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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox Bach composition
{{Infobox Bach composition
| title = {{lang|de|Wachet! betet! betet! wachet!}}
| title = {{lang|de|Wachet! betet! betet! wachet!}}
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| vocal = [[SATB|{{abbr|SATB|soprano, alto, tenor and bass}}]] choir and solo
| vocal = [[SATB|{{abbr|SATB|soprano, alto, tenor and bass}}]] choir and solo
| instrumental = {{hlist | trumpet | oboe | bassoon | 2 violins | viola | continuo }}
| instrumental = {{hlist | trumpet | oboe | bassoon | 2 violins | viola | continuo }}
| italic title = no
}}
}}
'''{{lang|de|Wachet! betet! betet! wachet!}}''' (Watch! Pray! Pray! Watch!)<ref name="Dellal" /> is the title of two [[Bach cantata|church cantatas]] by [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]. He composed a first version, '''{{nowrap|BWV 70a}}''',{{efn|"BWV" is [[Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis]], a thematic catalogue of Bach's works.}} in [[Weimar]] for the second Sunday in [[Advent]] of 1716 and expanded it in 1723 in [[Leipzig]] to '''{{nowrap|BWV 70}}''', a cantata in two parts for the 26th Sunday after [[Trinity Sunday|Trinity]].
'''{{lang|de|Wachet! betet! betet! wachet!}}''' (Watch! Pray! Pray! Watch!)<ref name="Dellal" /> is the title of two [[Bach cantata|church cantatas]] by [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]. He composed a first version, '''{{abbr|BWV|Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis (catalogue of Bach's works)}}{{nbsp}}70a''', in [[Weimar]] for the second Sunday in [[Advent]] of 1716 and expanded it in 1723 in [[Leipzig]] to '''{{nowrap|BWV 70}}''', a cantata in two parts for the 26th Sunday after [[Trinity Sunday|Trinity]].


== History and words ==
== History and words ==


On 2 March 1714 Bach was appointed concertmaster of the Weimar court capelle of the co-reigning dukes [[William Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Weimar|Wilhelm Ernst]] and [[Ernest Augustus I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Ernst August]] of Saxe-Weimar. As concertmaster, he assumed the principal responsibility for composing new works, specifically cantatas for the ''Schlosskirche'' (palace church), on a monthly schedule.<ref name="Koster" /> Bach originally wrote this cantata in his last year there, for the [[Church cantata#Second Sunday of Advent (Advent II)|Second Sunday of Advent]].<ref name="Dürr" />
On 2 March 1714 Bach was appointed concertmaster of the Weimar court capelle of the co-reigning dukes [[William Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Weimar|Wilhelm Ernst]] and [[Ernest Augustus I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Ernst August]] of Saxe-Weimar. As concertmaster, he assumed the principal responsibility for composing new works, specifically cantatas for the ''Schlosskirche'' (palace church), on a monthly schedule.<ref name="Koster" /> Bach originally wrote this cantata in his last year there, for the [[List of church cantatas by liturgical occasion#Second Sunday of Advent (Advent II)|Second Sunday of Advent]].<ref name="Dürr" />


The prescribed readings for the Sunday were from the [[Epistle to the Romans]], call of the Gentiles ({{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Romans|chapter=15|verse=4|range=–13}}), and from the [[Gospel of Luke]], the [[Second Coming of Christ]], also called Second Advent ({{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Luke|chapter=21|verse=25|range=–36}}). The cantata text was provided by the court poet [[Salomon Franck]], published in ''Evangelische Sonn- und Fest-Tages-Andachten'' in 1717. Bach wrote five [[Movement (music)|movements]], a chorus and four [[aria]]s, and concluded with the fifth verse of the [[chorale]] "{{lang|de|[[Meinen Jesum laß ich nicht]]}}" by [[Christian Keymann]].<ref name="Dürr" /><ref name="chorale text" />
The prescribed readings for the Sunday were from the [[Epistle to the Romans]], call of the Gentiles ({{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Romans|chapter=15|verse=4|range=–13}}), and from the [[Gospel of Luke]], the [[Second Coming of Christ]], also called Second Advent ({{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Luke|chapter=21|verse=25|range=–36}}). The cantata text was provided by the court poet [[Salomon Franck]], published in ''Evangelische Sonn- und Fest-Tages-Andachten'' in 1717. Bach wrote five [[Movement (music)|movements]], a chorus and four [[aria]]s, and concluded with the fifth verse of the [[chorale]] "{{lang|de|[[Meinen Jesum laß ich nicht]]}}" by [[Christian Keymann]].<ref name="Dürr" /><ref name="chorale text" />
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Bach first performed the cantata on 6 December 1716.<ref name="Dürr" />
Bach first performed the cantata on 6 December 1716.<ref name="Dürr" />


In Leipzig, Advent was a quiet time (''[[tempus clausum]]''), thus no cantata music was performed in services from Advent II to Advent IV. In order to use the music again, Bach had to dedicate it to a different liturgical event and chose the [[Church cantata#26th Sunday after Trinity (Trinity XXVI)|26th Sunday after Trinity]] with a similar theme.<ref name="Gardiner" /> The prescribed readings for this Sunday were from [[The Second Epistle of Peter]], "look for new heavens and a new earth" ({{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=2 Peter|chapter=3|verse=3|range=–13}}), and from the [[Gospel of Matthew]], the [[Second Coming of Christ]], also called Second Advent ({{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Matthew|chapter=25|verse=31|range=–46}}). An unknown poet kept the existing movements and added [[recitative]]s and a chorale to end part 1 of the new cantata, the final verse of "{{lang|de|Freu dich sehr, o meine Seele|italic=no}}" by [[Christoph Demantius]].<ref name="Dürr" /><ref name="chorale text 2" />
In Leipzig, Advent was a quiet time (''[[tempus clausum]]''), thus no cantata music was performed in services from Advent II to Advent IV. In order to use the music again, Bach had to dedicate it to a different liturgical event and chose the [[List of church cantatas by liturgical occasion#26th Sunday after Trinity (Trinity XXVI)|26th Sunday after Trinity]] with a similar theme.<ref name="Gardiner" /> The prescribed readings for this Sunday were from [[The Second Epistle of Peter]], "look for new heavens and a new earth" ({{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=2 Peter|chapter=3|verse=3|range=–13}}), and from the [[Gospel of Matthew]], the [[Second Coming of Christ]], also called Second Advent ({{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Matthew|chapter=25|verse=31|range=–46}}). An unknown poet kept the existing movements and added [[recitative]]s and a chorale to end part 1 of the new cantata, the final verse of "{{lang|de|Freu dich sehr, o meine Seele|italic=no}}" by [[Christoph Demantius]].<ref name="Dürr" /><ref name="chorale text 2" />


Bach performed the extended cantata first on 21 November 1723, and a second time on 18 November 1731.<ref name="Dürr" />
Bach performed the extended cantata first on 21 November 1723, and a second time on 18 November 1731.<ref name="Dürr" />
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::Part I
::Part I
# Chorus: ''{{lang|de|Wachet! betet! betet! wachet!|italic=no}} (1.)
# Chorus: {{lang|de|Wachet! betet! betet! wachet!|italic=no}} (1.)
# Recitative (bass): {{lang|de|Erschrecket, ihr verstockten Sünder|italic=no}}
# Recitative (bass): {{lang|de|Erschrecket, ihr verstockten Sünder|italic=no}}
# Aria (alto): {{lang|de|'Wenn kömmt der Tag, an dem wir ziehen|italic=no}} (2.)
# Aria (alto): {{lang|de|'Wenn kömmt der Tag, an dem wir ziehen|italic=no}} (2.)
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== Recordings ==
== Recordings ==


* ''J. S. Bach: Cantatas BWV 68 & BWV 70'', [[Kurt Thomas (composer)|Kurt Thomas]], Kantorei der Dreikönigskirche Frankfurt, Collegium Musicum, [[Ingeborg Reichelt]], [[Sibylla Plate]], [[Helmut Kretschmar]], [[Erich Wenk]], [[L'Oiseau-Lyre (record label)|L'Oiseau-Lyre]] 1952?
* ''J. S. Bach: Cantatas BWV 68 & BWV 70'', [[Kurt Thomas (composer)|Kurt Thomas]], Kantorei der [[Dreikönigskirche, Frankfurt]], Collegium Musicum, [[Ingeborg Reichelt]], [[Sibylla Plate]], [[Helmut Kretschmar]], [[Erich Wenk]], [[L'Oiseau-Lyre (record label)|L'Oiseau-Lyre]] 1952?
* ''Cantata BWV 70'', [[Karl Richter (conductor)|Karl Richter]], [[Münchener Bach-Chor]], Chamber orchestra of the [[Bayerisches Staatsorchester]], [[Lotte Schädle]], [[Hertha Töpper]], [[Helmut Kretschmar]], [[Kieth Engen]], Andromeda 1957
* ''Cantata BWV 70'', [[Karl Richter (conductor)|Karl Richter]], [[Münchener Bach-Chor]], Chamber orchestra of the [[Bayerisches Staatsorchester]], [[Lotte Schädle]], [[Hertha Töpper]], [[Helmut Kretschmar]], [[Kieth Engen]], Andromeda 1957
* ''Les Grandes Cantates de J. S. Bach Vol. 23'', [[Fritz Werner]], [[Heinrich-Schütz-Chor Heilbronn]], [[Württembergisches Kammerorchester Heilbronn]], [[Hedy Graf]], [[Barbara Scherler]], [[Kurt Huber (tenor)|Kurt Huber]], [[Jakob Stämpfli (bass)|Jakob Stämpfli]], [[Erato]] 1970
* ''Les Grandes Cantates de J. S. Bach Vol. 23'', [[Fritz Werner]], [[Heinrich-Schütz-Chor Heilbronn]], [[Württembergisches Kammerorchester Heilbronn]], [[Hedy Graf]], [[Barbara Scherler]], [[Kurt Huber (tenor)|Kurt Huber]], [[Jakob Stämpfli (bass)|Jakob Stämpfli]], [[Erato]] 1970
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* ''J. S. Bach: Cantatas Vol. 15 – Cantatas from Leipzig 1723'', [[Masaaki Suzuki]], [[Bach Collegium Japan]], [[Yukari Nonoshita]], [[Robin Blaze]], [[Gerd Türk]], [[Peter Kooy]], [[BIS Records|BIS]] 2000
* ''J. S. Bach: Cantatas Vol. 15 – Cantatas from Leipzig 1723'', [[Masaaki Suzuki]], [[Bach Collegium Japan]], [[Yukari Nonoshita]], [[Robin Blaze]], [[Gerd Türk]], [[Peter Kooy]], [[BIS Records|BIS]] 2000
* ''Bach Cantatas Vol. 13: Köln/Lüneburg'', [[John Eliot Gardiner]], [[Monteverdi Choir]], [[English Baroque Soloists]], [[Brigitte Geller]], [[Michael Chance]], [[Jan Kobow]], [[Dietrich Henschel]], Soli Deo Gloria 2000
* ''Bach Cantatas Vol. 13: Köln/Lüneburg'', [[John Eliot Gardiner]], [[Monteverdi Choir]], [[English Baroque Soloists]], [[Brigitte Geller]], [[Michael Chance]], [[Jan Kobow]], [[Dietrich Henschel]], Soli Deo Gloria 2000

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}


== References ==
== References ==
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| last = Dellal
| last = Dellal
| first = Pamela
| first = Pamela
| authorlink = Pamela Dellal
| author-link = Pamela Dellal
| url = http://www.emmanuelmusic.org/notes_trans/transl_cantata/bwv070.htm
| url = http://www.pameladellal.com/notes_translations/translations_cantata/t_bwv070.htm#pab1_7
| title = BWV 70 – Wachet! betet! betet! wachet!
| title = BWV 70 – Wachet! betet! betet! wachet!
| date = 2021
| publisher = [[Emmanuel Music]]
| website = pameladellal.com
| accessdate = 1 December 2014
| access-date = 23 December 2021
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


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| last = Dürr
| last = Dürr
| first = Alfred
| first = Alfred
| authorlink = Alfred Dürr
| author-link = Alfred Dürr
| title = Die Kantaten von Johann Sebastian Bach
| title = Die Kantaten von Johann Sebastian Bach
| year = 1981
| year = 1981
Line 107: Line 105:
| volume = 1
| volume = 1
| edition = 4
| edition = 4
| pages = 103, 527–531
| pages = [https://archive.org/details/diekantatenvonjo0002durr/page/103 103, 527–531]
| language = German
| language = de
| url = https://archive.org/details/diekantatenvonjo0002durr/page/103
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


<ref name="Gardiner">{{cite web
<ref name="Gardiner">{{Cite AV media notes
| last = Gardiner
| last = Gardiner
| first = John Eliot
| first = John Eliot
| authorlink = John Eliot Gardiner
| author-link = John Eliot Gardiner
| url = http://www.monteverdi.co.uk/downloads/booklets/sdg162.pdf
| url = https://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/dc.asp?dc=D_SDG162
| title = Cantatas for the First Sunday in Advent St. Maria im Kapitol, Cologne
| title = Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750) / Cantatas Nos 36, 61, 62, 70, 132 & 147
| publisher = [[Soli Deo Gloria (record label)|Soli Deo Gloria]] (at [[Hyperion Records]] website)
| publisher = [[Monteverdi Choir]]
| page = 17–18
| year = 2009
| year = 2009
| accessdate = 16 December 2017
| access-date = 17 November 2018
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


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| title = Weimar 1708–1717
| title = Weimar 1708–1717
| publisher = let.rug.nl
| publisher = let.rug.nl
| accessdate = 16 December 2011
| access-date = 16 December 2011
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


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| last = Mincham
| last = Mincham
| first = Julian
| first = Julian
| url = http://www.jsbachcantatas.com/documents/chapter-28-bwv-70.htm
| url = http://www.jsbachcantatas.com/documents/chapter-28-bwv-70
| title = Chapter 28 BWV 70 Wachet! betet! betet! Wachet! / You will be swept away with a terrible ending.
| title = Chapter 28 Bwv 70 The Cantatas of Johann Sebastian Bach
| publisher = jsbachcantatas.com
| publisher = jsbachcantatas.com
| year = 2010
| year = 2010
| accessdate = 27 November 2010
| access-date = 22 August 2022
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


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| publisher = Bach Cantatas Website
| publisher = Bach Cantatas Website
| year = 2005
| year = 2005
| accessdate = 27 November 2010
| access-date = 27 November 2010
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


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| publisher = Bach Cantatas Website
| publisher = Bach Cantatas Website
| year = 2005
| year = 2005
| accessdate = 27 November 2010
| access-date = 27 November 2010
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


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| publisher = Bach Cantatas Website
| publisher = Bach Cantatas Website
| year = 2005
| year = 2005
| accessdate = 28 November 2010
| access-date = 28 November 2010
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


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| publisher = Bach Cantatas Website
| publisher = Bach Cantatas Website
| year = 2005
| year = 2005
| accessdate = 28 November 2010
| access-date = 28 November 2010
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


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| title = Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750), Kantate "Wachet! betet! betet! wachet!" BWV 70
| title = Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750), Kantate "Wachet! betet! betet! wachet!" BWV 70
| publisher = altstadtherbst.de
| publisher = altstadtherbst.de
| language = German
| language = de
| year = 2006
| year = 2006
| accessdate = 28 November 2010
| access-date = 28 November 2010
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


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* [http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~wfb/cantatas/70a.html BWV 70a Wachet! betet! betet! wachet!] text, scoring, [[University of Alberta]]
* [http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~wfb/cantatas/70a.html BWV 70a Wachet! betet! betet! wachet!] text, scoring, [[University of Alberta]]
* [http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~wfb/cantatas/70.html BWV 70 Wachet! betet! betet! wachet!] text, scoring, [[University of Alberta]]
* [http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~wfb/cantatas/70.html BWV 70 Wachet! betet! betet! wachet!] text, scoring, [[University of Alberta]]
* Luke Dahn: [http://www.bach-chorales.com/BWV0070_7.htm BWV 70.7], [http://www.bach-chorales.com/BWV0070_11.htm BWV 70.11] bach-chorales.com


{{Church cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach}}
{{Church cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach}}
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Wachet! betet! betet! wachet!'' BWV 70}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Wachet! betet! betet! wachet!'' BWV 70}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2012}}
[Category:Church cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach]]
[[Category:Church cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach]]
[[Category:1716 compositions]]
[[Category:1716 compositions]]
[[Category:1723 compositions]]
[[Category:1723 compositions]]

Latest revision as of 07:00, 9 July 2024

Wachet! betet! betet! wachet!
BWV
  • 70a
  • 70
Church cantata by J. S. Bach
Occasion
Cantata textSalomon Franck
Chorale
Performed
  • 6 December 1716 (1716-12-06): Weimar
  • 21 November 1723 (1723-11-21): Leipzig
Movements
  • 6
  • 11 in two parts
VocalSATB choir and solo
Instrumental
  • trumpet
  • oboe
  • bassoon
  • 2 violins
  • viola
  • continuo

Wachet! betet! betet! wachet! (Watch! Pray! Pray! Watch!)[1] is the title of two church cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach. He composed a first version, BWV 70a, in Weimar for the second Sunday in Advent of 1716 and expanded it in 1723 in Leipzig to BWV 70, a cantata in two parts for the 26th Sunday after Trinity.

History and words

[edit]

On 2 March 1714 Bach was appointed concertmaster of the Weimar court capelle of the co-reigning dukes Wilhelm Ernst and Ernst August of Saxe-Weimar. As concertmaster, he assumed the principal responsibility for composing new works, specifically cantatas for the Schlosskirche (palace church), on a monthly schedule.[2] Bach originally wrote this cantata in his last year there, for the Second Sunday of Advent.[3]

The prescribed readings for the Sunday were from the Epistle to the Romans, call of the Gentiles (Romans 15:4–13), and from the Gospel of Luke, the Second Coming of Christ, also called Second Advent (Luke 21:25–36). The cantata text was provided by the court poet Salomon Franck, published in Evangelische Sonn- und Fest-Tages-Andachten in 1717. Bach wrote five movements, a chorus and four arias, and concluded with the fifth verse of the chorale "Meinen Jesum laß ich nicht" by Christian Keymann.[3][4]

Bach first performed the cantata on 6 December 1716.[3]

In Leipzig, Advent was a quiet time (tempus clausum), thus no cantata music was performed in services from Advent II to Advent IV. In order to use the music again, Bach had to dedicate it to a different liturgical event and chose the 26th Sunday after Trinity with a similar theme.[5] The prescribed readings for this Sunday were from The Second Epistle of Peter, "look for new heavens and a new earth" (2 Peter 3:3–13), and from the Gospel of Matthew, the Second Coming of Christ, also called Second Advent (Matthew 25:31–46). An unknown poet kept the existing movements and added recitatives and a chorale to end part 1 of the new cantata, the final verse of "Freu dich sehr, o meine Seele" by Christoph Demantius.[3][6]

Bach performed the extended cantata first on 21 November 1723, and a second time on 18 November 1731.[3]

Scoring and structure

[edit]

The instrumentation of the Weimar cantata is lost. The cantata in two parts of 7 and 4 movements was scored in Leipzig for soprano, alto, tenor, and bass soloists, a four-part choir, trumpet, oboe, bassoon, two violins, viola, and basso continuo. The movement numbers of cantata 70a are given in brackets.[3]

Part I
  1. Chorus: Wachet! betet! betet! wachet! (1.)
  2. Recitative (bass): Erschrecket, ihr verstockten Sünder
  3. Aria (alto): 'Wenn kömmt der Tag, an dem wir ziehen (2.)
  4. Recitative (tenor): Auch bei dem himmlischen Verlangen
  5. Aria (soprano): Laßt der Spötter Zungen schmähen (3.)
  6. Recitative (tenor): Jedoch bei dem unartigen Geschlechte
  7. Chorale: Freu dich sehr, o meine Seele
Part II
  1. Aria (tenor): Hebt euer Haupt empor (4.)
  2. Recitative (bass): Ach, soll nicht dieser große Tag
  3. Aria (bass): Seligster Erquickungstag (5.)
  4. Chorale: Nicht nach Welt, nach Himmel nicht (6.)

Music

[edit]

Bach shaped the opening chorus in a da capo form and used a technique to embed the vocal parts in the concerto of the orchestra. A characteristic trumpet calls to wake up, initiating figurative movement in the other instruments and the voices. The choir contrasts short calls "Wachet!" and long chords "betet!".[5]

All instruments accompany the recitative, illustrating the fright of the sinners, the calmness of the chosen ones, the destruction of the world, and the fear of the ones called to be judged.

Part I is closed by the final verse of "Freu dich sehr, o meine Seele" in a four-part setting.[7]

The recitative in movement 9 opens with a Furioso depicting the "unerhörten letzten Schlag" (the unheard-of last stroke),[1] while the trumpet quotes the hymn "Es ist gewisslich an der Zeit" (Indeed, the time is here).[1] This chorale had been used as kind of a Dies irae during the Thirty Years' War.[8] The recitative ends on a long melisma on the words "Wohlan, so ende ich mit Freuden meinen Lauf" (Therefore, I will end my course with joy).[1] The following bass aria begins immediately, without the usual ritornello, molt' adagio. After this intimate reflection of the thought "Jesus führet mich zur Stille, an den Ort, da Lust die Fülle." (Jesus leads me to quiet, to the place where pleasure is complete)[1] the closing chorale is set richly for seven parts, independent parts for the upper three strings forming a "halo" for the voices.[3][9][10]

Recordings

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e Dellal, Pamela (2021). "BWV 70 – Wachet! betet! betet! wachet!". pameladellal.com. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
  2. ^ Koster, Jan. "Weimar 1708–1717". let.rug.nl. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Dürr, Alfred (1981). Die Kantaten von Johann Sebastian Bach (in German). Vol. 1 (4 ed.). Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag. pp. 103, 527–531. ISBN 3-423-04080-7.
  4. ^ "Meinen Jesum laß' ich nicht / Text and Translation of Chorale". Bach Cantatas Website. 2005. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  5. ^ a b Gardiner, John Eliot (2009). Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750) / Cantatas Nos 36, 61, 62, 70, 132 & 147 (Media notes). Soli Deo Gloria (at Hyperion Records website). Retrieved 17 November 2018.
  6. ^ "Freu dich sehr, o meine Seele / Text and Translation of Chorale". Bach Cantatas Website. 2005. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  7. ^ "Chorale Melodies used in Bach's Vocal Works / Freu dich sehr, o meine Seele". Bach Cantatas Website. 2005. Retrieved 28 November 2010.
  8. ^ "Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750), Kantate "Wachet! betet! betet! wachet!" BWV 70" (in German). altstadtherbst.de. 2006. Retrieved 28 November 2010.
  9. ^ Mincham, Julian (2010). "Chapter 28 Bwv 70 – The Cantatas of Johann Sebastian Bach". jsbachcantatas.com. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
  10. ^ "Chorale Melodies used in Bach's Vocal Works / Meinen Jesum laß ich nicht". Bach Cantatas Website. 2005. Retrieved 28 November 2010.

Sources

[edit]