Frank O. Lowden: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|American politician (1861–1943)}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2021}} |
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{{Infobox officeholder |
{{Infobox officeholder |
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|name = Frank Lowden |
| name = Frank Orren Lowden |
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|image = Frank Orren Lowden |
| image = Frank Orren Lowden (Illinois Blue Book Portrait 1917-1918).png |
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| caption = Lowden, {{circa}} 1917 |
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|order = 25th [[Governor of Illinois]] |
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| order = 25th [[Governor of Illinois]] |
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| lieutenant = [[John G. Oglesby]] |
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|term_start = January 8, 1917 |
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| term_start = January 8, 1917 |
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| term_end = January 10, 1921 |
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|predecessor = [[Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne|Edward Dunne]] |
| predecessor = [[Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne|Edward Dunne]] |
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|successor = [[Len Small]] |
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| successor = [[Len Small]] |
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| state1 = [[Illinois]] |
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|district1 = {{ushr|IL|13|13th}} |
| district1 = {{ushr|IL|13|13th}} |
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|term_start1 = November 6, 1906 |
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| term_start1 = November 6, 1906 |
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| term_end1 = March 3, 1911 |
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|predecessor1 = [[Robert R. Hitt]] |
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| predecessor1 = [[Robert R. Hitt]] |
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| successor1 = [[John C. McKenzie]] |
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|birth_date = {{birth date|1861|1|26}} |
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| birth_name = Frank Orren Lowden |
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|birth_place = [[Sunrise Township, Chisago County, Minnesota|Sunrise]], [[Minnesota]], U.S. |
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| birth_date = {{birth date|1861|1|26}} |
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| birth_place = [[Sunrise Township, Chisago County, Minnesota|Sunrise, Minnesota]], U.S. |
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| death_date = {{death date and age|1943|3|20|1861|1|26}} |
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| death_place = [[Tucson, Arizona]], U.S. |
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| restingplace = [[Graceland Cemetery]] |
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| spouse = Florence Pullman (1896–1937) |
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⚫ | |footnotes = <ref name=UChiLib>{{cite web |title=Guide to the Frank O. Lowden Papers circa 1870-1943 |year=2011 |url=https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/scrc/findingaids/view.php?eadid=ICU.SPCL.LOWDENF | |
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| signature = Signature of Frank Orren Lowden (1861–1943).png |
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⚫ | | footnotes = <ref name=UChiLib>{{cite web |title=Guide to the Frank O. Lowden Papers circa 1870-1943 |year=2011 |url=https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/scrc/findingaids/view.php?eadid=ICU.SPCL.LOWDENF |access-date=2013-12-24 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Library]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=Illinois History |date=April 1994 |pages=60–61 |access-date=2013-12-25 |url=http://www.lib.niu.edu/1994/ihy940460.html |title=Lowden of Sinnissippi |first=Margaret |last=Fullilove-Nugent |publisher=Illinois Periodicals Online - [[Northern Illinois University Libraries]] |location=[[DeKalb, Illinois]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402013253/http://www.lib.niu.edu/1994/ihy940460.html |archive-date=2015-04-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |title=Frank O. Lowden and Miss Florence Pullman |date=March 21, 1896 |access-date=2021-11-22 |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1896/03/22/105744476.pdf}}</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Frank Orren Lowden''' (January 26, 1861 – March 20, 1943) was |
'''Frank Orren Lowden''' (January 26, 1861 – March 20, 1943) was an American [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] politician who served as the [[List of governors of Illinois|25th]] [[Governor of Illinois]] and as a [[United States House of Representatives|United States Representative]] from [[Illinois]]. He was also a candidate for the Republican presidential nominations in [[1920 United States presidential election|1920]] and [[1928 United States presidential election|1928]]. |
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Born in [[Sunrise Township, Chisago County, Minnesota|Sunrise Township, Minnesota]], Lowden practiced law in [[Chicago]] after graduating from the [[University of Iowa]]. He emerged as a local Republican leader and served in the House of Representatives from 1906 to 1911. He served as Governor of Illinois from 1917 to 1921, earning wide notice for his reorganization of state government and his handling of the [[Chicago race riot of 1919]]. |
Born in [[Sunrise Township, Chisago County, Minnesota|Sunrise Township, Minnesota]], Lowden practiced law in [[Chicago]] after graduating from the [[University of Iowa]]. He emerged as a local Republican leader and served in the House of Representatives from 1906 to 1911. He served as Governor of Illinois from 1917 to 1921, earning wide notice for his reorganization of state government and his handling of the [[Chicago race riot of 1919]]. |
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==Early life== |
==Early life== |
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Lowden was born in [[Sunrise Township, Minnesota]],<ref>[http://www.sunrisetownship.com/historymuseums.htm History/Museums] at sunrisetownship.com</ref> the son of Nancy Elizabeth (Breg) and Lorenzo Orren Lowden, a blacksmith. He lived in [[Iowa]] from the age of seven, on the farm in [[Hardin County, Iowa]], in poverty. He attended school when chores on the family farm allowed. At age fifteen he began to teach in a [[one room school house]] in [[Hubbard, Iowa]]. |
Lowden was born in [[Sunrise Township, Minnesota]],<ref>[http://www.sunrisetownship.com/historymuseums.htm History/Museums] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080401012200/http://www.sunrisetownship.com/historymuseums.htm |date=April 1, 2008 }} at sunrisetownship.com</ref> the son of Nancy Elizabeth (Breg) and Lorenzo Orren Lowden, a blacksmith. He lived in [[Iowa]] from the age of seven, on the farm in [[Hardin County, Iowa]], in poverty. He attended school when chores on the family farm allowed. At age fifteen he began to teach in a [[one room school house]] in [[Hubbard, Iowa]]. |
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After teaching five years, he entered the [[University of Iowa]] at twenty, graduating in 1885. |
After teaching five years, he entered the [[University of Iowa]] at twenty, graduating in 1885. |
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He aspired to be a lawyer, but taught [[high school]] for a year while learning [[stenography]]. |
He aspired to be a lawyer, but taught [[high school]] for a year while learning [[stenography]]. |
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That skill got him a job in 1886 at the Dexter law firm in [[Chicago]], and he took evening courses at the |
That skill got him a job in 1886 at the Dexter law firm in [[Chicago]], and he took evening courses at the |
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[[Union College of Law]], completing the two year curriculum in one year, finishing as [[valedictorian]] in 1887. He was [[Admission to the bar in the United States|admitted to the bar]] the same year and |
[[Union College of Law]], completing the two year curriculum in one year, finishing as [[valedictorian]] in 1887. He was [[Admission to the bar in the United States|admitted to the bar]] the same year and practiced law in Chicago for about 20 years.<ref name="eb1922">{{Cite EB1922|wstitle=Lowden, Frank Orren}}</ref> His wife, Florence, was the daughter of [[George Pullman]]. In 1899, he was professor of law at [[Northwestern University]], [[Evanston, Illinois]].<ref name=UChiLib/><ref name="eb1922"/> |
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==Political career== |
==Political career== |
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[[File:TIMEMagazine15Oct1923.jpg|thumb|left|''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' cover, October 15, 1923]] |
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[[File:Frank Orren Lowden2.jpg|thumb|Lowden's official portrait as Governor of Illinois]] |
[[File:Frank Orren Lowden2.jpg|thumb|Lowden's official portrait as Governor of Illinois]] |
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⚫ | In 1900, Lowden declined the first assistant postmaster-generalship, offered him by President [[William McKinley|McKinley]], whom he had supported. He was a delegate to the [[Republican National Convention]] in 1900 and 1904, and from 1904 to 1912 was a member of the [[Republican National Committee]]. He was also a member of the executive committee in 1904 and 1908. |
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=== Entry === |
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⚫ | In 1900, Lowden declined the first assistant postmaster-generalship, offered him by President [[William McKinley|McKinley]], whom he had supported. He was a delegate to the [[Republican National Convention]] in 1900 and 1904, and from 1904 to 1912 was a member of the [[Republican National Committee]]. He was also a member of the executive committee in 1904 and 1908. |
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Lowden was elected a [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] from [[Illinois]] in 1906 to fill the unexpired term of [[Robert R. Hitt]], deceased. He was re-elected for succeeding terms until 1911, when he declined to run for another term.<ref name="eb1922" /> |
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⚫ | He was a leading candidate for the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nomination for president [[United States presidential election |
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=== Governor of Illinois (1917–1921) === |
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From 1917 to 1921, he was the [[Governor of Illinois]]. While governor, he won wide notice for the major reorganization of state government he spearheaded. He introduced the budget system for state expenditure, thereby reducing the rate of taxation in spite of rising prices.<ref name="eb1922" /> |
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He was a strong supporter of the death penalty, and when in 1918 both houses of the [[Illinois General Assembly]] voted to abolish capital punishment, he vetoed the bill. He was energetic in marshalling the resources of his state in support of the United States' [[World War I]] effort. |
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⚫ | In 1917, when the [[mayor of Chicago]] refused to interfere with a meeting of the People's Council, an organization accused of pro-Germanism, he ordered out the state troops to prevent the meeting. He favoured [[woman suffrage]] and the enforcement of the [[Volstead Act]] for war-time prohibition. He was opposed to the [[League of Nations]] without reservations, on the ground that it would create a super-state.<ref name="eb1922" /> He gained nationwide stature for his handling of the [[Chicago Race Riot of 1919]] and a simultaneous transit strike in Chicago.<ref>{{cite book |pages=220–221 |author=Krist, Gary |title=City of Scoundrels: The Twelve Days of Disaster That Gave Birth to Modern Chicago |location=New York |publisher=Crown |year=2012|isbn=978--0-307-45429-4 |lccn=2012032098}}</ref> |
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=== 1920 presidential election and aftermath === |
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⚫ | He was a leading candidate for the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[1920 Republican Party presidential primaries|nomination]] for president [[1920 United States presidential election|in 1920]]. His campaign was embarrassed by reports of profligate spending. His Missouri [[campaign manager]] gave out $32,000 to promote his campaign, including $2,500 (a laborer's annual wage) to at least two convention delegates.<ref>{{cite book |
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|isbn=978-0-06-196755-9 |lccn=2012032098 |year=2013 |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |
|isbn=978-0-06-196755-9 |lccn=2012032098 |year=2013 |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |
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|location=[[New York City|New York]]}}</ref> |
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Delegates at the Republican convention deadlocked over several ballots between Lowden and General [[Leonard Wood]], resulting in party leaders meeting privately to determine a compromise candidate. Their choice, [[Warren G. Harding]], went on to win the nomination. |
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⚫ | In [[1924 United States presidential election|the 1924 election]], he declined the Republican nomination for vice president. In [[1928 United States presidential election|1928]], he again positioned himself to run for the [[1928 Republican National Convention|party's nomination]], but he was never much more than a minor threat to front runner [[Herbert Hoover]], who went on to win the presidential nomination and the election. |
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==Railroad career== |
==Railroad career== |
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[[File:Grave of Frank Orren Lowden (1861–1943) at Graceland Cemetery, Chicago.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Lowden's grave at Graceland Cemetery]] |
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In 1933, Lowden was appointed to be one of three receivers for the [[bankrupt]] [[Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad]]. He served in this capacity with co-receivers Joseph B. Fleming and James E. Gorman (the latter had been president of the railroad since 1917) until his death in 1943 in [[Tucson, Arizona]]. His remains are buried in [[Graceland Cemetery]], Chicago. |
In 1933, Lowden was appointed to be one of three receivers for the [[bankrupt]] [[Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad]]. He served in this capacity with co-receivers Joseph B. Fleming and James E. Gorman (the latter had been president of the railroad since 1917) until his death in 1943 in [[Tucson, Arizona]]. His remains are buried in [[Graceland Cemetery]], Chicago. |
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==Bibliography== |
==Bibliography== |
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* {{cite book|last=Hutchinson |first=William T. | |
* {{cite book|last=Hutchinson |first=William T. |author-link=William T. Hutchinson |
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|title=Lowden of Illinois: The Life of Frank O. Lowden |
|title=Lowden of Illinois: The Life of Frank O. Lowden |
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|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |year=1957 |lccn=57006274}} |
|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |year=1957 |lccn=57006274}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Portal|Biography}} |
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{{Commons category|Frank Orren Lowden}} |
{{Commons category|Frank Orren Lowden}} |
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{{CongBio|L000472}} |
{{CongBio|L000472}} |
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* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Frank Orren Lowden}} |
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Frank Orren Lowden}} |
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*{{Find a Grave|8220}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nominee for [[Governor of Illinois]]|years=1916}} |
{{s-ttl|title=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nominee for [[Governor of Illinois]]|years=[[1916 Illinois gubernatorial election|1916]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for [[Vice President of the United States]]<br>{{small|Withdrew}}|years=[[United States presidential election |
{{s-ttl|title=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for [[Vice President of the United States]]<br>{{small|Withdrew}}|years=[[1924 United States presidential election|1924]]}} |
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{{United States presidential election, 1920}} |
{{United States presidential election, 1920}} |
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{{United States presidential election, 1928}} |
{{United States presidential election, 1928}} |
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{{USCongRep-start |congresses=59th–61st [[United States Congress]]es |state=[[Illinois]]}} |
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[[Category:1943 deaths]] |
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[[Category:20th-century American politicians]] |
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[[Category:American schoolteachers]] |
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[[Category:Burials at Graceland Cemetery (Chicago)]] |
[[Category:Burials at Graceland Cemetery (Chicago)]] |
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[[Category:Farmers from Iowa]] |
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[[Category:Governors of Illinois]] |
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[[Category:People from Chisago County, Minnesota]] |
[[Category:People from Chisago County, Minnesota]] |
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[[Category:People from Hardin County, Iowa]] |
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[[Category:University of Iowa alumni]] |
[[Category:University of Iowa alumni]] |
Latest revision as of 15:21, 21 June 2024
Frank Orren Lowden | |
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![]() Lowden, c. 1917 | |
25th Governor of Illinois | |
In office January 8, 1917 – January 10, 1921 | |
Lieutenant | John G. Oglesby |
Preceded by | Edward Dunne |
Succeeded by | Len Small |
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 13th district | |
In office November 6, 1906 – March 3, 1911 | |
Preceded by | Robert R. Hitt |
Succeeded by | John C. McKenzie |
Personal details | |
Born | Frank Orren Lowden January 26, 1861 Sunrise, Minnesota, U.S. |
Died | March 20, 1943 Tucson, Arizona, U.S. | (aged 82)
Resting place | Graceland Cemetery |
Political party | Republican |
Spouse | Florence Pullman (1896–1937) |
Children | 3 |
Bildung | University of Iowa (BA) Northwestern University (LLB) |
Signature | ![]() |
[1][2][3] | |
Frank Orren Lowden (January 26, 1861 – March 20, 1943) was an American Republican Party politician who served as the 25th Governor of Illinois and as a United States Representative from Illinois. He was also a candidate for the Republican presidential nominations in 1920 and 1928.
Born in Sunrise Township, Minnesota, Lowden practiced law in Chicago after graduating from the University of Iowa. He emerged as a local Republican leader and served in the House of Representatives from 1906 to 1911. He served as Governor of Illinois from 1917 to 1921, earning wide notice for his reorganization of state government and his handling of the Chicago race riot of 1919.
At the 1920 Republican National Convention, Lowden was the preferred candidate of many of the party's conservatives. His supporters coalesced behind Warren G. Harding as a compromise candidate, and Harding won both the nomination and the 1920 presidential election. Lowden was nominated for vice president at the 1924 Republican National Convention, but he declined the nomination. Lowden was a candidate for president at the 1928 Republican National Convention, but Herbert Hoover won the nomination on the first ballot.
Early life
[edit]Lowden was born in Sunrise Township, Minnesota,[4] the son of Nancy Elizabeth (Breg) and Lorenzo Orren Lowden, a blacksmith. He lived in Iowa from the age of seven, on the farm in Hardin County, Iowa, in poverty. He attended school when chores on the family farm allowed. At age fifteen he began to teach in a one room school house in Hubbard, Iowa. After teaching five years, he entered the University of Iowa at twenty, graduating in 1885. He aspired to be a lawyer, but taught high school for a year while learning stenography. That skill got him a job in 1886 at the Dexter law firm in Chicago, and he took evening courses at the Union College of Law, completing the two year curriculum in one year, finishing as valedictorian in 1887. He was admitted to the bar the same year and practiced law in Chicago for about 20 years.[5] His wife, Florence, was the daughter of George Pullman. In 1899, he was professor of law at Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.[1][5]
Political career
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/TIMEMagazine15Oct1923.jpg/220px-TIMEMagazine15Oct1923.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Frank_Orren_Lowden2.jpg)
Entry
[edit]In 1900, Lowden declined the first assistant postmaster-generalship, offered him by President McKinley, whom he had supported. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1900 and 1904, and from 1904 to 1912 was a member of the Republican National Committee. He was also a member of the executive committee in 1904 and 1908.
Lowden was elected a U.S. Representative from Illinois in 1906 to fill the unexpired term of Robert R. Hitt, deceased. He was re-elected for succeeding terms until 1911, when he declined to run for another term.[5]
Governor of Illinois (1917–1921)
[edit]From 1917 to 1921, he was the Governor of Illinois. While governor, he won wide notice for the major reorganization of state government he spearheaded. He introduced the budget system for state expenditure, thereby reducing the rate of taxation in spite of rising prices.[5]
He was a strong supporter of the death penalty, and when in 1918 both houses of the Illinois General Assembly voted to abolish capital punishment, he vetoed the bill. He was energetic in marshalling the resources of his state in support of the United States' World War I effort.
In 1917, when the mayor of Chicago refused to interfere with a meeting of the People's Council, an organization accused of pro-Germanism, he ordered out the state troops to prevent the meeting. He favoured woman suffrage and the enforcement of the Volstead Act for war-time prohibition. He was opposed to the League of Nations without reservations, on the ground that it would create a super-state.[5] He gained nationwide stature for his handling of the Chicago Race Riot of 1919 and a simultaneous transit strike in Chicago.[6]
1920 presidential election and aftermath
[edit]He was a leading candidate for the Republican nomination for president in 1920. His campaign was embarrassed by reports of profligate spending. His Missouri campaign manager gave out $32,000 to promote his campaign, including $2,500 (a laborer's annual wage) to at least two convention delegates.[7]
Delegates at the Republican convention deadlocked over several ballots between Lowden and General Leonard Wood, resulting in party leaders meeting privately to determine a compromise candidate. Their choice, Warren G. Harding, went on to win the nomination.
In the 1924 election, he declined the Republican nomination for vice president. In 1928, he again positioned himself to run for the party's nomination, but he was never much more than a minor threat to front runner Herbert Hoover, who went on to win the presidential nomination and the election.
Railroad career
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Grave_of_Frank_Orren_Lowden_%281861%E2%80%931943%29_at_Graceland_Cemetery%2C_Chicago.jpg/150px-Grave_of_Frank_Orren_Lowden_%281861%E2%80%931943%29_at_Graceland_Cemetery%2C_Chicago.jpg)
In 1933, Lowden was appointed to be one of three receivers for the bankrupt Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad. He served in this capacity with co-receivers Joseph B. Fleming and James E. Gorman (the latter had been president of the railroad since 1917) until his death in 1943 in Tucson, Arizona. His remains are buried in Graceland Cemetery, Chicago.
Legacy
[edit]The following are named after Lowden: Camp Lowden Boy Scout Camp, Lowden State Park and Lowden-Miller State Forest, all near his estate outside Oregon, Illinois; the Frank O. Lowden Homes in Chicago; and two Lowden Halls, located on the campus of the Northwestern University School of Law in Chicago and Northern Illinois University in DeKalb.
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b "Guide to the Frank O. Lowden Papers circa 1870-1943". University of Chicago Library. 2011. Retrieved December 24, 2013.
- ^ Fullilove-Nugent, Margaret (April 1994). "Lowden of Sinnissippi". Illinois History. DeKalb, Illinois: Illinois Periodicals Online - Northern Illinois University Libraries. pp. 60–61. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved December 25, 2013.
- ^ "Frank O. Lowden and Miss Florence Pullman" (PDF). The New York Times. March 21, 1896. Retrieved November 22, 2021.
- ^ History/Museums Archived April 1, 2008, at the Wayback Machine at sunrisetownship.com
- ^ a b c d e Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). Encyclopædia Britannica (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. .
- ^ Krist, Gary (2012). City of Scoundrels: The Twelve Days of Disaster That Gave Birth to Modern Chicago. New York: Crown. pp. 220–221. ISBN 978--0-307-45429-4. LCCN 2012032098.
- ^ Shlaes, Amity (2013). Coolidge. New York: HarperCollins. p. 196. ISBN 978-0-06-196755-9. LCCN 2012032098.
Bibliography
[edit]- Hutchinson, William T. (1957). Lowden of Illinois: The Life of Frank O. Lowden. University of Chicago Press. LCCN 57006274.
External links
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- United States Congress. "Frank O. Lowden (id: L000472)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- Works by or about Frank O. Lowden at the Internet Archive
- 1861 births
- 1943 deaths
- 20th-century American politicians
- Burials at Graceland Cemetery (Chicago)
- Candidates in the 1920 United States presidential election
- Candidates in the 1928 United States presidential election
- Farmers from Iowa
- Illinois lawyers
- Northwestern University faculty
- Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law alumni
- People from Chisago County, Minnesota
- People from Hardin County, Iowa
- Republican Party governors of Illinois
- Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois
- Schoolteachers from Iowa
- University of Iowa alumni