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| title = [[Bishop of Rome]]
| title = [[Bishop of Rome]]
| church = [[Early Church]]
| church = [[Early Church]]
| image = Evaristus at St Paul.gif
| image = Pope Saint Evaristus (by Sandro Botticelli) – Sistine Chapel (1481).jpg
| caption = Pope Evaristus, 15th century
⚫
| term_start = {{circa}} 99
| term_end = {{circa}} 107
| term_start = {{circa}} 100
⚫
| term_end = {{circa}} 108
| predecessor = [[Clement of Rome|Clement I]]
| predecessor = [[Clement of Rome|Clement I]]
| successor = [[Pope Alexander I|Alexander I]]
| successor = [[Pope Alexander I|Alexander I]]
| birth_date =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Bethlehem]], [[Judea (Roman province)|Judea]]
| birth_place = [[Bethlehem]], [[Judea (Roman province)|Judea]]
| death_date = {{circa}} 107
| death_date = {{circa}} 108
| death_place = [[Rome]], [[Roman Empire]]
| death_place = [[Rome]], [[Roman Empire]]
| feast_day = 26 October
| feast_day = 26 October
}}
}}
'''Pope Evaristus''' ([[Greek language|Greek]]: Ευάριστος) was the [[bishop of Rome]] from {{circa|lk=no}} 99 to his death {{circa|lk=no}} 107.<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Pope St. Evaristus}}</ref><ref>According to ''[[Annuario Pontificio]]'', he died in 108.</ref> He was also known as '''Aristus''' and is venerated as a saint in the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]],<ref>{{cite web| url = http://orthodoxengland.org.uk/ortpopes.htm| title = Orthodox England – The Holy Orthodox Popes of Rome}}</ref> the [[Catholic Church]], and [[Oriental Orthodoxy]]. It is likely that [[John the Apostle]] died during his reign period, marking the end of the [[Apostolic Age]].
'''Pope Evaristus''' ([[Greek language|Greek]]: Ευάριστος) was the [[bishop of Rome]] from {{Circa}} 99/100 to his death in 107/108.<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Pope St. Evaristus}}</ref><ref>According to ''[[Annuario Pontificio]]'', he died in 108.</ref> He was also known as '''Aristus''' and is venerated as a saint in the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]],<ref>{{cite web| url = http://orthodoxengland.org.uk/ortpopes.htm| title = Orthodox England – The Holy Orthodox Popes of Rome}}</ref> the [[Catholic Church]], and [[Oriental Orthodoxy]]. It is likely that [[John the Apostle]] died during his reign period, marking the end of the [[Apostolic Age]].


==Biography==
==Biography==
[[File:2018-12-30 10.54.09 Evaristo e0.jpg|thumb|Evaristus I depicted in marble in [[Saint Peter's Basilica]]]]
[[File:2018-12-30 10.54.09 Evaristo e0.jpg|thumb|Evaristus I depicted in marble in [[Saint Peter's Basilica]]]]
According to the [[Liber Pontificalis]], he was a Greek by birth, fathered by a Jew named Judah from the city of Bethlehem.<ref name="(bibliothecarius)1602">{{cite book|author=Anastasius (bibliothecarius)|title=Bibliothecarii Historia, de vitis romanorvm pontificvm a b.Petro apostolo vsqve ad Nicolavm I. nunquam hactenus typis excusa. Deinde Vita Hadriani II. et Stephani VI. auctore Gvilielmo Bibliothecario. Ex bibliotheca Marci Velseri ... Accessere variae lectiones, partim ex codie. mss. Biblioth. vaticanae, partim ex conciliorum tomis, Annalibus ecclesiast. Caes. Baronij ... exceptae|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3ZLAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA3|year=1602|publisher=in typographeio I. Albini|pages=3|quote=1 Euaristus, natione Grecus, ex patre Iudaeo nomine Iuda, de ciuitate Bethleem, sedit ann. VIIII m. X d. II. Fuit autem temporibus Domitiani et Neruae Traiani, a consulatu Valentis et Veteris (96) usque ad Gallo et Bradua consulibus (108). Martyrio coronatur. 2 Hic titulos in urbe Roma diuidit presbiteris et VII diaconos ordinauit qui custodirent episcopum praedicantem, propter stilum ueritatis. 3 Hic fecit ordinationes III per mens. Decemb., presbiteros XVII, diaconos II; episcopos per diuersa loca XV. Qui etiam sepultus est iuxta corpus beati Petri, in Vaticanum, VI kal. Nouemb. Et cessauit episcopatus dies XVIIII.}}</ref> He was elected during the reign of the [[Roman emperor]] [[Trajan]], and succeeded [[Pope Clement I|Clement I]] in the [[Holy See|See of Rome]]. He divided titles among the priests in the city of [[Rome]], and ordained seven deacons to assist with the bishop's preaching.
According to the ''[[Liber Pontificalis]]'', he was a Greek by birth, fathered by a Jew named Judah from the city of Bethlehem.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Loomis |first=Louise Ropes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N1KMTRsvPGUC&pg=PA4 |title=The Book of the Popes (Liber Pontificalis) |date=2006 |publisher=Arx Publishing, LLC |isbn=978-1-889758-86-2 |page= |pages=9-10 |orig-date=1917}} See also the [https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/liberpontificalis1.html original Latin].</ref> [[Eusebius]], in his ''[[Ecclesiastical History (Eusebius)|Ecclesiastical History]]'', states that Evaristus took office in the 3rd year of [[Trajan]]'s reign,<ref>''Ecclesiastical History'' [https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf201.iii.viii.xxxiv.html VIII, 34] (Eusebius first states Evaristus hold the office for 9 years). The truth is, as the monarchical episcopate was not yet existing in Rome, it is useless to attempt to fix his dates, or those of any of the other so-called bishops who lived before the second quarter of the second century.</ref> which correspond to AD 99/100,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burgess |first=Richard W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9R_CGC9wL9MC&pg=PA29 |title=Studies in Eusebian and Post-Eusebian Chronography |date=1999 |publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag |isbn=978-3-515-07530-5 |pages=29}} More exactly, the period between October AD 99 and October AD 100 according to the calendar of [[Caesarea Maritima]].</ref> and died in the 12th year of the same reign (AD 108/109) after holding the office for nine years.<ref>''Ecclesiastical History'' [https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf201.iii.ix.i.html IX, 1]. He writes 9 years in Book VIII, but writes 8 years in Book IX. </ref> He divided titles among the priests in the city of [[Rome]], and ordained seven deacons to assist with the bishop's preaching.<ref name=":0" />


According to the book, <i>The Externals of the Catholic Church</i>, Evaristus decreed that “in accordance with Apostolic tradition marriage should be celebrated publicly and with the blessing of the priest”.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Externals of the Catholic Church |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Km0hCgAAQBAJ| last1=Sullivan | first1=Reverend John F. | year=1918 | publisher=Aeterna Press }}</ref>
According to Reverend John F. Sullivan, Evaristus decreed that “in accordance with Apostolic tradition marriage should be celebrated publicly and with the blessing of the priest”.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Externals of the Catholic Church |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Km0hCgAAQBAJ| last1=Sullivan | first1=Reverend John F. | year=1918 | publisher=Aeterna Press }}</ref> [[Liber Pontificalis]] further describes him as the one "crowned with martyrdom".<ref name=":0" /> The same is indicated also by French historian [[Alexis-François Artaud de Montor]].<ref>{{cite book | author = Alexis-François Artaud de Montor | author-link = Alexis-François Artaud de Montor |url = https://archive.org/details/livesofpopes01artauoft | title = The lives and times of the popes : including the complete gallery of the portraits of the pontiffs reproduced from "Effigies pontificum romanorum Dominici Basae": being a series of volumes giving the history of the world during the Christian era | year = 1911 | page = [https://archive.org/details/livesofpopes01artauoft/page/n38 21] | via = [[Internet Archive|archive.org]] }} Quote: "Ignatius died of the wounds that were inflicted by ferocious beasts; Evaristus died under the hands of executioners, more cruel than the wild beasts themselves."</ref> However, in the [[Roman Martyrology]] he is listed without the [[martyr]] title, with a feast day on 26 October.<ref>"Martyrologium Romanum" (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2001 {{ISBN|88-209-7210-7}})</ref>

[[Eusebius]], in his ''[[Church History (Eusebius)|Church History]]'' IV, I, stated that Evaristus died in the 12th year of the reign of Emperor [[Trajan]] after holding the office of bishop of the Romans for eight years.

[[Liber Pontificalis]] further describes him as the one "crowned with martyrdom".<ref>{{cite book | title = LIBER PONTIFICALIS | url = https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/liberpontificalis1.html}} Quote: "Martyrio coronatur."</ref> The same is indicated also by the book "The lives and times of the popes".<ref>{{cite book | author = Alexis-François Artaud de Montor | author-link = Alexis-François Artaud de Montor |url = https://archive.org/details/livesofpopes01artauoft | title = The lives and times of the popes : including the complete gallery of the portraits of the pontiffs reproduced from "Effigies pontificum romanorum Dominici Basae": being a series of volumes giving the history of the world during the Christian era | year = 1911 | page = [https://archive.org/details/livesofpopes01artauoft/page/n38 21] | via = [[Internet Archive|archive.org]] }} Quote: "Ignatius died of the wounds that were inflicted by ferocious beasts; Evaristus died under the hands of executioners, more cruel than the wild beasts themselves."</ref> However, in the [[Roman Martyrology]] he is listed without the [[martyr]] title, with a feast day on 26 October.<ref>"Martyrologium Romanum" (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2001 {{ISBN|88-209-7210-7}})</ref>


Pope Evaristus is buried near the body of [[Saint Peter]] in the Vatican, in the [[Saint Peter's tomb]] under the [[Saint Peter's Basilica]].<ref>[[List of popes]]</ref>
Pope Evaristus is buried near the body of [[Saint Peter]] in the Vatican, in the [[Saint Peter's tomb]] under the [[Saint Peter's Basilica]].<ref>[[List of popes]]</ref>

Latest revision as of 04:18, 21 July 2024

"Aristus" redirects here. For other people with this name, see Aristus (disambiguation).
Pope Saint

Evaristus
Bishop of Rome
Pope Evaristus, 15th century
ChurchEarly Church
Papacy beganc. 100
Papacy endedc. 108
PredecessorClement I
SuccessorAlexander I
Personal details
Born
Bethlehem, Judea
Diedc. 108
Rome, Roman Empire
Sainthood
Feast day26 October

Pope Evaristus (Greek: Ευάριστος) was the bishop of Rome from c. 99/100 to his death in 107/108.[1][2] He was also known as Aristus and is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church,[3] the Catholic Church, and Oriental Orthodoxy. It is likely that John the Apostle died during his reign period, marking the end of the Apostolic Age.

Biography

[edit]
Evaristus I depicted in marble in Saint Peter's Basilica

According to the Liber Pontificalis, he was a Greek by birth, fathered by a Jew named Judah from the city of Bethlehem.[4] Eusebius, in his Ecclesiastical History, states that Evaristus took office in the 3rd year of Trajan's reign,[5] which correspond to AD 99/100,[6] and died in the 12th year of the same reign (AD 108/109) after holding the office for nine years.[7] He divided titles among the priests in the city of Rome, and ordained seven deacons to assist with the bishop's preaching.[4]

According to Reverend John F. Sullivan, Evaristus decreed that “in accordance with Apostolic tradition marriage should be celebrated publicly and with the blessing of the priest”.[8] Liber Pontificalis further describes him as the one "crowned with martyrdom".[4] The same is indicated also by French historian Alexis-François Artaud de Montor.[9] However, in the Roman Martyrology he is listed without the martyr title, with a feast day on 26 October.[10]

Pope Evaristus is buried near the body of Saint Peter in the Vatican, in the Saint Peter's tomb under the Saint Peter's Basilica.[11]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Pope St. Evaristus" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  2. ^ According to Annuario Pontificio, he died in 108.
  3. ^ "Orthodox England – The Holy Orthodox Popes of Rome".
  4. ^ a b c Loomis, Louise Ropes (2006) [1917]. The Book of the Popes (Liber Pontificalis). Arx Publishing, LLC. pp. 9–10. ISBN 978-1-889758-86-2. See also the original Latin.
  5. ^ Ecclesiastical History VIII, 34 (Eusebius first states Evaristus hold the office for 9 years). The truth is, as the monarchical episcopate was not yet existing in Rome, it is useless to attempt to fix his dates, or those of any of the other so-called bishops who lived before the second quarter of the second century.
  6. ^ Burgess, Richard W. (1999). Studies in Eusebian and Post-Eusebian Chronography. Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 29. ISBN 978-3-515-07530-5. More exactly, the period between October AD 99 and October AD 100 according to the calendar of Caesarea Maritima.
  7. ^ Ecclesiastical History IX, 1. He writes 9 years in Book VIII, but writes 8 years in Book IX.
  8. ^ Sullivan, Reverend John F. (1918). The Externals of the Catholic Church. Aeterna Press.
  9. ^ Alexis-François Artaud de Montor (1911). The lives and times of the popes : including the complete gallery of the portraits of the pontiffs reproduced from "Effigies pontificum romanorum Dominici Basae": being a series of volumes giving the history of the world during the Christian era. p. 21 – via archive.org. Quote: "Ignatius died of the wounds that were inflicted by ferocious beasts; Evaristus died under the hands of executioners, more cruel than the wild beasts themselves."
  10. ^ "Martyrologium Romanum" (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2001 ISBN 88-209-7210-7)
  11. ^ List of popes
[edit]
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