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{{Infobox airline
⚫
[[Image:Logoname-golden-west-airlines-1980s.png|right]]
| airline=Golden West Airlines
⚫
'''Golden West Airlines''' {{Airline codes|GW|GWA|Golden West}} was a [[regional airline|commuter airline]] that operated flights on a heavy schedule in [[California]]. It ceased operations in 1983.
⚫
| image=Logoname-golden-west-airlines-1980s.png
| caption=Golden West Airlines logo
| IATA=GW
| ICAO=GWA
| callsign=Golden West
| founded= <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}}<br />[[City]], [[State/Province]], [[Country]] -->
| commenced=1967
| ceased=April 1983
| bases= <!-- {{plainlist|*[[Airport Name1]] }} -->
| fleet_size=[[de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter]]; [[HFB 320 Hansa Jet]]; [[Short 330]]; [[de Havilland Canada DHC-7 Dash 7]]
| destinations=See below
| headquarters=[[Long Beach, California]], United States
}}

[[File:DHC-6 N63128 G.West LAX 17.10.70 edited-3.jpg|thumb|upright=1.14|Golden West [[de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter]] at Los Angeles International Airport in 1970]]
[[File:De Havilland Canada DHC-7 Dash 7.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Golden West Airlines de Havilland Canada DHC-7 Dash 7, 1981]]
[[File:Short 330.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Golden West Airlines Short 330, 1982]]
⚫
'''Golden West Airlines''' {{Airline codes|GW|GWA|Golden West}} was a [[regional airline|commuter airline]] that operated flights on a high volume schedule in [[California]]. It ceased operations in 1983.


== History ==
== History ==
The original Golden West Airlines, headquartered at [[Van Nuys, California]], was founded in 1968 and operated out of Terminal 4 at [[Los Angeles International Airport]] with a fleet of [[De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter]] and [[HFB-320 Hansa Jet]] aircraft, serving [[Pomona, California|Pomona]], [[Riverside, California|Riverside]], [[Santa Ana, California|Santa Ana]], and [[Ventura, California|Ventura]]. This airline ceased operations on March 11, 1969.
The original Golden West Airlines, headquartered at [[Van Nuys, California]], was founded in 1968 and operated out of Terminal 4 at [[Los Angeles International Airport]] with a fleet of [[de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter]] [[STOL]] capable turboprops and at least one [[HFB 320 Hansa Jet]] aircraft, serving [[Pomona, California|Pomona]], [[Riverside, California|Riverside]], [[Santa Ana, California|Santa Ana]], and [[Ventura, California|Ventura]]. This airline ceased operations on March 11, 1969.


'''Aero Commuter''', founded in December 1967 and based in [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]], operated flights between Long Beach, [[Los Angeles International Airport]], [[Avalon, California|Avalon]], [[Burbank, California|Burbank]], and [[Fullerton, California|Fullerton]]. It also took over [[Catalina Airlines]] (which had been founded in 1953 as Avalon Air Transport). By 1968 service had expanded to include [[Apple Valley, California|Apple Valley]], [[Bakersfield, California|Bakersfield]], [[El Monte, California|El Monte]], [[Ontario, California|Ontario]], [[Oceanside, California|Oceanside]], [[Palm Springs, California|Palm Springs]], [[Palmdale, California|Palmdale]], [[San Diego, California|San Diego]], and [[Santa Ana, California|Santa Ana]]. In 1969, it merged with [[Skymark Airlines (Sacramento)]] (a [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]]-based charter and commuter airline founded in February of 1968) and [[Cable Commuter Airlines]] (an [[Upland, California|Upland]] general aviation concern that had entered the commuter business in 1968, serving LAX, Burbank, [[Colton, California|Colton]], El Monte, [[Inyokern, California|Inyokern]], [[Lake Havasu, Arizona|Lake Havasu]], Ontario, Palm Springs, Palmdale, Santa Ana, Santa Barbara, [[Santa Maria, California|Santa Maria]], and Ventura. Upon the demise of Golden West Airlines (above) in early 1969, Aero Commuter acquired several assets from Golden West, including its name.
'''Aero Commuter''', founded in December 1967 and based in [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]], operated flights between Long Beach, [[Los Angeles International Airport]] ([[LAX]]), [[Avalon, California|Avalon]], [[Burbank, California|Burbank]], and [[Fullerton, California|Fullerton]]. Aero Commuter operated [[de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter]] [[STOL]] capable aircraft. It also acquired Catalina Air Lines which had been founded in 1953 as '''Avalon Air Transport'''. By 1968 service had expanded to include [[Apple Valley, California|Apple Valley]], [[Bakersfield, California|Bakersfield]], [[El Monte, California|El Monte]], [[Ontario, California|Ontario]], [[Oceanside, California|Oceanside]], [[Palm Springs, California|Palm Springs]], [[Palmdale, California|Palmdale]], [[San Diego, California|San Diego]], and [[Santa Ana, California|Santa Ana]]. In 1969, it merged with '''Skymark Airlines''' (a [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]]-based charter and commuter airline founded in February 1968 that also operated the DHC-6 Twin Otter) and '''Cable Commuter Airlines''' (an [[Upland, California|Upland]] general aviation concern based at [[Cable Airport]] that had entered the scheduled commuter airline business in 1968 via a hub at [[Los Angeles International Airport]] ([[LAX]]) with flights to such southern California destinations to Burbank, [[Colton, California|Colton]], [[Inyokern]], Ontario, [[Oxnard]], Palmdale, Palm Springs, Santa Ana ([[Orange County Airport]]), [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]] and [[Santa Maria, California|Santa Maria]] as well as service to [[Lake Havasu City]] in [[Arizona]] with all flights operated with DHC-6 Twin Otter aircraft).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Airline Timetable Images |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=www.timetableimages.com}}</ref> Upon the demise of the original Golden West Airlines (see above) in early 1969, Aero Commuter acquired several assets from Golden West, including its name. Golden West also briefly operated jet service with the [[HFB 320 Hansa Jet]], a West German manufactured business jet configured with ten passenger seats which the airline flew in scheduled service from Burbank Airport (BUR, now [[Bob Hope Airport]]) to Santa Barbara (SBA) and Palm Springs (PSP) in 1969.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jon Proctor » LAX Through the Years |url=https://jonproctor.net/lax-through-the-years/ |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=jonproctor.net}}</ref>


As '''Golden West Airlines''' it continued to expand aggressively through the 1970s, adding service to [[San Francisco International Airport|San Francisco]] (SFO), [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], [[Bakersfield, California|Bakersfield]], [[Fresno, California|Fresno]], [[Oxnard, California|Oxnard]], [[Santa Rosa, California|Santa Rosa]], [[Merced, California|Merced]], [[Modesto, California|Modesto]], [[Monterey, California|Monterey]], [[San Jose, California|San Jose]], [[Stockton, California|Stockton]] and other smaller airports—many of which no longer have commercial service—such as [[Van Nuys Airport]], [[Fullerton Municipal Airport]], and the [[Catalina Airport|Airport in the Sky]] on [[Santa Catalina Island, California|Santa Catalina Island]]. In 1971 it attempted to acquire [[Los Angeles Airways]], a local helicopter commuter line, but the deal fell through.
As '''Golden West Airlines''' it continued to expand aggressively through the 1970s, adding service to [[San Francisco International Airport|San Francisco]] (SFO), [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], [[Bakersfield, California|Bakersfield]], [[Fresno, California|Fresno]], [[Oxnard, California|Oxnard]], [[Santa Rosa, California|Santa Rosa]], [[Merced, California|Merced]], [[Modesto, California|Modesto]], [[Monterey, California|Monterey]], [[San Jose, California|San Jose]], [[Stockton, California|Stockton]] and other smaller airports—many of which no longer have commercial service—such as [[Van Nuys Airport]], [[Fullerton Municipal Airport]], and the [[Catalina Airport|Airport in the Sky]] on [[Santa Catalina Island, California|Santa Catalina Island]]. In 1971 it attempted to acquire [[Los Angeles Airways]], a local helicopter commuter airline, but the deal fell through. Golden West did acquire Catalina Air Lines, a seaplane operator that served [[Santa Catalina Island, California|Catalina Island]] off the coast of southern California with the [[Grumman G-21 Goose]]. These Grumman [[amphibious aircraft]] were operated as '''[[Catalina Golden West]]''' which was a division of Golden West.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Airliners.net {{!}} Aviation Photography, Discussion Forums & News |url=https://www.airliners.net/ |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=Airliners.net}}</ref>


Because of California's growth and tourist appeal, Golden West was able to become partners with several domestic and international airlines; by 1975, these included [[Aer Lingus]], [[Aerolíneas Argentinas]], [[Aeroméxico]], [[American Airlines|American]], [[Delta Air Lines|Delta]], [[Eastern Air Lines|Eastern]], [[Japan Airlines]], [[Trans World Airlines]] and many others.
Because of California's growth and tourist appeal, Golden West was able to become an [[interlining|interline]] partner with a number of domestic and international airlines. According to the January 1, 1973 Golden West system timetable, these airlines included [[Aer Lingus]], [[Aerolíneas Argentinas]], [[Aeroméxico]], [[Air Canada]], [[Air France]], [[Alaska Airlines]], [[Allegheny Airlines]], [[Aloha Airlines]], [[American Airlines|American]], [[Braniff International]], [[Continental Airlines]], [[Delta Air Lines|Delta]], [[Eastern Air Lines|Eastern]], [[Finnair]], [[Frontier Airlines]], [[Hawaiian Airlines]], [[Hughes Airwest]], [[Japan Airlines]] (JAL), [[Lufthansa]], [[National Airlines (1934–1980)|National Airlines]], [[Northeast Airlines]], [[Ozark Air Lines]], [[Pan American World Airways]] ([[Pan Am]]), [[Piedmont Airlines]], [[Scandinavian Airline System]] (SAS), [[Southern Airways]], [[Trans World Airlines]] ([[TWA]]), [[United Airlines]], [[Western Airlines]], [[Wien Air Alaska]] and other air carriers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Airline Timetable Images |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=www.timetableimages.com}}</ref>


By the early 1980s, Golden West was the largest commuter airline in [[California]], with a heavy schedule from LAX to SBA and San Diego. Its fleet had grown to include larger aircraft, the [[Shorts 330]] and [[De Havilland Canada Dash 7]]. A huge debt service, among other factors, drove Golden West Airlines out of business in April of 1983.<ref>http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9501E5DF1438F930A15757C0A965948260</ref>
By the early 1980s, Golden West was the largest commuter airline in [[California]] operating a high frequency shuttle schedule between LAX and Santa Barbara and San Diego. In 1981, Golden West was the only air carrier flying nonstop between Santa Barbara and LAX with up to fourteen round trip flights a day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=index |url=http://www.departedflights.com/ |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=www.departedflights.com}}</ref> Its fleet had grown to include larger aircraft such as the [[Short 330]] and [[de Havilland Canada DHC-7 Dash 7]]. The 50-passenger seat Dash 7 was the largest aircraft ever operated by the airline. A huge debt service, among other factors, drove Golden West Airlines out of business in April 1983.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html|title=Golden West Air Ends Operations|date=23 April 1983|publisher=|accessdate=24 April 2017|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref>

In 2000, Pinnacle Air Charter, Inc. acquired the Air Carrier Certificate for Golden West Airlines. It ultimately operated again, under the DBA of Pinnacle Air Charter, and later, Platinum Air Charter, Inc., conducting on-demand air charter and air ambulance operations under FAR Part 135. Its base of operations was located at Pomona's [[Brackett Field]], and conducted flight operations primarily out of [[San Bernardino International Airport]]. It suspended operations and closed in 2007.


== Fleet ==
== Fleet ==
[[File:MBB HFB-320 Hansa-Jet, Golden West Airlines JP6987380.jpg|thumb|Golden West Airlines MBB HFB-320 Hansa-Jet at the Burbank Airport (BUR)]]
⚫
The Golden West fleet consisted of the following aircraft models and quantities.


* 4 – [[Beechcraft Model 99 Airliner]]
⚫
The Golden West fleet consisted of:
⚫
* 27 – [[de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter]]
⚫
* 5 – [[de Havilland Canada DHC-7 Dash 7]]
* 1 – [[Grumman G-21 Goose]] (''amphibious aircraft that were formerly operated by Catalina Air Lines which'' ''was'' ''acquired by Golden West'')
* 1 − [[HFB 320 Hansa Jet]]
⚫
* 5 − [[Short 330]]


== Destinations in 1982 ==
⚫
*[[De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter|DHC-6 Twin Otter]],

⚫
*[[De Havilland Canada Dash 7]]
The July 1, 1982, Golden West timetable map includes:<ref>{{Cite web |title=index |url=http://www.departedflights.com/ |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=www.departedflights.com}}</ref>
⚫
*[[Shorts 330]]

* Bakersfield (BFL)
* Fresno (FAT)
* Lake Tahoe (TVL)
* Los Angeles ([[LAX]])
* Monterey (MRY)
* Ontario (ONT)
* Orange County (SNA, now [[John Wayne Airport]])
* Oxnard (OXR)
* San Diego (SAN)
* San Francisco ([[SFO]])
* Santa Barbara (SBA)

== Former destinations ==

Before 1982, Golden West served the following destinations in California at various times:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Airline Timetable Images |url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=www.timetableimages.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=index |url=http://www.departedflights.com/ |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=www.departedflights.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=AirTimes - A Source for Airline History |url=http://www.airtimes.com/ |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=www.airtimes.com}}</ref>

* Avalon Harbor Seaplane Base, Catalina Island (served by Golden West division Catalina Air Lines with [[Grumman Goose]] seaplanes)
* [[Catalina Airport]] (AVX) (also known as Airport in the Sky)
* [[Edwards Air Force Base]]
* [[Fullerton Airport]]
* [[Inyokern]]
* [[Long Beach Airport]] (served by Golden West with DHC-6 Twin Otters and by Golden West division Catalina Air Lines with [[Grumman Goose]] seaplanes)
* [[McClellan-Palomar Airport]]
* Merced
* Modesto
* [[Mojave Airport]]
* Oakland
* [[Palmdale Regional Airport|Palmdale Airport]]
* Palm Springs
* Pomona (POC)
* [[Redlands Airport]]
* Riverside
* Sacramento
* San Jose
* Santa Rosa
* Stockton
* Tehachapi
* Trona
* Two Harbors Seaplane Base, Catalina Island (served by Golden West division Catalina Air Lines with [[Grumman Goose]] seaplanes)
* [[Vandenberg Air Force Base]]


==Incidents and accidents==
==Incidents and accidents==


On January 9, 1975, '''[[Golden West Airlines Flight 261]]''', a [[De Havilland Twin Otter]], collided with a [[Cessna 150]] over Whittier, California, killing totally 14 people in both aircraft (all 12 aboard the Golden West plane and the 2 occupants of the Cessna).
On January 9, 1975, '''[[Golden West Airlines Flight 261]]''', a [[de Havilland Twin Otter]], collided with a [[Cessna 150]] over Whittier, California, killing 14 people in both aircraft (all 12 aboard the Golden West plane and the 2 occupants of the Cessna).


==CIA Front==
Golden West Airlines is an alleged front company for the [[CIA]].<ref>http://www.jar2.com/2/Intel/CIA/CIA%20Fronts.htm</ref>
==Sources==
==Sources==


* R.E.G. Davies and I.E. Quastler, ''Commuter Airlines of the United States'' (Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995), ISBN 1-56098-404-X
* R.E.G. Davies and I.E. Quastler, ''Commuter Airlines of the United States'' (Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995), {{ISBN|1-56098-404-X}}


==References==
== See also ==
* [[List of defunct airlines of the United States]]
⚫
{{Reflist}}


==References==
⚫
{{Reflist|30em}}


{{Airlines of the United States}}
{{Portalbar|United States|California|Companies|Aviation}}
{{Airlines of the United States|state=collapsed}}


[[Category:Golden West Airlines| ]]
[[Category:Defunct airlines of the United States]]
[[Category:Defunct airlines of the United States]]
[[Category:Airlines disestablished in 1984]]
[[Category:Companies based in Long Beach, California]]
[[Category:Airlines established in 1967]]
[[Category:Airlines disestablished in 1983]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in California]]
[[Category:1984 disestablishments in California]]
[[Category:American companies established in 1967]]
[[Category:Defunct seaplane operators]]
[[Category:Airlines based in California]]

Latest revision as of 21:07, 9 July 2024

Golden West Airlines
Golden West Airlines logo
IATA ICAO Callsign
GW GWA Golden West
Commenced operations1967
Ceased operationsApril 1983
Fleet sizede Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter; HFB 320 Hansa Jet; Short 330; de Havilland Canada DHC-7 Dash 7
DestinationsSee below
HauptsitzLong Beach, California, United States
Golden West de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter at Los Angeles International Airport in 1970
Golden West Airlines de Havilland Canada DHC-7 Dash 7, 1981
Golden West Airlines Short 330, 1982

Golden West Airlines (IATA: GW, ICAO: GWA, call sign: Golden West) was a commuter airline that operated flights on a high volume schedule in California. It ceased operations in 1983.

History

[edit]

The original Golden West Airlines, headquartered at Van Nuys, California, was founded in 1968 and operated out of Terminal 4 at Los Angeles International Airport with a fleet of de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter STOL capable turboprops and at least one HFB 320 Hansa Jet aircraft, serving Pomona, Riverside, Santa Ana, and Ventura. This airline ceased operations on March 11, 1969.

Aero Commuter, founded in December 1967 and based in Long Beach, operated flights between Long Beach, Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), Avalon, Burbank, and Fullerton. Aero Commuter operated de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter STOL capable aircraft. It also acquired Catalina Air Lines which had been founded in 1953 as Avalon Air Transport. By 1968 service had expanded to include Apple Valley, Bakersfield, El Monte, Ontario, Oceanside, Palm Springs, Palmdale, San Diego, and Santa Ana. In 1969, it merged with Skymark Airlines (a Sacramento-based charter and commuter airline founded in February 1968 that also operated the DHC-6 Twin Otter) and Cable Commuter Airlines (an Upland general aviation concern based at Cable Airport that had entered the scheduled commuter airline business in 1968 via a hub at Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) with flights to such southern California destinations to Burbank, Colton, Inyokern, Ontario, Oxnard, Palmdale, Palm Springs, Santa Ana (Orange County Airport), Santa Barbara and Santa Maria as well as service to Lake Havasu City in Arizona with all flights operated with DHC-6 Twin Otter aircraft).[1] Upon the demise of the original Golden West Airlines (see above) in early 1969, Aero Commuter acquired several assets from Golden West, including its name. Golden West also briefly operated jet service with the HFB 320 Hansa Jet, a West German manufactured business jet configured with ten passenger seats which the airline flew in scheduled service from Burbank Airport (BUR, now Bob Hope Airport) to Santa Barbara (SBA) and Palm Springs (PSP) in 1969.[2]

As Golden West Airlines it continued to expand aggressively through the 1970s, adding service to San Francisco (SFO), Oakland, Bakersfield, Fresno, Oxnard, Santa Rosa, Merced, Modesto, Monterey, San Jose, Stockton and other smaller airports—many of which no longer have commercial service—such as Van Nuys Airport, Fullerton Municipal Airport, and the Airport in the Sky on Santa Catalina Island. In 1971 it attempted to acquire Los Angeles Airways, a local helicopter commuter airline, but the deal fell through. Golden West did acquire Catalina Air Lines, a seaplane operator that served Catalina Island off the coast of southern California with the Grumman G-21 Goose. These Grumman amphibious aircraft were operated as Catalina Golden West which was a division of Golden West.[3]

Because of California's growth and tourist appeal, Golden West was able to become an interline partner with a number of domestic and international airlines. According to the January 1, 1973 Golden West system timetable, these airlines included Aer Lingus, Aerolíneas Argentinas, Aeroméxico, Air Canada, Air France, Alaska Airlines, Allegheny Airlines, Aloha Airlines, American, Braniff International, Continental Airlines, Delta, Eastern, Finnair, Frontier Airlines, Hawaiian Airlines, Hughes Airwest, Japan Airlines (JAL), Lufthansa, National Airlines, Northeast Airlines, Ozark Air Lines, Pan American World Airways (Pan Am), Piedmont Airlines, Scandinavian Airline System (SAS), Southern Airways, Trans World Airlines (TWA), United Airlines, Western Airlines, Wien Air Alaska and other air carriers.[4]

By the early 1980s, Golden West was the largest commuter airline in California operating a high frequency shuttle schedule between LAX and Santa Barbara and San Diego. In 1981, Golden West was the only air carrier flying nonstop between Santa Barbara and LAX with up to fourteen round trip flights a day.[5] Its fleet had grown to include larger aircraft such as the Short 330 and de Havilland Canada DHC-7 Dash 7. The 50-passenger seat Dash 7 was the largest aircraft ever operated by the airline. A huge debt service, among other factors, drove Golden West Airlines out of business in April 1983.[6]

In 2000, Pinnacle Air Charter, Inc. acquired the Air Carrier Certificate for Golden West Airlines. It ultimately operated again, under the DBA of Pinnacle Air Charter, and later, Platinum Air Charter, Inc., conducting on-demand air charter and air ambulance operations under FAR Part 135. Its base of operations was located at Pomona's Brackett Field, and conducted flight operations primarily out of San Bernardino International Airport. It suspended operations and closed in 2007.

Fleet

[edit]
Golden West Airlines MBB HFB-320 Hansa-Jet at the Burbank Airport (BUR)

The Golden West fleet consisted of the following aircraft models and quantities.

Destinations in 1982

[edit]

The July 1, 1982, Golden West timetable map includes:[7]

  • Bakersfield (BFL)
  • Fresno (FAT)
  • Lake Tahoe (TVL)
  • Los Angeles (LAX)
  • Monterey (MRY)
  • Ontario (ONT)
  • Orange County (SNA, now John Wayne Airport)
  • Oxnard (OXR)
  • San Diego (SAN)
  • San Francisco (SFO)
  • Santa Barbara (SBA)

Former destinations

[edit]

Before 1982, Golden West served the following destinations in California at various times:[8][9][10]

Incidents and accidents

[edit]

On January 9, 1975, Golden West Airlines Flight 261, a de Havilland Twin Otter, collided with a Cessna 150 over Whittier, California, killing 14 people in both aircraft (all 12 aboard the Golden West plane and the 2 occupants of the Cessna).

Sources

[edit]
  • R.E.G. Davies and I.E. Quastler, Commuter Airlines of the United States (Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995), ISBN 1-56098-404-X

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Airline Timetable Images". www.timetableimages.com. Retrieved 2022-10-06.
  2. ^ "Jon Proctor » LAX Through the Years". jonproctor.net. Retrieved 2022-10-06.
  3. ^ "Airliners.net | Aviation Photography, Discussion Forums & News". Airliners.net. Retrieved 2022-10-06.
  4. ^ "Airline Timetable Images". www.timetableimages.com. Retrieved 2022-10-06.
  5. ^ "index". www.departedflights.com. Retrieved 2022-10-06.
  6. ^ "Golden West Air Ends Operations". 23 April 1983. Retrieved 24 April 2017 – via NYTimes.com.
  7. ^ "index". www.departedflights.com. Retrieved 2022-10-06.
  8. ^ "Airline Timetable Images". www.timetableimages.com. Retrieved 2022-10-06.
  9. ^ "index". www.departedflights.com. Retrieved 2022-10-06.
  10. ^ "AirTimes - A Source for Airline History". www.airtimes.com. Retrieved 2022-10-06.
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