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{{About|the test flights of Starship upper stage prototypes|a complete list of Starship launches|List of Starship launches}} |
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{{Current|date=June 2024|2=current spaceflight event}} |
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[[File:SpaceX Starship SN8 launch as viewed from South Padre Island.jpg|thumb|The launch of SpaceX's [[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)#SN8 and SN9|SN8]] Starship prototype]] |
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[[SpaceX]] conducted eleven flight tests of [[Test article (aerospace)|prototype]] rockets for the [[SpaceX Starship|Starship]] development program from 2019 to 2021. These tests only included prototypes of the [[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)|ship]], or upper stage, rather than the full two-stage Starship launch vehicle. The scope of these tests ranged from short tethered engine firings<ref name="nsf20190404">{{Cite web |last=Gebhardt |first=Chris |date=2019-04-04 |title=Starhopper conducts Raptor Static Fire tests |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/04/starhopper-first-flight-starship-superheavy-updates/ |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=NASASpaceFlight.com |language=en-US}}</ref> to launches to approximately 10 km with landing attempts.<ref name="nsf20201209">{{Cite web |last=Bergin |first=Chris |date=2020-12-09 |title=From hops to hopes - Starship SN8 advances test program into the next phase |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/12/from-hops-hopes-starship-sn8-test-program-next-phase/ |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=NASASpaceFlight.com |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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SpaceX began testing with the test article ''[[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)#Starhopper|Starhopper]]'' in 2019, including two short hops with the article tethered to the ground.<ref name="nsf20190404" /> ''Starhopper'' and two early ship prototypes, [[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)#SN5 and SN6|SN5]] and [[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)#SN5 and SN6|SN6]], then completed untethered flights.<ref name="ars20190726">{{Cite web |last=Berger |first=Eric |date=2019-07-26 |title=SpaceX's Starship prototype has taken flight for the first time |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/07/spacexs-starship-prototype-has-taken-flight-for-the-first-time/ |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us}}</ref><ref name="nsf20190827">{{Cite web |last=Baylor |first=Michael |date=2019-08-27 |title=SpaceX's Starhopper completes 150 meter test hop |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/faa-spacexs-starhopper-hop/ |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=NASASpaceFlight.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="nsf20200817">{{Cite web |last=Bergin |first=Chris |date=2020-08-17 |title=SN6 begins test campaign as future Starships hatch plans for SpaceX's next leap |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/08/sn6-campaign-future-starships-hatch-next-leap/ |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=NASASpaceFlight.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Five ships, beginning with [[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)#SN8 and SN9|SN8]], performed flights to approximately 12.5 km (SN8 only) or 10 km.<ref name="eda20201110">{{Cite web |last=Cotton |first=Ethan |date=2020-11-10 |title=Starship SN8 {{!}} 12.5-kilometer hop |url=https://everydayastronaut.com/starship-sn8-12-5-kilometer-hop/ |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=Everyday Astronaut |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="eda20210124" /> On descent, the ships flipped into a "belly flop" maneuver, falling in the horizontal position with aerodynamic control from the four body flaps. This was to simulate the descent after [[Atmospheric entry|atmospheric reentry]] on an orbital mission.<ref name="space20201209">{{Cite web |author1=Mike Wall |date=2020-12-09 |title=SpaceX's Starship SN8 prototype soars on epic test launch, with explosive landing |url=https://www.space.com/spacex-starship-sn8-test-launch-landing-explosion |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=Space.com |language=en}}</ref> After falling to an altitude of about 500 m, the engines relit and flipped the ships vertical for landing on a concrete pad, with varying degrees of success.<ref name="eda20210423">{{Cite web |last=DeSisto |first=Austin |date=2021-04-23 |title=Starship and its Belly Flop Maneuver |url=https://everydayastronaut.com/starships-belly-flop-maneuver/ |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=Everyday Astronaut |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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'''SpaceX Starship flight tests''' include fourteen launches of [[Test article (aerospace)|prototype]] rockets during 2019–2024 for the [[SpaceX Starship]] [[launch vehicle]] development program.<!-- while all 11 were technically [[Sub-orbital spaceflight|sub-orbital]], none were suborbital '''space'''flight; they were just simple ascent/descent tests, all at 12.5 km altiude or below. --> |
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Eleven test flights were of single-stage [[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)|Starship spacecraft]] flying low-altitude tests (2019–2021),{{efn|Not including tethered, short hops of ''Starhopper'' on 3 and 5 April 2019.|group=lower-alpha}}<ref>{{cite web |last=Cotton |first=Ethan |date=10 November 2020 |title=Starship SN8 12.5-Kilometer hop |url=https://everydayastronaut.com/starship-sn8-12-5-kilometer-hop/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128062747/https://everydayastronaut.com/starship-sn8-12-5-kilometer-hop/ |archive-date=28 January 2021 |access-date=5 December 2020 |website=[[Everyday Astronaut]]}}</ref> while three were [[orbital spaceflight|orbital]] trajectory flights of the entire [[SpaceX Starship|Starship launch vehicle]] (2023–2024), consisting of a Starship spacecraft [[Second stage|second-stage]] prototype atop a [[SpaceX Super Heavy|Super Heavy]] first-stage booster prototype.<ref name="SpxIFT3review">{{Cite web |title=Starship's Third Flight Test |url=https://www.spacex.com/launches/mission/?missionId=starship-flight-3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240306183144/https://www.spacex.com/launches/mission/?missionId=starship-flight-3 |archive-date=6 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=SpaceX |language=en}}</ref> None of the flights to date has carried an operational [[payload]]. More flight tests are planned in 2024 and 2025. |
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== Flight History == |
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Designed and operated by private manufacturer [[SpaceX]], the [[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)#Development|prototype Starship]] and [[SpaceX Super Heavy#Development|Super Heavy]] vehicles flown to date are ''[[Starhopper]]'', [[Starship SN5|SN5]], [[Starship SN6|SN6]], [[Starship SN8|SN8]], [[Starship SN9|SN9]], [[Starship SN10|SN10]], [[Starship SN11|SN11]], [[Starship SN15|SN15]], [[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)#Ship 24 and Ship 25|Ship 24]]/[[SpaceX Super Heavy#B7–B8|B7]], [[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)#Ship 24 and Ship 25|Ship 25]]/[[SpaceX Super Heavy#B9–B12|B9]], and [[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)#Ship 28 – Ship 32|Ship 28]]/[[SpaceX Super Heavy#B9–B12|B10]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Malik |first1=Tariq |last2=Wall |first2=Mike |date=2023-04-20 |title=SpaceX's 1st Starship launches on epic test flight, explodes in 'rapid unscheduled disassembly' |url=https://www.space.com/spacex-starship-first-space-launch |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920015150/https://www.space.com/spacex-starship-first-space-launch |archive-date=20 September 2023 |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=[[Space.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Stephen |date=2023-11-18 |title=Starship brought the thunder as it climbed into space for the first time |url=https://arstechnica.com/space/2023/11/spacex-can-celebrate-three-big-wins-after-second-starship-test-flight/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119102852/https://arstechnica.com/space/2023/11/spacex-can-celebrate-three-big-wins-after-second-starship-test-flight/ |archive-date=19 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=[[Ars Technica]] |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Wattles |first1=Jackie |last2=Strickland |first2=Ashley |date=2024-03-14 |title=SpaceX's Starship hits key milestones in test flight but is lost now |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/14/world/starship-launch-spacex-scn/index.html |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=[[CNN]] |archive-date=14 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314150825/https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/14/world/starship-launch-spacex-scn/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>{{efn|In hardware prototyping, the term Serial Number is abbreviated to "SN", and shows the chronological order of production between prototypes. The Starship spacecraft, after SN19, began to be referred to with only the S, for Ship, as in S24. The Superheavy booster had also initially been labeled with BN, as in BN3, for Booster Number, but had shifted to B, as in B7, for Booster. This shift occurred around the same time as the shift from SN to S and likely occurred because of the focus on orbital flight configurations following the stacking of S20 and B4, the first Ship and Booster respectively to be labeled as such.}} |
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Starship is planned to be a [[reusable launch vehicle|fully-reusable]] [[two-stage-to-orbit|two-stage]] [[super heavy-lift launch vehicle]],<ref name="sx20190930">{{cite web|title=Starship|publisher=SpaceX |url=https://www.spacex.com/starship|access-date=30 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930163150/https://www.spacex.com/starship|archive-date=30 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and this affects expansion of the [[flight envelope]] during the long-running flight test program. Unusual for previous launch vehicle and spacecraft designs, the upper stage of Starship is intended to function both as a second stage to reach [[orbital speed|orbital velocity]] on launches from [[Earth]], and also as a long-duration spacecraft.<ref name="cnbc20200901">{{cite news |last=Sheetz |first=Michael |date=1 September 2020 |title=Elon Musk says SpaceX's Starship rocket will launch "hundreds of missions" before flying people |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/09/01/elon-musk-spacex-starship-to-fly-hundreds-of-missions-before-people.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902190003/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/09/01/elon-musk-spacex-starship-to-fly-hundreds-of-missions-before-people.html |archive-date=2 September 2020 |access-date=7 February 2021 |work=[[CNBC]] |publisher=}}</ref> It is being designed to take people to Mars and beyond into the [[Solar System]].<ref name=spacex20190928>{{cite AV media |date=29 September 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOpMrVnjYeY |title=Starship Update |publisher=[[SpaceX]] |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=21 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213135213/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOpMrVnjYeY |archive-date=13 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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== Nomenclature == |
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SpaceX calls the entire launch vehicle "Starship", which consists of the [[SpaceX Super Heavy|Super Heavy]] first-stage [[Booster (rocketry)|booster]] and the ambiguously named [[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)|Starship second-stage]].<ref name="Amos-2021">{{cite web |last=Amos |first=Jonathan |date=6 August 2021 |title=Biggest ever rocket is assembled briefly in Texas |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-58120874 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811063944/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-58120874 |archive-date=11 August 2021 |access-date=30 May 2022 |work=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> To avoid confusion, "Starship" in this article on the flight testing phase (2019–2024) means the second-stage, while the complete launch vehicle will be referred by the particular prototype booster and ship serial number. For example, the [[SpaceX Starship integrated flight test 1|integrated flight test 1]] booster was [[SpaceX Super Heavy#B7-B8|Booster 7]] (B7), the spacecraft was [[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)#Ship 24 and Ship 25|Ship 24]] (S24), and the [[launch vehicle]] stack is referred to as [[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)#Ship 24 and Ship 25|Ship 24]]/[[SpaceX Super Heavy#B7-B8|Booster 7]], or S24/B7.<ref name="flight-test">{{Cite web |date=April 11, 2023 |title=Starship Flight Test |url=https://www.spacex.com/launches/mission/?missionId=starship-flight-test |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414172859/https://www.spacex.com/launches/mission/?missionId=starship-flight-test |archive-date=April 14, 2023 |access-date=April 11, 2022 |website=SpaceX |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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The first tests started with the construction of an initial flight prototype in 2018, ''[[Starhopper]]'', which performed several [[static fire]] tests plus two successful low-altitude flights in 2019.<ref name="Harwood-2019">{{cite web |last=Harwood |first=William |date=27 August 2019 |title=SpaceX launches "Starhopper" on dramatic test flight |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/spacex-launches-starhopper-dramatic-test-flight-today-2019-08-27/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108000728/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/spacex-launches-starhopper-dramatic-test-flight-today-2019-08-27/ |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2021 |website=[[CBS News]] |publisher= |language=en-US}}</ref> SpaceX began constructing the first full-size [[Starship MK1|Starship Mk1]] and [[Starship MK2|Mk2]] upper-stage prototypes before 2019, at the SpaceX facilities in [[Boca Chica (Texas)|Boca Chica]], [[Texas]], and [[Cocoa, Florida]], respectively. After the Mk prototypes, SpaceX began naming its new Starship upper-stage prototypes with the prefix "SN", short for "[[serial number]]".<ref name="NSF12">{{cite web |last1=Kanayama |first1=Lee |last2=Beil |first2=Adrian |date=28 August 2021 |title=SpaceX continues forward progress with Starship on Starhopper anniversary |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/08/starship-starhopper/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831011318/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/08/starship-starhopper/ |archive-date=31 August 2021 |access-date=10 February 2022 |website=[[NASASpaceFlight.com]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Around mid-2021, SpaceX changed their naming scheme from "SN" to "Ship", or simply "S," for Starship vehicles,<ref name="Berger-2021b">{{Cite web |last=Berger |first=Eric |date=14 July 2021 |title=SpaceX will soon fire up its massive Super Heavy booster for the first time |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/07/spacex-will-soon-fire-up-its-massive-super-heavy-booster-for-the-first-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108183113/https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/07/spacex-will-soon-fire-up-its-massive-super-heavy-booster-for-the-first-time/ |archive-date=8 January 2022 |access-date=6 August 2022 |website=[[Ars Technica]] |language=en-us}}</ref> and from "BN" to "Booster," or simply "B," for [[SpaceX Super Heavy|Super Heavy boosters]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bergin |first=Chris |date=5 May 2022 |title=One year since SN15, Starbase lays groundwork for orbital attempt |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/05/one-year-since-sn15-starbase-lays-groundwork-for-orbital-attempt/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607232252/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/05/one-year-since-sn15-starbase-lays-groundwork-for-orbital-attempt/ |archive-date=7 June 2022 |access-date=6 August 2022 |website=[[NASASpaceFlight.com]] |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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== Vehicle testing == |
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Starship prototype tests can generally be classified into three main types. In [[Proof test|proof pressure tests]], the vehicle's tanks are pressurized with either gases or liquids to test their strength, sometimes deliberately until they burst (known as a test to failure). In a [[static fire]] test, SpaceX loads the vehicle prototype with propellant and briefly fires its engines while the vehicle does not move.<ref name="FAA-2022">{{Cite web |date=June 2022 |title=Final Programmatic Environmental Assessment for the SpaceX Starship/Super Heavy Launch Vehicle Program at the SpaceX Boca Chica Launch Site in Cameron County, Texas |url=https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/2022-06/PEA_for_SpaceX_Starship_Super_Heavy_at_Boca_Chica_FINAL.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614081928/https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/2022-06/PEA_for_SpaceX_Starship_Super_Heavy_at_Boca_Chica_FINAL.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=14 June 2022 |publisher=[[Federal Aviation Administration]] and [[SpaceX]]}}</ref> Alternatively, the engines' [[turbopump]] spinning can be tested without firing the engines, referred to as a spin prime test.<ref name="Romera-2022">{{Cite web |last=Romera |first=Alejandro Alcantarilla |date=28 July 2022 |title=Awaiting Static Fire as SpaceX sets up Starship's test campaign |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/07/starship-24-awaiting-static-fires/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804104231/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/07/starship-24-awaiting-static-fires/ |archive-date=4 August 2022 |access-date=6 August 2022 |website=[[NASASpaceFlight.com]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Before a test flight, the vehicle performs [[Wet dress rehearsal|mission rehearsals]], with or without propellants, to check the vehicle and ground infrastructure. |
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Following successful testing, uncrewed flight tests and launches may take place. During a [[Sub-orbital spaceflight|sub-orbital launch]], Starship prototypes fly to a high altitude and then descend, landing either near the launch site or in the sea. During an [[Orbital spaceflight|orbital launch]], Starship performs procedures as described in [[#Mission profile|its mission profile]].<ref name="FAA-2022" />{{rp|pages=19–22}} The tests, flights, and launches of the Starship rocket have received significant media coverage due to SpaceX's relatively open approach to allowing outsiders to view [[SpaceX Starbase|the facilities]].<ref name="Wattles-2021">{{cite web |last=Wattles |first=Jackie |date=9 April 2021 |title=$200,000 streaming rigs and millions of views: inside the cottage industry popping up around SpaceX |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/09/tech/spacex-starship-livestream-youtube-scn/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622080600/https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/09/tech/spacex-starship-livestream-youtube-scn/index.html |archive-date=22 June 2021 |access-date=11 January 2022 |website=[[CNN]] |publisher=}}</ref> |
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== Upper-stage flight tests (2019–2021) == |
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{{col-float-begin}} |
{{col-float-begin}} |
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=== Launch outcomes === |
=== Launch outcomes === |
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{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" |
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! Launch outcomes || 2019 || 2020 || 2021 || Total |
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| Success (tethered) || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''2''' |
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| Success (untethered) || 2 || 3 || 4 || '''9''' |
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|- |
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| '''Total''' || '''4''' || '''3''' || '''4''' || '''11''' |
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|} |
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{{#invoke:Chart | bar chart |
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| float = right |
| float = right |
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| Line 46: | Line 20: | ||
| group 1 = 2:0:0 <!-- Success (tethered) --> |
| group 1 = 2:0:0 <!-- Success (tethered) --> |
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| group 2 = 2:3:4 <!-- Success (untethered) --> |
| group 2 = 2:3:4 <!-- Success (untethered) --> |
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| colors = |
| colors = forestgreen : darkgreen |
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| group names = Success (tethered) : Success (untethered) |
| group names = Success (tethered) : Success (untethered) |
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| units suffix = _launches |
| units suffix = _launches |
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=== Landing outcomes === |
=== Landing outcomes === |
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{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" |
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|- |
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! Landing outcomes || 2019 || 2020 || 2021 || Total |
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| Loss before landing || 0 || 0 || 1 || '''1''' |
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|- |
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| Loss on landing || 0 || 1 || 1 || '''2''' |
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|- |
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| Loss after landing || 0 || 0 || 1 || '''1''' |
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|- |
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| Success (tethered) || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''2''' |
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|- |
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| Success (untethered) || 2 || 2 || 1 || '''5''' |
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|- |
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| '''Total''' || '''4''' || '''3''' || '''4''' || '''11''' |
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{{#invoke:Chart | bar chart |
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| float = left |
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| Line 85: | Line 39: | ||
| group 4 = 2:0:0 <!-- Success (tethered)--> |
| group 4 = 2:0:0 <!-- Success (tethered)--> |
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| group 5 = 2:2:1 <!-- Success (untethered) --> |
| group 5 = 2:2:1 <!-- Success (untethered) --> |
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| colors = |
| colors = black : darkred : goldenrod: forestgreen : darkgreen |
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| group names = Loss before landing : Loss on landing : Loss after landing : Success (tethered) : Success (untethered) |
| group names = Loss before landing : Loss on landing : Loss after landing : Success (tethered) : Success (untethered) |
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| units suffix = _landings |
| units suffix = _landings |
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| y tick marks = 4 |
| y tick marks = 4 |
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}} |
}} |
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<!-- years 23 24 25 --> |
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! scope="col" |Date and time <br />([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]) |
! scope="col" |Date and time <br />([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]) |
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! scope="col" |Vehicles |
! scope="col" |Vehicles |
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! scope="col" |Launch site{{efn|All launches are from [[SpaceX Starbase|Starbase]], Texas}} |
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! scope="col" |Launch site<!-- Starbase was the place location term used by SpaceX, as well as some space media coverage, beginning with test flight of SN11 --><!-- https://www.spacex.com/vehicles/starship & https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/tag/sn11 & https://www.spacex.com/vehicles/starship, as of 11 April 2021. To me seems much more frequently used after https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1366848696298561536 & https://www.theverge.com/2021/3/3/22309889/elon-musk-city-texas-starbase-starlink-->{{efn|All launches are from the same Boca Chica site. SpaceX started calling this Starbase from March 2021 after discussions called a "casual inquiry". See {{Section link|Boca Chica (Texas)|Starbase}}}} |
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! scope="col" |Flight apogee |
! scope="col" |Flight apogee |
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! scope="col" |Duration |
! scope="col" |Duration (mm:ss) |
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!Launch outcome |
!Launch outcome |
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!Landing outcome |
!Landing outcome |
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! rowspan="2" | - |
! rowspan="2" | - |
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|3 April 2019 |
|3 April 2019 |
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|''[[Starhopper]]'' |
|''[[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)#Starhopper|Starhopper]]'' |
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|Suborbital Launch Site |
|Suborbital Launch Site |
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|<{{Convert|0.3|m|abbr=on}} |
|<{{Convert|0.3|m|abbr=on}} |
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|~00:03 |
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|~3 seconds |
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|{{Success}} |
|{{Success}} |
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|{{N/A}} |
|{{N/A}} |
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|- |
|- |
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| colspan="7" |The first firing of ''Starhopper'' and the first tethered hop (according to Musk<ref>{{cite tweet |last=Musk |first=Elon |author-link=Elon Musk |user=elonmusk |number=1113613409767964673 |date=4 April 2019 |title=Starhopper completed tethered hop. All systems green. https://t.co/0m5Bm5slD2 |language=en |access-date=21 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822021924/https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1113613409767964673 |archive-date=22 August 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="nsf20190403" />). The burn was a few seconds in duration and the vehicle was tethered to the ground. The vehicle may have lifted off the ground, but only to a very small height, and it was not possible to see the lift off in public video recordings of the test.<ref name="nsf20190403">{{cite news |last=Gebhardt |first=Chris |date=3 April 2019 |title=Starhopper conducts Raptor Static Fire test |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/04/starhopper-first-flight-starship-superheavy-updates/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404103545/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/04/starhopper-first-flight-starship-superheavy-updates/ |archive-date=4 April 2019 |access-date=4 April 2019 |work=[[NASASpaceFlight.com]] |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Grush |first=Loren |date=3 April 2019 |title=SpaceX just fired up the engine on its test Starship vehicle for the first time |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/4/3/18271547/spacex-starship-starhopper-raptor-engine-ignition-hop-static-fire-test |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404031741/https://www.theverge.com/2019/4/3/18271547/spacex-starship-starhopper-raptor-engine-ignition-hop-static-fire-test |archive-date=4 April 2019 |access-date=4 April 2019 |work=[[The Verge]] |publisher=}}</ref> |
| colspan="7" |The first firing of ''Starhopper'' and the first tethered hop (according to Musk<ref name="EM20190404">{{cite tweet |last=Musk |first=Elon |author-link=Elon Musk |user=elonmusk |number=1113613409767964673 |date=4 April 2019 |title=Starhopper completed tethered hop. All systems green. https://t.co/0m5Bm5slD2 |language=en |access-date=21 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822021924/https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1113613409767964673 |archive-date=22 August 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="nsf20190403" />). The burn was a few seconds in duration and the vehicle was tethered to the ground. The vehicle may have lifted off the ground, but only to a very small height, and it was not possible to see the lift off in public video recordings of the test.<ref name="nsf20190403">{{cite news |last=Gebhardt |first=Chris |date=3 April 2019 |title=Starhopper conducts Raptor Static Fire test |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/04/starhopper-first-flight-starship-superheavy-updates/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404103545/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/04/starhopper-first-flight-starship-superheavy-updates/ |archive-date=4 April 2019 |access-date=4 April 2019 |work=[[NASASpaceFlight.com]] |publisher=}}</ref><ref name="verge20190403">{{cite news |last=Grush |first=Loren |date=3 April 2019 |title=SpaceX just fired up the engine on its test Starship vehicle for the first time |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/4/3/18271547/spacex-starship-starhopper-raptor-engine-ignition-hop-static-fire-test |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404031741/https://www.theverge.com/2019/4/3/18271547/spacex-starship-starhopper-raptor-engine-ignition-hop-static-fire-test |archive-date=4 April 2019 |access-date=4 April 2019 |work=[[The Verge]] |publisher=}}</ref> |
||
|- |
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! rowspan="2" | - |
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| Line 122: | Line 74: | ||
|Suborbital Launch Site |
|Suborbital Launch Site |
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|{{Convert|1|m|abbr=on}} |
|{{Convert|1|m|abbr=on}} |
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|~00:05 |
|||
|~5 seconds |
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|{{Success}} |
|{{Success}} |
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|{{N/A}} |
|{{N/A}} |
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| Line 129: | Line 81: | ||
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|25 July 2019<ref name="ars20190726" /> |
|||
|25 July 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/07/spacexs-starship-prototype-has-taken-flight-for-the-first-time/|title=SpaceX's Starship prototype has taken flight for the first time|last=Berger|first=Eric|author-link=Eric Berger (meteorologist)|date=26 July 2019|publisher=Ars Technica|access-date=26 July 2019|archive-date=4 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804140323/https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/07/spacexs-starship-prototype-has-taken-flight-for-the-first-time/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
|||
|''Starhopper'' |
|''Starhopper'' |
||
|Suborbital Launch Site |
|Suborbital Launch Site |
||
|{{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="nsf20190725">{{cite news |last=Burghardt |first=Thomas |date=25 July 2019 |title=Starhopper successfully conducts debut Boca Chica Hop |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/07/spacex-resume-starhopper-tests/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726081430/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/07/spacex-resume-starhopper-tests/ |archive-date=26 July 2019 |access-date=26 July 2019 |work=[[NASASpaceFlight.com]] |publisher=}}</ref> |
|{{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="nsf20190725">{{cite news |last=Burghardt |first=Thomas |date=25 July 2019 |title=Starhopper successfully conducts debut Boca Chica Hop |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/07/spacex-resume-starhopper-tests/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726081430/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/07/spacex-resume-starhopper-tests/ |archive-date=26 July 2019 |access-date=26 July 2019 |work=[[NASASpaceFlight.com]] |publisher=}}</ref> |
||
|~22 |
|~00:22 |
||
|{{Success}} |
|{{Success}} |
||
|{{Success}} |
|{{Success}} |
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| Line 140: | Line 92: | ||
|- |
|- |
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! rowspan="2" |2 |
! rowspan="2" |2 |
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|27 August 2019 |
|27 August 2019 22:00<ref name="nsf20190826">{{cite web |last=Baylor |first=Michael |date=27 August 2019 |title=SpaceX's Starhopper completes 150 meter test hop |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/faa-spacexs-starhopper-hop/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202121340/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/faa-spacexs-starhopper-hop/ |archive-date=2 December 2019 |access-date=27 August 2019 |website=[[NASASpaceFlight.com]] |publisher=}}</ref><ref name="space20190827">{{cite web |last=Wall |first=Mike |date=27 August 2019 |title=SpaceX Starhopper Rocket Prototype Aces Highest (and Final) Test Flight |url=https://www.space.com/spacex-starhopper-aces-final-test-launch-landing.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202084748/https://www.space.com/spacex-starhopper-aces-final-test-launch-landing.html |archive-date=2 December 2019 |access-date=29 August 2019 |website=[[Space.com]]}}</ref> |
||
|''Starhopper'' |
|''Starhopper'' |
||
|Suborbital Launch Site |
|Suborbital Launch Site |
||
|{{Convert|150|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="nsf20190826" /> |
|{{Convert|150|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="nsf20190826" /> |
||
|~ |
|~01:00<ref name="yt-bYb3bfA6">{{cite AV media |date=27 August 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bYb3bfA6_sQ |title=150 Meter Starhopper Test |publisher=[[SpaceX]] |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=21 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019063216/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bYb3bfA6_sQ |archive-date=19 October 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
||
|{{Success}} |
|{{Success}} |
||
|{{Success}} |
|{{Success}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| colspan="7" |''Starhopper'' was retired after this launch and used as a water tank at the production site.<ref name="nsf20190826" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-starhopper-rocket-ship-final-launch-starship-plans-2019-8|title=SpaceX may cannibalize its first Mars rocket-ship prototype in Elon Musk's race to launch Starship|last=Mosher|first=Dave|publisher=Business Insider|date=7 August 2019|access-date=27 August 2019|archive-date=7 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207141503/https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-starhopper-rocket-ship-final-launch-starship-plans-2019-8|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="trati20190827">{{cite news|url=https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-scrubs-final-starhopper-flight-test-elon-musk/|title=SpaceX scrubs Starhopper's final Raptor-powered flight as Elon Musk talks finicky igniters|last=Ralph|first=Eric|publisher=Teslarati|date=27 August 2019|access-date=27 August 2019|archive-date=2 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202122632/https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-scrubs-final-starhopper-flight-test-elon-musk/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
| colspan="7" |''Starhopper'' was retired after this launch and used as a water tank at the production site.<ref name="nsf20190826" /><ref name="bi20190807">{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-starhopper-rocket-ship-final-launch-starship-plans-2019-8|title=SpaceX may cannibalize its first Mars rocket-ship prototype in Elon Musk's race to launch Starship|last=Mosher|first=Dave|publisher=Business Insider|date=7 August 2019|access-date=27 August 2019|archive-date=7 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207141503/https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-starhopper-rocket-ship-final-launch-starship-plans-2019-8|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="trati20190827">{{cite news|url=https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-scrubs-final-starhopper-flight-test-elon-musk/|title=SpaceX scrubs Starhopper's final Raptor-powered flight as Elon Musk talks finicky igniters|last=Ralph|first=Eric|publisher=Teslarati|date=27 August 2019|access-date=27 August 2019|archive-date=2 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202122632/https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-scrubs-final-starhopper-flight-test-elon-musk/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan="2" |3 |
! rowspan="2" |3 |
||
|4 August 2020 |
|4 August 2020 23:57<ref name="trati20200803">{{cite web|url=https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-starship-sn5-hop-debut-success-mars/|title=SpaceX Starship leaps towards Mars with picture-perfect hop debut|last=Ralph|first=Eric|publisher=Teslarati|date=4 August 2020|access-date=4 August 2020|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805210340/https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-starship-sn5-hop-debut-success-mars/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="nsf20200803">{{cite news |last1=Baylor |first1=Michael |date=3 August 2020 |title=Starship SN5 conducts successful 150-meter flight test |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/08/starship-sn5-set-150-meter-flight-test/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201174033/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/08/starship-sn5-set-150-meter-flight-test/ |archive-date=1 February 2021 |access-date=20 March 2021 |work=[[NASASpaceFlight.com]]}}</ref> |
||
|[[Starship SN5]] |
|[[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)#SN5 and SN6|Starship SN5]] |
||
|Suborbital Pad A |
|Suborbital Pad A |
||
|{{Convert|150|m|abbr=on}}<ref name=" |
|{{Convert|150|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="trati20200803" /> |
||
|~45 |
|~00:45 |
||
|{{Success}} |
|{{Success}} |
||
|{{Success}} |
|{{Success}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| colspan="7" |Second 150-meter hop, and first hop of a full Starship prototype.<ref name=" |
| colspan="7" |Second 150-meter hop, and first hop of a full Starship prototype.<ref name="sfn20200805">{{cite news |last=Clark |first=Stephen |date=5 August 2020 |title=SpaceX clears big hurdle on next-gen Starship rocket program |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/08/05/spacex-clears-big-hurdle-on-next-gen-starship-rocket-program/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806154519/https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/08/05/spacex-clears-big-hurdle-on-next-gen-starship-rocket-program/ |archive-date=6 August 2020 |access-date=5 August 2020 |work=Spaceflight Now |publisher=}}</ref><ref name="nsf20200804">{{cite news|url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/08/starship-sn5-set-150-meter-flight-test/|title=Starship SN5 conducts successful 150-meter flight test|last=Baylor|first=Michael|publisher=NASASpaceflight|date=4 August 2020|access-date=4 August 2020|archive-date=1 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201174033/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/08/starship-sn5-set-150-meter-flight-test/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan="2" |4 |
! rowspan="2" |4 |
||
|3 September 2020 17:47<ref name="nsf20200903">{{cite news |last=Wall |first=Mike |date=3 September 2020 |title=Starship SN6 maiden hop complete - Super Heavy is coming |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/09/starship-sn6-hop-super-heavy-coming/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200904040435/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/09/starship-sn6-hop-super-heavy-coming/ |archive-date=4 September 2020 |access-date=20 March 2021 |work=[[NASASpaceFlight.com]]}}</ref> |
|||
|3 September 2020, 17:47<ref name="nasaspaceflight_sn6_2020" /> |
|||
|[[Starship SN6]] |
|[[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)#SN5 and SN6|Starship SN6]] |
||
|Suborbital Pad A |
|Suborbital Pad A |
||
|{{Convert|150|m|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |last=Bergin |first=Chris |date=16 August 2020 |title=SN6 begins test campaign as future Starships hatch plans for SpaceX's next leap |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/08/sn6-campaign-future-starships-hatch-next-leap/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130143315/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/08/sn6-campaign-future-starships-hatch-next-leap/ |archive-date=30 January 2021 |access-date=12 February 2021 |website=[[NASASpaceFlight.com]]}}</ref> |
|{{Convert|150|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="nsf20200816">{{cite web |last=Bergin |first=Chris |date=16 August 2020 |title=SN6 begins test campaign as future Starships hatch plans for SpaceX's next leap |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/08/sn6-campaign-future-starships-hatch-next-leap/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130143315/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/08/sn6-campaign-future-starships-hatch-next-leap/ |archive-date=30 January 2021 |access-date=12 February 2021 |website=[[NASASpaceFlight.com]]}}</ref> |
||
|~45 |
|~00:45 |
||
|{{Success}} |
|{{Success}} |
||
|{{Success}} |
|{{Success}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| colspan="7" |Third 150-meter hop, and second hop of a full Starship prototype.<ref name="nsf20200903" /> |
|||
| colspan="7" |Third 150-meter hop, and second hop of a full Starship prototype.<ref name="nasaspaceflight_sn6_2020">{{cite news |last=Wall |first=Mike |date=3 September 2020 |title=Starship SN6 maiden hop complete - Super Heavy is coming |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/09/starship-sn6-hop-super-heavy-coming/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200904040435/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/09/starship-sn6-hop-super-heavy-coming/ |archive-date=4 September 2020 |access-date=20 March 2021 |work=[[NASASpaceFlight.com]]}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan="2" |5 |
! rowspan="2" |5 |
||
|9 December 2020 |
|9 December 2020 22:45<ref name="faa20201208">{{cite web |title=NOTAM |url=https://tfr.faa.gov/save_pages/detail_0_0092.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208232603/https://tfr.faa.gov/save_pages/detail_0_0092.html |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=5 December 2020}}</ref> |
||
|[[Starship SN8]] |
|[[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)#SN8 and SN9|Starship SN8]] |
||
|Suborbital Pad A |
|Suborbital Pad A |
||
|{{Convert|12.5|km|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name=" |
|{{Convert|12.5|km|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="nsf20210208">{{cite news |last1=Bergin |first1=Chris |title=From hops to hopes - Starship SN8 advances test program into the next phase |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/12/from-hops-hopes-starship-sn8-test-program-next-phase/ |access-date=8 February 2021 |work=[[NASASpaceFlight.com]] |date=9 December 2020 |archive-date=10 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210130805/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/12/from-hops-hopes-starship-sn8-test-program-next-phase/ |url-status=live}}</ref> |
||
|06:42 |
|||
|6 minutes, 42 seconds |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|{{Success}} |
||
|{{Failure}} |
|{{Failure}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| colspan="7" |First high-altitude flight test. Vehicle successfully launched, ascended, performed the skydive descent maneuver, relit the engines fueled from header tanks, and steered to the landing pad.<ref name=" |
| colspan="7" |First high-altitude flight test. Vehicle successfully launched, ascended, performed the skydive descent maneuver, relit the engines fueled from header tanks, and steered to the landing pad.<ref name="nsf20210208" /><ref name="nsf20201018">{{cite news |last=Bergin |first=Chris |date=18 October 2020 |title=Starship SN8 pressing to Static Fire and nosecone installation firsts |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/10/starship-sn8-static-fire-nosecone-firsts/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019164033/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/10/starship-sn8-static-fire-nosecone-firsts/ |archive-date=19 October 2020 |access-date=18 October 2020 |work=[[NASASpaceFlight.com]] |publisher=}}</ref> The flip maneuver from horizontal descent to vertical was successful, but a sudden pressure loss in the methane header tank caused by the flip maneuver reduced fuel supply and thrust, resulting in a [[hard landing]] and explosion.<ref name="nsf20210208" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan="2" |6 |
! rowspan="2" |6 |
||
|2 February 2021 |
|2 February 2021 20:25<ref name="eda20210124">{{cite web |last=Cotton |first=Ethan |date=24 January 2021 |title=Starship SN9: 10 kilometer flight |url=https://everydayastronaut.com/starship-sn9-10-km-test-flight/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321151242/https://everydayastronaut.com/starship-sn9-10-km-test-flight/ |archive-date=21 March 2021 |access-date=1 February 2021 |website=[[Everyday Astronaut]]}}</ref> |
||
|[[Starship SN9]] |
|[[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)#SN8 and SN9|Starship SN9]] |
||
|Suborbital Pad B |
|Suborbital Pad B |
||
|{{Convert|10|km|ft|abbr=on}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Berger |first=Eric |date=2021-01-29 |title=What's really going on with Elon Musk, the FAA, and Starship? |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/01/whats-really-going-on-with-elon-musk-the-faa-and-starship/ |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=[[Ars Technica]] |language=en-us |archive-date=2 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302113704/https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/01/whats-really-going-on-with-elon-musk-the-faa-and-starship/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=" |
|{{Convert|10|km|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="ars20210129">{{Cite web |last=Berger |first=Eric |date=2021-01-29 |title=What's really going on with Elon Musk, the FAA, and Starship? |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/01/whats-really-going-on-with-elon-musk-the-faa-and-starship/ |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=[[Ars Technica]] |language=en-us |archive-date=2 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302113704/https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/01/whats-really-going-on-with-elon-musk-the-faa-and-starship/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="eda20210124" /><ref name="SN9vid">{{cite AV media |date=2 February 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zZ7fIkpBgs |title=Starship {{!}} SN9 {{!}} High-Altitude Flight Test |publisher=[[SpaceX]] |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=21 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212080003/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zZ7fIkpBgs |archive-date=12 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
||
| |
|06:26<ref name="SN9vid" /> |
||
|{{Success}} |
|{{Success}} |
||
|{{Failure}} |
|{{Failure}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| colspan="7" |A Raptor failing to start caused SN9 to over-rotate and hit the landing pad. The vehicle destroyed on impact.<ref name="SN9vid" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Baylor |first=Michael |title=Starship SN9 History |url=https://nextspaceflight.com/starship/hardware/12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201023256/https://nextspaceflight.com/starship/hardware/12 |archive-date=1 February 2021 |access-date=27 January 2021 |website=Next Spaceflight}}</ref><ref name="wapo20210128">{{Cite news |last=Davenport |first=Christian |date=2021-01-29 |title=What's holding up the next test of SpaceX's Starship? Elon Musk blames the FAA. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/01/28/elon-musk-spacex-starship-faa/ |access-date=2024-03-19 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=3 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203152124/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/01/28/elon-musk-spacex-starship-faa/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="nsf20210128">{{cite web |last1=Bergin |first1=Chris |date=28 January 2021 |title=Starship SN9 fails to gain FAA green light for Friday attempt |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/01/starship-sn9-speedy-recovery-static-fire-launch/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304195533/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/01/starship-sn9-speedy-recovery-static-fire-launch/ |archive-date=4 March 2021 |access-date=29 January 2021 |website=[[NASASpaceFlight.com]]}}</ref> |
| colspan="7" |A Raptor failing to start caused SN9 to over-rotate and hit the landing pad. The vehicle was destroyed on impact.<ref name="SN9vid" /><ref name="nextSN9">{{cite web |last=Baylor |first=Michael |title=Starship SN9 History |url=https://nextspaceflight.com/starship/hardware/12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201023256/https://nextspaceflight.com/starship/hardware/12 |archive-date=1 February 2021 |access-date=27 January 2021 |website=Next Spaceflight}}</ref><ref name="wapo20210128">{{Cite news |last=Davenport |first=Christian |date=2021-01-29 |title=What's holding up the next test of SpaceX's Starship? Elon Musk blames the FAA. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/01/28/elon-musk-spacex-starship-faa/ |access-date=2024-03-19 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=3 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203152124/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/01/28/elon-musk-spacex-starship-faa/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="nsf20210128">{{cite web |last1=Bergin |first1=Chris |date=28 January 2021 |title=Starship SN9 fails to gain FAA green light for Friday attempt |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/01/starship-sn9-speedy-recovery-static-fire-launch/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304195533/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/01/starship-sn9-speedy-recovery-static-fire-launch/ |archive-date=4 March 2021 |access-date=29 January 2021 |website=[[NASASpaceFlight.com]]}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan="2" |7 |
! rowspan="2" |7 |
||
|3 March 2021 |
|3 March 2021 23:15<ref name="eda20210222">{{cite web |last1=Cotton |first1=Ethan |date=22 February 2021 |title=When will SN10 launch? Live Updates |url=https://everydayastronaut.com/sn10-launch-live-updates/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221202939/https://everydayastronaut.com/sn10-launch-live-updates/ |archive-date=21 February 2021 |access-date=28 February 2021 |website=[[Everyday Astronaut]] |publisher=}}</ref><ref name="nextSN10">{{cite web |last1=Baylor |first1=Michael |title=Starship SN10 History |url=https://nextspaceflight.com/starship/hardware/14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205182810/https://nextspaceflight.com/starship/hardware/14 |archive-date=5 February 2021 |access-date=28 February 2021 |website=[[Next Spaceflight]]}}</ref> |
||
|[[Starship SN10]] |
|[[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)#SN10–SN14|Starship SN10]] |
||
|Suborbital Pad A |
|Suborbital Pad A |
||
|{{Convert|10|km|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name=" |
|{{Convert|10|km|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="space20210304">{{cite news |last1=Wall |first1=Mike |date=4 March 2021 |title=SpaceX's SN10 Starship prototype lands after epic test launch — but then explodes |url=https://www.space.com/spacex-starship-sn10-test-launch-landing-explosion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304004046/https://www.space.com/spacex-starship-sn10-test-launch-landing-explosion |archive-date=4 March 2021 |access-date=4 March 2021 |work=[[Space.com]] |language=en}}</ref> |
||
| |
|06:24<ref name="SN10vid">{{cite AV media |date=3 March 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ODY6JWzS8WU |title=Starship {{!}} SN10 {{!}} High-Altitude Flight Test |publisher=[[SpaceX]] |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=21 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124230217/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ODY6JWzS8WU |archive-date=24 November 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|Despite making an intact landing and beginning the detanking procedures, the vehicle suffered an explosion several minutes later destroying the vehicle in the process. SpaceX called it a successful landing but later acknowledged a problem with lower-than-expected engine thrust causing a hard landing<ref name=EM9321>{{cite tweet |last=Musk |first=Elon |author-link=Elon Musk |user=elonmusk |number=1369379914139451406 |date=9 March 2021 |title=@austinbarnard45 SN10 engine was low on thrust due (probably) to partial helium ingestion from fuel header tank. Impact of 10m/s crushed legs & part of skirt. Multiple fixes in work for SN11. |language=en |access-date=21 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027155930/https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1369379914139451406 |archive-date=27 October 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> exceeding maximum leg loads<ref>{{cite tweet |last=Musk |first=Elon |author-link=Elon Musk |user=elonmusk |number=1368048822534868997 |date=6 March 2021 |title=@PPathole @TimSweeneyEpic This was way past leg loads. They got squashed hard. |language=en |access-date=21 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930004658/http://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1368048822534868997 |archive-date=30 September 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the vehicle exploded.<ref name=nextSN10/>}} |
||
|{{Success}} |
|{{Success}} |
||
|{{Partial failure}} |
|{{Partial failure}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| colspan="7" |SN10 launched and ascended nominally, but experienced a hard landing with a slight lean after the landing, and a fire developed near the base of the rocket.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Etherington |first1=Darrell |date=4 March 2021 |title=SpaceX's Starship prototype flies to 32,000 feet and sticks the landing in third flight test |url=https://techcrunch.com/2021/03/03/spacexs-starship-prototype-flies-to-32000-feet-and-sticks-the-landing-in-third-flight-test/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303233206/https://techcrunch.com/2021/03/03/spacexs-starship-prototype-flies-to-32000-feet-and-sticks-the-landing-in-third-flight-test/ |archive-date=3 March 2021 |access-date=3 March 2021 |work=[[TechCrunch]]}}</ref> Eight minutes after landing, SN10 exploded,<ref name="space_SN10_2021" /> potentially due to helium ingestion from the fuel header tank.<ref name="EM9321" /> |
| colspan="7" |SN10 launched and ascended nominally, but experienced a hard landing with a slight lean after the landing, and a fire developed near the base of the rocket.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Etherington |first1=Darrell |date=4 March 2021 |title=SpaceX's Starship prototype flies to 32,000 feet and sticks the landing in third flight test |url=https://techcrunch.com/2021/03/03/spacexs-starship-prototype-flies-to-32000-feet-and-sticks-the-landing-in-third-flight-test/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303233206/https://techcrunch.com/2021/03/03/spacexs-starship-prototype-flies-to-32000-feet-and-sticks-the-landing-in-third-flight-test/ |archive-date=3 March 2021 |access-date=3 March 2021 |work=[[TechCrunch]]}}</ref> Eight minutes after landing, SN10 exploded,<ref name="space_SN10_2021" >{{cite news |last1=Wall |first1=Mike |date=4 March 2021 |title=SpaceX's SN10 Starship prototype lands after epic test launch — but then explodes |url=https://www.space.com/spacex-starship-sn10-test-launch-landing-explosion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304004046/https://www.space.com/spacex-starship-sn10-test-launch-landing-explosion |archive-date=4 March 2021 |access-date=4 March 2021 |work=[[Space.com]] |language=en}}</ref> potentially due to helium ingestion from the fuel header tank.<ref name="EM9321" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan="2" |8 |
! rowspan="2" |8 |
||
|30 March 2021 |
|30 March 2021 13:00<ref name="YTHAFT">{{cite AV media |date=30 March 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gjCSJIAKEPM |title=Starship {{!}} SN11 {{!}} High-Altitude Flight Test |publisher=[[SpaceX]] |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=21 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217135639/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gjCSJIAKEPM |archive-date=17 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
||
|[[Starship SN11]] |
|[[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)#SN10–SN14|Starship SN11]] |
||
|Suborbital Pad B |
|Suborbital Pad B |
||
|{{Convert|10|km|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="tweet20210325">{{cite tweet |last=Baylor |first=Michael |user=nextspaceflight |number=1375204254818787328 |date=25 March 2021 |title=SpaceX is targeting March 26 for Starship SN11's static fire and flight test, per a county road and beach clsoure notice. The main county page has a typo, but this is the text from the formal notice. https://t.co/Q9GolL1o9g https://t.co/wpRka8Pa12 |language=en |access-date=21 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930072721/https://twitter.com/nextspaceflight/status/1375204254818787328 |archive-date=30 September 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
|{{Convert|10|km|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="tweet20210325">{{cite tweet |last=Baylor |first=Michael |user=nextspaceflight |number=1375204254818787328 |date=25 March 2021 |title=SpaceX is targeting March 26 for Starship SN11's static fire and flight test, per a county road and beach clsoure notice. The main county page has a typo, but this is the text from the formal notice. https://t.co/Q9GolL1o9g https://t.co/wpRka8Pa12 |language=en |access-date=21 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930072721/https://twitter.com/nextspaceflight/status/1375204254818787328 |archive-date=30 September 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
||
| |
|05:49{{Efn|Time until vehicle telemetry loss|name=Vehicle loss}}<ref name="YTHAFT" /> |
||
|{{Success}} |
|{{Success}} |
||
|{{Failure}} |
|{{Failure}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| colspan="7" |SN11 had engine issues during ascent (according to Elon Musk).<ref>{{cite tweet |last=Musk |first=Elon |author-link=Elon Musk |user=elonmusk |number=1376891464333017090 |date=30 March 2021 |title=@SpaceX Looks like engine 2 had issues on ascent & didn't reach operating chamber pressure during landing burn, but, in theory, it wasn't needed. Something significant happened shortly after landing burn start. Should know what it was once we can examine the bits later today. |language=en |access-date=21 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930003623/http://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1376891464333017090 |archive-date=30 September 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Vehicle lost before T+6:00.<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1376884533841170432|user=NASASpaceflight|title=Ended in a RUD. Remember, it's a test program and they've gained a lot of wins from the four flights. Stable controlled descent is one, but long-duration Raptor performance deserves a shoutout. This was the last view from SpaceX and sign off from John Insprucker: https://t.co/4KAnLEWIUG|first=Chris|last=Bergin|author-link=Chris Bergin|date=30 March 2021|access-date=21 December 2022|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823123333/https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight/status/1376884533841170432|archive-date=23 August 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|number=1378041709293146113|user=thesheetztweetz|title=SpaceX's Starship SN11 captured hurtling back down, with debris seen flying - sound on: https://t.co/HKyFpJLu9u|first=Michael|last=Sheetz|author-link=Michael Sheetz|date=2 April 2021|access-date=21 December 2022|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212085806/https://twitter.com/thesheetztweetz/status/1378041709293146113|archive-date=12 February 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Musk stated that a "relatively small" methane leak caused a fire on one of the Raptor engines during ascent, causing the engine to experience a hard start when relit.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-starship-sn11-explosion-raptor-leak-elon-musk/ |title= Musk blames SpaceX's latest Starship explosion on Raptor engine leak |work=teslarati.com |first=Eric |last=Ralph |date=2021-04-05 |access-date=2021-04-05 |archive-date=5 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210405202736/https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-starship-sn11-explosion-raptor-leak-elon-musk/ |url-status=live}}</ref> |
| colspan="7" |SN11 had engine issues during ascent (according to Elon Musk).<ref name="EM20210330">{{cite tweet |last=Musk |first=Elon |author-link=Elon Musk |user=elonmusk |number=1376891464333017090 |date=30 March 2021 |title=@SpaceX Looks like engine 2 had issues on ascent & didn't reach operating chamber pressure during landing burn, but, in theory, it wasn't needed. Something significant happened shortly after landing burn start. Should know what it was once we can examine the bits later today. |language=en |access-date=21 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930003623/http://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1376891464333017090 |archive-date=30 September 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Vehicle lost before T+6:00.<ref name="nsf20210330">{{cite tweet|number=1376884533841170432|user=NASASpaceflight|title=Ended in a RUD. Remember, it's a test program and they've gained a lot of wins from the four flights. Stable controlled descent is one, but long-duration Raptor performance deserves a shoutout. This was the last view from SpaceX and sign off from John Insprucker: https://t.co/4KAnLEWIUG|first=Chris|last=Bergin|author-link=Chris Bergin|date=30 March 2021|access-date=21 December 2022|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823123333/https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight/status/1376884533841170432|archive-date=23 August 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="sheetz20210402">{{cite tweet|number=1378041709293146113|user=thesheetztweetz|title=SpaceX's Starship SN11 captured hurtling back down, with debris seen flying - sound on: https://t.co/HKyFpJLu9u|first=Michael|last=Sheetz|author-link=Michael Sheetz|date=2 April 2021|access-date=21 December 2022|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212085806/https://twitter.com/thesheetztweetz/status/1378041709293146113|archive-date=12 February 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Musk stated that a "relatively small" methane leak caused a fire on one of the Raptor engines during ascent, causing the engine to experience a [[Rocket engine#Hard starts|hard start]] when relit.<ref name="trati20210405">{{cite news |url=https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-starship-sn11-explosion-raptor-leak-elon-musk/ |title= Musk blames SpaceX's latest Starship explosion on Raptor engine leak |work=teslarati.com |first=Eric |last=Ralph |date=2021-04-05 |access-date=2021-04-05 |archive-date=5 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210405202736/https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-starship-sn11-explosion-raptor-leak-elon-musk/ |url-status=live}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan="2" |9 |
! rowspan="2" |9 |
||
|5 May 2021 |
|5 May 2021 22:24<ref name="space20210506">{{cite web |last=Wall |first=Mike |date=5 May 2021 |title=SpaceX launches Starship SN15 rocket and sticks the landing in high-altitude test flight |url=https://www.space.com/spacex-starship-sn15-launch-landing-success |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506104615/https://www.space.com/spacex-starship-sn15-launch-landing-success |archive-date=6 May 2021 |access-date=6 May 2021 |website=[[Space.com]] |publisher=}}</ref> |
||
|[[Starship SN15]] |
|[[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)#SN15–SN19|Starship SN15]] |
||
|Suborbital Pad A |
|Suborbital Pad A |
||
|{{Convert|10|km|ft|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Starship SN15|url=http://nextspaceflight.com/starship/hardware/16|access-date=2021-04-22|website=nextspaceflight.com|language=en|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423124858/https://nextspaceflight.com/starship/hardware/16|url-status=live}}</ref> |
|{{Convert|10|km|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="nextSN15">{{cite web|title=Starship SN15|url=http://nextspaceflight.com/starship/hardware/16 |access-date=2021-04-22|website=nextspaceflight.com|language=en|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423124858/https://nextspaceflight.com/starship/hardware/16 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
||
|05:59 |
|||
|5 minutes, 59 seconds |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|{{Success}} |
||
|{{Success}} |
|{{Success}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| colspan="7" |SN15 was a new iteration of prototype Starship with many upgrades over previous vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kettley |first=Sebastian |date=2021-04-09 |title=SpaceX Starship launch: Will Starship SN15 launch this weekend? |url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/1421119/spacex-starship-launch-will-starship-sn15-launch-this-weekend-evg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410100424/https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/1421119/spacex-starship-launch-will-starship-sn15-launch-this-weekend-evg |archive-date=10 April 2021 |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=[[Daily Express]] |language=en}}</ref> SN15 achieved a soft landing, with a small fire starting near the base shortly after landing. The post-flight fire was out within 20 minutes, and SN15 was retired by the end of the month |
| colspan="7" |SN15 was a new iteration of prototype Starship with many upgrades over previous vehicles.<ref name="express20210409">{{Cite web |last=Kettley |first=Sebastian |date=2021-04-09 |title=SpaceX Starship launch: Will Starship SN15 launch this weekend? |url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/1421119/spacex-starship-launch-will-starship-sn15-launch-this-weekend-evg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410100424/https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/1421119/spacex-starship-launch-will-starship-sn15-launch-this-weekend-evg |archive-date=10 April 2021 |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=[[Daily Express]] |language=en}}</ref> SN15 achieved a soft landing, with a small fire starting near the base shortly after landing. The post-flight fire was out within 20 minutes, and SN15 was retired by the end of the month.<ref name="ars20210505">{{cite news |last=Timmer |first=John |date=5 May 2021 |title=SpaceX successfully lands a Starship test flight |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/05/spacex-successfully-lands-a-starship-test-flight/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505235817/https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/05/spacex-successfully-lands-a-starship-test-flight/ |archive-date=2021-05-05 |access-date=7 May 2021 |work=[[Ars Technica]]}}</ref><ref name="EM20210505">{{Cite Tweet |number=1390073153347592192 |user=elonmusk |title=Starship [SN15] landing nominal! |first=Elon |last=Musk |author-link=Elon Musk |date=2021-05-05 |language=en}}</ref> It was later scrapped in July 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Beyer |first=Jack |date=July 27, 2024 |title=RIP SN15 |url=https://twitter.com/thejackbeyer/status/1684617264476176384 |access-date=September 11, 2024 |website=X (formerly Twitter)}}</ref> |
||
|} |
|} |
||
== See also == |
|||
== Integrated flight tests (2023–)== |
|||
* [[SpaceX Starship design history]] |
|||
<!-- Keep "Partial success" graphs. It is needed in the case a lower than planned orbit was attained due to engine loss, for example. -->The [[SpaceX Starship integrated flight test 1|first integrated flight test of Starship]] took place on 20 April 2023, marking the begin of the orbital test campaign. |
|||
* [[List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches]] |
|||
{{col-float}} |
|||
=== Launch outcomes === |
|||
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; |
|||
|- |
|||
|- |
|||
! Launch outcomes || 2023 || 2024 || 2025 || Total |
|||
|- |
|||
| Loss on launchpad || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| Loss before staging || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''1''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| Loss after staging || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''1''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| Partial failure || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''0''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| Success || 0 || 1 || 0 || '''1''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| Planned || 0 || 8 || 1 || '''9''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| '''Total''' || '''2''' || '''9''' || '''1''' || '''12''' |
|||
|- |
|||
|} |
|||
{{#invoke:Chart | bar chart |
|||
| float = left |
|||
| width = 420 |
|||
| height = 200 |
|||
| stack = 1 |
|||
| group 1 = 0:0:0 <!-- Loss on launchpad--> |
|||
| group 2 = 1:0:0 <!-- Loss before staging--> |
|||
| group 3 = 1:0:0 <!-- Loss after staging--> |
|||
| group 4 = 0:0:0 <!-- Partial failure--> |
|||
| group 5 = 0:2:0 <!-- Success --> |
|||
| group 6 = 0:7:1 <!-- Planned --> |
|||
<!-- years 23 24 25 --> |
|||
| colors = Black : DarkRed : Red : Orange : #009600 : LightBlue |
|||
| group names = Loss on launchpad : Loss before staging : Loss after staging : Partial failure : Success : Planned |
|||
| units suffix = _launches |
|||
| x legends = 2023 : 2024 : 2025 |
|||
| y tick marks = 3 |
|||
}} |
|||
{{col-float-break}} |
|||
=== Booster landing outcomes === |
|||
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; |
|||
|- |
|||
|- |
|||
! Booster landing outcomes || 2023 || 2024 || 2025 || Total |
|||
|- |
|||
| Precluded || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''1''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| Loss before landing || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''1''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| Loss on landing || 0 || 1 || 0 || '''1''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| Partial failure || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''0''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| Success (splashdown) || 0 || 1 || 0 || '''1''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| Planned (tower catch) || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| '''Total''' || '''2''' || '''2''' || '''0''' || '''4''' |
|||
|- |
|||
|} |
|||
{{#invoke:Chart | bar chart |
|||
| float = right |
|||
| width = 420 |
|||
| height = 200 |
|||
| stack = 1 |
|||
| group 1 = 1:0:0 <!-- Precluded --> |
|||
| group 2 = 1:0:0 <!-- Loss before landing --> |
|||
| group 3 = 0:1:0 <!-- Loss on landing --> |
|||
| group 4 = 0:0:0 <!-- Partial failure --> |
|||
| group 5 = 0:1:0 <!-- Success (splashdown) --> |
|||
| group 6 = 0:0:0 <!-- Success (tower catch) --> |
|||
| colors = Black : Darkred : Red : Orange : #00ce00 : #009600 |
|||
| group names = Precluded : Loss before landing : Loss on landing : Partial failure : Success (splashdown) : Success (tower catch) |
|||
| units suffix = _launches |
|||
| x legends = 2023 : 2024 : 2025 |
|||
| y tick marks = 2 |
|||
}} |
|||
{{col-float-break}} |
|||
=== Spacecraft landing outcomes === |
|||
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; |
|||
|- |
|||
! Spacecraft landing outcomes || 2023 || 2024 || 2025 || Total |
|||
|- |
|||
| Precluded || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''1''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| Loss before landing || 1 || 1 || 0 || '''2''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| Loss on landing || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| Partial failure || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''0''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| Success (splashdown) || 0 || 1 || 0 || '''1''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| Planned (tower catch) || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''0''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| '''Total''' || '''2''' || '''1''' || '''0''' || '''3''' |
|||
|- |
|||
|} |
|||
{{#invoke:Chart | bar chart |
|||
| float = left |
|||
| width = 420 |
|||
| height = 200 |
|||
| stack = 1 |
|||
| group 1 = 1:0:0 <!-- Precluded--> |
|||
| group 2 = 1:1:0 <!-- Loss before landing--> |
|||
| group 3 = 0:0:0 <!-- Loss on landing --> |
|||
| group 4 = 0:0:0 <!-- Partial failure --> |
|||
| group 5 = 0:0:0 <!-- Success (splashdown) --> |
|||
| group 6 = 0:0:0 <!-- Success (tower catch) --> |
|||
<!-- years 23 24 25 --> |
|||
| colors = black : DarkRed : Red : Orange : #00ce00 : #009600 |
|||
| group names = Precluded : Loss before landing : Loss on landing : Partial failure : Success (splashdown) : Success (tower catch) |
|||
| units suffix = _launches |
|||
| x legends = 2023 : 2024 : 2025 |
|||
| y tick marks = 2 |
|||
}} |
|||
{{col-float-end}} |
|||
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width: 100%;" |
|||
|- |
|||
! scope="col" |Flight |
|||
! scope="col" |Date and time <br />([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]) |
|||
! scope="col" |Vehicles |
|||
! scope="col" |Launch site |
|||
! scope="col" |Orbit |
|||
!Duration |
|||
!Launch outcome |
|||
!Booster landing |
|||
!Spacecraft landing |
|||
|- |
|||
! rowspan="2" |[[SpaceX Starship integrated flight test 1|IFT-1]] |
|||
|20 April 2023, 13:33:09 |
|||
|[[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)#Ship 24 and Ship 25|Ship 24]]/[[SpaceX Super Heavy#B7-B8|Booster 7]] |
|||
|[[SpaceX Starbase|Starbase]] [[SpaceX Starbase#Orbital Launch Mount A|Orbital Pad A]] |
|||
|[[Transatmospheric orbit|Transatmospheric]]<ref>{{Citation |title=Starship Flight Test |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-1wcilQ58hI |access-date=2023-04-20 |language=en |archive-date=20 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420191532/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-1wcilQ58hI |url-status=live }}</ref> |
|||
|3 minutes, 59 seconds (until vehicle loss) |
|||
|{{No2|Failure (SpaceX declared success)}} |
|||
|{{N/a|Precluded}} |
|||
|{{N/a|Precluded}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan="8" |The first integrated flight test of Starship was the first [[flight test]] of the full [[launch vehicle]] with both the Super Heavy booster and the Starship upper stage integrated. If all early parts of the test were nominal on the test plan, the booster would ultimately make a powered splashdown in the Gulf of Mexico, and the ship would enter a [[Transatmospheric orbit|transatmospheric Earth orbit]] before reentering and impacting the Pacific Ocean north of Hawaii. Three engines were shut down before the booster lifted off the launch mount, with at least three more engines shutting down during booster powered flight. The vehicle eventually entered an uncontrolled spin before stage separation due to loss of [[thrust vector control]]. The [[flight termination system]] detonated with the intent to destroy the vehicle immediately, but the vehicle remained intact until T+3:59, more than 40 seconds after activation of the flight termination system.<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Callaghan |first=Jonathan |date=2023-10-01 |title=Termination shock |url=https://aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org/features/termination-shock/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022181656/https://aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org/features/termination-shock/ |archive-date=22 October 2023 |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=Aerospace America |language=en-US}}</ref> SpaceX declared this flight a success, as their primary goal was to only clear the pad.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kelly |first=Emre |date=2023-04-20 |title=SpaceX Starship launches from Texas, then explodes over Gulf of Mexico |url=https://usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2023/04/20/spacex-launch-live-stream-starship/11702498002 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118164334/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2023/04/20/spacex-launch-live-stream-starship/11702498002/ |archive-date=18 November 2023 |access-date=18 November 2023 |work=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> The launch resulted in extensive damage to the orbital launch mount and the infrastructures around it, including the propellant tank farm. |
|||
|- |
|||
! rowspan="2" |[[SpaceX Starship integrated flight test 2|IFT-2]] |
|||
|18 November 2023, 13:02:50<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1723153469673283850 |user=SpaceX |title=Watch Starship's Second Flight Test |author-link=SpaceX |access-date=2023-11-16 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117192115/https://twitter.com/SpaceX/status/1723153469673283850 |archive-date=17 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Starship's second flight test |url=https://www.spacex.com/launches/mission/?missionId=starship-flight-2 |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=SpaceX |language=en |archive-date=21 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121034547/https://www.spacex.com/launches/mission/?missionId=starship-flight-2 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
|||
|[[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)#Ship 24 and Ship 25|Ship 25]]/[[SpaceX Super Heavy#B9-B12|Booster 9]]<ref>{{cite tweet |number=1662251874936934400 |user=SpaceX |title=Another step closer to Mars — the first flight test of a fully integrated Starship and Super Heavy rocket |author-link=SpaceX |access-date=2023-05-27 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603150519/https://twitter.com/SpaceX/status/1662251874936934400 |archive-date=3 June 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Starship - First Integrated Flight Test - Recap |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_krgcofiM6M&t=125s |access-date=2023-05-28 |website=YouTube |language=en |archive-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528132415/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_krgcofiM6M&t=125s |url-status=live }}</ref> |
|||
|Starbase Orbital Pad A |
|||
|[[Transatmospheric orbit|Transatmospheric]] |
|||
|8 minutes, 5 seconds (until vehicle loss) |
|||
|{{No2|Failure (SpaceX declared success)}} |
|||
|{{Failure}} |
|||
|{{N/a|Precluded}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan="8" |The second integrated flight test of Starship had a test flight profile similar to the first flight, with the addition of a new hot-staging technique and the introduction of a water deluge system as part of the ground support equipment at the launch pad. During the first stage ascent, all 33 engines fired to full duration. Starship and Super Heavy successfully accomplished a [[Hot staging|hot-staging separation]]. After initiating a flip maneuver and initiating boostback burn, several booster engines began shutting down, due to filter blockage.<ref name="sx202402262">{{Cite web |date=February 26, 2024 |title=SpaceX Updates |url=https://www.spacex.com/updates/ |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=SpaceX |language=en}}</ref> One engine failed explosively, with the damage caused resulting in a loss of the booster.<ref name="sx202402262" /> |
|||
The upper stage ascended normally for another six minutes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weber |first=Ryan |date=2023-11-17 |title=After upgrades, Starship achieves numerous successes during second test flight |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/11/ift-2-launch/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211004114/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/11/ift-2-launch/ |archive-date=11 December 2023 |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=[[NASASpaceFlight.com]] |language=en-US}}</ref> A leak in the aft section developed while a planned liquid oxygen venting was underway, triggering a combustion event that interrupted communication between the craft’s flight computers, causing full engine shutdown.<ref name="sx202402262" /> The Autonomous Flight Safety System detected this mission rule violation and activated the flight termination system (FTS) as the ship reached an altitude of ~148 km and velocity of ~24,000 km/h.<ref name="sx202402262" /> |
|||
|- |
|||
! rowspan="2" |[[SpaceX Starship integrated flight test 3|IFT-3]] |
|||
|14 March 2024, 13:25:00<ref name="JSR">{{Cite web |last=McDowell |first=Jonathan |author-link=Jonathan McDowell |date=March 14, 2024 |title=Jonathan's Space Report No. 831 |url=https://planet4589.org/space/jsr/latest.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329001529/https://planet4589.org/space/jsr/latest.html |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=March 14, 2024 |website=[[Jonathan's Space Report]]}}</ref> |
|||
|[[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)#Ships 28–32|Ship 28]]/[[SpaceX Super Heavy#B9-B12|Booster 10]]<ref name=JSR /> |
|||
|Starbase Orbital Pad A<ref>{{Cite web |title=Starship-Super Heavy (Prototype) {{!}} Starship Flight 3 |url=https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/NextSpaceflight.com/launches/details/7363 |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=Next Spaceflight |language=en}}</ref> |
|||
|[[Sub-orbital spaceflight|Suborbital]]<br> |
|||
|49 minutes, 35 seconds (until vehicle loss) |
|||
|{{success}} |
|||
|{{Failure}} |
|||
|{{Failure}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan="8" |The third integrated flight test of Starship included a full-duration burn of the second-stage engines, an internal propellant-transfer demonstration, and a test of the Starlink dispenser door. If the test sequence had progressed further, additional tests would have included an in-space relight followed by a hard splashdown of the ship in the Indian Ocean, approximately 1 hour 4 minutes after launch.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sheetz |first=Michael |date=2023-12-05 |title=SpaceX plans key NASA demonstration for next Starship launch |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/12/05/spacex-plans-nasa-refueling-demonstration-for-next-starship-launch.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205175509/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/12/05/spacex-plans-nasa-refueling-demonstration-for-next-starship-launch.html |archive-date=5 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-05 |website=[[CNBC]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SpaceX |url=https://www.spacex.com/launches/mission/?missionId=starship-flight-3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240306183144/https://www.spacex.com/launches/mission/?missionId=starship-flight-3 |archive-date=6 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=SpaceX |language=en}}</ref><ref name="SpxIFT3review2">{{Cite web |title=Starship's Third Flight Test |url=https://www.spacex.com/launches/mission/?missionId=starship-flight-3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240306183144/https://www.spacex.com/launches/mission/?missionId=starship-flight-3 |archive-date=6 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=SpaceX |language=en}}</ref> |
|||
The booster successfully propelled the spacecraft to staging, with 13 engines successfully ignited for a boostback burn, though 6 engines failed a few seconds before the end of the burn. However, several minutes later, during the landing burn ignition, only three engines ignited, and the booster was destroyed by unknown causes at an altitude of 462 meters above the ocean.<ref name="SpxIFT3review2" /> |
|||
The spacecraft trajectory was suborbital, with a {{cvt|234|km}} apogee and {{cvt|-50|km}} perigee,<ref name="JSR2">{{Cite web |last=McDowell |first=Jonathan |author-link=Jonathan McDowell |date=March 14, 2024 |title=Jonathan's Space Report No. 831 |url=https://planet4589.org/space/jsr/latest.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329001529/https://planet4589.org/space/jsr/latest.html |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=March 14, 2024 |website=[[Jonathan's Space Report]]}}</ref> although the ship did reach [[orbital speed]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strickland |first=Ashley |date=2024-03-16 |title=Starship's monumental third flight ends unexpectedly |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/16/world/starship-milestones-science-newsletter-wt-scn/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316152105/https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/16/world/starship-milestones-science-newsletter-wt-scn/index.html |archive-date=16 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-16 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en}}</ref>). A scheduled restart of a Raptor engine for a [[Retrograde and prograde motion|prograde]] burn test did not occur, which would have resulted in a {{cvt|50|km}} perigee and somewhat later [[Transatmospheric Earth orbit|entry into the atmosphere]].<ref name="JSR2" /> Minutes into atmospheric re-entry, Ship 28's telemetry cut off, leading SpaceX to conclude the ship had disintegrated prior to its planned splashdown. |
|||
|- |
|||
! rowspan="2" |[[SpaceX Starship integrated flight test 4|IFT-4]] |
|||
|6 June 2024, 12:50:00 |
|||
|[[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)#Ships 28–32|Ship 29]]/[[SpaceX Super Heavy#B9–B12|Booster 11]]<ref name="x20240202">{{Cite tweet |number=1753492142201475570 |user=SpaceX |title=Super Heavy boosters for the next three flights |author-link=SpaceX |date=February 2, 2024 |access-date=February 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202203026/https://twitter.com/SpaceX/status/1753492142201475570 |archive-date=2 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Citation |title=SpaceX Revving Up for Starship Flight 3: {{!}} Starbase Update |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxlV8tNBSSs |access-date=2024-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129195457/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxlV8tNBSSs |archive-date=29 January 2024 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite tweet |number=1765798484148428999 |user=NASASpaceflight |title=We are live with testing of Ship 29, which is the upper stage of the fourth Starship Flight Test. |first=Chris |last=Bergin |date=Mar 7, 2024 |access-date=Mar 7, 2024}}</ref> |
|||
|Starbase Orbital Pad A<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Starship-Super Heavy (Prototype) {{!}} Starship Flight 4 |url=https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/NextSpaceflight.com/launches/details/7533 |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=nextspaceflight.com |language=en}}</ref> |
|||
|[[Sub-orbital spaceflight|Suborbital]] |
|||
|N/A |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|{{Success|Success (splashdown)}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan="8" |IFT-4 will use almost the same trajectory as IFT-3. It will not test the Pez Dispenser, or in-space relight, though the ship will attempt to relight its engines for a landing burn.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=May 24, 2024 |title=STARSHIP'S FOURTH FLIGHT TEST |url=https://www.spacex.com/launches/mission/?missionId=starship-flight-4 |access-date=May 24, 2024 |website=SpaceX.com}}</ref> B11 will attempt a landing on a "virtual tower", in preparation for a catch during IFT-5.<ref name=":3" /> |
|||
|} |
|||
=== Upcoming flights === |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
!Flight |
|||
!Date and time |
|||
([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]) |
|||
!Vehicle |
|||
!Launch site |
|||
!Orbit |
|||
!Booster landing |
|||
!Spacecraft landing |
|||
|- |
|||
! rowspan="2" |[[SpaceX Starship integrated flight test 5|IFT-5]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Starship |url=https://nextspaceflight.com/starship/NextSpaceflight.com/starship/ |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=nextspaceflight.com |language=en}}</ref> |
|||
|NET Late June, 2024<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZZbtLRoZog |title=Starbase Weekly, Ep.116: Ship 26 Testing at the new Test Stand! |date=2024-05-19 |last=RGV Aerial Photography |access-date=2024-05-19 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-14 |title=SpaceX aims to launch Starship after Memorial Day |url=https://www.valleycentral.com/news/local-news/spacex-speaks-at-boca-chica-on-future-plans/ |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=KVEO-TV |language=en-US}}</ref> |
|||
|[[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)#Ships_28–32|Ship 30]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 8, 2024 |title=Static fire of Flight 5 Starship’s six Raptor engines |url=https://twitter.com/spacex/status/1788310386846179345 |access-date=May 8, 2024 |website=X (formerly Twitter)}}</ref>/[[SpaceX Super Heavy#B9–B12|Booster 12]]<ref name="x20240202" /><ref name=":2" /> |
|||
|Starbase Orbital Pad A |
|||
|Unknown |
|||
|{{Planned|Planned (tower catch)}} |
|||
|Unknown |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan="6" |In April 2024, Musk stated that Flight 5 would involve a catch of the Super Heavy booster on the tower, if B11's splashdown is successful.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Bergin |first=Chris |date=Apr 6, 2024 |title=Some interesting notes |url=https://twitter.com/nasaspaceflight/status/1776676390735163511 |access-date=Apr 6, 2024 |website=X (formerly Twitter)}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|||
! rowspan="2" |IFT-6 |
|||
|TBD |
|||
|[[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)#Ships 28–32|Ship 31]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bergin |first=Chris |date=May 11, 2024 |title=With Booster 11 (Flight 4) now at the launch site. Ship 31 (Flight 6) is preparing to roll to Masseys. |url=https://twitter.com/nasaspaceflight/status/1789159230995345769 |access-date=May 11, 2024 |website=X (formerly Twitter)}}</ref>/[[SpaceX Super Heavy#B13–B14|Booster 13]]<ref name="x20240202" /><ref name=":2" /> |
|||
|Starbase Orbital Pad A |
|||
|Unknown |
|||
|Unknown |
|||
|Unknown |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan="6" |As of April 2024, the flight profile for IFT-6 is unknown. |
|||
|- |
|||
! rowspan="2" |IFT-7 |
|||
|TBD |
|||
|[[SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)#Ships 28–32|Ship 32]]/[[SpaceX Super Heavy#B13–B14|Booster 14]]<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqS20P1PYPA |title=Firing Up the Next Prototypes + Elon Updates {{!}} SpaceX Starbase Update |language=en |access-date=2024-04-09 |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> |
|||
|Starbase Orbital Pad A |
|||
|Unknown |
|||
|Unknown |
|||
|Unknown |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan="6" |As of April 2024, the flight profile for IFT-7 is unknown. |
|||
|}<!-- Do not expand past IFT-7, as those will be V2 flights --> |
|||
==Notes== |
==Notes== |
||
{{notelist}} |
{{notelist}} |
||
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} |
|||
== See also == |
|||
* [[SpaceX Starship design process]] |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
||
Latest revision as of 07:20, 15 September 2024
SpaceX conducted eleven flight tests of prototype rockets for the Starship development program from 2019 to 2021. These tests only included prototypes of the ship, or upper stage, rather than the full two-stage Starship launch vehicle. The scope of these tests ranged from short tethered engine firings[1] to launches to approximately 10 km with landing attempts.[2]
SpaceX began testing with the test article Starhopper in 2019, including two short hops with the article tethered to the ground.[1] Starhopper and two early ship prototypes, SN5 and SN6, then completed untethered flights.[3][4][5] Five ships, beginning with SN8, performed flights to approximately 12.5 km (SN8 only) or 10 km.[6][7] On descent, the ships flipped into a "belly flop" maneuver, falling in the horizontal position with aerodynamic control from the four body flaps. This was to simulate the descent after atmospheric reentry on an orbital mission.[8] After falling to an altitude of about 500 m, the engines relit and flipped the ships vertical for landing on a concrete pad, with varying degrees of success.[9]
Flight History
Launch outcomes
1
2
3
4
2019
2020
2021
- Success (tethered)
- Success (untethered)
Landing outcomes
1
2
3
4
2019
2020
2021
- Loss before landing
- Loss on landing
- Loss after landing
- Success (tethered)
- Success (untethered)
| Flight No. |
Date and time (UTC) |
Vehicles | Launch site[a] | Flight apogee | Duration (mm:ss) | Launch outcome | Landing outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | 3 April 2019 | Starhopper | Suborbital Launch Site | <0.3 m (1 ft 0 in) | ~00:03 | Success | — |
| The first firing of Starhopper and the first tethered hop (according to Musk[10][11]). The burn was a few seconds in duration and the vehicle was tethered to the ground. The vehicle may have lifted off the ground, but only to a very small height, and it was not possible to see the lift off in public video recordings of the test.[11][12] | |||||||
| - | 5 April 2019 | Starhopper | Suborbital Launch Site | 1 m (3 ft 3 in) | ~00:05 | Success | — |
| Tethered hop which hit tether limits.[13] | |||||||
| 1 | 25 July 2019[3] | Starhopper | Suborbital Launch Site | 20 m (66 ft)[14] | ~00:22 | Success | Success |
| First free (untethered) flight test. | |||||||
| 2 | 27 August 2019 22:00[15][16] | Starhopper | Suborbital Launch Site | 150 m (490 ft)[15] | ~01:00[17] | Success | Success |
| Starhopper was retired after this launch and used as a water tank at the production site.[15][18][19] | |||||||
| 3 | 4 August 2020 23:57[20][21] | Starship SN5 | Suborbital Pad A | 150 m (490 ft)[20] | ~00:45 | Success | Success |
| Second 150-meter hop, and first hop of a full Starship prototype.[22][23] | |||||||
| 4 | 3 September 2020 17:47[24] | Starship SN6 | Suborbital Pad A | 150 m (490 ft)[25] | ~00:45 | Success | Success |
| Third 150-meter hop, and second hop of a full Starship prototype.[24] | |||||||
| 5 | 9 December 2020 22:45[26] | Starship SN8 | Suborbital Pad A | 12.5 km (41,000 ft)[27] | 06:42 | Success | Failure |
| First high-altitude flight test. Vehicle successfully launched, ascended, performed the skydive descent maneuver, relit the engines fueled from header tanks, and steered to the landing pad.[27][28] The flip maneuver from horizontal descent to vertical was successful, but a sudden pressure loss in the methane header tank caused by the flip maneuver reduced fuel supply and thrust, resulting in a hard landing and explosion.[27] | |||||||
| 6 | 2 February 2021 20:25[7] | Starship SN9 | Suborbital Pad B | 10 km (33,000 ft)[29][7][30] | 06:26[30] | Success | Failure |
| A Raptor failing to start caused SN9 to over-rotate and hit the landing pad. The vehicle was destroyed on impact.[30][31][32][33] | |||||||
| 7 | 3 March 2021 23:15[34][35] | Starship SN10 | Suborbital Pad A | 10 km (33,000 ft)[36] | 06:24[37][b] | Success | Partial failure |
| SN10 launched and ascended nominally, but experienced a hard landing with a slight lean after the landing, and a fire developed near the base of the rocket.[40] Eight minutes after landing, SN10 exploded,[41] potentially due to helium ingestion from the fuel header tank.[38] | |||||||
| 8 | 30 March 2021 13:00[42] | Starship SN11 | Suborbital Pad B | 10 km (33,000 ft)[43] | 05:49[c][42] | Success | Failure |
| SN11 had engine issues during ascent (according to Elon Musk).[44] Vehicle lost before T+6:00.[45][46] Musk stated that a "relatively small" methane leak caused a fire on one of the Raptor engines during ascent, causing the engine to experience a hard start when relit.[47] | |||||||
| 9 | 5 May 2021 22:24[48] | Starship SN15 | Suborbital Pad A | 10 km (33,000 ft)[49] | 05:59 | Success | Success |
| SN15 was a new iteration of prototype Starship with many upgrades over previous vehicles.[50] SN15 achieved a soft landing, with a small fire starting near the base shortly after landing. The post-flight fire was out within 20 minutes, and SN15 was retired by the end of the month.[51][52] It was later scrapped in July 2023.[53] | |||||||
See also
Notes
- ^ All launches are from Starbase, Texas
- ^ Despite making an intact landing and beginning the detanking procedures, the vehicle suffered an explosion several minutes later destroying the vehicle in the process. SpaceX called it a successful landing but later acknowledged a problem with lower-than-expected engine thrust causing a hard landing[38] exceeding maximum leg loads[39] and the vehicle exploded.[35]
- ^ Time until vehicle telemetry loss
References
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- ^ a b Berger, Eric (26 July 2019). "SpaceX's Starship prototype has taken flight for the first time". Ars Technica. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
- ^ Baylor, Michael (27 August 2019). "SpaceX's Starhopper completes 150 meter test hop". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
- ^ Bergin, Chris (17 August 2020). "SN6 begins test campaign as future Starships hatch plans for SpaceX's next leap". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
- ^ Cotton, Ethan (10 November 2020). "Starship SN8 | 12.5-kilometer hop". Everyday Astronaut. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
- ^ a b c Cotton, Ethan (24 January 2021). "Starship SN9: 10 kilometer flight". Everyday Astronaut. Archived from the original on 21 March 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
- ^ Mike Wall (9 December 2020). "SpaceX's Starship SN8 prototype soars on epic test launch, with explosive landing". Space.com. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
- ^ DeSisto, Austin (23 April 2021). "Starship and its Belly Flop Maneuver". Everyday Astronaut. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
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- ^ Grush, Loren (3 April 2019). "SpaceX just fired up the engine on its test Starship vehicle for the first time". The Verge. Archived from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
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- ^ Burghardt, Thomas (25 July 2019). "Starhopper successfully conducts debut Boca Chica Hop". NASASpaceFlight.com. Archived from the original on 26 July 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2019.
- ^ a b c Baylor, Michael (27 August 2019). "SpaceX's Starhopper completes 150 meter test hop". NASASpaceFlight.com. Archived from the original on 2 December 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
- ^ Wall, Mike (27 August 2019). "SpaceX Starhopper Rocket Prototype Aces Highest (and Final) Test Flight". Space.com. Archived from the original on 2 December 2019. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
- ^ 150 Meter Starhopper Test. SpaceX. 27 August 2019. Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022 – via YouTube.
- ^ Mosher, Dave (7 August 2019). "SpaceX may cannibalize its first Mars rocket-ship prototype in Elon Musk's race to launch Starship". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
- ^ Ralph, Eric (27 August 2019). "SpaceX scrubs Starhopper's final Raptor-powered flight as Elon Musk talks finicky igniters". Teslarati. Archived from the original on 2 December 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
- ^ a b Ralph, Eric (4 August 2020). "SpaceX Starship leaps towards Mars with picture-perfect hop debut". Teslarati. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
- ^ Baylor, Michael (3 August 2020). "Starship SN5 conducts successful 150-meter flight test". NASASpaceFlight.com. Archived from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
- ^ Clark, Stephen (5 August 2020). "SpaceX clears big hurdle on next-gen Starship rocket program". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
- ^ Baylor, Michael (4 August 2020). "Starship SN5 conducts successful 150-meter flight test". NASASpaceflight. Archived from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
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- ^ Bergin, Chris (16 August 2020). "SN6 begins test campaign as future Starships hatch plans for SpaceX's next leap". NASASpaceFlight.com. Archived from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
- ^ "NOTAM". Archived from the original on 8 December 2020. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
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- ^ Cotton, Ethan (22 February 2021). "When will SN10 launch? Live Updates". Everyday Astronaut. Archived from the original on 21 February 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ a b Baylor, Michael. "Starship SN10 History". Next Spaceflight. Archived from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
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- ^ a b Musk, Elon [@elonmusk] (9 March 2021). "@austinbarnard45 SN10 engine was low on thrust due (probably) to partial helium ingestion from fuel header tank. Impact of 10m/s crushed legs & part of skirt. Multiple fixes in work for SN11" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022 – via Twitter.
- ^ Musk, Elon [@elonmusk] (6 March 2021). "@PPathole @TimSweeneyEpic This was way past leg loads. They got squashed hard" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 30 September 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022 – via Twitter.
- ^ Etherington, Darrell (4 March 2021). "SpaceX's Starship prototype flies to 32,000 feet and sticks the landing in third flight test". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
- ^ Wall, Mike (4 March 2021). "SpaceX's SN10 Starship prototype lands after epic test launch — but then explodes". Space.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
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- ^ Baylor, Michael [@nextspaceflight] (25 March 2021). "SpaceX is targeting March 26 for Starship SN11's static fire and flight test, per a county road and beach clsoure notice. The main county page has a typo, but this is the text from the formal notice. https://t.co/Q9GolL1o9g https://t.co/wpRka8Pa12" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 30 September 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022 – via Twitter.
- ^ Musk, Elon [@elonmusk] (30 March 2021). "@SpaceX Looks like engine 2 had issues on ascent & didn't reach operating chamber pressure during landing burn, but, in theory, it wasn't needed. Something significant happened shortly after landing burn start. Should know what it was once we can examine the bits later today" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 30 September 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022 – via Twitter.
- ^ Bergin, Chris [@NASASpaceflight] (30 March 2021). "Ended in a RUD. Remember, it's a test program and they've gained a lot of wins from the four flights. Stable controlled descent is one, but long-duration Raptor performance deserves a shoutout. This was the last view from SpaceX and sign off from John Insprucker: https://t.co/4KAnLEWIUG" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 23 August 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022 – via Twitter.
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- ^ Beyer, Jack (27 July 2024). "RIP SN15". X (formerly Twitter). Retrieved 11 September 2024.
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