date=April 11, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411194752/http://newsbreaks.infotoday.com/NewsBreaks/OCLC-Project-Opens-WorldCat-Records-to-Google-16592.asp |url-status=live }}</ref>


In October 2005, the OCLC technical staff began a [[wiki]] project, WikiD, allowing readers to add commentary and structured-field information associated with any WorldCat record.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oclc.org/research/activities/wikid.html|title=WikiD|publisher=OCLC|language=en-US|access-date=March 5, 2015}}</ref> WikiD was later phased out, although WorldCat later incorporated [[user-generated content]] in other ways.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.oclc.org/content/dam/oclc/publications/newsletters/nextspace/nextspace_007.pdf|title=A WorldCat community: using WorldCat.org to build a social network of the world's library users|last=Storey|first=Tom|date=September 2007|journal=NextSpace|access-date=2019-06-26|publisher=OCLC|issue=7|pages=16–17|issn=1559-0011|quote=Online ratings, tags, reviews, recommendations, lists, rankings, personal profiles—the social media revolution is here. It seems the world has exploded with Web 2.0, social networking tools and sites.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bertot |first1=John Carlo |last2=Berube |first2=Katy |last3=Devereaux |first3=Peter |last4=Dhakal |first4=Kerry |last5=Powers |first5=Stephen |last6=Ray |first6=Jennie |date=April 2012 |title=Assessing the usability of WorldCat Local: findings and considerations |journal=[[The Library Quarterly]] |volume=82 |issue=2 |pages=207–221 |doi=10.1086/664588 |jstor=10.1086/664588 |s2cid=61287720 |quote=Breeding [2] also makes the following observations about the benefits of the search system: the presence of a more visually appealing interface; the grouping of related material; faceted navigation; and the capability for user-generated content (e.g., reviews). Eden [3] also refers to the advantages of user-generated content possible in WCL...}}</ref>
In October 2005, the OCLC technical staff began a [[wiki]] project, WikiD, allowing readers to add commentary and structured-field information associated with any WorldCat record.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oclc.org/research/activities/wikid.html|title=WikiD|publisher=OCLC|language=en-US|access-date=March 5, 2015|archive-date=September 12, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912070425/http://www.oclc.org/research/activities/wikid.html|url-status=live}}</ref> WikiD was later phased out, although WorldCat later incorporated [[user-generated content]] in other ways.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.oclc.org/content/dam/oclc/publications/newsletters/nextspace/nextspace_007.pdf|title=A WorldCat community: using WorldCat.org to build a social network of the world's library users|last=Storey|first=Tom|date=September 2007|journal=NextSpace|access-date=2019-06-26|publisher=OCLC|issue=7|pages=16–17|issn=1559-0011|quote=Online ratings, tags, reviews, recommendations, lists, rankings, personal profiles—the social media revolution is here. It seems the world has exploded with Web 2.0, social networking tools and sites.|archive-date=August 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808053500/https://www.oclc.org/content/dam/oclc/publications/newsletters/nextspace/nextspace_007.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bertot |first1=John Carlo |last2=Berube |first2=Katy |last3=Devereaux |first3=Peter |last4=Dhakal |first4=Kerry |last5=Powers |first5=Stephen |last6=Ray |first6=Jennie |date=April 2012 |title=Assessing the usability of WorldCat Local: findings and considerations |journal=[[The Library Quarterly]] |volume=82 |issue=2 |pages=207–221 |doi=10.1086/664588 |jstor=10.1086/664588 |s2cid=61287720 |quote=Breeding [2] also makes the following observations about the benefits of the search system: the presence of a more visually appealing interface; the grouping of related material; faceted navigation; and the capability for user-generated content (e.g., reviews). Eden [3] also refers to the advantages of user-generated content possible in WCL...}}</ref>


In 2006, it became possible for anyone to search WorldCat directly at its open website WorldCat.org,<ref name="Hane">{{cite web |last=Hane |first=Paula J. |date=July 17, 2006 |title=OCLC to open WorldCat searching to the world |url=http://newsbreaks.infotoday.com/NewsBreaks/OCLC-to-Open-WorldCat-Searching-to-the-World-16951.asp |website=infotoday.com |publisher=[[Information Today]] |access-date=2019-06-26}}</ref> not only through the subscription FirstSearch interface where it had been available on the web to subscribing libraries for more than a decade before.<ref>{{cite book |last=Prucha |first=Francis Paul |date=1994 |chapter=National online library catalogs |title=Handbook for research in American history: a guide to bibliographies and other reference works |edition=2nd |location=Lincoln |publisher=[[University of Nebraska Press]] |pages=[https://archive.org/details/handbookforresea0002pruc/page/25 25–27] |isbn=0803237014 |oclc=28018047 |quote=Online Computer Library Center has developed two new programs. One is called EPIC, a new command-driven full online service with sophisticated searching features, including subject searches, intended for librarians and other experienced users. The other, designed for end-users, is FirstSearch, which contains the database materials found in EPIC or subsets of them but has a menu interface that nonspecialists find easy to use. Both EPIC and FirstSearch make available the full OCLC Online Union Catalog (called WorldCat in FirstSearch), but they also function as online database services, offering their users a wide array of other databases.}}</ref> Options for more sophisticated searches of WorldCat have remained available through the FirstSearch interface.<ref name="Hane"/>
In 2006, it became possible for anyone to search WorldCat directly at its open website WorldCat.org,<ref name="Hane">{{cite web |last=Hane |first=Paula J. |date=July 17, 2006 |title=OCLC to open WorldCat searching to the world |url=http://newsbreaks.infotoday.com/NewsBreaks/OCLC-to-Open-WorldCat-Searching-to-the-World-16951.asp |website=infotoday.com |publisher=[[Information Today]] |access-date=2019-06-26 |archive-date=May 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510194419/http://newsbreaks.infotoday.com/NewsBreaks/OCLC-to-Open-WorldCat-Searching-to-the-World-16951.asp |url-status=live }}</ref> not only through the subscription FirstSearch interface where it had been available on the web to subscribing libraries for more than a decade before.<ref>{{cite book |last=Prucha |first=Francis Paul |date=1994 |chapter=National online library catalogs |title=Handbook for research in American history: a guide to bibliographies and other reference works |edition=2nd |location=Lincoln |publisher=[[University of Nebraska Press]] |pages=[https://archive.org/details/handbookforresea0002pruc/page/25 25–27] |isbn=0803237014 |oclc=28018047 |quote=Online Computer Library Center has developed two new programs. One is called EPIC, a new command-driven full online service with sophisticated searching features, including subject searches, intended for librarians and other experienced users. The other, designed for end-users, is FirstSearch, which contains the database materials found in EPIC or subsets of them but has a menu interface that nonspecialists find easy to use. Both EPIC and FirstSearch make available the full OCLC Online Union Catalog (called WorldCat in FirstSearch), but they also function as online database services, offering their users a wide array of other databases.}}</ref> Options for more sophisticated searches of WorldCat have remained available through the FirstSearch interface.<ref name="Hane"/>


In 2007, WorldCat Identities began providing pages for 20 million "identities", which are [[metadata]] about names—predominantly authors and persons who are the subjects of published titles.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.oclc.org/content/dam/oclc/publications/newsletters/nextspace/nextspace_006.pdf|title=WorldCat Identities: Another View of the Catalog|last=Hickey|first=Thomas B.|date=April 15, 2007|journal=NextSpace|access-date=2016-01-18|publisher=OCLC|issue=6|pages=18–19|issn=1559-0011}}</ref>
In 2007, WorldCat Identities began providing pages for 20 million "identities", which are [[metadata]] about names—predominantly authors and persons who are the subjects of published titles.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.oclc.org/content/dam/oclc/publications/newsletters/nextspace/nextspace_006.pdf|title=WorldCat Identities: Another View of the Catalog|last=Hickey|first=Thomas B.|date=April 15, 2007|journal=NextSpace|access-date=2016-01-18|publisher=OCLC|issue=6|pages=18–19|issn=1559-0011|archive-date=October 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017161919/http://www.oclc.org/content/dam/oclc/publications/newsletters/nextspace/nextspace_006.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>


In 2017, OCLC's WorldCat Search [[Application programming interface|API]] was integrated into the cite tool of Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]], allowing Wikipedia editors to cite sources from WorldCat easily.<ref>{{cite web |title=OCLC and Wikipedia Library link citations to millions of library materials, expanding access to quality sources |url=https://www.oclc.org/es/news/releases/2017/201713dublin.html |date=May 11, 2017 |publisher=OCLC |website=oclc.org |access-date=April 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209200200/http://www.oclc.org/en/news/releases/2017/201713dublin.html |archive-date=December 9, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Orlowitz |first=Jake |date=May 11, 2017 |title=You can now add automatically generated citations to millions of books on Wikipedia |url=https://blog.wikimedia.org/2017/05/11/wikimedia-oclc-partnership/ |website=blog.wikimedia.org |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]] |access-date=April 25, 2020}}</ref>
In 2017, OCLC's WorldCat Search [[Application programming interface|API]] was integrated into the cite tool of Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]], allowing Wikipedia editors to cite sources from WorldCat easily.<ref>{{cite web |title=OCLC and Wikipedia Library link citations to millions of library materials, expanding access to quality sources |url=https://www.oclc.org/es/news/releases/2017/201713dublin.html |date=May 11, 2017 |publisher=OCLC |website=oclc.org |access-date=April 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209200200/http://www.oclc.org/en/news/releases/2017/201713dublin.html |archive-date=December 9, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Orlowitz |first=Jake |date=May 11, 2017 |title=You can now add automatically generated citations to millions of books on Wikipedia |url=https://blog.wikimedia.org/2017/05/11/wikimedia-oclc-partnership/ |website=blog.wikimedia.org |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]] |access-date=April 25, 2020 |archive-date=May 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523132555/https://blog.wikimedia.org/2017/05/11/wikimedia-oclc-partnership/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


Beginning in 2017, OCLC and the [[Internet Archive]] have collaborated to make the Internet Archive's records of digitized books available in WorldCat.<ref>{{cite web |last=Michalko |first=Jim |date=October 12, 2017 |title=Syncing Catalogs with thousands of Libraries in 120 Countries through OCLC |url=https://blog.archive.org/2017/10/12/syncing-catalogs-with-thousands-of-libraries-in-120-countries-through-oclc/ |website=blog.archive.org |publisher=[[Internet Archive]] |access-date=2020-07-18}}</ref>
Beginning in 2017, OCLC and the [[Internet Archive]] have collaborated to make the Internet Archive's records of digitized books available in WorldCat.<ref>{{cite web |last=Michalko |first=Jim |date=October 12, 2017 |title=Syncing Catalogs with thousands of Libraries in 120 Countries through OCLC |url=https://blog.archive.org/2017/10/12/syncing-catalogs-with-thousands-of-libraries-in-120-countries-through-oclc/ |publisher=[[Internet Archive]] Blogs |access-date=2020-07-18}}</ref>


In May 2022, OCLC announced WorldCat Entities, a new infrastructure for library [[linked data]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Price |first=Gary |date=May 24, 2022 |title=OCLC releases more than 150 million WorldCat Entities as the foundation of a linked data infrastructure |website=[[InfoDocket]] |url=https://www.infodocket.com/2022/05/24/oclc-releases-more-than-150-million-worldcat-entities-as-the-foundation-of-a-linked-data-infrastructure/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Find WorldCat Entities to improve resource discoverability through connections |website=www.oclc.org |url=https://www.oclc.org/en/worldcat/oclc-and-linked-data/worldcat-entities.html |access-date=2023-03-25 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524194654/https://www.oclc.org/en/worldcat/oclc-and-linked-data/worldcat-entities.html |archive-date=2022-05-24}}</ref> Maintenance of WorldCat Identities was suspended and the service will be discontinued as it is being replaced by WorldCat Entities.<ref>{{cite web |title=WorldCat Identities |website=OCLC |date=March 9, 2023 |url=https://www.oclc.org/research/areas/data-science/identities.html |access-date=2023-03-15 |quote=The research prototype application is no longer supported or maintained&nbsp;... We have taken the findings of the research effort and used them to start to build the WorldCat Entities data. These new Entities and their persistent URIs will serve as the foundation for future linked data services similar to those explored in the Identities Research work.}}</ref>
In May 2022, OCLC announced WorldCat Entities, a new infrastructure for [[library linked data]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Price |first=Gary |date=May 24, 2022 |title=OCLC releases more than 150 million WorldCat Entities as the foundation of a linked data infrastructure |website=[[InfoDocket]] |url=https://www.infodocket.com/2022/05/24/oclc-releases-more-than-150-million-worldcat-entities-as-the-foundation-of-a-linked-data-infrastructure/ |access-date=March 25, 2023 |archive-date=March 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325205218/https://www.infodocket.com/2022/05/24/oclc-releases-more-than-150-million-worldcat-entities-as-the-foundation-of-a-linked-data-infrastructure/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Find WorldCat Entities to improve resource discoverability through connections |website=OCLC |url=https://www.oclc.org/en/worldcat/oclc-and-linked-data/worldcat-entities.html |access-date=2023-03-25 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524194654/https://www.oclc.org/en/worldcat/oclc-and-linked-data/worldcat-entities.html |archive-date=2022-05-24}}</ref> Maintenance of WorldCat Identities was suspended and the service will be discontinued as it is being replaced by WorldCat Entities.<ref>{{cite web |title=WorldCat Identities |website=OCLC |date=March 9, 2023 |url=https://www.oclc.org/research/areas/data-science/identities.html |access-date=2023-03-15 |quote=The research prototype application is no longer supported or maintained&nbsp;... We have taken the findings of the research effort and used them to start to build the WorldCat Entities data. These new Entities and their persistent URIs will serve as the foundation for future linked data services similar to those explored in the Identities Research work. |archive-date=March 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325204006/https://www.oclc.org/research/areas/data-science/identities.html |url-status=live }}</ref>


In August 2022, OCLC launched a "redesigned and reimagined" WorldCat.org website with the stated goal "to offer greater accessibility to the collections".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.infodocket.com/2022/08/24/wc/#:~:text=The%20new%20WorldCat.org%20site,of%20hundreds%20of%20U.S.%20libraries. |first=Gary |last=Price |title=OCLC Officially Announces the Launch of a 'Redesigned and Reimagined' WorldCat.org |website=[[InfoDocket]] |date=2022-08-24 |access-date=2022-08-29}}</ref> The website now requires the use of [[JavaScript]] and is therefore no longer accessible for users of older web browsers or those that have [[:MW:No-JavaScript notes|JavaScript disabled]] for [[JavaScript#Security|security reasons]]. The update also removed users' book reviews and replaced them with reviews from [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] subsidiary [[GoodReads]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldcat.org/faq |title=Frequently Asked Questions |publisher=WorldCat |access-date=2022-08-29}}</ref>
In August 2022, OCLC launched a "redesigned and reimagined" WorldCat.org website with the stated goal "to offer greater accessibility to the collections".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.infodocket.com/2022/08/24/wc/#:~:text=The%20new%20WorldCat.org%20site,of%20hundreds%20of%20U.S.%20libraries. |first=Gary |last=Price |title=OCLC Officially Announces the Launch of a 'Redesigned and Reimagined' WorldCat.org |website=[[InfoDocket]] |date=2022-08-24 |access-date=2022-08-29 |archive-date=August 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829185846/https://www.infodocket.com/2022/08/24/wc/#:~:text=The%20new%20WorldCat.org%20site,of%20hundreds%20of%20U.S.%20libraries. |url-status=live }}</ref> The website now requires the use of [[JavaScript]] and is therefore no longer accessible for users of older web browsers or those that have [[:MW:No-JavaScript notes|JavaScript disabled]] for [[JavaScript#Security|security reasons]]. The update also removed users' book reviews and replaced them with reviews from [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] subsidiary [[GoodReads]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldcat.org/faq |title=Frequently Asked Questions |publisher=WorldCat |access-date=2022-08-29 |archive-date=August 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829193705/https://www.worldcat.org/faq |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2023, [[Anna's Archive]] [[Web scraping|scraped]] and began distributing the whole WorldCat database and was subsequently sued by OCLC in January 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Van der Sar |first=Ernesto |date=2024-02-07 |title=Lawsuit Accuses Anna's Archive of Hacking WorldCat, Stealing 2.2 TB Data |url=https://torrentfreak.com/lawsuit-accuses-annas-archive-of-hacking-worldcat-stealing-2-2-tb-data-240207/ |website=[[TorrentFreak]] |access-date=2024-03-17 |language=en}}</ref>


==System architecture==
==System architecture==
Local catalogs of many OCLC member libraries are intermittently synchronized with the WorldCat database.<ref>{{cite web |title=About data sync collections – OCLC Support |url=https://help.oclc.org/Metadata_Services/WorldShare_Collection_Manager/Data_sync_collections/About_data_sync_collections_in_Collection_Manager/About_data_sync_collections |language=en |website=www.oclc.org |date=April 14, 2017 |publisher=OCLC |access-date=2021-06-18}}</ref> WorldCat allows participating institutions to add direct links from WorldCat to their own local catalog entries for particular items, which enables the user to click through to the local catalog to quickly determine an item's real-time status (for example, whether or not it is checked out).<ref name="whatis">{{cite web |title=What is WorldCat? |work=worldcat.org |access-date=2015-02-13 |url=https://www.worldcat.org/whatis/}}</ref>
Local catalogs of many OCLC member libraries are intermittently synchronized with the WorldCat database.<ref>{{cite web |title=About data sync collections |url=https://help.oclc.org/Metadata_Services/WorldShare_Collection_Manager/Data_sync_collections/About_data_sync_collections_in_Collection_Manager/About_data_sync_collections |language=en |website=OCLC Support |date=April 14, 2017 |access-date=2021-06-18 |archive-date=June 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618153437/https://help.oclc.org/Metadata_Services/WorldShare_Collection_Manager/Data_sync_collections/About_data_sync_collections_in_Collection_Manager/About_data_sync_collections |url-status=live }}</ref> WorldCat allows participating institutions to add direct links from WorldCat to their own local catalog entries for particular items, which enables the user to click through to the local catalog to quickly determine an item's real-time status (for example, whether or not it is checked out).<ref name="whatis">{{cite web |title=What is WorldCat? |work=worldcat.org |access-date=2015-02-13 |url=https://www.worldcat.org/whatis/ |archive-date=November 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114022052/https://www.worldcat.org/whatis/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>


In a small percentage of libraries,<ref>{{cite web|access-date=April 25, 2020 |last=Schonfeld |first=Roger C. |title=What are the larger implications of Ex Libris buying Innovative? |url=https://sr.ithaka.org/blog/what-are-the-larger-implications-of-ex-libris-buying-innovative/ |website=sr.ithaka.org |date=2019-12-05 |quote=OCLC's WorldShare cloud system has yet to achieve critical mass, amounting to 10% of the academic market (but only 4% of [[Association of Research Libraries|ARL]]), and OCLC's entire public library business represents just 10% of the public library market.}} For another source of statistics on library system market share, see: {{cite web |title=Library Technology Guides: Marketshare Report |url=https://librarytechnology.org/products/marketshare.pl |website=librarytechnology.org}}</ref> the local catalog is also run by OCLC using an [[integrated library system]] called WorldCat Discovery and WorldShare Management Services.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Breeding |first=Marshall |date=March 2014 |title=OCLC announces WorldCat Discovery service |journal=Smart Libraries Newsletter |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=6–7 |url=https://librarytechnology.org/document/19032 |publisher=[[American Library Association]] |issn=1541-8820}}</ref>
In a small percentage of libraries,<ref>{{cite web |access-date=April 25, 2020 |last=Schonfeld |first=Roger C. |title=What are the larger implications of Ex Libris buying Innovative? |url=https://sr.ithaka.org/blog/what-are-the-larger-implications-of-ex-libris-buying-innovative/ |website=Ithaka S+R |date=2019-12-05 |quote=OCLC's WorldShare cloud system has yet to achieve critical mass, amounting to 10% of the academic market (but only 4% of [[Association of Research Libraries|ARL]]), and OCLC's entire public library business represents just 10% of the public library market. |archive-date=June 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612014535/https://sr.ithaka.org/blog/what-are-the-larger-implications-of-ex-libris-buying-innovative/ |url-status=live }} For another source of statistics on library system market share, see: {{cite web |title= Marketshare Report |url=https://librarytechnology.org/products/marketshare.pl |website=Library Technology Guides |access-date=June 18, 2021 |archive-date=July 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728144055/https://librarytechnology.org/products/marketshare.pl/ |url-status=live }}</ref> the local catalog is also run by OCLC using an [[integrated library system]] called WorldCat Discovery and WorldShare Management Services.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Breeding |first=Marshall |date=March 2014 |title=OCLC announces WorldCat Discovery service |journal=Smart Libraries Newsletter |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=6–7 |url=https://librarytechnology.org/document/19032 |via=Library Technology Guides |publisher=[[American Library Association]] |issn=1541-8820 |access-date=June 18, 2021 |archive-date=June 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618204755/https://librarytechnology.org/document/19032 |url-status=live }}</ref>


Library contributions to WorldCat are made via the Connexion computer program,<ref>{{cite web |title=Connexion – Features |url=https://www.oclc.org/en/connexion/features.html |language=en |website=www.oclc.org |publisher=OCLC |access-date=2021-06-18}}</ref> which was introduced in 2001; its predecessor, OCLC Passport, was phased out in May 2005.<ref>{{cite mailing list |last=Dean |first=Becky |title=OCLC Authorities migration timeline |[email protected] |date=March 3, 2005 |url=https://listserv.loc.gov/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0503&L=BIBCO&P=55 |access-date=2019-06-26}}</ref> [[Cataloging]] librarians may also use the WorldShare Record Manager<ref>{{cite web |title=WorldShare Record Manager: Record-at-a-time cataloging service |url=https://www.oclc.org/en/worldshare-record-manager.html |language=en |website=www.oclc.org |date=April 2, 2021 |publisher=OCLC |access-date=2021-06-18}}</ref> or WorldCat Metadata API<ref>{{cite web |title=WorldCat Metadata API {{!}} OCLC Developer Network |url=https://www.oclc.org/developer/develop/web-services/worldcat-metadata-api.en.html |language=en |website=www.oclc.org |publisher=OCLC |access-date=2021-06-18}}</ref> for similar purposes.<ref>{{cite web |title=OCLC cataloging application comparison |url=https://www.oclc.org/go/en/oclc-cataloging-application-comparison.html |language=en |website=www.oclc.org |publisher=OCLC |access-date=2021-06-18}}</ref>
Library contributions to WorldCat are made via the Connexion computer program,<ref>{{cite web |title=Connexion – Features |url=https://www.oclc.org/en/connexion/features.html |language=en |publisher=OCLC |access-date=2021-06-18 |archive-date=June 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201833/https://www.oclc.org/en/connexion/features.html |url-status=live }}</ref> which was introduced in 2001; its predecessor, OCLC Passport, was phased out in May 2005.<ref>{{cite mailing list |last=Dean |first=Becky |title=OCLC Authorities migration timeline |[email protected] |date=March 3, 2005 |url=https://listserv.loc.gov/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0503&L=BIBCO&P=55 |access-date=2019-06-26}}</ref> [[Cataloging]] librarians may also use the WorldShare Record Manager<ref>{{cite web |title=WorldShare Record Manager: Record-at-a-time cataloging service |url=https://www.oclc.org/en/worldshare-record-manager.html |language=en |website=www.oclc.org |date=April 2, 2021 |publisher=OCLC |access-date=2021-06-18 |archive-date=June 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624200719/https://www.oclc.org/en/worldshare-record-manager.html |url-status=live }}</ref> or WorldCat Metadata API<ref>{{cite web |title=WorldCat Metadata API {{!}} OCLC Developer Network |url=https://www.oclc.org/developer/develop/web-services/worldcat-metadata-api.en.html |language=en |publisher=OCLC |access-date=2021-06-18 |archive-date=June 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605095010/https://www.oclc.org/developer/develop/web-services/worldcat-metadata-api.en.html |url-status=live }}</ref> for similar purposes.<ref>{{cite web |title=OCLC cataloging application comparison |url=https://www.oclc.org/go/en/oclc-cataloging-application-comparison.html |language=en |publisher=OCLC |access-date=2021-06-18 |archive-date=June 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618151215/https://www.oclc.org/go/en/oclc-cataloging-application-comparison.html |url-status=live }}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 77: Line 78:
* {{cite journal |last=Breeding |first=Marshall |date=May 2015 |title=Library services platforms: a maturing genre of products |journal=Library Technology Reports |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–38 |doi=10.5860/ltr.51n4 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Breeding |first=Marshall |date=May 2015 |title=Library services platforms: a maturing genre of products |journal=Library Technology Reports |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=1–38 |doi=10.5860/ltr.51n4 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Matthews |first=Joseph R. |date=July 2016 |title=An environmental scan of OCLC alternatives: a management perspective |journal=Public Library Quarterly |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=175–187 |doi=10.1080/01616846.2016.1210440|doi-access=free }}
* {{cite journal |last=Matthews |first=Joseph R. |date=July 2016 |title=An environmental scan of OCLC alternatives: a management perspective |journal=Public Library Quarterly |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=175–187 |doi=10.1080/01616846.2016.1210440|doi-access=free }}
* {{cite techreport |last=McKenzie |first=Elizabeth |date=January 2012 |title=OCLC changes its rules for use of records in WorldCat: library community pushback through blogs and cultures of resistance|number=Research paper 12-06|location=Boston |institution=[[Suffolk University Law School]]|url=https://ssrn.com/abstract=1988221}}
* {{cite tech report |last=McKenzie |first=Elizabeth |date=January 2012 |title=OCLC changes its rules for use of records in WorldCat: library community pushback through blogs and cultures of resistance|number=Research paper 12-06|location=Boston |institution=[[Suffolk University Law School]]|url=https://ssrn.com/abstract=1988221}}
* {{cite book|date=1997|title=What the OCLC online union catalog means to me: a collection of essays|location=Dublin, Ohio|publisher=OCLC|isbn=1556532237|oclc=37492023}}
* {{cite book|date=1997|title=What the OCLC online union catalog means to me: a collection of essays|location=Dublin, Ohio|publisher=OCLC|isbn=1556532237|oclc=37492023}}
* {{cite journal|last=Wilson|first=Kristen|date=August 2016|title=The knowledge base at the center of the universe|journal=Library Technology Reports|volume=52|issue=6|pages=1–35|doi=10.5860/ltr.52n6 }}
* {{cite journal|last=Wilson|first=Kristen|date=August 2016|title=The knowledge base at the center of the universe|journal=Library Technology Reports|volume=52|issue=6|pages=1–35|doi=10.5860/ltr.52n6 }}
* {{cite web |title=WorldCat data licensing|url=https://www.oclc.org/content/dam/oclc/worldcat/documents/worldcat-data-licensing.pdf|website=oclc.org|access-date=2018-12-31}} See also: {{cite web|title=Data licenses & attribution |url=https://www.oclc.org/developer/develop/data-sets/attribution.en.html|website=oclc.org| date=January 14, 2017|access-date=2018-12-31}} Information about licensing of WorldCat records and some other OCLC data.
* {{cite web|title=WorldCat data licensing|url=https://www.oclc.org/content/dam/oclc/worldcat/documents/worldcat-data-licensing.pdf |publisher=OCLC |access-date=2018-12-31|archive-date=December 31, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231200433/https://www.oclc.org/content/dam/oclc/worldcat/documents/worldcat-data-licensing.pdf|url-status=live}} See also: {{cite web|title=Data licenses & attribution|url=https://www.oclc.org/developer/develop/data-sets/attribution.en.html|website=oclc.org|date=January 14, 2017|access-date=2018-12-31|archive-date=December 31, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231201227/https://www.oclc.org/developer/develop/data-sets/attribution.en.html|url-status=live}} Information about licensing of WorldCat records and some other OCLC data.
{{Refend}}
{{Refend}}


Latest revision as of 19:54, 24 June 2024

WorldCat
Five-color WorldCat emblem, with WorldCat in black letters and OCLC in smaller grey letters
Screenshot
WorldCat homepage as of June 2019
Type of site
Network of library content and services
Available in13 languages[1]
List of languages
  • Chinese (Simplified)
  • Chinese (Traditional)
  • Czech
  • Dutch
  • English
  • French
  • German
  • Italian
  • Korean
  • Japanese
  • Portuguese
  • Spanish
  • Thai
  • Urdu
OwnerOCLC
URLsearch.worldcat.org Edit this at Wikidata
CommercialNo
RegistrationOptional, but some features require registration (such as writing reviews and making lists or bibliographies)
LaunchedJanuary 21, 1998; 26 years ago (1998-01-21) (date of registry of the new domain name; the database has existed since 1971)[2]
Current statusOnline
Content license
Copyright policy
OCLC number756372754

WorldCat is a union catalog that itemizes the collections of tens of thousands of institutions (mostly libraries), in many countries, that are current or past members of the OCLC global cooperative.[3] It is operated by OCLC, Inc.[4] Many of the OCLC member libraries collectively maintain WorldCat's database, the world's largest bibliographic database.[5] The database includes other information sources in addition to member library collections.[6] OCLC makes WorldCat itself available free to libraries, but the catalog is the foundation for other subscription OCLC services (such as resource sharing and collection management). WorldCat is used by librarians for cataloging and research and by the general public.

As of December 2021, WorldCat contained over 540 million bibliographic records in 483 languages, representing over 3 billion physical and digital library assets,[4] and the WorldCat persons dataset (mined from WorldCat) included over 100 million people.[7]

History[edit]

OCLC was founded in 1967 under the leadership of Fred Kilgour.[8] That same year, OCLC began to develop the union catalog technology that would later evolve into WorldCat; the first catalog records were added in 1971.[8][9]

In 2003, OCLC began the "Open WorldCat" pilot program, making abbreviated records from a subset of WorldCat available to partner web sites and booksellers, to increase the accessibility of its subscribing member libraries' collections.[10][11]

In October 2005, the OCLC technical staff began a wiki project, WikiD, allowing readers to add commentary and structured-field information associated with any WorldCat record.[12] WikiD was later phased out, although WorldCat later incorporated user-generated content in other ways.[13][14]

In 2006, it became possible for anyone to search WorldCat directly at its open website WorldCat.org,[15] not only through the subscription FirstSearch interface where it had been available on the web to subscribing libraries for more than a decade before.[16] Options for more sophisticated searches of WorldCat have remained available through the FirstSearch interface.[15]

In 2007, WorldCat Identities began providing pages for 20 million "identities", which are metadata about names—predominantly authors and persons who are the subjects of published titles.[17]

In 2017, OCLC's WorldCat Search API was integrated into the cite tool of Wikipedia's VisualEditor, allowing Wikipedia editors to cite sources from WorldCat easily.[18][19]

Beginning in 2017, OCLC and the Internet Archive have collaborated to make the Internet Archive's records of digitized books available in WorldCat.[20]

In May 2022, OCLC announced WorldCat Entities, a new infrastructure for library linked data.[21][22] Maintenance of WorldCat Identities was suspended and the service will be discontinued as it is being replaced by WorldCat Entities.[23]

In August 2022, OCLC launched a "redesigned and reimagined" WorldCat.org website with the stated goal "to offer greater accessibility to the collections".[24] The website now requires the use of JavaScript and is therefore no longer accessible for users of older web browsers or those that have JavaScript disabled for security reasons. The update also removed users' book reviews and replaced them with reviews from Amazon subsidiary GoodReads.[25]

In 2023, Anna's Archive scraped and began distributing the whole WorldCat database and was subsequently sued by OCLC in January 2024.[26]

System architecture[edit]

Local catalogs of many OCLC member libraries are intermittently synchronized with the WorldCat database.[27] WorldCat allows participating institutions to add direct links from WorldCat to their own local catalog entries for particular items, which enables the user to click through to the local catalog to quickly determine an item's real-time status (for example, whether or not it is checked out).[28]

In a small percentage of libraries,[29] the local catalog is also run by OCLC using an integrated library system called WorldCat Discovery and WorldShare Management Services.[30]

Library contributions to WorldCat are made via the Connexion computer program,[31] which was introduced in 2001; its predecessor, OCLC Passport, was phased out in May 2005.[32] Cataloging librarians may also use the WorldShare Record Manager[33] or WorldCat Metadata API[34] for similar purposes.[35]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Search for library items". WorldCat. OCLC. Archived from the original on September 22, 2007. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
  2. ^ 1998 is the date of registry of the WorldCat.org domain; see: "WorldCat.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools". WHOIS. Archived from the original on June 20, 2019. Retrieved January 21, 2017. However, the union catalog that became WorldCat was started three decades earlier, and it was already available on the web to subscriber libraries at OCLC.org several years before WorldCat.org was a registered domain name; see: "OCLC.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools". WHOIS. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved June 26, 2019.
  3. ^ The 2012–2013 OCLC Annual Report noted that the number of "participating libraries (includes active and inactive symbols)" was 78,985: 2012–2013 OCLC Annual Report (Report). p. 5. OCLC 1226313226. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  4. ^ a b "Inside WorldCat". OCLC. Archived from the original on January 30, 2017. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  5. ^ Oswald, Godfrey (2017). "Largest unified international library catalog". Library world records (3rd ed.). Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. p. 291. ISBN 9781476667775. OCLC 959650095.
  6. ^ "Content available through WorldCat Discovery" (XLS). OCLC. Archived from the original on September 22, 2020. Retrieved September 22, 2020.
  7. ^ "Data strategy [WorldCat]". oclc.org. Archived from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  8. ^ a b Margalit Fox (August 2, 2006). "Frederick G. Kilgour, Innovative Librarian, Dies at 92". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 25, 2009. Retrieved December 22, 2009. Frederick G. Kilgour, a distinguished librarian who nearly 40 years ago transformed a consortium of Ohio libraries into what is now the largest library cooperative in the world, making the catalogs of thousands of libraries around the globe instantly accessible to far-flung patrons, died on Monday in Chapel Hill, N.C. He was 92.
  9. ^ "A brief history of WorldCat". oclc.org. February 10, 2015. Archived from the original on March 18, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
  10. ^ O'Neill, Nancy (November–December 2004). "Open WorldCat Pilot: A User's Perspective". Searcher. 12 (10): 54–60. ISSN 1070-4795. OCLC 201889986.
  11. ^ Quint, Barbara (October 27, 2003). "OCLC project opens WorldCat records to Google". infotoday.com. Information Today. Archived from the original on April 11, 2015. Retrieved June 26, 2019.
  12. ^ "WikiD". OCLC. Archived from the original on September 12, 2012. Retrieved March 5, 2015.
  13. ^ Storey, Tom (September 2007). "A WorldCat community: using WorldCat.org to build a social network of the world's library users" (PDF). NextSpace (7). OCLC: 16–17. ISSN 1559-0011. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 8, 2019. Retrieved June 26, 2019. Online ratings, tags, reviews, recommendations, lists, rankings, personal profiles—the social media revolution is here. It seems the world has exploded with Web 2.0, social networking tools and sites.
  14. ^ Bertot, John Carlo; Berube, Katy; Devereaux, Peter; Dhakal, Kerry; Powers, Stephen; Ray, Jennie (April 2012). "Assessing the usability of WorldCat Local: findings and considerations". The Library Quarterly. 82 (2): 207–221. doi:10.1086/664588. JSTOR 10.1086/664588. S2CID 61287720. Breeding [2] also makes the following observations about the benefits of the search system: the presence of a more visually appealing interface; the grouping of related material; faceted navigation; and the capability for user-generated content (e.g., reviews). Eden [3] also refers to the advantages of user-generated content possible in WCL...
  15. ^ a b Hane, Paula J. (July 17, 2006). "OCLC to open WorldCat searching to the world". infotoday.com. Information Today. Archived from the original on May 10, 2020. Retrieved June 26, 2019.
  16. ^ Prucha, Francis Paul (1994). "National online library catalogs". Handbook for research in American history: a guide to bibliographies and other reference works (2nd ed.). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 25–27. ISBN 0803237014. OCLC 28018047. Online Computer Library Center has developed two new programs. One is called EPIC, a new command-driven full online service with sophisticated searching features, including subject searches, intended for librarians and other experienced users. The other, designed for end-users, is FirstSearch, which contains the database materials found in EPIC or subsets of them but has a menu interface that nonspecialists find easy to use. Both EPIC and FirstSearch make available the full OCLC Online Union Catalog (called WorldCat in FirstSearch), but they also function as online database services, offering their users a wide array of other databases.
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  20. ^ Michalko, Jim (October 12, 2017). "Syncing Catalogs with thousands of Libraries in 120 Countries through OCLC". Internet Archive Blogs. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
  21. ^ Price, Gary (May 24, 2022). "OCLC releases more than 150 million WorldCat Entities as the foundation of a linked data infrastructure". InfoDocket. Archived from the original on March 25, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.
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  23. ^ "WorldCat Identities". OCLC. March 9, 2023. Archived from the original on March 25, 2023. Retrieved March 15, 2023. The research prototype application is no longer supported or maintained ... We have taken the findings of the research effort and used them to start to build the WorldCat Entities data. These new Entities and their persistent URIs will serve as the foundation for future linked data services similar to those explored in the Identities Research work.
  24. ^ Price, Gary (August 24, 2022). "OCLC Officially Announces the Launch of a 'Redesigned and Reimagined' WorldCat.org". InfoDocket. Archived from the original on August 29, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2022.
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Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

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