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{{Short description|United States Army military decoration}}
{{Infobox Military Award
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2024}} {{Use American English|date=February 2024}}
|name=Army Distinguished Service Medal
{{Infobox award
|image=[[Image:Distservmedal.jpg]]
|name=U.S. Army Distinguished Service Medal
|image=[[File:Distservmedal.jpg|125px]]
|caption=
|caption=
|presenter=[[United States Department of the Army]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://govdocs.rutgers.edu/mil/army/r600_8_22.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111110243/http://govdocs.rutgers.edu/mil/army/r600_8_22.pdf |archive-date=2018-01-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|awarded_by=[[United States Army]]
|type=[[Distinguished service medal]]
|type=Medal
|eligibility=
|eligibility=United States Army soldiers
|awarded_for=Distinguished themself by exceptionally meritorious service to the Government in a duty of great responsibility.
|for=
|status=
|status=Currently awarded
|description=
|description=
|clasps=
|clasps=
|established=
|established= January 2, 1918
|firstawarded= January 12, 1918
|first_award=
|lastawarded=
|last_award=
|total_awarded=
|total=
|total_awarded_posthumously=
|posthumous=
|total_recipients=
|recipients=
|individual=
|individual=
|higher=Army - [[Distinguished Service Cross (United States)|Distinguished Service Cross]] <br> Navy - [[Navy Cross]] <br> Air Force - [[Air Force Cross (United States)|Air Force Cross]]
|higher=Department of Defense: [[Defense Distinguished Service Medal]]<br/>Department of Homeland Security: [[Homeland Security Distinguished Service Medal]]
|same=Distinguished Service Medal: [[Defense Distinguished Service Medal|Defense]], Army, [[Navy Distinguished Service Medal|Navy]], [[Air Force Distinguished Service Medal|Air Force]], [[Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal|Coast Guard]]
|same=Naval Service: [[Navy Distinguished Service Medal]]<br/>Air and Space Forces: [[Air Force Distinguished Service Medal]]<br/>Coast Guard: [[Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal]]<br/>Public Health Service: [[Public Health Service Distinguished Service Medal]]
|lower=[[Silver Star]]
|lower=[[Silver Star Medal]]
|image2=[[File:U.S. Army Distinguished Service Medal ribbon.svg|124px|border]]
|image2=
|caption2=
|caption2=[[Service ribbon]]
}}
}}
:''This article concerns the United States Army Distinguished Service Medal. Please see "[[Distinguished Service Medal (United States)|Distinguished Service Medal]]" for other U.S. versions of the Distinguished Service Medal.''


The '''Distinguished Service Medal''' (DSM) is a [[Awards and decorations of the United States military|military award]] of the [[United States Army]] that is presented to any person who, while serving in any capacity with the [[United States military]], has distinguished himself or herself by exceptionally meritorious service to the Government in a duty of great responsibility. The performance must be such as to merit recognition for service that is clearly exceptional. Exceptional performance of normal duty will not alone justify an award of this decoration.
The '''Distinguished Service Medal''' ('''DSM''')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=8962|title=ASSIST-QuickSearch Document Details|website=quicksearch.dla.mil}}</ref> is a [[Awards and decorations of the United States military|military decoration]] of the [[United States Army]] that is presented to soldiers who have distinguished themselves by exceptionally meritorious service to the government in a duty of great responsibility. The performance must be such as to merit recognition for service that is clearly exceptional. The exceptional performance of normal duty will not alone justify an award of this decoration.


Separate Distinguished Service Medals exist for the different branches of the military as well as a fifth version of the medal which is a senior award of the United States Department of Defense. The Army version of the Distinguished Service Medal is typically referred to simply as the "Distinguished Service Medal" while the other branches of service use the service name as a prefix.
The Army's Distinguished Service Medal is equivalent to the Naval Service's [[Navy Distinguished Service Medal]], Air and Space Forces' [[Air Force Distinguished Service Medal|Distinguished Service Medal]], and the [[Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal]]. Prior to the creation of the Air Force's Distinguished Service Medal in 1960, United States Air Force airmen were awarded the Army's Distinguished Service Medal.


==Description==
For service not related to actual war, the term "duty of a great responsibility" applies to a narrower range of positions than in time of war, and requires evidence of conspicuously significant achievement. However, justification of the award may accrue by virtue of exceptionally meritorious service in a succession of high positions of great importance.
*The coat of arms of the United States in Gold surrounded by a circle of Dark Blue enamel, 1 ½ inches in diameter, bearing the inscription "'''FOR DISTINGUISHED SERVICE MCMXVIII'''".
*On the reverse is a scroll for the name of the recipient (which is to be engraved) upon a trophy of flags and weapons. The medal is suspended by a bar attached to the ribbon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Distinguished Service Medal (Army) Heraldry |url=https://tioh.army.mil/Catalog/Heraldry.aspx?HeraldryId=15240&CategoryId=3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916175729/https://tioh.army.mil/Catalog/Heraldry.aspx?HeraldryId=15240&CategoryId=3 |archive-date=2023-09-16 |access-date=2023-09-16 |website=[[United States Army Institute of Heraldry]]}}</ref>


===Ribbon===
Awards may be made to persons other than members of the [[United States military|Armed Forces of the United States]] for wartime services only, and then only under exceptional circumstances, with the express approval of the President in each case.
*The ribbon is {{convert|1+3/8|in|mm}} wide and consists of the following stripes:
#{{convert|5/16|in|mm}} Scarlet 67111;
#{{convert|1/16|in|mm}} Ultramarine Blue 67118;
#{{convert|5/8|in|mm}} White 67101;
#{{convert|1/16|in|mm}} Ultramarine Blue;
#{{convert|5/16|in|mm}} Scarlet.


==Design of the Distinguished Service Medal==
*Additional awards of the Distinguished Service Medal are denoted by [[oak leaf cluster]]s.
The medal consists of the Coat of Arms of the United States in Gold surrounded by a circle of Dark Blue enamel, 1.5 inches (38 mm) in diameter, bearing the inscription "<small>FOR DISTINGUISHED SERVICE MCMXVIII</small>." On the reverse is a scroll for the name of the recipient (which is to be engraved) upon a trophy of flags and weapons. The medal is suspended by a bar attached to the ribbon. The ribbon is 1 3/8 inches (35 mm) wide and consists of the following stripes: 5/16 inch (8 mm) scarlet 67111; 1/16 inch (2 mm) ultramarine blue 67118; 5/8 inch (16 mm) white 67101; 1/16 inch (2 mm) ultramarine blue; and 5/16 inch (8 mm) scarlet.


==Criteria==
Additional awards of the Distinguished Service Medal are denoted by [[oak leaf cluster]]s.
The Distinguished Service Medal is awarded to any person who, while serving in any capacity with the United States Army, has distinguished themselves by exceptionally meritorious service to the Government in a duty of great responsibility.

The performance must be such as to merit recognition for service which is clearly exceptional. Exceptional performance of normal duty will not alone justify an award of this decoration. For service not related to actual war, the term "duty of a great responsibility" applies to a narrower range of positions than in time of war and requires evidence of a conspicuously significant achievement. However, justification of the award may accrue by virtue of exceptionally meritorious service in a succession of high positions of great importance. Awards may be made to persons other than members of the Armed Forces of the United States for wartime services only, and only then under exceptional circumstances with the express approval of the president in each case.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/cfr_2008/julqtr/32cfr578.11.htm|title=Distinguished Service Medal.|website=edocket.access.gpo.gov}}</ref>

==Components==
*The following are authorized components of the Distinguished Service Medal and applicable specifications:
#Decoration (regular size): MIL-D-3943/7.
##NSN for decoration set: 8455-00-444-0007.
##NSN for replacement medal is 8455-00-246-3830.
#Decoration (miniature size): MIL-D-3943/7. NSN 8455-00-996-5008.
#Ribbon: MIL-R-11589/52. NSN 8455-00-252-9922.
#Lapel Button (metal replica of ribbon bar): MIL-L-11484/4. NSN 8455-00-253-0809.


==History of the Distinguished Service Medal==
==History of the Distinguished Service Medal==
The Distinguished Service Medal was authorized by Presidential Order dated [[January 2]], [[1918]], and confirmed by Congress on [[July 9]], [[1918]]. It was announced by War Department General Order No. 6, [[January 12]], [[1918]], with the following information concerning the medal: "A bronze medal of appropriate design and a ribbon to be worn in lieu thereof, to be awarded by the President to any person who, while serving in any capacity with the Army shall hereafter distinguish himself or herself, or who, since [[April 6]], [[1917]], has distinguished himself or herself by exceptionally meritorious service to the Government in a duty of great responsibility in time of war or in connection with military operations against an armed enemy of the United States." The Act of Congress on [[July 9]], [[1918]], recognized the need for different types and degrees of heroism and meritorious service and included such provisions for award criteria. The current statutory authorization for the Distinguished Service Medal is Title 10, [[United States Code]], Section 3743.
The Distinguished Service Medal was authorized by Presidential Order dated January 2, 1918, and confirmed by Congress on July 9, 1918. It was announced by War Department General Order No. 6, 1918-01-12, with the following information concerning the medal: "A bronze medal of appropriate design and a ribbon to be worn in lieu thereof, to be awarded by the President to any person who, while serving in any capacity with the Army shall hereafter distinguish himself or herself, or who, since 04-06-1917, has distinguished himself or herself by exceptionally meritorious service to the Government in a duty of great responsibility in time of war or in connection with military operations against an armed enemy of the United States." The Act of Congress on July 9, 1918, recognized the need for different types and degrees of heroism and meritorious service and included such provisions for award criteria. The current statutory authorization for the Distinguished Service Medal is [[Title 10 of the United States Code|Title 10]], [[United States Code]], Section 3743.<ref>{{UnitedStatesCode|10|3743}}</ref>


==Recipients==
Among the first awards of the Distinguished Service Medal for service in World War I were those presented to the Commanding Officers of the Allied Armies: General Pershing of the United States, Marshals [[Ferdinand Foch|Foch]] and [[Joseph Joffre|Joffre]] and [[Philippe Pétain|General Pétain]] of France, Field Marshal Haig of the United Kingdom, [[Arthur Currie|General Currie]] of Canada, General Monash of Australia, General Diaz of Italy and General Gillain of Belgium. More than 2,000 awards were made during World War I, and by the time the United States entered World War II, approximately 2,800 awards had been made. From [[July 1]], [[1941]] to [[June 6]], [[1969]], when the Army stopped publishing awards of the DSM in Department of the Army General Orders, over 2,800 further awards were made (George H. Apgar, ''Awards of the US Army Distinguished Service Medal 1942-1969'', 1995 Planchet Press).
{{see also|Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States)}}
*Among the first awards of the Distinguished Service Medal for service in World War I, were those to the Commanding Officers of the Allied Armies:
#Marshal [[Ferdinand Foch]]
#Marshal [[Joseph Joffre]]
#General [[Philippe Petain]] of France
#General [[Louis Franchet d'Espèrey]] of France
#General Sir [[Arthur Currie]] of Canada
#General Sir [[John Monash]] of Australia
#Field Marshal [[Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig]] of Britain
#General [[Armando Diaz]] of Italy
#General [[Cyriaque Gillain]] of Belgium
#General [[John Joseph Pershing]] of the United States
#[[Field marshal (Serbia and Yugoslavia)|Field Marshal]] [[Živojin Mišić]] of Serbia


More than 2,000 awards were made during World War I, and by the time the United States entered World War II, approximately 2,800 awards had been made. From July 1, 1941, to June 6, 1969, when the Department of the Army stopped publishing awards of the DSM in Department of the Army General Orders, over 2,800 further awards were made.<ref>George H. Apgar (1995), ''Awards of the US Army Distinguished Service Medal 1942-1969'', Planchet Press</ref>
It should be noted that until the first award of the [[Air Force Distinguished Service Medal]] in 1965, [[United States Air Force]] personnel received this award as well, as was the case with several other Army decorations until the Air Force fully established its own system of decorations.


Prior to World War II the DSM was the only decoration for non-combat service in the U.S. Army. As a result, before World War II the DSM was awarded to a wider range of recipients than during and after World War II. During World War I awards of the DSM to officers below the rank of brigadier general were fairly common but became rare once the [[Legion of Merit]] was established in 1942.
==Notable recipients==


Until the first award of the [[Air Force Distinguished Service Medal]] in 1965, [[United States Air Force]] personnel received this award as well, as was the case with several other Department of the Army decorations until the Department of the Air Force fully established its own system of decorations.
Because the Army Distinguished Service Medal is principally awarded to general officers, a list of notable recipients would include nearly every general and admiral since 1918, many of whom received multiple awards, as well as a few civilians prominent for their contributions to national defense. Among notable recipients below flag rank are: X-1 test pilot [[Chuck Yeager]] and X-15 test pilot [[Robert M. White]], who both received the DSM as U.S. Air Force majors; Air Force Major [[Rudolph Anderson]], the [[Lockheed U-2|U-2]] pilot shot down during the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]]; director [[Frank Capra]], decorated in 1945 as an Army colonel; Col. [[Wendell Fertig]], who led Filipino guerrillas behind Japanese lines; and Col. (later Major General) [[John K. Singlaub]], who led partisan forces in the Korean War. Among notable civilian recipients are [[Harry L. Hopkins]], [[Robert S. McNamara]] and [[Henry L. Stimson]].


Notable foreign recipients include:
===Notable recipients===
Because the Army Distinguished Service Medal is principally awarded to general officers, a list of notable recipients would include nearly every general, and some admirals, since 1918, many of whom received multiple awards, as well as a few civilians and sergeants major prominent for their contributions to national defense.


General [[Martin Dempsey]], former [[chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]], holds the record for receiving the greatest number of awards of the Army Distinguished Service Medal, at six. He also received three awards of the [[Defense Distinguished Service Medal]] as well as one award each of the [[Navy Distinguished Service Medal]], the [[Air Force Distinguished Service Medal]], and the [[Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal]], for a total of twelve Distinguished Service Medals.
*[[Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke]], Field Marshal, British Army

*[[Albert I of Belgium|Albert I]], King of the Belgians
Generals of the Army [[Douglas MacArthur]] and [[Dwight Eisenhower]] are tied with five awards each received of the Army Distinguished Service Medal. They also each received one award of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, for a total of six DSMs each.

General [[Lucius D. Clay]] (Four Star) received three Army DSM awards for his service that included Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces (European Theater) and Military Governor of Germany. During his tenure, Gen. Clay solved his greatest challenge: the Soviet Blockade of Berlin, which was imposed in June 1948. Gen. Clay triggered the Berlin Airlift, which served the city residents during the harsh winter of 1948–1949. He is also a recipient of the Legion of Merit.

General [[Norman Schwarzkopf]] received two awards of the Army DSM and one award each of the Defense DSM, Navy DSM, the Air Force DSM and the Coast Guard DSM, for a total of six DSMs.

General [[Lloyd Austin]] received four awards of the Army DSM and five awards of the Defense DSM for a total of nine DSMs.

Among notable recipients below flag rank are: X-1 test pilot [[Chuck Yeager]] and X-15 test pilot [[Robert M. White]], who both received the DSM as U.S. Air Force majors; Air Force Major [[Rudolf Anderson]], the [[Lockheed U-2|U-2]] pilot shot down during the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]]; director [[Frank Capra]], decorated in 1945 as an army colonel; actor [[James Stewart]], decorated in 1945 as an Army Air Forces colonel (later Air Force Brigadier General); Colonel [[Wendell Fertig]], who led Filipino guerrillas behind Japanese lines; Colonel (later Major General) [[John K. Singlaub]], who led partisan forces in the Korean War; and Major [[Maude C. Davison]], who led the "[[Angels of Bataan]] and Corregidor" during their imprisonment by the Japanese, and Colonel William S. Taylor, Program Manager Multiple Launch Rocket System. Among notable civilian recipients are [[Harry L. Hopkins]], [[Robert S. McNamara]] and [[Henry L. Stimson]].

Notable American and foreign recipients include:
{{Incomplete list|date=August 2008}}

===United States Army===
*[[General of the Armies]] [[John J. Pershing]] – Commander of the [[American Expeditionary Forces]]
*[[General of the Army (United States)|General of the Army]] [[George C. Marshall]] – [[US Army Chief of Staff]] (two awards)
*General of the Army [[Douglas MacArthur]] – [[Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers]] (five awards)
*General of the Army [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] – [[NATO]] [[Supreme Allied Commander Europe]] (five awards)
*General of the Army [[Omar N. Bradley]] – [[Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]] (four awards)
*[[General (United States)|General]] [[John Abizaid]] – Commander [[US Central Command]]
*General [[Creighton Abrams]] – US Army Chief of Staff (five awards)
*General [[Lloyd Austin]] – Commander US Central Command (four awards)
*General [[Julius W. Becton Jr.]] – African American combat veteran of the Korean and Vietnam wars.
*General [[J. H. Binford Peay III]] – Commander US Central Command (two awards)
*General [[Tasker H. Bliss]] – US Army Chief of Staff
*General [[George W. Casey Jr.]] – US Army Chief of Staff (two awards)
*General [[Richard E. Cavazos]] - Commander United States Army Forces Command (FORSCOM) (two awards)
*General [[Peter W. Chiarelli]] – US Army Vice Chief of Staff
*General [[Mark W. Clark]] – Commander of the [[United Nations Command]] (four awards)
*General [[Lucius D. Clay]] – Commanding General European Theater and Military Governor of Germany (three awards)
*General [[J. Lawton Collins]] – US Army Chief of Staff (four awards)
*General [[Bantz J. Craddock]] – Commander US European Command
*General [[Malin Craig]] – US Army Chief of Staff (three awards)
*General [[Martin E. Dempsey]] – Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (six awards)
*General [[Oliver W. Dillard]] – African American infantry officer and combat veteran of the Korean and Vietnam wars (two awards)
*General [[Ann E. Dunwoody]] – First female US Army four-star general [[United States Army Materiel Command]] (two awards)
*General [[John W. Foss]] – Commander Training and Doctrine Command (three awards)
*General [[Tommy Franks]] – Commander US Central Command (two awards)
*General [[John Galvin (general)|John Galvin]] – NATO Supreme Allied Commander Europe
*General [[Alfred Gruenther]] – NATO Supreme Allied Commander Europe (four awards)
*General [[Alexander Haig]] – NATO Supreme Allied Commander Europe
*General [[Carter Ham]] – Commander of [[United States Africa Command]]
*General [[John J. Hennessey]] – Commander [[United States Readiness Command]]
*General [[John L. Hines]] – US Army Chief of Staff
*General [[Harold K. Johnson]] – US Army Chief of Staff (two awards)
*General [[George Joulwan]] – NATO Supreme Allied Commander Europe
*General [[Lyman L. Lemnitzer]] – NATO Supreme Allied Commander Europe (four awards)
*General [[Peyton C. March]] – US Army Chief of Staff
*General [[Edward C. Meyer]] – US Army Chief of Staff
*General [[Mark Milley]] – Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (four awards)
*General [[Lauris Norstad]] – NATO Supreme Allied Commander Europe
*General [[George S. Patton]] – Commander US 3rd Army (three awards)
*General [[David Petraeus]] – Commander International Security Assistance Force (three awards)
*General [[Colin Powell]] – Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (two awards)
*General [[Dennis Reimer]] – US Army Chief of Staff
*General [[Matthew B. Ridgeway]] – US Army Chief of Staff (four awards)
*General [[Bernard W. Rogers]] – NATO Supreme Allied Commander Europe
*General [[Peter Schoomaker]] – US Army Chief of Staff (three awards)
*General [[Norman Schwarzkopf]] – Commander of [[Operation Desert Storm]] (three awards)
*General [[John Shalikashvili]] – Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
*General [[Hugh Shelton]] – Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (three awards)
*General [[Eric Shinseki]] – US Army Chief of Staff (two awards)
*General [[Joseph Stilwell]] – Commander of the [[China Burma India Theater]]
*General [[Maxwell D. Taylor]] – US Army Chief of Staff
*General [[James Van Fleet]] – Commander US 8th Army in Korea
*General [[Jonathan M. Wainwright (general)|Jonathan M. Wainwright]] – Commander Allied Forces Philippines
*General [[Walton Walker]] – Commander US 8th Army in Korea (two awards)
*General [[William Westmoreland]] – US Army Chief of Staff (four awards)
*General [[Earle G. Wheeler]] – Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (two awards)
*Lieutenant General A.C. Roper – Vice Commander, U.S. Element, North American Aerospace Defense Command and Deputy Commander, U.S. Northern Command
*[[Lieutenant general (United States)|Lieutenant General]] [[John B. Coulter]] (three awards)
*Lieutenant General [[Harris W. Hollis]] – Commanding General, 9th and 25th Infantry Divisions in South Vietnam
*Lieutenant General [[Henry E. Emerson]] – Commander XVIII Airborne Corps
*Lieutenant General [[Charles A. Flynn|Charles Flynn]] – 25th Infantry Division
*Lieutenant General [[Mark P. Hertling]] – Commanding General of US Army Europe
*Lieutenant General [[Kenneth W. Hunzeker]]
*Lieutenant General [[John C. H. Lee]] – Commanding General [[Army Service Forces]] Europe WWII
*Lieutenant General [[Hunter Liggett]]
*Lieutenant General [[Edward J. O'Neill (general)|Edward J. O'Neill]] – with 1 bronze oak leaf cluster in lieu of subsequent award of medal
*Lieutenant General [[Ricardo Sanchez]] – Commanding General V Corps (two awards)
*Lieutenant General [[Eric Schoomaker]] – 42nd Surgeon General of the United States Army
*Lieutenant General [[William Wilson Quinn]] – Chevalier of the French Legion of Honor
*Lieutenant General [[Nadja West]] – 44th Surgeon General of the United States Army
*[[Major general (United States)|Major General]] [[Gladeon M. Barnes]] – Chief of Research and Engineering
*Major General [[Chester V. Clifton]] – Military Aide to Presidents Kennedy and Johnson
*Major General [[William E. Cole]] – Commander 351st Field Artillery 1917-18
*Major General [[William J. Donovan]] – founder of the [[Office of Strategic Services]]
*Major General [[James L. Dozier]] – deputy chief of staff at NATO's Southern European land forces
*Major General [[Lawrence J. Fuller]] – deputy director of the [[Defense Intelligence Agency]]
*Major General [[Charles M. Gettys]] – commanding general, 23rd Infantry Division
*Major General [[George W. Goethals]] – engineer of the [[Panama Canal]]
*Major General [[William C. Gorgas]] – Surgeon General of the Army
*Major General [[Patrick J. Hurley]]
*Major General [[Edward Mann Lewis]]
*Major General [[Henry Balding Lewis]]
*Major General [[Robert McGowan Littlejohn]]
*Major General [[Viet Xuan Luong]] – United States Army, Japan
*Major General Franklin Lane McKean - Commander 96th ARCOM, Fort Douglas
*Major General [[Mason M. Patrick]]
*Major General [[Lowell Ward Rooks]] - Commander of the 90th Infantry Division
*Major General [[Maurice Rose]] – commanding general 3rd Armored Division
*Major General [[John K. Singlaub]]
*Major General [[Arthur R. Wilson]]
*Major General [[Cedric T. Wins]]
*[[Brigadier general (United States)|Brigadier General]] [[Sherwood Cheney]] – chief of the Army Transport Service during World War I
*Brigadier General [[Charles G. Dawes]] – Vice President of the United States
*Brigadier General [[Anna Mae Hays]] – chief of the [[United States Army Nurse Corps]] and first female US Army general
*Brigadier General [[Frank T. Hines]] – director of the [[Veterans Administration]]
*Brigadier General [[Howard Knox Ramey]]
*Brigadier General [[Frank Merrill]]
*Brigadier General Greg Parker
*Brigadier General [[Russell W. Volckmann]]
*[[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]] [[Frank Capra]] – movie director (received as a colonel, [[Army of the United States]] in WW II)
*Colinel Laurie Buckhout – political candidate and business executive
*Colonel [[Harvey Williams Cushing]] – neurosurgeon
*Colonel [[Horatio B. Hackett]] – Assistant administrator of the [[Public Works Administration]]; noted architect and businessman; football official and player
*Colonel [[Oveta Culp Hobby]] – director of the [[Women's Army Corps]] during World War II
*Colonel [[Herbert H. Lehman]] – Governor of New York and United States Senator
*Colonel [[Floyd James Thompson]] – The longest-held prisoner of war in American history
*[[Major (United States)|Major]] [[David A. Reed]] – U.S. Senator for Pennsylvania, 1922, for service as a major in World War I
*Major [[Forsyth Wickes]] – socialite, philanthropist and collector
*Chaplain [[Francis P. Duffy]] – chaplain of the "[[69th New York Infantry|Fighting 69th]]"
*Major [[Herbert O. Yardley]] – cryptologist
*[[Sergeant Major of the Army]] [[Daniel A. Dailey]]
*[[Command Sergeant Major]] [[Adam Nash (soldier)|Adam Nash]]
*[[Command Sergeant Major]] [[John P. McDwyer]]
* Sergeant First Class [[Kyle F. Salone Jr.]]

===United States Navy===
*[[Fleet admiral (United States)|Fleet Admiral]] [[Chester W. Nimitz]] – [[Chief of Naval Operations]]
*Fleet Admiral [[William F. Halsey]] – Commander of the [[United States Third Fleet|3rd Fleet]]
*[[Admiral (United States)|Admiral]] [[William S. Benson]] - Chief of Naval Operations
*Admiral [[William J. Crowe, Jr.]] – Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
*Admiral [[William Fechteler]] - Chief of Naval Operations
*Admiral [[Albert Gleaves]] - Commander of the Asiatic Fleet
*Admiral [[Jonathan Greenert]] - Chief of Naval Operations
*Admiral [[Thomas C. Kinkaid]] - Commander Sixteenth Fleet
*Admiral [[William V. Pratt]] - Chief of Naval Operations
*Admiral [[U. S. Grant Sharp Jr.]] - Commander US Pacific Command
*Admiral [[Raymond A. Spruance]] – Commander of the [[United States Fifth Fleet|5th Fleet]] (later Ambassador to the [[Philippines]])
*Admiral [[Harold Rainsford Stark]] - Chief of Naval Operations
*Admiral [[Carlisle Trost]] – Chief of Naval Operations
*Admiral [[Henry B. Wilson]] - Commander of the Atlantic Fleet
*[[Vice admiral (United States)|Vice Admiral]] [[Robert L. Ghormley]]
*Vice Admiral [[Henry Kent Hewitt]] (with oak leaf cluster)
*[[Rear admiral (United States)|Rear Admiral]] [[Hilary P. Jones]]
*Rear Admiral [[Charles P. Plunkett]]

===United States Marine Corps===
*General [[Paul X. Kelley]]
*General [[Vernon E. Megee]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://valor.militarytimes.com/recipient.php?recipientid=42339|title=Valor awards for Vernon E. Megee|website=valor.militarytimes.com}}</ref>
*General [[Peter Pace]] – Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
*Major General [[Graves B. Erskine]]
*Major General [[Smedley Butler]]
*Major General [[John A. Lejeune]]

===United States Air Force===
Note – includes Army Air Service, Army Air Corps and Army Air Forces

*[[General of the Air Force]] [[Hap Arnold]] – commander of the Army Air Forces
*General [[Jimmy Doolittle]]
*General [[Edwin W. Rawlings]]
*General [[Joseph McNarney]]
*General [[Hoyt S. Vandenberg]] – [[Air Force Chief of Staff]] and [[Director of Central Intelligence]]
*General [[George C. Kenney]]
*General [[Curtis Lemay]] – Air Force Chief of Staff
*General [[Carl Spaatz]] – Air Force Chief of Staff
*General [[Michael E. Ryan]]
*Lieutenant General [[Claire Lee Chennault]] (with oak leaf cluster) – Leader of the [[Flying Tigers]]
*Major General [[Billy Mitchell]], USAAC – Military air power prophet
*Brigadier General [[Chuck Yeager]] – Legendary test pilot
*Colonel [[Bernt Balchen]], USAF – Legendary Norwegian-American pilot and arctic explorer.
*Captain [[John Birch (missionary)|John Birch]], USAAF – Missionary, guerilla leader and namesake of the [[John Birch Society]]
*Brigadier General [[Darr H. Alkire]]

===Civilians===
*[[Grace Banker]] – chief telephone operator of mobile for the [[American Expeditionary Forces]]
*[[Bernard Baruch]] – chairman, War Industries Board, 1918
*[[Evangeline Booth]] – General of the [[Salvation Army]]
* Maude Cleveland (Woodworth) – chief of the home communication and casualty service, Red Cross, at Brest, France<ref>{{cite book |title=War Expenditures: Hearings Before Subcommittee No. 3 |date=1920 |publisher=US Government Printing Office |location=Washington, DC |page=2731 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fu4sAAAAYAAJ&dq=Pershing%20Baker%20%22Maude%20Cleveland%22&pg=PA2731 |access-date=24 September 2023}}</ref>
*[[Jacqueline Cochran]] – Aviator and founder of the [[Women Airforce Service Pilots]] (WASPs)
*[[Henry Pomeroy Davison]] – director of the [[American Red Cross]]
*[[Jane Delano]] – Founder of the [[American Red Cross Nursing Service]]
*[[James Forrestal]] – [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]]
*[[Hugh Frayne]] – chairman, labor division of the War Industries Board<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-tribune-hugh-frayne-dies-after/138564870/ |title=Hugh Frayne Dies After Operation in New York |date=1934-07-13 |newspaper=[[The Scranton Times-Tribune|The Scranton Times]] |page=27 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=2024-01-12}}{{Open access}}</ref>
*[[Harry Augustus Garfield]] – U.S. Fuel Administrator
*[[Harry Hopkins]] – Presidential aide
*[[Edward N. Hurley]] – chairman, [[Federal Trade Commission|American Shipping Board]]
*[[Robert McNamara]] – Secretary of Defense
*[[Edwin B. Parker]] – member of the War Industries Board and arbiter with Germany, Austria and Hungary following World War I<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/evening-star-judge-e-b-parker-debt-ex/138641472/ |title=Judge E. B. Parker, Debt Expert, Dies |date=1929-10-30 |newspaper=The Evening Star |page=1 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=2024-01-13}}{{Open access}}</ref>
*[[Hannah J. Patterson]] – resident director of the Women's Committee of the [[Council of National Defense]]
*[[Anna Howard Shaw]] – head of the Women's Committee of the Council of National Defense
*[[Edward R. Stettinius]] – director general of purchases for the War Department
*[[John F. Stevens]] – Engineer of the [[Panama Canal]] and the [[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)|Great Northern Railway]]
*[[Henry L. Stimson]] – Secretary of War

===Foreigners===
*[[Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby]], General (later Field Marshal), British Army
*[[Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby]], General (later Field Marshal), British Army
*HM [[Albert I of Belgium|Albert I]], [[King of Belgians]]
*[[Pietro Badoglio]], General, Italian Army
*[[William Birdwood, 1st Baron Birdwood]], General, British Army
*[[Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke]], field marshal, British Army
*[[Chiang Kai-shek]], General, Chinese Army
*[[Pietro Badoglio]], general, Italian Army
*[[William Birdwood, 1st Baron Birdwood]], general, British Indian Army (during secondment to Australian Army, later promoted to Field Marshal)
*[[Winston Churchill]], British Minister of Munitions (later Prime Minister)
*[[Harry Crerar]], Lieutenant General, Canadian Army
*[[Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy]], General (later Field Marshal), British Army
*Sir [[Winston Churchill]] KG, OM, PC, CH, FRS – British Minister of Munitions (later Prime Minister)
*[[Andrew Browne Cunningham|Andrew B. Cunningham]], Admiral, Royal Navy
*[[Miles Dempsey]], Lieutenant General, British Army
*[[Harry Crerar]], lieutenant general, Canadian Army
*[[Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope]], Admiral of the Fleet, Royal Navy
*[[John Dill]], Field Marshal, British Army
*[[Francis de Guingand|Freddie De Guingand]], Major General, British Army
*Sir [[Arthur Currie]], lieutenant general, British Army, commanding Canadian Corps
*[[Georges de Bazelaire]], major general, VII Army Corps of the French Army during World War I
*[[Arthur Travers Harris|Arthur T. Harris]], Air Chief Marshal, Royal Air Force (later a [[Marshal of the Royal Air Force]])
*Sir [[Francis de Guingand]], major general, British Army
*[[Alphonse Juin]], General, French Army (later a [[Marshal of France]])
*[[Jean de Lattre de Tassigny]], general, French Army (later a [[Marshal of France]])
*[[John Monash]], General, Australian Army
*[[Bernard Montgomery|Bernard L. Montgomery]], Field Marshal, British Army
*Sir [[Miles Dempsey]], general, British Army
*[[Frederick E. Morgan]], Lieutenant General, British Army
*Sir [[John Dill]], field marshal, British Army
*[[Ferdinand Foch]], Marshal of France, French Army
*[[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Louis Mountbatten]], Admiral, Royal Navy (later [[Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)|Admiral of the Fleet]])
*[[Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig]], field marshal, British Army
*[[Charles Portal|Charles F.A. Portal]], [[Marshal of the Royal Air Force]]
*[[Arthur Tedder]], Air Chief Marshal, Royal Air Force (later [[Marshal of the Royal Air Force]])
*[[Arthur Travers Harris|Arthur T. Harris]], air chief marshal, Royal Air Force (later a [[Marshal of the Royal Air Force]])
*[[Chiang Kai-shek]], general, Chinese Army
*[[Jean de Lattre de Tassigny]], General, French Army (later a [[Marshal of France]])
*[[Mariano Goybet]], general, French Army
{{expand list}}
*[[Charles Mangin]], general, French Army
*[[Paul Maistre]], general, French Army
*Sir [[Richard McCreery]], general, British Army
*Lord [[Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner|Alfred Milner]], British Secretary of State for War
*[[Živojin Mišić]], field marshal, Serbian Army
*Sir [[John Monash]], general, Australian Army
*[[Bernard Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein]], field marshal, British Army
*Sir [[Frederick E. Morgan]], lieutenant general, British Army
*[[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma]], admiral, Royal Navy (later [[Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)|Admiral of the Fleet]])
*[[Henri Petain]], Marshal of France, French Army
*[[Alexander Pokryshkin]], Marshal of the Soviet Air Force
*[[Charles Portal, 1st Viscount Portal of Hungerford]], [[Marshal of the Royal Air Force]]
*[[Sir William Robertson, 1st Baronet]], field marshal, British Army
*[[Frederick Sykes]], [[Chief of the Air Staff (United Kingdom)]]
*[[Arthur Tedder, 1st Baron Tedder]], air chief marshal, Royal Air Force (later [[Marshal of the Royal Air Force]])
*[[Sir Henry Worth Thornton]], major general, British Army (American-born)
*[[Gerald Trotter]], brigadier-general, British Army
*[[Sir Thomas Montgomery-Cuninghame, 10th Baronet]] of Corsehill, brevet lieutenant colonel, military attache, British Army<ref>{{cite news |title=The Gazette |work=The Edinburgh Gazette |date =18 July 1919 |access-date=19 June 2014 |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/Edinburgh/issue/13475/page/2427| publisher = [[The Edinburgh Gazette]]}}</ref>
*[[Maxime Weygand]], general, French Army
*[[Harold St. John Loyd Winterbotham]], British


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Navy Distinguished Service Medal]]
*[[Air Force Distinguished Service Medal]]
*[[Awards and decorations of the United States military]]
*[[Awards and decorations of the United States military]]
*[[Awards and decorations of the United States Army]]
*[[Awards and decorations of the United States Army]]
*[[Air Force Distinguished Service Medal]]
*[[List of military decorations]]
*[[Coast and Geodetic Survey Distinguished Service Medal]]
*[[Merchant Marine Distinguished Service Medal]]
*[[Navy Distinguished Service Medal]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
Major General Franklin L McKean - https://ocsalumni.org/at_biz_dir/franklin-l-mckean/


==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|Distinguished Service Medal (United States Army)}}
*[http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Awards/DISTINGUISHED%20SERVICE%20MEDAL1.htm US Army Institute of Heraldry: Distinguished Service Medal]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20030225195443/http://www.army.mil/usapa/epubs/xml_pubs/r600_8_22/cover.xml Department of the Army Regulation 600-8-22; Military Awards; 2006-12-11; Effective date: 2007-01-11.]
*[http://www.gruntsmilitary.com/dsm.shtml Distinguished Service Medal - Criteria, Background, and Images]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20021018135824/http://www.army.mil/usapa/epubs/xml_pubs/r670_1/cover.xml Department of the Army Regulation 670-1; Wear and Appearance of Army Uniforms and Insignia; 2005-02-03; Effective date: 2005-03-03.]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061029030422/http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Awards/DISTINGUISHED%20SERVICE%20MEDAL1.htm US Army Institute of Heraldry: Distinguished Service Medal]
*[http://www.gruntsmilitary.com/dsm.shtml Distinguished Service Medal - Criteria, Background, and Images] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071216150455/http://www.gruntsmilitary.com/dsm.shtml |date=2007-12-16 }}
*[http://www.ncohistory.com/history/noteworthy.html Noteworthy NCOs]
*[https://archive.org/details/congressionalmed00unitrich/page/n7/mode/2up?view=theater ''Congressional Medal of Honor, Distinguished Service Cross, and Distinguished Service Medal Issued by The War Department''] 1919


{{USArmy decorations}}
[[Category:United States Army awards]]
[[Category:Recipients of Distinguished Service Medal|*]]
[[Category:Recipients of Distinguished Service Medal]]


[[Category:Awards and decorations of the United States Army]]
[[ca:Medalla del Servei Distingit a l'Exèrcit]]
[[fr:Distinguished Service Medal (États-Unis d'Amérique)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)|*]]
[[Category:Awards established in 1918]]
[[no:Distinguished Service Medal]]

Latest revision as of 01:27, 11 July 2024

U.S. Army Distinguished Service Medal
TypeDistinguished service medal
Awarded forDistinguished themself by exceptionally meritorious service to the Government in a duty of great responsibility.
Presented byUnited States Department of the Army[1]
EligibilityUnited States Army soldiers
StatusCurrently awarded
EstablishedJanuary 2, 1918
First awardedJanuary 12, 1918
Service ribbon
Precedence
Next (higher)Department of Defense: Defense Distinguished Service Medal
Department of Homeland Security: Homeland Security Distinguished Service Medal
EquivalentNaval Service: Navy Distinguished Service Medal
Air and Space Forces: Air Force Distinguished Service Medal
Coast Guard: Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal
Public Health Service: Public Health Service Distinguished Service Medal
Next (lower)Silver Star Medal

The Distinguished Service Medal (DSM)[2] is a military decoration of the United States Army that is presented to soldiers who have distinguished themselves by exceptionally meritorious service to the government in a duty of great responsibility. The performance must be such as to merit recognition for service that is clearly exceptional. The exceptional performance of normal duty will not alone justify an award of this decoration.

The Army's Distinguished Service Medal is equivalent to the Naval Service's Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Air and Space Forces' Distinguished Service Medal, and the Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal. Prior to the creation of the Air Force's Distinguished Service Medal in 1960, United States Air Force airmen were awarded the Army's Distinguished Service Medal.

Description

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  • The coat of arms of the United States in Gold surrounded by a circle of Dark Blue enamel, 1 ½ inches in diameter, bearing the inscription "FOR DISTINGUISHED SERVICE MCMXVIII".
  • On the reverse is a scroll for the name of the recipient (which is to be engraved) upon a trophy of flags and weapons. The medal is suspended by a bar attached to the ribbon.[3]

Ribbon

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  • The ribbon is 1+3⁄8 inches (35 mm) wide and consists of the following stripes:
  1. 5⁄16 inch (7.9 mm) Scarlet 67111;
  2. 1⁄16 inch (1.6 mm) Ultramarine Blue 67118;
  3. 5⁄8 inch (16 mm) White 67101;
  4. 1⁄16 inch (1.6 mm) Ultramarine Blue;
  5. 5⁄16 inch (7.9 mm) Scarlet.
  • Additional awards of the Distinguished Service Medal are denoted by oak leaf clusters.

Criteria

[edit]

The Distinguished Service Medal is awarded to any person who, while serving in any capacity with the United States Army, has distinguished themselves by exceptionally meritorious service to the Government in a duty of great responsibility.

The performance must be such as to merit recognition for service which is clearly exceptional. Exceptional performance of normal duty will not alone justify an award of this decoration. For service not related to actual war, the term "duty of a great responsibility" applies to a narrower range of positions than in time of war and requires evidence of a conspicuously significant achievement. However, justification of the award may accrue by virtue of exceptionally meritorious service in a succession of high positions of great importance. Awards may be made to persons other than members of the Armed Forces of the United States for wartime services only, and only then under exceptional circumstances with the express approval of the president in each case.[4]

Components

[edit]
  • The following are authorized components of the Distinguished Service Medal and applicable specifications:
  1. Decoration (regular size): MIL-D-3943/7.
    1. NSN for decoration set: 8455-00-444-0007.
    2. NSN for replacement medal is 8455-00-246-3830.
  2. Decoration (miniature size): MIL-D-3943/7. NSN 8455-00-996-5008.
  3. Ribbon: MIL-R-11589/52. NSN 8455-00-252-9922.
  4. Lapel Button (metal replica of ribbon bar): MIL-L-11484/4. NSN 8455-00-253-0809.

History of the Distinguished Service Medal

[edit]

The Distinguished Service Medal was authorized by Presidential Order dated January 2, 1918, and confirmed by Congress on July 9, 1918. It was announced by War Department General Order No. 6, 1918-01-12, with the following information concerning the medal: "A bronze medal of appropriate design and a ribbon to be worn in lieu thereof, to be awarded by the President to any person who, while serving in any capacity with the Army shall hereafter distinguish himself or herself, or who, since 04-06-1917, has distinguished himself or herself by exceptionally meritorious service to the Government in a duty of great responsibility in time of war or in connection with military operations against an armed enemy of the United States." The Act of Congress on July 9, 1918, recognized the need for different types and degrees of heroism and meritorious service and included such provisions for award criteria. The current statutory authorization for the Distinguished Service Medal is Title 10, United States Code, Section 3743.[5]

Recipients

[edit]
See also: Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States)
  • Among the first awards of the Distinguished Service Medal for service in World War I, were those to the Commanding Officers of the Allied Armies:
  1. Marshal Ferdinand Foch
  2. Marshal Joseph Joffre
  3. General Philippe Petain of France
  4. General Louis Franchet d'Espèrey of France
  5. General Sir Arthur Currie of Canada
  6. General Sir John Monash of Australia
  7. Field Marshal Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig of Britain
  8. General Armando Diaz of Italy
  9. General Cyriaque Gillain of Belgium
  10. General John Joseph Pershing of the United States
  11. Field Marshal Živojin Mišić of Serbia

More than 2,000 awards were made during World War I, and by the time the United States entered World War II, approximately 2,800 awards had been made. From July 1, 1941, to June 6, 1969, when the Department of the Army stopped publishing awards of the DSM in Department of the Army General Orders, over 2,800 further awards were made.[6]

Prior to World War II the DSM was the only decoration for non-combat service in the U.S. Army. As a result, before World War II the DSM was awarded to a wider range of recipients than during and after World War II. During World War I awards of the DSM to officers below the rank of brigadier general were fairly common but became rare once the Legion of Merit was established in 1942.

Until the first award of the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal in 1965, United States Air Force personnel received this award as well, as was the case with several other Department of the Army decorations until the Department of the Air Force fully established its own system of decorations.

Notable recipients

[edit]

Because the Army Distinguished Service Medal is principally awarded to general officers, a list of notable recipients would include nearly every general, and some admirals, since 1918, many of whom received multiple awards, as well as a few civilians and sergeants major prominent for their contributions to national defense.

General Martin Dempsey, former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, holds the record for receiving the greatest number of awards of the Army Distinguished Service Medal, at six. He also received three awards of the Defense Distinguished Service Medal as well as one award each of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal, and the Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal, for a total of twelve Distinguished Service Medals.

Generals of the Army Douglas MacArthur and Dwight Eisenhower are tied with five awards each received of the Army Distinguished Service Medal. They also each received one award of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, for a total of six DSMs each.

General Lucius D. Clay (Four Star) received three Army DSM awards for his service that included Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces (European Theater) and Military Governor of Germany. During his tenure, Gen. Clay solved his greatest challenge: the Soviet Blockade of Berlin, which was imposed in June 1948. Gen. Clay triggered the Berlin Airlift, which served the city residents during the harsh winter of 1948–1949. He is also a recipient of the Legion of Merit.

General Norman Schwarzkopf received two awards of the Army DSM and one award each of the Defense DSM, Navy DSM, the Air Force DSM and the Coast Guard DSM, for a total of six DSMs.

General Lloyd Austin received four awards of the Army DSM and five awards of the Defense DSM for a total of nine DSMs.

Among notable recipients below flag rank are: X-1 test pilot Chuck Yeager and X-15 test pilot Robert M. White, who both received the DSM as U.S. Air Force majors; Air Force Major Rudolf Anderson, the U-2 pilot shot down during the Cuban Missile Crisis; director Frank Capra, decorated in 1945 as an army colonel; actor James Stewart, decorated in 1945 as an Army Air Forces colonel (later Air Force Brigadier General); Colonel Wendell Fertig, who led Filipino guerrillas behind Japanese lines; Colonel (later Major General) John K. Singlaub, who led partisan forces in the Korean War; and Major Maude C. Davison, who led the "Angels of Bataan and Corregidor" during their imprisonment by the Japanese, and Colonel William S. Taylor, Program Manager Multiple Launch Rocket System. Among notable civilian recipients are Harry L. Hopkins, Robert S. McNamara and Henry L. Stimson.

Notable American and foreign recipients include:

United States Army

[edit]

United States Navy

[edit]

United States Marine Corps

[edit]

United States Air Force

[edit]

Note – includes Army Air Service, Army Air Corps and Army Air Forces

Civilians

[edit]

Foreigners

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 11, 2018. Retrieved January 10, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. ^ "ASSIST-QuickSearch Document Details". quicksearch.dla.mil.
  3. ^ "Distinguished Service Medal (Army) Heraldry". United States Army Institute of Heraldry. Archived from the original on September 16, 2023. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
  4. ^ "Distinguished Service Medal". edocket.access.gpo.gov.
  5. ^ 10 U.S.C. § 3743
  6. ^ George H. Apgar (1995), Awards of the US Army Distinguished Service Medal 1942-1969, Planchet Press
  7. ^ "Valor awards for Vernon E. Megee". valor.militarytimes.com.
  8. ^ War Expenditures: Hearings Before Subcommittee No. 3. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. 1920. p. 2731. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
  9. ^ "Hugh Frayne Dies After Operation in New York". The Scranton Times. July 13, 1934. p. 27. Retrieved January 12, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.Open access icon
  10. ^ "Judge E. B. Parker, Debt Expert, Dies". The Evening Star. October 30, 1929. p. 1. Retrieved January 13, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.Open access icon
  11. ^ "The Gazette". The Edinburgh Gazette. The Edinburgh Gazette. July 18, 1919. Retrieved June 19, 2014.

Major General Franklin L McKean - https://ocsalumni.org/at_biz_dir/franklin-l-mckean/

[edit]
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